LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | NOTE 4 . LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The Company makes residential mortgage, commercial and consumer loans to customers primarily in Baltimore City, Baltimore County, Howard County, Kent County, Queen Anne’s County, Caroline County, Talbot County and Dorchester County in Maryland, Kent County, Delaware and in Accomack County, Virginia. The following table provides information about the principal classes of the loan portfolio at December 31, 201 7 and 201 6 . (Dollars in thousands) 2017 2016 Construction $ 125,746 $ 84,002 Residential real estate 399,190 325,768 Commercial real estate 464,887 382,681 Commercial 97,284 72,435 Consumer 6,407 6,639 Total loans 1,093,514 871,525 Allowance for credit losses (9,781) (8,726) Total loans, net $ 1,083,733 $ 862,799 In the normal course of banking business, loans are made to officers and directors and their affiliated interests. These loans are made on substantially the same terms and conditions as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with persons who are not related to the Company and are not considered to involve more than the normal risk of collectibility. As of December 31, 201 7 and 201 6 , such loans outstanding, both direct and indirect (including guarantees), to directors, their associates and policy-making officers, totaled approximately $13.8 million and $13.3 million, respectively. During 2017 and 2016 , loan additions were approximately $2.3 million and $3.3 million, respectively, and loan repayments were approximately $1.8 million and $1.1 million, respectively. Due to the consolidation of the former Bank subsidiaries and their Board of Directors during 2016, many directors who served on those boards no longer serve as members of the new consolidated Bank as of December 31, 2016. This resulted in approximately $10.8 million in outstanding loans being excluded for reporting loans made to inside directors of the Company and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 . Net loan origination costs, included in balances above, totaled $609 thousand and $509 thousand as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Also included in total loans at December 31, 2017 were $108.1 million in loans, acquired in the current year as part of the NWBI branch acquisition. These balances are presented net of the related discount which totaled $1.8 million at December 31, 2017. In the normal course of banking business, risks related to specific loan categories are as follows: Construction loans – Construction loans generally finance the construction of residential real estate for builders and individuals for single family dwellings. In addition, the Bank periodically finances the construction of commercial projects. Credit risk factors include the borrower’s ability to successfully complete the construction on time and within budget, changing market conditions which could affect the value and marketability of projects, changes in the borrower’s ability or willingness to repay the loan and potentially rising interest rates which can impact both the borrower’s ability to repay and the collateral value. Residential real estate – Residential real estate loans are typically made to consumers and are secured by residential real estate. Credit risk arises from the borrower’s continuing financial stability, which can be adversely impacted by job loss, divorce, illness, or personal bankruptcy, among other factors. Also impacting credit risk would be a shortfall in the value of the residential real estate in relation to the outstanding loan balance in the event of a default or subsequent liquidation of the real estate collateral. Commercial real estate – Commercial real estate loans consist of both loans secured by owner occupied properties and non-owner occupied properties where an established banking relationship exists and involves investment properties for warehouse, retail, and office space with a history of occupancy and cash flow. These loans are subject to adverse changes in the local economy and commercial real estate markets. Credit risk associated with owner occupied properties arises from the borrower’s financial stability and the ability of the borrower and the business to repay the loan. Non-owner occupied properties carry the risk of a tenant’s deteriorating credit strength, lease expirations in soft markets and sustained vacancies which can adversely impact cash flow . Commercial – Commercial loans are secured or unsecured loans for business purposes. Loans are typically secured by accounts receivable, inventory, equipment and/or other assets of the business. Credit risk arises from the successful operation of the business which may be affected by competition, rising interest rates, regulatory changes and adverse conditions in the local and regional economy. Consumer – Consumer loans include home equity loans and lines, installment loans and personal lines of credit. Credit risk is similar to residential real estate loans above as it is subject to the borrower’s continuing financial stability and the value of the collateral securing the loan . The following tables include impairment information relating to loans and the allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 201 7 and 201 6 . Residential Commercial (Dollars in thousands) Construction real estate real estate Commercial Consumer Total December 31, 2017 Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 6,975 $ 6,018 $ 4,967 $ 337 $ - $ 18,297 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 118,771 393,172 459,920 96,947 6,407 1,075,217 Total loans $ 125,746 $ 399,190 $ 464,887 $ 97,284 $ 6,407 $ 1,093,514 Allowance for credit losses allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 500 $ 239 $ 33 $ 33 $ - $ 805 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,960 2,045 2,561 2,208 202 8,976 Total loans $ 2,460 $ 2,284 $ 2,594 $ 2,241 $ 202 $ 9,781 Residential Commercial (Dollars in thousands) Construction real estate real estate Commercial Consumer Total December 31, 2016 Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 8,007 $ 7,778 $ 6,088 $ - $ 99 $ 21,972 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 75,995 317,990 376,593 72,435 6,540 849,553 Total loans $ 84,002 $ 325,768 $ 382,681 $ 72,435 $ 6,639 $ 871,525 Allowance for credit losses allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,639 $ 317 $ 185 $ - $ - $ 2,141 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,148 1,636 2,425 1,145 231 6,585 Total loans $ 2,787 $ 1,953 $ 2,610 $ 1,145 $ 231 $ 8,726 In the fourth quarter of 2017, management made a change to its method for calculating the allowance. This change and the effect on the allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2017 was as follows: The Company added pass/watch credits to an existing pool that included loans that are risk rated as special mention and substandard to be collectively evaluated for impairment for both quantitative and qualitative factors. The Company believes that attributing additional reserves to this pool of loans better reflects the perceived risk for the total loan portfolio going forward, due to the significant organic loan growth over the past 24 months, the increase in pass/watch rated credits, and increasing balances/concentrations in certain segments of the loan portfolio. Creating this new pool, increased the provision for loan losses by $1.4 million compared to the prior methodology. The following table represents the effect on the loan loss provision as a result of these changes in methodology. It compares the methodology actually used for the year ended December 31, 2017to that used in prior periods. Calculated Provision Calculated Provision Based on Current Based on Prior (Dollars in thousands) Methodology Methodology Difference Construction $ (303) $ (653) $ 350 Residential real estate 736 753 (17) Commercial real estate 53 (439) 492 Commercial 1,827 1,217 610 Consumer (22) (9) (13) Total $ 2,291 $ 869 $ 1,422 The allowance for loan losses was 0.89% of total loans at December 31, 2017, compared to 1.00% at December 31, 2016. The following tables provide information on impaired loans and any related allowance by loan class as of December 31, 201 7 and 201 6 . The difference between the unpaid principal balance and the recorded investment is the amount of partial charge-offs that have been taken. Recorded Recorded Unpaid investment investment Average Interest principal with no with an Related recorded income (Dollars in thousands) balance allowance allowance allowance investment recognized December 31, 2017 Impaired nonaccrual loans: Construction $ 3,100 $ 182 $ 2,821 $ 459 $ 3,181 $ - Residential real estate 1,620 1,482 - - 3,191 - Commercial real estate 795 149 - - 542 - Commercial 425 - 337 33 200 - Consumer - - - - 41 - Total $ 5,940 $ 1,813 $ 3,158 $ 492 $ 7,155 $ - Impaired accruing TDRs: Construction $ 3,972 $ 3,038 $ 934 $ 41 $ 4,067 $ 101 Residential real estate 4,536 2,042 2,494 239 3,831 161 Commercial real estate 4,818 4,084 734 33 4,860 185 Commercial - - - - - - Consumer - - - - - - Total $ 13,326 $ 9,164 $ 4,162 $ 313 $ 12,758 $ 447 Total impaired loans: Construction $ 7,072 $ 3,220 $ 3,755 $ 500 $ 7,248 $ 101 Residential real estate 6,156 3,524 2,494 239 7,022 161 Commercial real estate 5,613 4,233 734 33 5,402 185 Commercial 425 - 337 33 200 - Consumer - - - - 41 - Total $ 19,266 $ 10,977 $ 7,320 $ 805 $ 19,913 $ 447 Recorded Recorded Unpaid investment investment Average Interest principal with no with an Related recorded income (Dollars in thousands) balance allowance allowance allowance investment recognized December 31, 2016 Impaired nonaccrual loans: Construction $ 7,247 $ - $ 3,818 $ 1,621 $ 5,707 $ - Residential real estate 4,013 1,957 1,946 166 3,500 - Commercial real estate 1,801 959 193 117 2,144 - Commercial - - - - 108 - Consumer 99 99 - - 106 - Total $ 13,160 $ 3,015 $ 5,957 $ 1,904 $ 11,565 $ - Impaired accruing TDRs: Construction $ 4,189 $ 3,479 $ 710 $ 18 $ 4,172 $ 96 Residential real estate 3,875 2,829 1,046 151 4,663 195 Commercial real estate 4,936 1,573 3,363 68 5,090 174 Commercial - - - - - - Consumer - - - - - - Total $ 13,000 $ 7,881 $ 5,119 $ 237 $ 13,925 $ 465 Total impaired loans: Construction $ 11,436 $ 3,479 $ 4,528 $ 1,639 $ 9,879 $ 96 Residential real estate 7,888 4,786 2,992 317 8,163 195 Commercial real estate 6,737 2,532 3,556 185 7,234 174 Commercial - - - - 108 - Consumer 99 99 - - 106 - Total $ 26,160 $ 10,896 $ 11,076 $ 2,141 $ 25,490 $ 465 The following tables provide a roll-forward for troubled debt restructurings as of December 31, 201 7 and December 31, 201 6 . 1/1/2017 12/31/2017 TDR New Disbursements Charge Reclassifications/ TDR Related (Dollars in thousands) Balance TDRs (Payments) offs Transfer In/(Out) Payoffs Balance Allowance For the year ended December 31, 2017 Accruing TDRs Construction $ 4,189 $ - $ (25) $ - $ (58) $ (134) $ 3,972 $ 41 Residential real estate 3,875 - (333) (89) 1,535 (452) 4,536 239 Commercial real estate 4,936 - (118) - - - 4,818 33 Commercial - - - - - - - - Consumer - - - - - - - - Total $ 13,000 $ - $ (476) $ (89) $ 1,477 $ (586) $ 13,326 $ 313 Nonaccrual TDRs Construction $ 3,818 $ - $ (890) $ - $ (50) $ - $ 2,878 $ 459 Residential real estate 1,603 - (68) - (1,535) - - - Commercial real estate 83 - - - - - 83 - Commercial - 345 (8) - - - 337 33 Consumer - - - - - - - - Total $ 5,504 $ 345 $ (966) $ - $ (1,585) $ - $ 3,298 $ 492 Total $ 18,504 $ 345 $ (1,442) $ (89) $ (108) $ (586) $ 16,624 $ 805 1/1/2016 12/31/16 TDR New Disbursements Charge Reclassifications/ TDR Related (Dollars in thousands) Balance TDRs (Payments) offs Transfer In/(Out) Payoffs Balance Allowance For the year ended December 31, 2016 Accruing TDRs Construction $ 4,069 $ - $ 120 $ - $ - $ - $ 4,189 $ 18 Residential real estate 5,686 565 (405) - (1,595) (376) 3,875 151 Commercial real estate 5,740 495 (724) (117) (458) - 4,936 68 Commercial - - - - - - - - Consumer - - - - - - - - Total $ 15,495 $ 1,060 $ (1,009) $ (117) $ (2,053) $ (376) $ 13,000 $ 237 Nonaccrual TDRs Construction $ 4,960 $ 2,570 $ (2,022) $ (590) $ (1,100) $ - $ 3,818 $ 1,621 Residential real estate 445 117 (531) (23) 1,595 - 1,603 156 Commercial real estate - - (117) (258) 458 - 83 - Commercial - - - - - - - - Consumer 23 - (23) - - - - - Total $ 5,428 $ 2,687 $ (2,693) $ (871) $ 953 $ - $ 5,504 $ 1,777 Total $ 20,923 $ 3,747 $ (3,702) $ (988) $ (1,100) $ (376) $ 18,504 $ 2,014 The following tables provide information on loans that were modified and considered TDRs during 201 7 and 201 6 . Premodification Postmodification outstanding outstanding Number of recorded recorded Related (Dollars in thousands) contracts investment investment allowance TDRs: For the year ended December 31, 2017 Construction - $ - $ - $ - Residential real estate - - - - Commercial real estate 1 760 755 - Commercial 1 462 345 - Consumer - - - - Total 2 $ 1,222 $ 1,100 $ - For the year ended December 31, 2016 Construction - $ - $ - $ - Residential real estate 3 667 688 - Commercial real estate 2 695 572 - Commercial - - - - Consumer - - - - Total 5 $ 1,362 $ 1,260 $ - During the year ended December 31, 2017, there was one new TDR and one previously recorded TDR which was modified. The new TDR consisted of a reduction in principal, whereas, the previously recorded TDR consisted of a change in maturity date. The following tables provide information on TDRs that defaulted during 201 7 and 201 6 . Generally, a loan is considered in default when principal or interest is past due 90 days or more , the loan is placed on nonaccrual, charged-off, or foreclosure proceedings have commenced. Number of Recorded Related (Dollars in thousands) contracts investment allowance TDRs that subsequently defaulted: For the year ended December 31, 2017 Construction - $ - $ - Residential real estate 1 89 - Commercial real estate - - - Commercial - - - Consumer - - - Total 1 $ 89 $ - For the year ended December 31, 2016 Construction 2 $ 590 $ - Residential real estate 1 23 - Commercial real estate 2 375 - Commercial - - - Consumer - - - Total 5 $ 988 $ - Management uses risk ratings as part of its monitoring of the credit quality in the Company’s loan portfolio. Loans that are identified as special mention, substandard or doubtful are adversely rated. They are assigned higher risk ratings than favorably rated loans in the calculation of the formula portion of the allowance for credit losses along with loans rated pass/watch which are deemed to have higher credit risk than the remainder of the pass categories . At December 31, 201 7 , there were no nonaccrual loans classified as special mention or doubtful and $5.0 million of nonaccrual loans were identified as substandard. The comparable amounts at December 31, 201 6 were special mention $0 , substandard $9.0 million and doubtful $0 , respectively. The following tables provide information on loan risk ratings as of December 31, 201 7 and 201 6 . Special (Dollars in thousands) Pass/Performing Pass/Watch Mention Substandard Doubtful Total December 31, 2017 Construction $ 88,836 $ 30,674 $ - $ 6,236 $ - $ 125,746 Residential real estate 355,575 34,973 4,456 4,186 - 399,190 Commercial real estate 342,051 109,041 7,420 6,375 - 464,887 Commercial 72,440 24,102 308 434 - 97,284 Consumer 5,260 1,147 - - - 6,407 Total $ 864,162 $ 199,937 $ 12,184 $ 17,231 $ - $ 1,093,514 Special (Dollars in thousands) Pass/Performing Pass/Watch Mention Substandard Doubtful Total December 31, 2016 Construction $ 45,126 $ 27,515 $ 4,195 $ 7,166 $ - $ 84,002 Residential real estate 280,215 32,027 6,646 6,880 - 325,768 Commercial real estate 260,935 102,526 10,939 8,281 - 382,681 Commercial 49,697 21,616 857 265 - 72,435 Consumer 6,406 134 - 99 - 6,639 Total $ 642,379 $ 183,818 $ 22,637 $ 22,691 $ - $ 871,525 The following tables provide information on the aging of the loan portfolio as of December 31, 201 7 and 201 6 . Accruing 30-59 days 60-89 days Greater than Total (Dollars in thousands) Current past due past due 90 days past due Nonaccrual Total December 31, 2017 Construction $ 122,475 $ 268 $ - $ - $ 268 $ 3,003 $ 125,746 Residential real estate 394,653 1,589 1,045 421 3,055 1,482 399,190 Commercial real estate 460,998 1,061 2,461 218 3,740 149 464,887 Commercial 96,774 173 - - 173 337 97,284 Consumer 6,395 6 6 - 12 - 6,407 Total $ 1,081,295 $ 3,097 $ 3,512 $ 639 $ 7,248 $ 4,971 $ 1,093,514 Percent of total loans 98.8 % 0.3 % 0.3 % 0.1 % 0.7 % 0.5 % 100.0 % Accruing 30-59 days 60-89 days Greater than Total (Dollars in thousands) Current past due past due 90 days past due Nonaccrual Total December 31, 2016 Construction $ 80,079 $ - $ 105 $ - $ 105 $ 3,818 $ 84,002 Residential real estate 317,992 1,778 2,095 - 3,873 3,903 325,768 Commercial real estate 375,552 3,219 2,758 - 5,977 1,152 382,681 Commercial 72,272 19 134 10 163 - 72,435 Consumer 6,515 13 2 10 25 99 6,639 Total $ 852,410 $ 5,029 $ 5,094 $ 20 $ 10,143 $ 8,972 $ 871,525 Percent of total loans 97.8 % 0.6 % 0.6 % - % 1.2 % 1.0 % 100.0 % The following tables provide a summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses allocated by loan class for 201 7 and 201 6 . Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one loan class does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other loan classes. Residential Commercial (Dollars in thousands) Construction real estate real estate Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total 2017 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning Balance $ 2,787 $ 1,953 $ 2,610 $ 1,145 $ 231 $ - $ 8,726 Charge-offs (54) (445) (100) (946) (32) - (1,577) Recoveries 30 40 31 215 25 - 341 Net charge-offs (24) (405) (69) (731) (7) - (1,236) Provision (303) 736 53 1,827 (22) - 2,291 Ending Balance $ 2,460 $ 2,284 $ 2,594 $ 2,241 $ 202 $ - $ 9,781 Residential Commercial (Dollars in thousands) Construction real estate real estate Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total 2016 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning Balance $ 1,646 $ 2,181 $ 2,999 $ 558 $ 156 $ 776 $ 8,316 Charge-offs (615) (580) (503) (497) (45) - (2,240) Recoveries 35 298 25 428 16 - 802 Net charge-offs (580) (282) (478) (69) (29) - (1,438) Provision 1,721 54 89 656 104 (776) 1,848 Ending Balance $ 2,787 $ 1,953 $ 2,610 $ 1,145 $ 231 $ - $ 8,726 Foreclosure Proceedings Consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in the process of foreclosure totaled $530 thousand and $687 thousand as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 . There were no residential real estate included in the balance of Other real estate owned at December 31, 2017 and $18 thousand included in the balance for two residential properties at December 31, 2016. Performing TDRs were in compliance with their modified terms and there are no further commitments associated with these loans. |