Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 5 – Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASC 326. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables. For further discussion on the most significant accounting policies that the Company follows see Note 2 – Adoption of Accounting Standards and Note 1 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. All loan information presented as of March 31, 2023 is in accordance with ASC 326. All loan information presented as of December 31, 2022, or a prior date is presented in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. The Company makes residential mortgage, commercial and consumer loans to customers primarily in Anne Arundel County, Baltimore County, Howard County, Kent County, Queen Anne’s County, Caroline County, Talbot County, Dorchester County and Worcester County in Maryland, Kent and Sussex County, Delaware and in Accomack County, Virginia. The following table provides information about the principal classes of the loan portfolio at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Construction $ 250,447 $ 246,319 Residential real estate 866,225 810,497 Commercial real estate 1,096,937 1,065,409 Commercial 140,312 147,856 Consumer 314,760 286,026 Total loans 2,668,681 2,556,107 Allowance for credit losses (28,464) (16,643) Total loans, net $ 2,640,217 $ 2,539,464 Loans are stated at their principal amount outstanding net of any purchase premiums/discounts, deferred fees and costs. Included in loans were deferred costs, net of fees, of $1.7 million and $1.4 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, included in total loans were $342.8 million and $372.2 million in loans, acquired as part of the acquisition of Severn Bancorp, Inc. (“Severn”), effective October 31, 2021. These balances were presented net of the related discount which totaled $6.0 million and $6.7 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. At March 31, 2023, the Bank was servicing $349.8 million in loans for the Federal National Mortgage Association and $74.9 million in loans for Freddie Mac. The following table provides information on nonaccrual loans by loan class as of March 31, 2023. Nonaccrual Nonaccrual Loans past due with no with an 90 days or more allowance for allowance for and still (Dollars in thousands) credit loss credit loss accruing March 31, 2023 Nonaccrual loans: Construction $ 177 $ — $ 24 Residential real estate 1,477 12 218 Commercial real estate — — 369 Commercial 167 — — Consumer 37 24 — Total $ 1,858 $ 36 $ 611 Interest income $ — $ — $ 1 The overall quality of the Bank’s loan portfolio is primarily assessed using the Bank’s risk-grading scale. This review process is assisted by frequent internal reporting of loan production, loan quality, concentrations of credit, loan delinquencies and nonperforming and potential problem loans. Credit quality indicators are adjusted based on management’s judgment during the quarterly review process. Loans are graded on a scale of one to ten. Ratings 1 thru 6 – Pass - Ratings 1 thru 6 have asset risks ranging from excellent-low to adequate. The specific rating assigned considers customer history of earnings, cash flows, liquidity, leverage, capitalization, consistency of debt service coverage, the nature and extent of customer relationship and other relevant specific business factors such as the stability of the industry or market area, changes to management, litigation or unexpected events that could have an impact on risks. Rating 7 – Special Mention - These credits have potential weaknesses due to economic conditions, less than adequate earnings performance or other factors which require the lending officer to direct more than normal attention to the credit. Financing alternatives may be limited and/or command higher risk interest rates. Special mention loan relationships are reviewed at least quarterly. Rating 8 – Substandard - Substandard assets are assets that are inadequately protected by the sound worth or paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged. Substandard loans are the first adversely classified loans on the Bank's watchlist. These assets have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets classified substandard. The loans may have a delinquent history or combination of weak collateral, weak guarantor or operating losses. When a loan is assigned to this category the Bank may estimate a specific reserve in the loan loss allowance analysis and/or place the loan on nonaccrual. These assets listed may include assets with histories of repossessions or some that are non-performing bankruptcies. These relationships will be reviewed at least quarterly. Rating 9 – Doubtful - Doubtful assets have many of the same characteristics of substandard with the exception that the Bank has determined that loss is not only possible but is probable. The amount of loss is not discernible due to factors such as merger, acquisition, or liquidation; a capital injection; a pledge of additional collateral; the sale of assets; or alternative refinancing plans. Credits receiving a doubtful classification are required to be on nonaccrual. These relationships will be reviewed at least quarterly. Rating 10 – Loss – Loss assets are uncollectible or of little value. The following table provides information on loan risk ratings as of March 31, 2023. Revolving Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving converted to (Dollars in thousands) Prior 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 loans term loans Total March 31, 2023 Construction Pass $ 28,379 $ 7,814 $ 16,531 $ 67,810 $ 108,670 $ 20,197 $ 786 $ — $ 250,187 Substandard 236 — — 24 — — — — 260 Total $ 28,615 $ 7,814 $ 16,531 $ 67,834 $ 108,670 $ 20,197 $ 786 $ — $ 250,447 Gross Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Residential real estate Pass $ 226,659 $ 38,023 $ 75,277 $ 175,925 $ 222,994 $ 53,436 $ 70,635 $ — $ 862,949 Special Mention 932 — — — — 256 — 1,188 Substandard 1,964 — — — — — 124 — 2,088 Total $ 229,555 $ 38,023 $ 75,277 $ 175,925 $ 222,994 $ 53,436 $ 71,015 $ — $ 866,225 Gross Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate Pass $ 389,646 $ 106,316 $ 155,585 $ 173,010 $ 208,815 $ 49,380 $ 10,047 $ 28 $ 1,092,827 Special Mention 1,762 142 — 1,535 — — — — 3,439 Substandard 671 — — — — — — — 671 Total $ 392,079 $ 106,458 $ 155,585 $ 174,545 $ 208,815 $ 49,380 $ 10,047 $ 28 $ 1,096,937 Gross Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial Pass $ 18,465 $ 4,291 $ 11,125 $ 35,137 $ 17,833 $ 1,211 $ 50,327 $ 1,287 $ 139,676 Special Mention — — — 469 — — — — 469 Substandard 167 — — — — — — — 167 Total $ 18,632 $ 4,291 $ 11,125 $ 35,606 $ 17,833 $ 1,211 $ 50,327 $ 1,287 $ 140,312 Gross Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (107) $ — $ — $ (107) Consumer Pass $ 1,060 $ 1,825 $ 19,104 $ 94,357 $ 163,213 $ 34,468 $ 671 $ — $ 314,698 Special Mention — — — — — — 2 — 2 Substandard — 27 — 10 23 — — — 60 Total $ 1,060 $ 1,852 $ 19,104 $ 94,367 $ 163,236 $ 34,468 $ 673 $ — $ 314,760 Gross Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Total loans by risk category $ 669,941 $ 158,438 $ 277,622 $ 548,277 $ 721,548 $ 158,692 $ 132,848 $ 1,315 $ 2,668,681 Total gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (107) $ — $ — $ (107) The following tables provide information on the aging of the loan portfolio as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Accruing 30‑59 days 60‑89 days 90 days or more Total (Dollars in thousands) Current (1) past due past due past due past due Nonaccrual Total March 31, 2023 Construction $ 249,446 $ 731 $ 69 $ 24 $ 824 $ 177 $ 250,447 Residential real estate 858,389 5,177 952 218 6,347 1,489 866,225 Commercial real estate 1,096,189 337 42 369 748 — 1,096,937 Commercial 140,096 45 4 — 49 167 140,312 Consumer 314,039 633 27 — 660 61 314,760 Total $ 2,658,159 $ 6,923 $ 1,094 $ 611 $ 8,628 $ 1,894 $ 2,668,681 Percent of total loans 99.6 % 0.3 % — % — % 0.3 % 0.1 % 100.0 % (1) Includes loans measured at fair value of $9.5 million at March 31, 2023. Accruing 30‑59 days 60‑89 days 90 days or more Total (Dollars in thousands) Current (1) past due past due past due past due Nonaccrual PCI Total December 31, 2022 Construction $ 239,990 $ 4,343 $ 1,015 $ 24 $ 5,382 $ 297 $ 650 $ 246,319 Residential real estate 787,070 6,214 891 1,107 8,212 1,259 13,956 810,497 Commercial real estate 1,052,314 369 — 710 1,079 150 11,866 1,065,409 Commercial 147,511 15 — — 15 174 156 147,856 Consumer 285,750 223 11 — 234 28 14 286,026 Total $ 2,512,635 $ 11,164 $ 1,917 $ 1,841 $ 14,922 $ 1,908 $ 26,642 $ 2,556,107 Percent of total loans 98.3 % 0.4 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.6 % 0.1 % 1.0 % 100.0 % (1) Includes loans measured at fair value of $8.4 million at December 31, 2022. The following tables provide a summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses allocated by loan class for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one loan class does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other loan classes. Residential Commercial (Dollars in thousands) Construction real estate real estate Commercial Consumer Total For three months ended March 31, 2023 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning Balance $ 2,973 $ 2,622 $ 4,899 $ 1,652 $ 4,497 $ 16,643 Impact of ASC326 Adoption 1,222 4,974 3,742 401 452 10,791 Charge-offs (1) — — — (107) — (107) Recoveries 3 31 — 53 — 87 Net (charge-offs) recoveries 3 31 — (54) — (20) Provision (1,509) 1,120 1,217 (139) 361 1,050 Ending Balance $ 2,689 $ 8,747 $ 9,858 $ 1,860 $ 5,310 $ 28,464 (1) Gross charge-offs of commercial loans for the three months ended March 31, 2023 included $107 of demand deposit overdrafts. Residential Commercial (Dollars in thousands) Construction real estate real estate Commercial Consumer Total For three months ended March 31, 2022 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning Balance $ 2,454 $ 2,858 $ 4,598 $ 2,070 $ 1,964 $ 13,944 Charge-offs — — — (92) (16) (108) Recoveries 3 46 150 68 7 274 Net (charge-offs) recoveries 3 46 150 (24) (9) 166 Provision 400 (329) (248) (241) 1,018 600 Ending Balance $ 2,857 $ 2,575 $ 4,500 $ 1,805 $ 2,973 $ 14,710 There were no modifications to loans for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty (“BEFD”) during the three months ending March 31, 2023. Foreclosure Proceedings There were $39 thousand of consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that were in the process of foreclosure as of March 31, 2023 and $263 thousand as of December 31, 2022, respectively. There were no residential real estate properties included in the balance of other real estate owned at March 31, 2023 and 1 residential real estate property totaling $18 thousand at December 31, 2022. Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 The following table provides information about all loans acquired from Severn as of December 31, 2022. December 31, 2022 Acquired Loans - Acquired Loans - Purchased Purchased Acquired Loans - (Dollars in thousands) Credit Impaired Performing Total Outstanding principal balance $ 29,620 $ 349,262 $ 378,882 Carrying amount Construction $ 650 $ 18,761 $ 19,411 Residential real estate 13,956 116,118 130,074 Commercial real estate 11,866 174,278 186,144 Commercial 156 35,687 35,843 Consumer 14 697 711 Total loans $ 26,642 $ 345,541 $ 372,183 The following table presents a summary of the change in the accretable yield on PCI loans acquired from Severn. For the Three Months Ended (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2022 Accretable yield, beginning of period $ 5,367 Accretion (394) Reclassification of nonaccretable difference due to improvement in expected cash flows — Other changes, net — Accretable yield, end of period $ 4,973 The following tables include impairment information relating to loans and the allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2022. Residential Commercial (Dollars in thousands) Construction real estate real estate Commercial Consumer Total December 31, 2022 Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 331 $ 5,081 $ 2,540 $ 174 $ 28 $ 8,154 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 236,901 791,460 1,051,003 147,526 285,984 2,512,874 Acquired loans - PCI 650 13,956 11,866 156 14 26,642 Total loans $ 237,882 $ 810,497 $ 1,065,409 $ 147,856 $ 286,026 $ 2,547,670 Allowance for credit losses allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 127 $ — $ — $ — $ 127 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 2,973 2,495 4,899 1,652 4,497 16,516 Total allowance $ 2,973 $ 2,622 $ 4,899 $ 1,652 $ 4,497 $ 16,643 (1) Excludes loans measured at fair value of $8.4 million at December 31, 2022. The following tables provide information on impaired loans and any related allowance by loan class as of December 31, 2022. The difference between the unpaid principal balance and the recorded investment is the amount of partial charge-offs that have been taken and interest paid on nonaccrual loans that has been applied to principal. Recorded Recorded March 31, 2022 Unpaid investment investment Year-to-date Interest principal with no with an Related average recorded income (Dollars in thousands) balance allowance allowance allowance investment recognized December 31, 2022 Impaired nonaccrual loans: Construction $ 297 $ 297 $ — $ — $ 331 $ — Residential real estate 1,363 1,259 — — 1,476 — Commercial real estate 159 150 — — 906 — Commercial 359 174 — — 321 — Consumer 29 28 — — 74 — Total $ 2,207 $ 1,908 $ — $ — $ 3,108 $ — Impaired accruing TDRs: Construction $ 10 $ 10 $ — $ — $ 22 $ — Residential real estate 2,849 1,176 1,539 127 2,809 25 Commercial real estate 1,680 1,680 — — 2,581 23 Commercial — — — — — — Consumer — — — — — — Total $ 4,539 $ 2,866 $ 1,539 $ 127 $ 5,412 $ 48 Other impaired accruing loans: Construction $ 24 $ 24 $ — $ — $ — $ — Residential real estate 1,107 1,107 — — 29 3 Commercial real estate 710 710 — — 417 1 Commercial — — — — 9 — Consumer — — — — 38 — Total $ 1,841 $ 1,841 $ — $ — $ 493 $ 4 Total impaired loans: Construction $ 331 $ 331 $ — $ — $ 353 $ — Residential real estate 5,319 3,542 1,539 127 4,314 28 Commercial real estate 2,549 2,540 — — 3,904 24 Commercial 359 174 — — 330 — Consumer 29 28 — — 112 — Total $ 8,587 $ 6,615 $ 1,539 $ 127 $ 9,013 $ 52 There were no loans modified and considered to be TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2022. All accruing TDRs were in compliance with their modified terms. Both performing and non-performing TDRs had no further commitments associated with them as of December 31, 2022. There were no TDRs which subsequently defaulted within 12 months of modification for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Generally, a loan is considered in default when principal or interest is past due 90 days or more, the loan is placed on nonaccrual, the loan is charged off, or there is a transfer to other real estate owned (OREO) or repossessed assets. The following tables provide information on loan risk ratings as of December 31, 2022. Special (Dollars in thousands) Pass/Performing (1) Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful PCI Total December 31, 2022 Construction $ 231,160 $ 14,212 $ — $ 297 $ — $ 650 $ 246,319 Residential real estate 761,405 32,467 1,239 1,430 — 13,956 810,497 Commercial real estate 929,501 121,711 1,814 517 — 11,866 1,065,409 Commercial 131,084 15,958 484 174 — 156 147,856 Consumer 285,786 196 2 28 — 14 286,026 Total $ 2,338,936 $ 184,544 $ 3,539 $ 2,446 $ — $ 26,642 $ 2,556,107 (1) Includes loans measured at fair value of |