Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASC 326. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables. For further discussion on the most significant accounting policies that the Company follows see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Company’s 2023 Annual Report. The following table provides information about the principal classes of the loan portfolio at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. ($ in thousands) September 30, 2024 % of Total Loans December 31, 2023 % of Total Loans Construction $ 337,113 7.12 % $ 299,000 6.40 % Residential real estate 1,570,998 33.19 % 1,490,438 32.10 % Commercial real estate 2,276,381 48.09 % 2,286,154 49.30 % Commercial 225,083 4.75 % 229,939 5.00 % Consumer 317,149 6.70 % 328,896 7.10 % Credit cards 7,185 0.15 % 6,583 0.10 % Total loans 4,733,909 100.00 % 4,641,010 100.00 % Allowance for credit losses on loans (58,669) (57,351) Total loans, net $ 4,675,240 $ 4,583,659 Loans are stated at their principal amount outstanding including any purchase premiums/discounts, deferred fees and costs. Included in loans were deferred costs, net of fees, of $3.4 million and $2.2 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 included in total loans were $1.52 billion and $1.64 billion in loans acquired as part of the acquisition of TCFC, effective July 1, 2023. These balances were presented net of the related discount which totaled $92.3 million and $108.4 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, included in total loans were $263.4 million and $297.9 million in loans, acquired as part of the acquisition of Severn Bancorp, Inc. (“Severn”), effective October 31, 2021. These balances were presented net of the related discount which totaled $3.6 million and $4.7 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. At September 30, 2024, the Bank was servicing $368.0 million in loans for the Federal National Mortgage Association and $118.5 million in loans for Freddie Mac. The following table provides information on nonaccrual loans by loan class as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. ($ in thousands) Non-Accrual with no allowance for credit loss Non-Accrual with an allowance for credit loss Total Non-Accrual Loans September 30, 2024 Nonaccrual loans: Construction $ 207 $ — $ 207 Residential real estate 6,500 438 6,938 Commercial real estate 3,447 2,239 5,686 Commercial 490 586 1,076 Consumer 295 463 758 Credit cards — 179 179 Total $ 10,939 $ 3,905 $ 14,844 Interest income $ 174 $ 57 $ 231 ($ in thousands) Non-Accrual with no allowance for credit loss Non-Accrual with an allowance for credit loss Total Non-Accrual Loans December 31, 2023 Nonaccrual loans: Construction $ 626 $ — $ 626 Residential real estate 5,865 480 6,345 Commercial real estate 4,364 — 4,364 Commercial 176 368 544 Consumer 216 689 905 Total $ 11,247 $ 1,537 $ 12,784 Interest income $ 399 $ 53 $ 452 ($ in thousands) Non-Accrual Delinquent Loans Non-Accrual Current Loans Total Non-Accrual Loans September 30, 2024 Nonaccrual loans: Construction $ 207 $ — $ 207 Residential real estate 4,516 2,422 6,938 Commercial real estate 2,810 2,876 5,686 Commercial 58 1,018 1,076 Consumer 707 51 758 Credit cards 156 23 179 Total $ 8,454 $ 6,390 $ 14,844 ($ in thousands) Non-Accrual Delinquent Loans Non-Accrual Current Loans Total Non-Accrual Loans December 31, 2023 Nonaccrual loans: Construction $ 221 $ 405 $ 626 Residential real estate 4,137 2,208 6,345 Commercial real estate 1,215 3,149 4,364 Commercial 28 516 544 Consumer 903 2 905 Total $ 6,504 $ 6,280 $ 12,784 The overall quality of the Bank’s loan portfolio is primarily assessed using the Bank’s risk-grading scale. This review process is assisted by frequent internal reporting of loan production, loan quality, concentrations of credit, loan delinquencies and nonperforming and potential problem loans. Credit quality indicators are adjusted based on management’s judgment during the quarterly review process. Consumer credit cards are monitored based on a borrower payment history. Credit card loans are classified as performing and are typically charged off no later than 180 days past due when, or in the opinion of management, the collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. As of September 30, 2024, there w ere 7 cred it cards that were evaluated based on economic conditions specific to the loans or borrowers, and were downgraded to substandard and non-performing. Loans subject to risk ratings are graded on a scale of one to ten. Ratings 1 thru 6 – Pass - Ratings 1 thru 6 have asset risks ranging from excellent-low to adequate. The specific rating assigned considers customer history of earnings, cash flows, liquidity, leverage, capitalization, consistency of debt service coverage, the nature and extent of customer relationship and other relevant specific business factors such as the stability of the industry or market area, changes to management, litigation or unexpected events that could have an impact on risks. Rating 7 – Special Mention - These credits have potential weaknesses due to economic conditions, less than adequate earnings performance or other factors which require the lending officer to direct more than normal attention to the credit. Financing alternatives may be limited and/or command higher risk interest rates. Special mention loan relationships are reviewed at least quarterly. Rating 8 – Substandard - Substandard assets are assets that are inadequately protected by the sound worth or paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged. Substandard loans are the first adversely classified loans on the Bank's watchlist. These assets have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets classified substandard. The loans may have a delinquent history or combination of weak collateral, weak guarantor or operating losses. When a loan is assigned to this category the Bank may estimate a specific reserve in the credit loss allowance analysis and/or place the loan on nonaccrual. These assets listed may include assets with histories of repossessions or some that are non-performing bankruptcies. These relationships will be reviewed at least quarterly. Rating 9 – Doubtful - Doubtful assets have many of the same characteristics of substandard with the exception that the Bank has determined that loss is not only possible but is probable. The amount of loss is not discernible due to factors such as merger, acquisition, or liquidation; a capital injection; a pledge of additional collateral; the sale of assets; or alternative refinancing plans. Credits receiving a doubtful classification are required to be on nonaccrual. These relationships will be reviewed at least quarterly. Rating 10 – Loss – Loss assets are uncollectible or of little value. The following tables provides information on loan risk ratings as of September 30, 2024 and gross write-offs during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Converted to Term Loans Total ($ in thousands) Prior 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 September 30, 2024 Construction Pass $ 33,471 $ 10,572 $ 24,666 $ 79,428 $ 90,132 $ 76,594 $ 20,283 $ 1,760 $ 336,906 Substandard 60 — — 147 — — — — 207 Total $ 33,531 $ 10,572 $ 24,666 $ 79,575 $ 90,132 $ 76,594 $ 20,283 $ 1,760 $ 337,113 Gross Charge-offs $ — $ — $ (12) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (12) Residential real estate Pass $ 343,013 $ 101,078 $ 242,689 $ 402,062 $ 255,274 $ 82,959 $ 120,721 $ 14,124 $ 1,561,920 Special Mention 395 530 — — — — 163 — 1,088 Substandard 5,511 — 1,353 295 355 — 476 — 7,990 Total $ 348,919 $ 101,608 $ 244,042 $ 402,357 $ 255,629 $ 82,959 $ 121,360 $ 14,124 $ 1,570,998 Gross Charge-offs $ (1) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (1) Commercial real estate Pass $ 800,556 $ 282,792 $ 407,056 $ 432,621 $ 213,652 $ 82,252 $ 34,021 $ — $ 2,252,950 Special Mention 7,162 — 5,428 — — — 531 — 13,121 Substandard 7,227 — 3,055 — — — 28 — 10,310 Total $ 814,945 $ 282,792 $ 415,539 $ 432,621 $ 213,652 $ 82,252 $ 34,580 $ — $ 2,276,381 Gross Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial Pass $ 27,330 $ 11,866 $ 43,586 $ 31,181 $ 30,278 $ 28,198 $ 48,252 $ 849 $ 221,540 Special Mention 120 — — — — — — 69 189 Substandard 593 — 9 1,324 524 — 553 351 3,354 Total $ 28,043 $ 11,866 $ 43,595 $ 32,505 $ 30,802 $ 28,198 $ 48,805 $ 1,269 $ 225,083 Gross Charge-offs $ (45) $ (11) $ — $ (56) $ (65) $ — $ — $ — $ (177) Consumer Pass $ 889 $ 11,679 $ 64,634 $ 122,668 $ 68,778 $ 47,032 $ 711 $ — $ 316,391 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard 2 3 97 555 101 — — — 758 Total $ 891 $ 11,682 $ 64,731 $ 123,223 $ 68,879 $ 47,032 $ 711 $ — $ 317,149 Gross Charge-offs $ (545) $ (9) $ (217) $ (1,578) $ (35) $ — $ (17) $ — $ (2,401) Total Pass $ 1,205,259 $ 417,987 $ 782,631 $ 1,067,960 $ 658,114 $ 317,035 $ 223,988 $ 16,733 $ 4,689,707 Special Mention 7,677 530 5,428 — — — 694 69 14,398 Substandard 13,393 3 4,514 2,321 980 — 1,057 351 22,619 Total loans by risk category $ 1,226,329 $ 418,520 $ 792,573 $ 1,070,281 $ 659,094 $ 317,035 $ 225,739 $ 17,153 $ 4,726,724 Total gross charge-offs $ (591) $ (20) $ (229) $ (1,634) $ (100) $ — $ (17) $ — $ (2,591) Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Converted to Term Loans Total ($ in thousands) Prior 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 September 30, 2024 Credit Cards Performing $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 7,006 $ — $ 7,006 Non-Performing — — — — — — 179 — 179 Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 7,185 $ — $ 7,185 Gross Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (405) $ — $ (405) Total loans evaluated by performing status $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 7,185 $ — $ 7,185 Total gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (405) $ — $ (405) Total Recorded Investment $ 1,226,329 $ 418,520 $ 792,573 $ 1,070,281 $ 659,094 $ 317,035 $ 232,924 $ 17,153 $ 4,733,909 The following tables provides information on loan risk ratings as of December 31, 2023 and gross write-offs during twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Revolving Total ($ in thousands) Prior 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 December 31, 2023 Construction Pass $ 23,450 $ 15,721 $ 14,773 $ 34,325 $ 101,426 $ 100,620 $ 8,056 $ — $ 298,371 Substandard 199 — — 12 418 — — — 629 Total $ 23,649 $ 15,721 $ 14,773 $ 34,337 $ 101,844 $ 100,620 $ 8,056 $ — $ 299,000 Gross Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Residential real estate Pass $ 317,528 $ 54,387 $ 105,269 $ 251,269 $ 392,378 $ 239,914 $ 119,777 $ 874 $ 1,481,396 Special Mention 154 256 564 503 — — 192 — 1,669 Substandard 6,000 — — — — — 1,373 — 7,373 Total $ 323,682 $ 54,643 $ 105,833 $ 251,772 $ 392,378 $ 239,914 $ 121,342 $ 874 $ 1,490,438 Gross Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (119) $ — $ (119) Commercial real estate Pass $ 670,042 $ 190,753 $ 311,980 $ 426,750 $ 428,240 $ 210,915 $ 14,873 $ 2,138 $ 2,255,691 Special Mention 14,986 331 — 5,501 4,446 — 100 409 25,773 Substandard 2,119 2,029 — 542 — — — — 4,690 Total $ 687,147 $ 193,113 $ 311,980 $ 432,793 $ 432,686 $ 210,915 $ 14,973 $ 2,547 $ 2,286,154 Gross Charge-offs $ (512) $ — $ (814) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (1,326) Commercial Pass $ 23,771 $ 12,946 $ 14,464 $ 41,621 $ 35,897 $ 27,901 $ 49,160 $ 22,284 $ 228,044 Special Mention 143 — — 425 — — 251 — 819 Substandard 160 69 — — 487 — 314 46 1,076 Total $ 24,074 $ 13,015 $ 14,464 $ 42,046 $ 36,384 $ 27,901 $ 49,725 $ 22,330 $ 229,939 Gross Charge-offs $ (1) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (242) $ (243) Consumer Pass $ 621 $ 961 $ 14,158 $ 76,629 $ 143,507 $ 91,415 $ 699 $ — $ 327,990 Special Mention — — — — — — 2 — 2 Substandard — 38 5 80 780 — 1 — 904 Total $ 621 $ 999 $ 14,163 $ 76,709 $ 144,287 $ 91,415 $ 702 $ — $ 328,896 Gross Charge-offs $ (522) $ — $ (16) $ (17) $ (8) $ (4) $ (7) $ — $ (574) Total Pass $ 1,035,412 $ 274,768 $ 460,644 $ 830,594 $ 1,101,448 $ 670,765 $ 192,565 $ 25,296 $ 4,591,492 Special Mention 15,283 $ 587 $ 564 $ 6,429 $ 4,446 $ — $ 545 $ 409 28,263 Substandard 8,478 2,136 5 634 1,685 — 1,688 46 14,672 Total loans by risk $ 1,059,173 $ 277,491 $ 461,213 $ 837,657 $ 1,107,579 $ 670,765 $ 194,798 $ 25,751 $ 4,634,427 Total gross $ (1,035) $ — $ (830) $ (17) $ (8) $ (4) $ (126) $ (242) $ (2,262) Credit Cards Performing $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 6,583 $ — $ 6,583 Non-Performing — — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 6,583 $ — $ 6,583 Gross Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (111) $ — $ (111) Total loans evaluated $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 6,583 $ — $ 6,583 Total gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (111) $ — $ (111) Total Recorded $ 1,059,173 $ 277,491 $ 461,213 $ 837,657 $ 1,107,579 $ 670,765 $ 201,381 $ 25,751 $ 4,641,010 The following tables provide information on the aging of the loan portfolio as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Accruing ($ in thousands) 30‑59 days past due 60‑89 days past due 90 days past due and still accruing 30-89 days past due and not accruing 90 days past due and not accruing Total past due Current Accrual Loans (1) Current Non-Accrual Loans Total September 30, 2024 Construction $ 410 $ — $ — $ — $ 207 $ 617 $ 336,496 $ — $ 337,113 Residential real estate 956 389 205 2,377 2,139 6,066 1,562,510 2,422 1,570,998 Commercial real estate 95 4,443 — 2,239 571 7,348 2,266,157 2,876 2,276,381 Commercial 56 1 6 — 58 121 223,944 1,018 225,083 Consumer 1,558 896 9 439 268 3,170 313,928 51 317,149 Credit Cards 61 98 234 30 126 549 6,613 23 7,185 Total $ 3,136 $ 5,827 $ 454 $ 5,085 $ 3,369 $ 17,871 $ 4,709,648 $ 6,390 $ 4,733,909 Percent of total loans 0.07 % 0.12 % 0.01 % 0.11 % 0.07 % 0.38 % 99.49 % 0.13 % 100.0 % ____________________________________ (1) Includes loans measured at fair value of $10.0 million at September 30, 2024. Accruing ($ in thousands) 30‑59 days past due 60‑89 days past due 90 days past due and still accruing 30-89 days past due and not accruing 90 days past due and not accruing Total past due Current Accrual Loans (1) Current Non-Accrual Loans Total December 31, 2023 Construction $ 1,919 $ — $ — $ — $ 221 $ 2,140 $ 296,455 $ 405 $ 299,000 Residential real estate 2,420 271 108 1,469 2,668 6,936 1,481,294 2,208 1,490,438 Commercial real estate 16 — — — 1,215 1,231 2,281,774 3,149 2,286,154 Commercial 48 — 488 — 28 564 228,859 516 229,939 Consumer 3,224 1,391 — 24 879 5,518 323,376 2 328,896 Credit cards 35 36 142 — — 213 6,370 — 6,583 Total $ 7,662 $ 1,698 $ 738 $ 1,493 $ 5,011 $ 16,602 $ 4,618,128 $ 6,280 $ 4,641,010 Percent of total loans 0.17 % 0.04 % 0.02 % 0.03 % 0.11 % 0.36 % 99.50 % 0.14 % 100.00 % ____________________________________ (1) Includes loans measured at fair value of $9.9 million at December 31, 2023. The following tables provide a summary of the activity in the ACL allocated by loan class for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one loan class does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other loan classes. ($ in thousands) Beginning Balance Charge-offs Recoveries Net (charge-offs) recoveries Provisions Ending Balance For three months ended September 30, 2024 Construction $ 3,471 $ — $ 1 $ 1 $ (578) $ 2,894 Residential real estate 22,060 — 1 1 1,468 23,529 Commercial real estate 21,424 — — — (147) 21,277 Commercial 2,866 (154) 1 (153) 512 3,225 Consumer (1) 8,145 (1,015) 88 (927) 36 7,254 Credit Card 512 (210) — (210) 188 490 Total $ 58,478 $ (1,379) $ 91 $ (1,288) $ 1,479 $ 58,669 ____________________________________ (1) Gross charge-offs of consumer loans for the three months ended September 30, 2024 included $156 thousand of demand deposit overdrafts. ($ in thousands) Beginning Balance Merger Adjustments (2) Charge-offs Recoveries Net (charge-offs) recoveries Provisions Ending Balance For Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Construction $ 2,386 $ 3 $ — $ 3 $ 3 $ 1,439 $ 3,831 Residential real estate 9,151 215 — 3 3 9,806 19,175 Commercial real estate 10,267 985 (1,327) — (1,327) 12,875 22,800 Commercial 1,956 278 — 2 2 2,101 4,337 Consumer (1) 5,254 14 (115) 45 (70) 1,658 6,856 Credit Card — 18 (60) — (60) 94 52 Total $ 29,014 $ 1,513 $ (1,502) $ 53 $ (1,449) $ 27,973 $ 57,051 ____________________________________ (1) Gross charge-offs of consumer loans for the three months ended September 30, 2023 included $1.5 million of demand deposit overdrafts. (2) Merger adjustments consist of gross-up for acquired PCD loans in the TCFC merger. ($ in thousands) Beginning Charge- Recoveries Net (charge-offs) Provisions Ending For Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Construction $ 3,935 $ (12) $ 7 $ (5) $ (1,036) $ 2,894 Residential real estate 21,949 (1) 5 4 1,576 23,529 Commercial real estate 20,975 — — — 302 21,277 Commercial 2,671 (177) 4 (173) 727 3,225 Consumer (1) 7,601 (2,401) 232 (2,169) 1,822 7,254 Credit Card 220 (405) 9 (396) 666 490 Total $ 57,351 $ (2,996) $ 257 $ (2,739) $ 4,057 $ 58,669 ____________________________________ (1) Gross charge-offs of consumer loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 included $512 thousands of demand deposit overdrafts. ($ in thousands) Beginning Balance Impact of ASC 326 Adoption Merger Adjustments (2) Charge-offs Recoveries Net (charge-offs) recoveries Provisions Ending Balance For Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Construction $ 2,973 $ 1,222 $ 3 $ — 10 $ 10 $ (377) $ 3,831 Residential real estate 2,622 4,974 215 — 37 37 11,327 19,175 Commercial real estate 4,899 3,742 985 (1,327) — (1,327) 14,501 22,800 Commercial 1,652 401 278 — 10 10 1,996 4,337 Consumer (1) 4,497 452 14 (399) 210 (189) 2,082 6,856 Credit Card — — 18 (60) — (60) 94 52 Total $ 16,643 $ 10,791 $ 1,513 $ (1,786) $ 267 $ (1,519) $ 29,623 $ 57,051 ____________________________________ (1) Gross charge-offs of consumer loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 included $1.8 million of demand deposit overdrafts. (2) Merger adjustments consist of gross-up for acquired PCD loans in the TCFC merger. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by loan portfolio segment. September 30, 2024 ($ in thousands) Real Estate Collateral Other Collateral Total Construction $ 207 $ — $ 207 Residential real estate 19,600 — 19,600 Commercial real estate 11,905 — 11,905 Commercial — 3,160 3,160 Consumer — 756 756 Total $ 31,712 $ 3,916 $ 35,628 December 31, 2023 ($ in thousands) Real Estate Collateral Other Collateral Total Construction $ 662 $ — $ 662 Residential real estate 8,047 — 8,047 Commercial real estate 6,134 — 6,134 Commercial — 1,106 1,106 Consumer — 904 904 Total $ 14,843 $ 2,010 $ 16,853 Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty Modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may include interest rate reduction, principal or interest forgiveness, forbearance, term extensions, and other actions intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, no loan modifications were made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, there were no defaults on loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. As of September 30, 2024, all loan modification balances with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the preceding 12 months were classified as current non-accrual, of which $98 thousand were for commercial real estate loans and $216 thousand were for commercial loans. Foreclosure Proceedings There were $127 thousand of consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property and $552 thousand of Commercial Real Estate loans collateralized by Owner Occupied nonfarm nonresidential properties that were in the process of foreclosure as of September 30, 2024 and $175 thousand as of December 31, 2023, respectively. There were no residential real estate properties included in the balance of other real estate owned (“OREO”) at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. |