UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
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(Mark One) | | |
þ | | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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| | For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2007 |
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| | OR |
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o | | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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| | For the transition period from to . |
Commission file number: 000-50463
Callidus Software Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | | 77-0438629 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
Callidus Software Inc.
160 West Santa Clara Street, Suite 1500
San Jose, CA 95113
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(408) 808-6400
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yesþ Noo
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large accelerated filero | | Accelerated filerþ | | Non-accelerated filero |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yeso Noþ
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
There were 28,900,021 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001, outstanding on May 3, 2007, the latest practicable date prior to the filing of this report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Callidus Software®, the Callidus logo®, Callidus TRUEANALYTICS™, TRUECOMP®, TRUEINFORMATION®, TRUEPERFORMANCE®, TRUEPRODUCER™ and TRUERESOLUTION® are our trademarks, among others not referenced in this quarterly report of Form 10-Q. All other trademarks, service marks, or trade names referred to in this report are the property of their respective owners.
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.Financial Statements
CALLIDUS SOFTWARE INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except per share amount)
| | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | (Unaudited) |
ASSETS
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Current assets: | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 21,049 | | | $ | 12,082 | |
Short-term investments | | | 37,872 | | | | 40,857 | |
Accounts receivable, net | | | 20,089 | | | | 23,064 | |
Prepaids and other current assets | | | 3,652 | | | | 3,939 | |
| | | | | | |
Total current assets | | | 82,662 | | | | 79,942 | |
Property and equipment, net | | | 3,722 | | | | 4,086 | |
Deposits and other assets | | | 1,136 | | | | 1,166 | |
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Total assets | | $ | 87,520 | | | $ | 85,194 | |
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LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
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Current liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable | | $ | 2,054 | | | $ | 899 | |
Accrued payroll and related expenses | | | 5,768 | | | | 6,647 | |
Accrued expenses | | | 5,933 | | | | 3,721 | |
Deferred revenue | | | 14,537 | | | | 13,726 | |
| | | | | | |
Total current liabilities | | | 28,292 | | | | 24,993 | |
Deferred rent | | | 669 | | | | 681 | |
Long-term deferred revenue | | | 1,318 | | | | 1,578 | |
Other liabilities | | | 455 | | | | 562 | |
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Total liabilities | | | 30,734 | | | | 27,814 | |
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Stockholders’ equity: | | | | | | | | |
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000 shares authorized; 28,869 and 28,354 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively | | | 29 | | | | 28 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 196,385 | | | | 193,499 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | | | 445 | | | | 408 | |
Accumulated deficit | | | (140,073 | ) | | | (136,555 | ) |
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Total stockholders’ equity | | | 56,786 | | | | 57,380 | |
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Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | | $ | 87,520 | | | $ | 85,194 | |
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See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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CALLIDUS SOFTWARE INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)
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| | Three Months Ended | |
| | March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | (Unaudited) | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | |
License revenues | | $ | 8,358 | | | $ | 6,958 | |
Maintenance and service revenues | | | 16,483 | | | | 9,999 | |
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Total revenues | | | 24,841 | | | | 16,957 | |
Cost of revenues: | | | | | | | | |
License revenues | | | 221 | | | | 136 | |
Maintenance and service revenues | | | 12,380 | | | | 7,780 | |
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Total cost of revenues | | | 12,601 | | | | 7,916 | |
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Gross profit | | | 12,240 | | | | 9,041 | |
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Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | |
Sales and marketing | | | 8,255 | | | | 6,190 | |
Research and development | | | 4,198 | | | | 3,570 | |
General and administrative | | | 3,902 | | | | 3,087 | |
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Total operating expenses | | | 16,355 | | | | 12,847 | |
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Operating loss | | | (4,115 | ) | | | (3,806 | ) |
Interest and other income | | | 769 | | | | 568 | |
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Loss before provision for income taxes | | | (3,346 | ) | | | (3,238 | ) |
Provision for income taxes | | | 21 | | | | — | |
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Loss before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle | | | (3,367 | ) | | | (3,238 | ) |
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Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle | | | — | | | | 128 | |
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Net loss | | $ | (3,367 | ) | | $ | (3,110 | ) |
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Net loss per share — basic and diluted | | | | | | | | |
Loss before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle | | $ | (0.12 | ) | | $ | (0.12 | ) |
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle | | | — | | | | 0.01 | |
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Net loss per share | | $ | (0.12 | ) | | $ | (0.11 | ) |
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Shares used in basic per share computation | | | 28,610 | | | | 27,116 | |
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Shares used in diluted per share computation | | | 28,610 | | | | 27,116 | |
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See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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CALLIDUS SOFTWARE INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
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| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | (Unaudited) | |
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (3,367 | ) | | $ | (3,110 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation and other amortization | | | 472 | | | | 418 | |
Provision for doubtful accounts and sales returns | | | 151 | | | | 500 | |
Stock-based compensation | | | 1,228 | | | | 1,209 | |
Loss on disposal of property | | | 2 | | | | 3 | |
Net (accretion) amortization on investments | | | (173 | ) | | | 21 | |
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle | | | — | | | | (128 | ) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Accounts receivable | | | 2,838 | | | | (529 | ) |
Prepaids and other current assets | | | 288 | | | | 264 | |
Other assets | | | 31 | | | | (9 | ) |
Accounts payable | | | 1,152 | | | | 560 | |
Accrued payroll and related expenses | | | (881 | ) | | | (2,594 | ) |
Accrued expenses | | | (2,111 | ) | | | 79 | |
Deferred revenue | | | 542 | | | | (562 | ) |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | | | 4,394 | | | | (3,878 | ) |
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Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Purchases of investments | | | (7,326 | ) | | | (19,808 | ) |
Proceeds from maturities and sale of investments | | | 10,500 | | | | 18,400 | |
Purchases of property and equipment | | | (278 | ) | | | (322 | ) |
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Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | | | 2,896 | | | | (1,730 | ) |
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Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock | | | 1,658 | | | | 1,106 | |
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Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 1,658 | | | | 1,106 | |
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Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | | | 19 | | | | (1 | ) |
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | 8,967 | | | | (4,503 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | | 12,082 | | | | 23,705 | |
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | 21,049 | | | $ | 19,202 | |
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See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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CALLIDUS SOFTWARE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on substantially the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Callidus Software Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules and regulations regarding interim financial statements. All amounts included herein related to the condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2007 and the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 are unaudited and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include all necessary adjustments for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for any subsequent interim period or for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2007.
Principles of Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Callidus Software Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, the Company), which include wholly-owned subsidiaries in Australia, Canada, Germany and the United Kingdom. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
Preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management periodically evaluates such estimates and assumptions for continued reasonableness. Appropriate adjustments, if any, to the estimates used are made prospectively based upon such periodic evaluation. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Valuation Accounts
Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company offsets gross trade accounts receivable with its allowance for doubtful accounts and sales return reserve. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existing accounts receivable. The Company reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts monthly. Past due balances over 90 days are reviewed individually for collectibility. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after reasonable means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The sales return reserve is the Company’s best estimate of the probable amount of remediation services it will have to provide for ongoing professional service arrangements. To determine the adequacy of the sales return reserve, the Company analyzes historical experience of actual remediation service claims as well as current information on remediation service requests. Provisions for allowance for doubtful accounts are recorded in general and administrative expenses, while provisions for sales returns are offset against maintenance and service revenues.
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Below is a summary of the changes in the Company’s valuation accounts for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 (in thousands):
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| | Balance at | | | Provision, | | | | | | | Balance at | |
| | Beginning | | | Net of | | | | | | | End of | |
| | of Period | | | Recoveries | | | Write-Offs | | | Period | |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Three months ended March 31, 2007 | | $ | 463 | | | $ | 20 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 483 | |
Three months ended March 31, 2006 | | | 480 | | | | 80 | | | | (5 | ) | | | 555 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Balance at | | | | | | | Remediation | | | Balance at | |
| | Beginning | | | | | | | Service | | | End of | |
| | of Period | | | Provision | | | Claims | | | Period | |
Sales return reserve | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Three months ended March 31, 2007 | | $ | 241 | | | $ | 131 | | | $ | (212 | ) | | $ | 160 | |
Three months ended March 31, 2006 | | | 310 | | | | 420 | | | | (473 | ) | | | 257 | |
Restricted Cash
Included in deposits and other assets in the consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 is restricted cash of $570,000, related to security deposits on leased facilities for our New York, New York and San Jose, California offices. The restricted cash represents investments in certificates of deposit and secured letters of credit required by landlords to meet security deposit requirements for the leased facilities. Restricted cash is included in other assets based on the contractual term for the release of the restriction.
Revenue Recognition
The Company generates revenues primarily by licensing software and providing related software maintenance and professional services to its customers. The Company also generates revenue by providing its software application as a service through its on-demand offerings.
The Company recognizes revenues in accordance with accounting standards for software and service companies. The Company will not recognize revenue until persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists and delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable and collection is deemed probable. The Company evaluates each of these criteria as follows:
Evidence of an Arrangement.The Company considers a non-cancelable agreement signed by it and the customer to be evidence of an arrangement.
Delivery.In perpetual licensing arrangements, the Company considers delivery to have occurred when media containing the licensed programs is provided to a common carrier, or in the case of electronic delivery, the customer is given access to the licensed programs. The Company’s typical end
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user license agreement does not include customer acceptance provisions. In on-demand arrangements, the Company considers delivery to have occurred when the service has been provided to the customer.
Fixed or Determinable Fee.The Company considers the fee to be fixed or determinable unless the fee is subject to refund or adjustment or is not payable within its standard payment terms. The Company considers payment terms greater than 90 days to be beyond its customary payment terms. If the fee is not fixed or determinable, the Company recognizes the revenue as amounts become due and payable.
In arrangements where the customer is obligated to pay at least 90% of the license amount within normal payment terms and the remaining 10% is to be paid within a year from the contract effective date, the Company will recognize the license revenue for the entire arrangement upon delivery assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. This policy is effective as long as the Company continues to maintain a history of providing similar terms to customers and collecting from those customers without providing any contractual concessions.
Collection is Deemed Probable.The Company conducts a credit review for all significant transactions at the time of the arrangement to determine the creditworthiness of the customer. Collection is deemed probable if the Company expects that the customer will be able to pay amounts under the arrangement as payments become due. If the Company determines that collection is not probable, the Company defers the recognition of revenue until cash collection.
Perpetual Licensing.The Company’s perpetual software arrangements typically include: (i) an end-user license fee paid in exchange for the use of its products, generally based on a specified number of payees, and (ii) a maintenance arrangement that provides for technical support and product updates, generally over renewable twelve month periods. If the Company is selected to provide integration and configuration services, then the software arrangement will also include professional services, generally priced on a time and materials basis. Depending upon the elements in the arrangement and the terms of the related agreement, the Company recognizes license revenues under either the residual or the contract accounting method.
Certain arrangements result in the payment of customer referral fees to third parties that resell the Company’s software products. In these arrangements, license revenues are recorded, net of such referral fees, at the time the software license has been delivered to a third-party reseller and an end-user customer has been identified.
Residual Method.License fees are recognized upon delivery whether licenses are sold separately from or together with integration and configuration services, provided that (i) the criteria described above have been met, (ii) payment of the license fees is not dependent upon performance of the integration and configuration services, and (iii) the services are not otherwise essential to the functionality of the software. The Company recognizes these license revenues using the residual method pursuant to the requirements of Statement of Position (SOP) 97-2,“Software Revenue Recognition,”as amended by SOP 98-9,“Software Revenue Recognition with Respect to Certain Transactions.”Under the residual method, revenues are recognized when vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value exists for all of the undelivered elements in the arrangement (i.e., professional services and maintenance), but does not exist for one or more of the delivered elements in the arrangement (i.e., the software product). Each license arrangement requires careful analysis to ensure that all of the individual elements in the license transaction have been identified, along with the fair value of each undelivered element.
The Company allocates revenue to each undelivered element based on its respective fair value, with the fair value determined by the price charged when that element is sold separately. For a certain class of transactions, the fair value of the maintenance portion of the Company’s arrangements is based on stated renewal rates rather than stand-alone sales. The fair value of the professional services portion of the arrangement is based on the hourly rates that the Company charges for these services when sold independently from a software license. If evidence of fair value cannot be established for the undelivered elements of a license agreement, the entire amount of revenue from the arrangement is deferred until evidence of fair value can be established, or until the items for which evidence of fair value cannot be
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established are delivered. If the only undelivered element is maintenance, then the entire amount of revenue is recognized over the maintenance delivery period.
Contract Accounting Method.For arrangements where services are considered essential to the functionality of the software, such as where the payment of the license fees is dependent upon performance of the services, both the license and services revenues are recognized in accordance with the provisions of SOP 81-1,“Accounting for Performance of Construction-Type and Certain Production-Type Contracts”(SOP 81-1). The Company generally uses the percentage-of-completion method because the Company is able to make reasonably dependable estimates relative to contract costs and the extent of progress toward completion. However, if the Company cannot make reasonably dependable estimates, the Company uses the completed-contract method. If total cost estimates exceed revenues, the Company accrues for the estimated loss on the arrangement.
In certain arrangements, the Company has provided for unique acceptance criteria associated with the delivery of consulting services. In these instances, the Company has recognized revenue in accordance with the provisions of SOP 81-1. To the extent there is contingent revenue in these arrangements, the Company measures the level of profit that is expected based on the non-contingent revenue and the total expected project costs. If the Company is assured of a certain level of profit excluding the contingent revenue, the Company recognizes the non-contingent revenue on a percentage-of-completion basis.
Maintenance Revenue.A customer typically pre-pays maintenance for the first twelve months, and the related revenues are deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the initial maintenance contract. Maintenance is renewable by the customer on an annual basis thereafter. Rates for maintenance, including subsequent renewal rates, are typically established based upon a specified percentage of net license fees as set forth in the arrangement.
Professional Service Revenue.Professional service revenues primarily consist of integration services related to the installation and configuration of the Company’s products as well as training. The Company’s installation and configuration services do not involve customization to, or development of, the underlying software code. Substantially all of the Company’s professional services arrangements are on a time and materials basis. For professional service arrangements with a fixed fee, the Company recognizes revenue utilizing the proportional performance method of accounting. The Company estimates the proportional performance on fixed fee contracts on a monthly basis utilizing hours incurred to date as a percentage of total estimated hours to complete the project. If the Company does not have a sufficient basis to measure progress toward completion, revenue is recognized upon completion of performance. To the extent the Company enters into a fixed-fee services contract, a loss will be recognized any time the total estimated project cost exceeds project revenues.
On-Demand Revenue.On-Demand revenues include both managed and hosted service offerings and are recorded as maintenance and services revenues in the Company’s statements of operations. The Company’s on-demand offerings allow its customers to outsource the operation and management of the Company’s software products to the Company. Managed services are generally sold under long-term renewable contracts with minimum purchase commitments. Revenues from the managed service offering are generally recognized on a time and materials basis for both the initial customer set-up and the ongoing operation and management of the software.
In hosted arrangements where the Company provides its software application as a service, the Company has considered Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 00-3 (EITF 00-3), “Application of AICPA Statement of Position 97-2 to Arrangements That Include the Right to Use Software Stored on Another Entity’s Hardware,”and has concluded that generally these transactions are considered service arrangements and fall outside of the scope of SOP 97-2. Accordingly, the Company follows the provisions of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104,“Revenue Recognition”and Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 00-21 (EITF 00-21),“Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables.”Customers will typically prepay for the Company’s hosted services, amounts which the Company will defer and recognize ratably over the non-cancelable term of the customer contract. In addition to the hosting services, these arrangements may also include implementation and configuration services, which are billed on a time and materials basis and
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recognized as revenues as the services are performed. The Company evaluates whether each of the elements in these arrangements represents a separate unit of accounting, as defined by EITF 00-21, using all applicable facts and circumstances, including whether (i) the Company sells or could readily sell the element unaccompanied by the other elements, (ii) the element has stand-alone value to the customer, (iii) there is objective reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered item and (iv) there is a general right of return.
For those arrangements where the elements qualify for separate units of accounting, the hosting revenues are recognized ratably over the contract term beginning on the service commencement date. Implementation and configuration services, when sold with the hosted offering, are recognized as the services are rendered for time and material contracts and they are recognized utilizing the proportional performance method of accounting for fixed price contracts. For arrangements with multiple deliverables, the Company allocates the total contractual arrangement to the separate units of accounting based on their relative fair values, as determined by the fair value of the undelivered and delivered items when sold separately.
If a consulting arrangement for implementation and configuration services associated with a hosted on-demand engagement does not qualify as a separate unit of accounting, the Company will recognize the revenue from implementation and configuration services ratably over the remaining non-cancelable term of the subscription contract once the implementation is complete. In addition, the Company would defer the direct costs of the implementation and configuration services and amortize those costs over the same time period as the related revenue is recognized. If the direct costs incurred for a contract exceed the non-cancelable contract value, then the Company would recognize a loss for incurred and projected direct costs in excess of the contract value. The deferred costs on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet for these consulting arrangements totaled $2.1 million and $2.0 million at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively. The deferred costs are included in prepaids and other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Included in the deferred costs for hosting arrangements is the deferral of commission payments to the Company’s direct sales force, which the Company would amortize over the non-cancelable term of the contract as the related revenue is recognized. The commission payments are a direct and incremental cost of the revenue arrangements. The deferral of commission expenditures related to the Company’s on-demand product offerings was $0.3 million and $0.2 million at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively.
Net Loss Per Share
Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss for the period by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period, less shares subject to repurchase. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss for the period by the weighted average common shares outstanding, adjusted for all dilutive potential common shares, which includes shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding common stock options and warrants to the extent these shares are dilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, the diluted net loss per share calculation was the same as the basic net loss per share calculation as all potential common shares were anti-dilutive.
Diluted net loss per share does not include the effect of the following potential weighted average common shares because to do so would be anti-dilutive for the periods presented (in thousands):
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| | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, |
| | 2007 | | 2006 |
Stock options | | | | 7,996 | | | | | 6,666 |
Restricted stock | | | | 5 | | | | | 28 |
Warrants | | | | 2 | | | | | 111 |
ESPP | | | | 67 | | | | | 73 |
| | | | |
Totals | | | | 8,070 | | | | | 6,878 |
| | | | |
The weighted-average exercise price of stock options excluded during the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 was $4.79 and $4.05 per share, respectively. The weighted average exercise price of warrants excluded during the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 was $13.34 and $5.09 per share, respectively.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Statement No. 157,“Fair Value Measurements”(SFAS 157). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements, as the FASB had previously concluded in those accounting pronouncements that fair value is the relevant measurement attribute. Accordingly, SFAS 157 does not require any new fair value measurements. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company will adopt the new accounting provisions as of January 1, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of SFAS 157 will have on its consolidated financial statements but does not expect the effect to be material.
In February 2007, the FASB issued FASB Statement No. 159,“The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities — Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115”(SFAS 159). SFAS 159 permits the Company to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. SFAS 159 is effective as of the beginning of the first fiscal year that begins after November 15, 2007. The Company will adopt the new accounting provisions as of January 1, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of SFAS 159 will have on its consolidated financial statements but does not expect the effect to be material.
2. Investments
The Company classifies debt and marketable equity securities based on the liquidity of the investment and management’s intention on the date of purchase and re-evaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. Debt and marketable equity securities are classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value, which is determined based on quoted market prices, with net unrealized gains and losses, net of tax effects, included in accumulated other comprehensive income in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company considers all investments that are available-for-sale that have a maturity date of longer than three months to be short-term investments, including those investments with a maturity date of longer than one year that are highly liquid and for which the Company does not have a positive intent to hold to maturity. Interest is included in interest and other income in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. Realized gains and losses are calculated using the specific identification method. The components of the Company’s debt and marketable equity securities were as follows for March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 (in thousands):
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Unrealized | | | Unrealized | | | | |
March 31, 2007 | | Cost | | | Gains | | | Losses | | | Fair Value | |
Auction rate securities and preferred stock | | $ | 14,075 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 14,075 | |
Corporate notes and obligations | | | 26,091 | | | | — | | | | (23 | ) | | | 26,068 | |
US government and agency obligations | | | 2,000 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investments in debt and equity securities | | $ | 42,166 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (23 | ) | | $ | 42,143 | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Unrealized | | | Unrealized | | | | |
December 31, 2006 | | Cost | | | Gains | | | Losses | | | Fair Value | |
Auction rate securities and preferred stock | | $ | 13,750 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 13,750 | |
Corporate notes and obligations | | | 29,129 | | | | — | | | | (37 | ) | | | 29,092 | |
US government and agency obligations | | | 500 | | | | — | | | | (2 | ) | | | 498 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investments in debt and equity securities | | $ | 43,379 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (39 | ) | | $ | 43,340 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Recorded as: | | | | | | | | |
Cash equivalents | | $ | 4,271 | | | $ | 2,483 | |
Short-term investments | | | 37,872 | | | | 40,857 | |
| | | | | | |
| | $ | 42,143 | | | $ | 43,340 | |
| | | | | | |
The Company invests in investment grade securities. The unrealized losses on these investments were caused by interest rate increases and not credit quality. At this time, the Company believes that, due to the nature of the investments, the financial condition of the issuers, and its ability and intent to hold the investments through these short-term loss positions, factors would not indicate that these unrealized losses should be viewed as “other-than-temporary.”
There were no realized gains or losses on the sales of these securities for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
3. Commitments and Contingencies
The Company is from time to time a party to various other litigation matters incidental to the conduct of its business, none of which, at the present time, is likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future financial results.
In accordance with SFAS No. 5,“Accounting for Contingencies”(SFAS 5), the Company records a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company reviews the need for any such liability on a quarterly basis and records any necessary adjustments to reflect the effects of ongoing negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to a particular case in the period they become known. At March 31, 2007, the Company had not recorded any such liabilities in accordance with SFAS 5. The Company believes that it has valid defenses with respect to the legal matters pending against the Company and that the probability of a loss under such matters is remote.
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Other Contingencies
The Company generally warrants that its products shall perform to its standard documentation. Under the Company’s standard warranty, should a product not perform as specified in the documentation within the warranty period, the Company will repair or replace the product or refund the license fee paid. Such warranties are accounted for in accordance with SFAS 5. To date, the Company has not incurred any costs related to warranty obligations.
The Company’s product license agreements typically include a limited indemnification provision for claims by third parties relating to the Company’s intellectual property. Such indemnification provisions are accounted for in accordance with FASB Interpretation No. 45,“Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others.”To date, the Company has not incurred any costs related to such indemnification provisions.
4. Segment, Geographic and Customer Information
SFAS No. 131,“Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information” establishes standards for the reporting by business enterprises of information about operating segments, products and services, geographic areas, and major customers. The method of determining what information is reported is based on the way that management organizes the operating segments within the Company for making operational decisions and assessments of financial performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is considered to be the Company’s chief executive officer (CEO). The CEO reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing financial performance. By this definition, the Company operates in one business segment, which is the development, marketing and sale of enterprise software. The Company’s TrueComp Suite is its only product line, which includes all of its software application products.
The following table summarizes revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 by geographic areas (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
United States | | $ | 20,842 | | | $ | 13,798 | |
Europe | | | 3,385 | | | | 387 | |
Asia Pacific | | | 614 | | | | 2,772 | |
| | | | | | |
| | $ | 24,841 | | | $ | 16,957 | |
| | | | | | |
Substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in the United States. Long-lived assets located outside the United States are not significant.
The following table summarizes revenues to significant customers (including resellers when product is sold through them to an end user) as a percentage of total revenues:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Customer 1 | | | 13 | % | | | — | % |
Customer 2 | | | 10 | % | | | 15 | % |
Customer 3 | | | 2 | % | | | 16 | % |
Customer 4 | | | 1 | % | | | 10 | % |
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5. Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) is the total of net income (loss), unrealized gains and losses on investments, and foreign currency translation adjustments. Unrealized gains and losses on investments and foreign currency translation adjustment amounts are excluded from net income (loss) and are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
The following table sets forth the components of other comprehensive income (loss) as of March 31, 2007 and 2006:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Net loss | | $ | (3,367 | ) | | $ | (3,110 | ) |
Other comprehensive income (loss): | | | | | | | | |
Change in unrealized loss on investments, net | | | 16 | | | | 55 | |
Change in cumulative translation adjustments | | | 19 | | | | 10 | |
| | | | | | |
Comprehensive loss | | $ | (3,332 | ) | | $ | (3,045 | ) |
| | | | | | |
6. Stock-based Compensation
Effective January 1, 2006, the Company began recording compensation expense associated with stock options and other forms of equity compensation in accordance with FASB Statement No. 123R (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment”(SFAS 123R), as interpreted by SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (SAB 107). SFAS 123R requires the recognition of the fair value of stock-based compensation in net income. Prior to January 1, 2006, the Company had adopted SFAS 123,“Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation”(SFAS 123), but in accordance with SFAS 123, had elected to account for stock options according to the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,”and related interpretations. Therefore, the Company recorded no related compensation expense for awards granted with no intrinsic value. In accordance with SFAS 123, the Company previously provided pro forma disclosure of the effect of using the fair value-based method of measuring stock-based compensation expense under SFAS 123 in its financial statement notes.
The Company elected the modified prospective transition method in adopting SFAS 123R. Under this method, the provisions of SFAS 123R apply only to awards granted or modified after the date of adoption. For awards granted prior to, but not yet vested at, the date of adoption of SFAS 123R, stock-based compensation is recognized in net income in the periods after the date of adoption based on the unrecognized expense calculated for pro-forma fair value disclosure under SFAS 123 using the same valuation method (i.e. Black-Scholes) and assumptions, as disclosed in the Company’s previous filings.
Upon adoption of SFAS 123R, compensation expense associated with stock options consists of the amortization expense related to the remaining unvested portion of all stock option awards granted prior to January 1, 2006 determined in accordance with SFAS 123 and the amortization related to all stock option awards granted subsequent to January 1, 2006 determined in accordance with SFAS 123R. In addition, the Company records expense over the offering period and the vesting term in connection with shares issued under its Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) and restricted stock. The compensation expense for stock-based compensation awards includes an estimate for forfeitures and is recognized over the expected term of the options using the straight-line method.
Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation costs were reported as operating cash flows. SFAS 123R requires that they be recorded as a financing cash inflow rather than as a reduction of taxes paid. For the quarter ended March 31, 2007, the Company had no excess tax benefits generated from option exercises. Due to the full valuation allowance for its net deferred
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tax assets, the Company has not recorded any tax benefit attributable to compensation expense associated with stock options and other forms of equity compensation in accordance with SFAS 123R. To determine excess tax benefit, the Company used the simplified method as set forth in the FASB Staff Position No. FAS 123R-3,"Transition Election Related to Accounting for the Tax Effects of Share-Based Payment Awards”.
Also, upon the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company recorded a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle of $128,000. The cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle resulted from the requirement of SFAS 123R to reduce the amount of stock-based compensation expense by an estimated forfeiture rate or, in other words, the estimated number of shares that are not expected to vest as a result of an employee terminating prior to becoming fully vested in an award. Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company did not reduce stock-based compensation expense based on an estimated forfeiture rate but rather recorded an adjustment to stock-based compensation as actual forfeitures occurred. The $128,000 recorded for the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle represents unearned compensation related to share-based awards granted prior to adoption date that were unvested and outstanding on the date of adoption of SFAS 123R.
Expense Summary
Under the provisions of FASB Statement No. 123R (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment”(SFAS 123R), $1.2 million of stock-based compensation expense was recorded for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Of the total stock-based compensation expense, approximately $1.0 million was related to stock options and $0.2 million was related to purchases of common stock under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). As of March 31, 2007, there was $9.5 million and $0.3 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options and the ESPP, respectively. This expense related to stock options and the ESPP is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.52 years and 0.55 year, respectively.
Determination of Fair Value
The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model and the assumptions noted in the following table. Because the Company has limited available data, the expected life of options is based on the simplified method as allowed by SAB 107. This simplified method averages an award’s weighted average vesting period and its contractual term. The expected volatility of stock options is calculated using a weighted combination of the historical volatility of the price of the Company’s common stock as well as the historical stock price volatility and implied volatility of traded options for similar entities’ common stock. The Company believes that this blended approach provides an appropriate estimate of the expected future volatility of the Company’s common stock over the expected life of its stock options. The expected volatility of the ESPP shares is calculated using the historical volatility of the price of the Company’s common stock. Expected volatilities of both options and common stock issued pursuant to the ESPP are based upon the expected terms of the options and common stock issued pursuant to the ESPP, respectively. The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield on a U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issue with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the related option. The dividend yield reflects that the Company has not paid any cash dividends since inception and does not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
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| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Stock Option Plans | | | | | | | | |
Expected life (in years) | | | 3.50 | | | | 6.00 | |
Risk-free interest rate | | 4.50% to 4.77% | | 4.36% to 4.70% |
Volatility | | | 54 | % | | | 60 | % |
Dividend Yield | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Employee Stock Purchase Plan | | | | | | | | |
Expected life (in years) | | | 0.49 to 1.00 | | | | 0.49 to 1.00 | |
Risk-free interest rate | | 5.05% to 5.16% | | 4.68% to 4.69% |
Volatility | | 33% to 37% | | 36% to 43% |
Dividend Yield | | | — | | | | — | |
Stockholder-Approved Stock Option Plans
The Company has two stock option plans approved by stockholders, the 1997 Stock Option Plan and the 2003 Stock Incentive Plan.
The incentive and nonstatutory options to purchase the Company’s common stock granted to employees under the 1997 Stock Option Plan generally vest over 4 years with a contractual term of 10 years. The vesting period generally equals the requisite service period of the individual grantees. Since the Company’s initial public offering, no options to purchase shares under the 1997 Stock Option Plan have been granted and all shares that remained available for future grant under this plan became available for issuance under the 2003 Stock Incentive Plan, as described below.
The 2003 Stock Incentive Plan became effective upon the completion of the Company’s initial public offering in November 2003. As of March 31, 2007, the Company was authorized to issue approximately 8,613,000 shares of common stock under the plan. Under the plan, the Company’s board of directors may grant stock options or other types of stock-based awards, such as restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock bonus awards or stock appreciation rights. Incentive stock options may be granted only to the Company’s employees. Nonstatutory stock options and other stock-based awards may be granted to employees, consultants or non-employee directors. These options vest as determined by the board, generally over 4 years. Formerly, the Company’s board of directors had approved a contractual term of 10 years, but effective April 24, 2006, the board of directors approved a reduction of the contractual term to 5 years for all future grants. The vesting period generally equals the requisite service period of the individual grantees. On July 1 of each year, the aggregate number of shares reserved for issuance under this plan increases automatically by a number of shares equal to the lesser of (i) 5% of the Company’s outstanding shares, (ii) 2,800,000 shares, or (iii) a lesser number of shares approved by the board.
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A summary of the status of the Company’s options under the 1997 Stock Option Plan and the 2003 Stock Incentive Plan are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Weighted | | | | |
| | Shares | | | Number of | | | Weighted | | | Average | | | | |
| | Available | | | Shares | | | Average | | | Remaining | | | Aggregate | |
| | for | | | Subject to | | | Exercise | | | Contractual | | | Intrinsic | |
| | Grant | | | Options | | | Price | | | Term (Years) | | | Value | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (in thousands) | |
Outstanding as of December 31, 2006 | | | 2,398,987 | | | | 6,452,905 | | | $ | 4.47 | | | | | | | | | |
Authorized | | | — | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Granted | | | (1,243,750 | ) | | | 1,243,750 | | | | 7.51 | | | | | | | | | |
Exercised | | | — | | | | (238,586 | ) | | | 2.36 | | | | | | | | | |
Forfeited | | | 72,127 | | | | (72,127 | ) | | | 4.99 | | | | | | | | | |
Expired | | | 5,004 | | | | (5,004 | ) | | | 13.85 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Outstanding as of March 31, 2007 | | | 1,232,368 | | | | 7,380,938 | | | $ | 5.04 | | | | 6.39 | | | $ | 20,578 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Vested and Expected to Vest as of March 31, 2007 | | | | | | | 6,357,860 | | | $ | 5.00 | | | | 6.41 | | | $ | 18,310 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Exercisable as of March 31, 2007 | | | | | | | 2,942,088 | | | $ | 4.53 | | | | 6.60 | | | $ | 10,723 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The weighted-average fair value of stock options granted during the quarters ended March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2006 was $3.28 and $2.60 per share, respectively. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the quarters ended March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2006 was $1.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively. The total cash received from employees as a result of stock option exercises was $0.6 million and $0.2 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2006, respectively. The Company settles employee stock option exercises with newly issued common shares.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In August 2003, the board of directors adopted the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) which became effective upon the completion of the Company’s initial public offering and is intended to qualify as an “employee stock purchase plan” under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. The ESPP is designed to enable eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at a discount on a periodic basis through payroll deductions. Each offering period will be for 12 months and will consist of two consecutive six-month purchase periods. The purchase price for shares of common stock purchased under the purchase plan will be 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the first day of the applicable offering period and the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the last day of each purchase period. The Company issued approximately 263,000 shares during the quarter ended March 31, 2007 under the ESPP. The weighted-average fair value of stock purchase rights granted under the ESPP during the quarters ended March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2006 was $2.17 and $1.29 per share, respectively.
Other Plan Awards
On May 31, 2005, the Company granted its chief executive officer an option to purchase 1,000,000 shares of its common stock with an exercise price of $3.45 per share, which was the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The agreement granting the option was issued as an inducement grant to a new employee under applicable NASDAQ Global Market Rules. This inducement grant did not require shareholder approval. The option has a contractual term of 10 years and vests over four years, with 25% of the shares subject to the option vesting on the first anniversary of the grant date and 1/48th vesting each month thereafter. The vesting period equals the requisite service period of the grant. The number of shares subject to outstanding options as of March 31, 2007 was 1 million with a weighted average exercise price of $3.45, a weighted average remaining contractual term of 8.17 years and an aggregate intrinsic value of $4.1 million. In addition, as of March 31, 2007, the number of vested and expected to vest shares was 0.9 million, with an aggregate intrinsic value of $3.8 million, while the number of shares exercisable was 0.5 million, with an aggregate intrinsic value of $1.9 million.
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7. Income Taxes
The Company adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 48,“Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”(FIN 48), on January 1, 2007. As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, the Company recognized an increase of $0.1 million in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits as well as incremental penalties and interest net of deductions of $41,000, the sum of which was accounted for as a decrease to the January 1, 2007 beginning balance of retained earnings. As of the date of adoption and after the impact of recognizing the increase in liability noted above, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits totaling $1.8 million, the recognition of which would affect the annual effective income tax rate. The Company does not anticipate that total unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change in the next twelve months.
The Company’s continuing practice is to recognize gross interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. The Company had $54,000 accrued for gross interest and penalties as of January 1, 2007.
The Company’s United States tax returns for tax years 2003 to 2006 remain subject to examination. Outside the United States, the Company’s tax filings remain subject to examination in the United Kingdom for tax years 2005 to 2006, in Germany for tax years 2002 to 2006, and in Australia for all tax years.
8. Related Party Transactions
In 2005, the Company entered into a service agreement with Saama Technologies, Inc. for software consulting services. William Binch, who was appointed to the Company’s Board of Directors in April 2005, is also currently a member of Saama’s board of directors. The Company had expenses of approximately $263,000 and $150,000 for services rendered by Saama for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion of financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto included in our Annual Report onForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 and with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report onForm 10-Q . This section of the Quarterly Report onForm 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements relate to our future plans, objectives, expectations, intentions and financial performance and the assumptions that underlie these statements. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the following: changes in and expectations with respect to license revenues and gross margins, new product launches, future operating expense levels, the impact of quarterly fluctuations of revenue and operating results, levels of recurring revenues, staffing and expense levels, and the adequacy of our capital resources to fund operations and growth. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause industry trends or our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, level of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these statements. Many of these trends and uncertainties are described in “Risk Factors” set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report onForm 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Quarterly Report onForm 10-Q.
Overview of the Results for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2007
We are a leading provider of Sales Performance Management (SPM) and Enterprise Incentive Management (EIM) software systems to global companies. Large enterprises use SPM/EIM systems to model, administer, analyze and report on sales performance or incentive management plans that compensate employees and distribution channel partners.
We sell our products both directly through our sales force and in conjunction with our strategic partners pursuant to perpetual or term software licenses. We also offer professional services, including configuration, integration and training, generally on a time and materials basis. We generate maintenance and support revenues associated with our product licenses, which are recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance agreement. In 2006, we began offering on-demand services to our customers. On-demand services allow customers to use our software products as a service by outsourcing the daily technical operation, maintenance, upgrades and other levels of support to us. We currently have two on-demand services offerings — hosted and managed services. Our hosted on-demand service allows customers to use our software products through a web interface rather than purchasing computer equipment and installing our software at their location. Our managed services on-demand offering allows customers with an on-premise installation of our software to outsource the operation and management of our software products to us. Revenues from on-demand services are recorded as maintenance and service revenues. Both of these on-demand offerings provide for recurring revenue streams, but remain subject to periodic adjustment or cancellation. Our managed services on-demand offering was launched in the first quarter of 2006 and our hosted on-demand offering was launched in the second quarter of 2006.
Revenue Growth
We experienced substantial revenue growth in the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the same period in 2006. Total revenues increased by 46% to $24.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the same period in 2006. The increase in total revenues was due to increases in both license revenues as well as maintenance and service revenues.
Our license revenues increased by 20% to $8.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the same period in 2006. The increase is due to a number of factors, including increased spending on our
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sales and marketing efforts, our relationship with SAP, a more strategic product offering that included the release of our Callidus TrueAnalytics product, and an improved macro-economic environment for software related spending.
In addition, maintenance and service revenues increased by 65% to $16.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the same period in 2006. We attribute the revenue growth to an increase in the number of configuration and implementation services engagements, including our on-demand hosted and managed services offerings, and additional maintenance contracts associated with sales of new licenses.
Increased Expenses to Support Growth Strategy
In an effort to accelerate revenue growth and extend our leadership position in the EIM market, we made a conscious decision beginning in 2006 to increase spending, primarily in sales and marketing and software development. Investments were made in expanding sales coverage internally and through the use of partners such as SAP both in the U.S. and internationally, the development of new products, on-demand solutions, new value-added consulting services, and increased marketing efforts. In addition, general and administration expenses increased as a result of compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
As a result of these efforts, operating expenses increased by 27% to $16.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the same period in 2006. Management believes these investments are in the best interests of the business.
Growth Strategy Continues but Expense Growth Should be Slower
For the remainder of 2007, we expect to maintain our management and operational focus on revenue growth. We expect the growth rate of operating expenses to slow as we seek to leverage the investments made in 2006.
Other Business Highlights
We released the beta version of our new TrueProducer™ product during the three months ended March 31, 2007. TrueProducer is a web-based application being developed for insurance carriers with large independent distribution channels or a large number of captive agents. It provides a 360 degree view of the details of every producer in an organization, including producer demographics, licenses, appointments, continuing education, contracts, and payment schedules, and seamlessly integrates with our other applications. This product is expected to officially be launched during the ACORD LOMA conference on May 21, 2007.
We continued to expand our global alliances ecosystem by adding complementary partners such as Princeton Softech, Sircon, Cognizant Technology Solutions, HighPoint- Solutions, Raintree Productions in South Africa, and CIS Mexico-Consultores de Integracion (CIS). CIS will promote and resell our software products throughout Mexico and Latin America.
In February 2007, we named Michael Graves as Senior Vice President, Engineering. Mr. Graves brings with him more than a decade of experience developing market-leading enterprise applications. Prior to joining us, Mr. Graves held various leadership positions at Oracle, most recently as vice president of development in Oracle’s Applications Division. Mr. Graves replaces Robert Warfield, our Chief Technology Officer, who will be leaving Callidus after a transition period.
Challenges and Risks
From a business perspective, we have a number of sales opportunities in process and additional opportunities coming from our sales pipeline; however, we continue to experience wide variances in the timing and size of our license transactions and the timing of revenue recognition resulting from greater flexibility in licensing terms, including our customers’ ability to select the delivery of our software via on-demand services. We believe one of our major remaining challenges is increasing prospective customers’
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prioritization of purchasing our products and services over competing IT projects. To address this challenge, we have set goals that include expanding our sales efforts, promoting our new on-demand services, and continuing to develop new products and enhancements to our TrueComp suite of products.
If we are unable to grow our revenues, we may be unable to achieve and sustain profitability. In addition to these risks, our future operating performance is subject to the risks and uncertainties described in “Risk Factors.”
Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations which follows is based upon our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The application of GAAP requires our management to make estimates that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosures regarding these items. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. In many instances, we could have reasonably used different accounting estimates, and in other instances changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from the estimates made by our management. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation of our financial condition or results of operations will be affected.
In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by GAAP and does not require management’s judgment in its application, while in other cases, management’s judgment is required in selecting among available alternative accounting standards that allow different accounting treatments for similar transactions. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving management’s judgments and estimates. Our management has reviewed these critical accounting policies, our use of estimates and the related disclosures with our audit committee.
Revenue Recognition
We generate revenues primarily by licensing software and providing related software maintenance and professional services to our customers. We also generate revenue by providing our software application as a service through our on—demand offerings.
We recognize revenues in accordance with accounting standards for software and service companies. We will not recognize revenue until persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable and collection is deemed probable. We evaluate each of these criteria as follows:
Evidence of an Arrangement.We consider a non-cancelable agreement signed by us and the customer to be evidence of an arrangement.
Delivery.In perpetual licensing arrangements, we consider delivery to have occurred when media containing the licensed programs is provided to a common carrier, or in the case of electronic delivery, the customer is given access to the licensed programs. Our typical end-user license agreement does not include customer acceptance provisions. In on-demand arrangements, we consider delivery to have occurred when the service has been provided to the customer.
Fixed or Determinable Fee.We consider the fee to be fixed or determinable unless the fee is subject to refund or adjustment or is not payable within our standard payment terms. We consider payment terms greater than 90 days to be beyond our customary payment terms. If the fee is not fixed or determinable, we recognize the revenue as amounts become due and payable.
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In arrangements where the customer is obligated to pay at least 90% of the license amount within normal payment terms and the remaining 10% is to be paid within a year from the contract effective date, we will recognize the license revenue for the entire arrangement upon delivery assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. This policy is effective as long as we continue to maintain a history of providing similar terms to customers and collecting from those customers without providing any contractual concessions.
Collection is Deemed Probable.We conduct a credit review for all significant transactions at the time of the arrangement to determine the creditworthiness of the customer. Collection is deemed probable if we expect that the customer will be able to pay amounts under the arrangement as payments become due. If we determine that collection is not probable, we defer the recognition of revenue until cash collection.
Perpetual Licensing.Our perpetual software arrangements typically include: (i) an end-user license fee paid in exchange for the use of our products, generally based on a specified number of payees, and (ii) a maintenance arrangement that provides for technical support and product updates, generally over renewable twelve month periods. If we are selected to provide integration and configuration services, then the software arrangement will also include professional services, generally priced on a time and materials basis. Depending upon the elements in the arrangement and the terms of the related agreement, we recognize license revenues under either the residual or the contract accounting method.
Certain arrangements result in the payment of customer referral fees to third parties that resell our software products. In these arrangements, license revenues are recorded, net of such referral fees, at the time the software license has been delivered to a third-party reseller and an end-user customer has been identified.
Residual Method.License fees are recognized upon delivery whether licenses are sold separately from or together with integration and configuration services, provided that (i) the criteria described above have been met, (ii) payment of the license fees is not dependent upon performance of the integration and configuration services, and (iii) the services are not otherwise essential to the functionality of the software. We recognize these license revenues using the residual method pursuant to the requirements of Statement of Position (SOP) 97-2,“Software Revenue Recognition,”as amended by SOP 98-9,“Software Revenue Recognition with Respect to Certain Transactions.”Under the residual method, revenues are recognized when vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value exists for all of the undelivered elements in the arrangement (i.e., professional services and maintenance), but does not exist for one or more of the delivered elements in the arrangement (i.e., the software product). Each license arrangement requires careful analysis to ensure that all of the individual elements in the license transaction have been identified, along with the fair value of each undelivered element.
We allocate revenue to each undelivered element based on its respective fair value, with the fair value determined by the price charged when that element is sold separately. For a certain class of transactions, the fair value of the maintenance portion of our arrangements is based on stated renewal rates rather than stand-alone sales. The fair value of the professional services portion of the arrangement is based on the hourly rates that we charge for these services when sold independently from a software license. If evidence of fair value cannot be established for the undelivered elements of a license agreement, the entire amount of revenue from the arrangement is deferred until evidence of fair value can be established, or until the items for which evidence of fair value cannot be established are delivered. If the only undelivered element is maintenance, then the entire amount of revenue is recognized over the maintenance delivery period.
Contract Accounting Method.For arrangements where services are considered essential to the functionality of the software, such as where the payment of the license fees is dependent upon performance of the services, both the license and services revenues are recognized in accordance with the provisions of SOP 81-1,“Accounting for Performance of Construction-Type and Certain Production-Type Contracts”(SOP 81-1). We generally use the percentage-of-completion method because we are able to make reasonably dependable estimates relative to contract costs and the extent of progress toward completion. However, if we cannot make reasonably dependable estimates, we use the completed-contract method. If total cost estimates exceed revenues, we accrue for the estimated loss on the arrangement.
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In certain arrangements, we have provided for unique acceptance criteria associated with the delivery of consulting services. In these instances, we have recognized revenue in accordance with the provisions of SOP 81-1. To the extent there is contingent revenue in these arrangements, we measure the level of profit that is expected based on the non-contingent revenue and the total expected project costs. If we are assured of a certain level of profit excluding the contingent revenue, we recognize the non-contingent revenue on a percentage-of-completion basis.
Maintenance Revenue.A customer typically pre-pays maintenance for the first twelve months, and the related revenues are deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the initial maintenance contract. Maintenance is renewable by the customer on an annual basis thereafter. Rates for maintenance, including subsequent renewal rates, are typically established based upon a specified percentage of net license fees as set forth in the arrangement.
Professional Service Revenue.Professional service revenues primarily consist of integration services related to the installation and configuration of our products as well as training. Our installation and configuration services do not involve customization to, or development of, the underlying software code. Substantially all of our professional services arrangements are on a time and materials basis. For professional service arrangements with a fixed fee, we recognize revenue utilizing the proportional performance method of accounting. We estimate the proportional performance on fixed fee contracts on a monthly basis utilizing hours incurred to date as a percentage of total estimated hours to complete the project. If we do not have a sufficient basis to measure progress toward completion, revenue is recognized upon completion of performance. To the extent we enter into a fixed-fee services contract, a loss will be recognized any time the total estimated project cost exceeds project revenues.
On-Demand Revenue.On-Demand revenues include both managed and hosted service offerings and are recorded as maintenance and services revenues in our statements of operations. Our on-demand offerings allow our customers to outsource the operation and management of our software products to us. Managed services are generally sold under long-term renewable contracts with minimum purchase commitments. Revenues from the managed service offering are generally recognized on a time and materials basis for both the initial customer set-up and the ongoing operation and management of the software.
In hosted arrangements where we provide our software application as a service, we considered Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 00-3 (EITF 00-3),“Application of AICPA Statement of Position 97-2 to Arrangements That Include the Right to Use Software Stored on Another Entity’s Hardware,” and concluded that generally these transactions are considered service arrangements and fall outside of the scope of SOP 97-2. Accordingly, we follow the provisions of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104,“Revenue Recognition”and Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 00-21 (EITF 00-21),“Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables.”Customers will typically prepay for our hosted services, amounts which we will defer and recognize ratably over the non-cancelable term of the customer contract. In addition to the hosting services, these arrangements may also include implementation and configuration services, which are billed on a time and materials basis and recognized as revenues as the services are performed. We evaluate whether each of the elements in these arrangements represents a separate unit of accounting, as defined by EITF 00-21, using all applicable facts and circumstances, including whether (i) we sell or could readily sell the element unaccompanied by the other elements, (ii) the element has stand-alone value to the customer, (iii) there is objective reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered item and (iv) there is a general right of return.
For those arrangements where the elements qualify for separate units of accounting, the hosting revenues are recognized ratably over the contract term beginning on the service commencement date. Implementation and configuration services, when sold with the hosted offering, are recognized as the services are rendered for time and material contracts and they are recognized utilizing the proportional performance method of accounting for fixed price contracts. For arrangements with multiple deliverables, we allocate the total contractual arrangement to the separate units of accounting based on their relative fair values, as determined by the fair value of the undelivered and delivered items when sold separately.
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If a consulting arrangement for implementation and configuration services associated with a hosted on-demand engagement does not qualify for separate accounting, we will recognize the revenue from implementation and configuration services ratably over the remaining non-cancelable term of the subscription contract once the implementation is complete. In addition, we defer the direct costs of the implementation and configuration services and amortize those costs over the same time period as the related revenue is recognized. If the direct costs incurred for a contract exceed the non-cancelable contract value, then we would recognize a loss for incurred and projected direct costs in excess of the contract value. The deferred costs on our condensed consolidated balance sheet for these consulting arrangements totaled $2.1 million and $2.0 million at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively. The deferred costs are included in prepaids and other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Included in the deferred costs for hosting arrangements is the deferral of commission payments to our direct sales force, which we amortize over the non-cancelable term of the contract as the related revenue is recognized. The commission payments are a direct and incremental cost of the revenue arrangements. The deferral of commission expenditures related to our hosted on-demand product offerings was $0.3 million and $0.2 million at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Sales Return Reserve
We must make estimates of the uncollectibility of accounts receivable. The allowance for doubtful accounts, which is netted against accounts receivable on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, totaled approximately $483,000 and $463,000 at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively. We record an increase in the allowance for doubtful accounts when the prospect of collecting a specific account receivable becomes doubtful. Management specifically analyzes accounts receivable and historical bad debt experience, customer creditworthiness, current economic trends, international situations (such as currency devaluation) and changes in our customer payment history when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. Should any of these factors change, the estimates made by management will also change, which could affect the level of our future provision for doubtful accounts. Specifically, if the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, affecting their ability to make payments, an additional provision for doubtful accounts may be required and such provision may be material.
We generally warrant that our services will be performed in accordance with the criteria agreed upon in a statement of work, which we generally execute with each applicable customer prior to commencing work. Should these services not be performed in accordance with the agreed upon criteria, we typically provide remediation services until such time as the criteria are met. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 48,“Revenue Recognition When Right of Return Exists,”management must use judgments and make estimates of sales return reserves related to potential future requirements to provide remediation services in connection with current period service revenues. When providing for sales return reserves, we analyze historical experience of actual remediation service claims as well as current information on remediation service requests as they are the primary indicators for estimating future service claims. Material differences may result in the amount and timing of our revenues if, for any period, actual returns differ from management’s judgments or estimates. The sales return reserve balance, which is netted against our accounts receivable on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, was approximately $160,000 and $241,000 at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation
FASB Statement No. 123R (revised 2004),“Share-Based Payment”(SFAS 123R), as interpreted by SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (SAB 107) requires the recognition of the fair value of stock-based compensation in net income. Stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options consists of the amortization related to the remaining unvested portion of all stock option awards granted prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R and the amortization related to all stock option awards granted subsequent to the adoption of SFAS 123R. In addition, we record expense over the offering period and the vesting term in connection with shares issued under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) and restricted stock. The
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compensation expense for stock-based compensation awards includes an estimate for forfeitures and is recognized over the expected term of the options using the straight-line method.
Income Taxes
We are subject to income taxes in both the United States and foreign jurisdictions and we use estimates in determining our provision for income taxes. This process involves estimating actual current tax liabilities together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are recorded on our balance sheet. Our deferred tax assets consist primarily of net operating loss carry forwards. We assess the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income, and a valuation allowance is recognized if it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be recognized. We maintained a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets at March 31, 2007. While we have considered future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance, in the event we were to determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax assets would increase net income in the period such determination was made. Although we believe that our tax estimates are reasonable, the ultimate tax determination involves significant judgment and is subject to audit by tax authorities in the ordinary course of business.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Statement No. 157,“Fair Value Measurements”(SFAS 157). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements, as the FASB had previously concluded in those accounting pronouncements that fair value is the relevant measurement attribute. Accordingly, SFAS 157 does not require any new fair value measurements. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We will adopt the new accounting provisions as of January 1, 2008. We are currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of SFAS 157 will have on our consolidated financial statements but do not expect the effect to be material.
In February 2007, the FASB issued FASB Statement No. 159,“The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities — Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115”(SFAS 159). SFAS 159 permits us to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. SFAS 159 is effective as of the beginning of the first fiscal year that begins after November 15, 2007. We will adopt the new accounting provisions as of January 1, 2008. We are currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of SFAS 159 will have on our consolidated financial statements but do not expect the effect to be material.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 and 2006
Revenues, cost of revenues and gross profit
The table below sets forth the changes in revenues, cost of revenues and gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006 (in thousands, except percentage data):
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three | | | | | | | Three | | | | | | | | | | | Percentage | |
| | Months | | | | | | | Months | | | | | | | | | | | of Dollar | |
| | Ended | | | Percentage | | | Ended | | | Percentage | | | Year to Year | | | Change | |
| | March 31, | | | of Total | | | March 31, | | | of Total | | | Increase | | | Year over | |
| | 2007 | | | Revenues | | �� | 2006 | | | Revenues | | | (Decrease) | | | Year | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
License | | $ | 8,358 | | | | 34 | % | | $ | 6,958 | | | | 41 | % | | $ | 1,400 | | | | 20 | % |
Maintenance and service | | | 16,483 | | | | 66 | % | | | 9,999 | | | | 59 | % | | | 6,484 | | | | 65 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | $ | 24,841 | | | | 100 | % | | $ | 16,957 | | | | 100 | % | | $ | 7,884 | | | | 46 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three | | | | | | | Three | | | | | | | | | | | Percentage | |
| | Months | | | | | | | Months | | | | | | | | | | | of Dollar | |
| | Ended | | | Percentage | | | Ended | | | Percentage | | | Year to Year | | | Change | |
| | March 31, | | | of Related | | | March 31, | | | of Related | | | Increase | | | Year over | |
| | 2007 | | | Revenues | | | 2006 | | | Revenues | | | (Decrease) | | | Year | |
Cost of revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
License | | $ | 221 | | | | 3 | % | | $ | 136 | | | | 2 | % | | $ | 85 | | | | 63 | % |
Maintenance and service | | | 12,380 | | | | 75 | % | | | 7,780 | | | | 78 | % | | | 4,600 | | | | 59 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total cost of revenues | | $ | 12,601 | | | | | | | $ | 7,916 | | | | | | | $ | 4,685 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross profit | | $ | 12,240 | | | | 49 | % | | $ | 9,041 | | | | 53 | % | | $ | 3,199 | | | | 35 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues
License Revenues.License revenues increased $1.4 million, or 20%, for the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase was primarily due to an increase in the average license revenue per transaction, which increased from $0.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2006 to $0.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2007. We had two transactions in the first quarter of 2007 with a license value over $1.0 million compared to three such transactions in the first quarter of 2006. We expect our license revenues to continue to fluctuate from quarter to quarter since we generally complete a relatively small number of transactions in a quarter and the revenue on those software license sales can vary widely.
Maintenance and Service Revenues.Maintenance and service revenues increased $6.5 million, or 65%, for the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase is primarily the result of an increase of $4.5 million in services delivery revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2007 due to an increase in the number of engagements for configuration and implementation services associated with new customer licenses. In addition, maintenance and on-demand revenues increased by $0.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2007. We plan to continue to invest in our new on-demand and other services offerings, but we can not predict how quickly, if at all, these offerings will achieve market acceptance. In addition, service revenues may be negatively affected to the extent our customers select a third-party to implement our software rather than us.
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Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin
Cost of License Revenues.Cost of license revenues increased $0.1 million, or 63%, for the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase was primarily the result of the increase in the average license revenue per transaction as discussed above. We expect license gross margins to remain at or above 95% for the remainder of 2007.
Cost of Maintenance and Service Revenues.Cost of maintenance and service revenues increased $4.6 million, or 59%, for the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase, both in absolute dollars and as a percentage of related revenues, is primarily due to the increase in related maintenance and service revenues as discussed above. In addition, we continue to invest in the growth of our on-demand offerings, which is recorded as cost of maintenance and service revenues.
Gross Margin.Our overall gross margin decreased from 53% for the three months ended March 31, 2006 to 49% for the three months ended March 31, 2007. The decrease in our gross margin is attributable primarily to the shift in revenue mix to lower margin maintenance and service revenues, which represented 66% of our total revenues in the three months ended March 31, 2007 as compared to 59% in the three months ended March 31, 2006. In the future, we expect our gross margins to fluctuate depending primarily on the mix of license versus maintenance and service revenues.
Operating Expenses
The table below sets forth the changes in operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006 (in thousands, except percentage data):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three | | | | | | | Three | | | | | | | | | | | Percentage | |
| | Months | | | | | | | Months | | | | | | | | | | | of Dollar | |
| | Ended | | | Percentage | | | Ended | | | Percentage | | | Year to Year | | | Change | |
| | March 31, | | | of Total | | | March 31, | | | of Total | | | Increase | | | Year over | |
| | 2007 | | | Revenues | | | 2006 | | | Revenues | | | (Decrease) | | | Year | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales and marketing | | $ | 8,255 | | | | 33 | % | | $ | 6,190 | | | | 37 | % | | $ | 2,065 | | | | 33 | % |
Research and development | | | 4,198 | | | | 17 | % | | | 3,570 | | | | 21 | % | | | 628 | | | | 18 | % |
General and administrative | | | 3,902 | | | | 16 | % | | | 3,087 | | | | 18 | % | | | 815 | | | | 26 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses | | $ | 16,355 | | | | 66 | % | | $ | 12,847 | | | | 76 | % | | $ | 3,508 | | | | 27 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales and Marketing.Sales and marketing expenses increased $2.1 million, or 33%, for the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase was primarily attributable to increases in personnel costs of $1.1 million, resulting primarily from an increase in headcount and an increase in commission payments due to increased sales. The increase was also driven by increases in partner selling fees of $0.6 million, travel and related expenses of $0.2 million, and contractor costs of $0.2 million. Excluding commissions and partner selling fees, which vary as a function of sales, when comparing the first quarter of 2007 to each of the remaining quarters of 2007, we expect sales and marketing expenses to increase as we invest in sales and marketing efforts to drive further revenue growth.
Research and Development.Research and development expenses increased $0.6 million, or 18%, for the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase was due to increases in personnel compensation-related costs of $0.7 million primarily due to headcount increases, offset by a decrease in professional fees of $0.1 million. The increase in personnel compensation-related costs includes $0.2 million in severance for the pending departure of Robert Warfield as our Chief Technology Officer. When comparing the first quarter of 2007 to each of the remaining quarters of 2007, we expect our research and development expense to decrease slightly due to the expensing of Robert Warfield’s severance in the first quarter of 2007.
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General and Administrative.General and administrative expenses increased $0.8 million, or 26%, for the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase was due to an increase of $0.8 million in professional fees to external auditors and consultants related in part to compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We expect general and administrative expenses to decrease for each of the remaining quarters in 2007 as compared to the first quarter as we are expecting reduced costs for our second year in complying with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Stock-Based Compensation
Operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 as discussed above include stock-based compensation expenses as follows.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three | | | Three | | | | | | | Percentage | |
| | Months | | | Months | | | | | | | of Dollar | |
| | Ended | | | Ended | | | Year to Year | | | Change | |
| | March 31, | | | March 31, | | | Increase | | | Year over | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | (Decrease) | | | Year | |
Stock-based compensation: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost of maintenance and service revenues | | $ | 261 | | | $ | 264 | | | $ | (3 | ) | | | (1 | )% |
Sales and marketing | | | 267 | | | | 266 | | | | 1 | | | | 0 | % |
Research and development | | | 325 | | | | 247 | | | | 78 | | | | 32 | % |
General and administrative | | | 375 | | | | 432 | | | | (57 | ) | | | (13 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total stock-based compensation | | $ | 1,228 | | | $ | 1,209 | | | $ | 19 | | | | 2 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total stock-based compensation expenses increased $19,000, or 2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase was primarily due to the expensing of Robert Warfield’s stock options as a result of his pending departure, partially offset by the decrease in the expensing of stock options issued during prior periods with higher fair values.
Other Items
The table below sets forth the changes in other items for the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006 (in thousands, except percentage data):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three | | | Three | | | | | | | Percentage | |
| | Months | | | Months | | | | | | | of Dollar | |
| | Ended | | | Ended | | | Year to Year | | | Change | |
| | March 31, | | | March 31, | | | Increase | | | Year over | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | (Decrease) | | | Year | |
Interest and other income | | $ | 769 | | | $ | 568 | | | $ | 201 | | | | 35 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Provision for income taxes | | $ | 21 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 21 | | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle | | $ | — | | | $ | 128 | | | $ | (128 | ) | | | (100 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Interest and Other Income
Interest and other income increased $0.2 million, or 35%, for the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006, respectively. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in interest income generated on our investments as a result of higher interest rates in the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006.
Provision for Income Taxes
Provision for income taxes was $21,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2007. Provision for income taxes was zero for the three months ended March 31, 2006. We maintained a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets based on the determination that it was more likely than not that the deferred tax assets would not be realized.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of March 31, 2007, we had $58.9 million of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments compared to $52.9 million as of December 31, 2006.
Net Cash Provided by/Used in Operating Activities.Net cash provided by operating activities was $4.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007, while net cash used in operating activities was $3.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. The significant cash receipts and outlays for the two periods are as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Cash collections | | $ | 29,031 | | | $ | 16,449 | |
Payroll related costs | | | (17,197 | ) | | | (15,320 | ) |
Professional services costs | | | (3,429 | ) | | | (1,599 | ) |
Employee expense reports | | | (1,812 | ) | | | (1,561 | ) |
Facilities related costs | | | (905 | ) | | | (876 | ) |
Third-party royalty payments | | | (188 | ) | | | (163 | ) |
Other | | | (1,106 | ) | | | (808 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | | $ | 4,394 | | | $ | (3,878 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $8.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase was primarily attributable to a $12.6 million increase in cash collections resulting from the timing of accounts receivable collections, offset by a $1.9 million increase in payroll related costs due to an increase in headcount, a $1.8 million increase in professional services related in part to compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and a $0.6 million increase in employee expense reports and other costs.
Net Cash Provided by/Used in Investing Activities.Net cash provided by investing activities was $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007, while net cash used in investing activities was $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. Net cash provided by investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2007 was primarily due to proceeds from maturities and sale of investments of $10.5 million, offset by purchases of investments of $7.3 million and purchases of property and equipment of $0.3 million, compared to purchases of investments of $19.8 million and purchases of property and equipment of $0.3 million, offset by proceeds from maturities and sale of investments of $18.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006.
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities.Net cash provided by financing activities was $1.7 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The net cash provided by financing activities for both periods was due to proceeds from the issuance of common stock.
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Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The following table summarizes our contractual cash obligations (in thousands) at March 31, 2007. Contractual cash obligations that are cancelable upon notice and without significant penalties are not included in the following table. In addition, we have unconditional purchase commitments for goods and services where payments are based, in part, on volume or type of services we require. In those cases, we only included the minimum volume or purchase commitment in the table below.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Payments due by Period | |
| | | | | | Remaining | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2012 | |
Contractual Obligations | | Total | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | and beyond | |
Operating lease commitments | | $ | 8,374 | | | $ | 1,894 | | | $ | 2,582 | | | $ | 2,368 | | | $ | 1,530 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unconditional purchase commitments | | $ | 2,162 | | | $ | 741 | | | $ | 1,010 | | | $ | 111 | | | $ | 100 | | | $ | 100 | | | $ | 100 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
With the exception of the above contractual cash obligations, we have no material off-balance sheet arrangements that have not been recorded in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
For our New York, New York and San Jose, California offices, we have two certificates of deposit totaling approximately $570,000 as of March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, pledged as collateral to secure letters of credit required by our landlords for security deposits.
We believe our existing cash and investment balances will be sufficient to meet our anticipated short-term and long-term cash requirements as well as the contractual obligations listed above. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including revenues we generate, the timing and extent of spending to support product development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the timing of introductions of new products and enhancements to existing products, market acceptance of our on-demand service offering, and the continuing market acceptance of our other products.
Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market risk represents the risk of loss that may affect our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily a result of fluctuations in interest rates and foreign exchange rates. We do not hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes.
Interest Rate Risk.We invest our cash in a variety of financial instruments, consisting primarily of investments in money market accounts, high quality corporate debt obligations or United States government obligations. Our investments are made in accordance with an investment policy approved by our Board of Directors. All of our investments are classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value, which is determined based on quoted market prices, with net unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Investments in both fixed rate and floating rate interest earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Fixed rate securities may have their fair market value adversely affected due to a rise in interest rates, while floating rate securities, that typically have a shorter duration, may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our investment income may decrease in the future due to changes in interest rates. At March 31, 2007, the average maturity of our investments was approximately three months and all investment securities had maturities of less than twenty-four months. The following table presents certain information about our financial instruments at March 31, 2007 that are sensitive to changes in interest rates (in thousands, except for interest rates):
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Expected Maturity | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Total | | | Total | |
| | 1 Year | | | More Than | | | Principal | | | Fair | |
| | or Less | | | 1 Year | | | Amount | | | Value | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale securities | | $ | 41,161 | | | $ | 1,005 | | | $ | 42,166 | | | $ | 42,143 | |
Weighted average interest rate | | | 5.61 | % | | | 5.21 | % | | | | | | | | |
Our exposure to market risk also relates to the increase or decrease in the amount of interest expense we must pay on our outstanding debt instruments. As of March 31, 2007, we had no outstanding indebtedness for borrowed money. Therefore, we currently have no exposure to market risk related to debt instruments. To the extent we enter into or issue debt instruments in the future, we will have interest expense market risk.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk.Our revenues and our expenses, except those related to our United Kingdom, Germany and Australia operations, are generally denominated in United States dollars. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, we earned approximately 16% of our revenue from our international operations. Of this revenue from our international operations, 15% was denominated in United States dollars. As a result, we have relatively little exposure to currency exchange risks and foreign exchange losses have been minimal to date. We expect to continue to do a majority of our business in United States dollars.
Occasionally, we may enter into forward exchange contracts to reduce our exposure to currency fluctuations on our foreign currency exposures. The objective of these contracts is to minimize the impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements on our operating results. We do not use these contracts for speculative or trading purposes.
As of March 31, 2007, we had an aggregate of $0.4 million (notional amount) of outstanding short-term foreign currency forward exchange contracts denominated in British pounds.
Unrealized gains and losses related to our forward exchange contracts were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2007. We do not anticipate any material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows resulting from the use of these instruments in the future. However, we cannot provide any assurance that our foreign investment strategies will be effective or that transaction losses can be minimized or forecasted accurately. In particular, generally, we hedge only a portion of our foreign currency exchange exposure. We cannot assure you that our hedging activities will eliminate foreign exchange rate exposure. Failure to do so could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.
The following table provides information about our foreign currency forward exchange contracts as of March 31, 2007. All of our foreign currency forward exchange contracts mature within the next 12 months.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 | |
| | | | | | Average | | | | |
| | Notional | | | contract | | | Estimated | |
| | Amount | | | rate | | | fair value | |
| | (In thousands except contract rates) | |
Foreign currency forward contracts: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
British pounds | | $ | 433 | | | | 1.9710 | | | $ | 2 | |
Item 4.Controls and Procedures
Our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, have concluded that as of
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the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were adequate and designed to ensure that material information related to us and our consolidated subsidiaries would be made known to them by others within these entities.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.Legal Proceedings
We are from time to time a party to various litigation matters incidental to the conduct of our business, none of which, at the present time is likely to have a material adverse effect on our future financial results.
In accordance with SFAS No. 5,“Accounting for Contingencies”(SFAS 5), we record a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. We review the need for any such liability on a quarterly basis and record any necessary adjustments to reflect the effects of ongoing negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to a particular case in the period they become known. At March 31, 2007, we have not recorded any such liabilities in accordance with SFAS 5. We believe that we have valid defenses with respect to the legal matters pending against us and that the probability of a loss under such matters is remote.
Item 1A.Risk Factors
Factors That Could Affect Future Results
We operate in a dynamic and rapidly changing environment that involves numerous risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report onForm 10-Q. Because of the following factors, as well as other variables affecting our operating results, past financial performance should not be considered a reliable indicator of future performance, and investors should not use historical trends to anticipate results or trends in future periods.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS
We have a history of losses, and we cannot assure you that we will achieve and sustain profitability.
We incurred net losses of $3.4 million in the first quarter of 2007 as well as $8.7 million, $8.6 million and $25.5 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. We expect that our reported expenses will increase in 2007 as we expand our operations domestically and internationally and as we increase the number of our product offerings. Consequently, we cannot assure that we will achieve or sustain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis in the future. If we cannot increase our license and maintenance and services revenues to compensate for our greater operating expenses, our future results of operations and financial condition will be negatively affected.
Our quarterly license revenues remain largely dependent on a relatively small number of license transactions involving sales of our products to new customers, and any delay or failure in closing one or more of these transactions could adversely affect our results of operations.
Our quarterly license revenues are typically dependent upon the closing of a relatively small number of transactions involving perpetual licensing of our products to new customers. As such, variations in the rate and timing of conversion of sales prospects into license revenues could result in our failure to meet revenue objectives or achieve or maintain profitability in future periods. In addition, we generally recognize the bulk of our license revenues for a given sale either at the time we enter into the agreement and deliver the product, or over the period in which we perform any services that are essential to the functionality of the product. Unexpected changes in the size of transactions or other contractual terms late in the negotiation process or changes in the mix of contracts we enter into, including increases in our on-demand solution for
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which revenues are included in our maintenance and services revenues, could therefore materially and adversely affect our license revenues in a quarter. Delays or reductions in the amount of customers’ purchases or when we recognize revenues would adversely affect our revenues, results of operations and financial condition.
Our success depends upon our ability to develop new products and enhance our existing products. Failure to successfully introduce new or enhanced products may adversely affect our operating results.
The enterprise application software market is characterized by:
| • | | Rapid technological advances in hardware and software development; |
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| • | | evolving standards in computer hardware, software technology and communications infrastructure; |
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| • | | changing customer needs; and |
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| • | | frequent new product introductions and enhancements. |
To keep pace with technological developments, satisfy increasingly sophisticated customer requirements, achieve market acceptance and effectively respond to competitive product introductions, we must quickly identify emerging trends and requirements, accurately define and design enhancements and improvements for existing products and timely introduce new products and services. Accelerated product introductions and short product life cycles require high levels of expenditures for research and development that could adversely affect our operating results. Further, any new products we develop may not be introduced in a timely manner and may not achieve the broad market acceptance necessary to generate significant revenues. If we are unable to successfully and timely develop new products or enhance existing products or if we fail to position and price our products to meet market demand, our business and operating results will be adversely affected.
Our quarterly revenues and operating results are unpredictable and are likely to continue to fluctuate substantially, which may harm our results of operations.
Our revenues, particularly our license revenues, are extremely difficult to forecast and are likely to fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter due to a number of factors, many of which are wholly or partially beyond our control. For example, in the first six months of 2005 and throughout 2004, our license revenues were substantially lower than expected due to purchasing delays by our customers and our failure to close transactions resulting in significant net losses. Conversely, our license revenues from mid-2005 through the first quarter of 2007 were greater than in prior periods primarily as a result of closing more and larger transactions, but there is no assurance that we will continue the recent revenue growth.
Accordingly, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations are not meaningful and should not be relied upon as indicators of future performance.
Factors that may cause our quarterly revenue and operating results to fluctuate include:
| • | | The discretionary nature of our customers’ purchase and budget cycles and changes in their budgets for software and related purchases; |
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| • | | the priority our customers place on the purchase of our products as compared to other information technology and capital acquisitions; |
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| • | | competitive conditions in our industry, including new products, product announcements and discounted pricing or special payment terms offered by our competitors; |
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| • | | customers selection of our on-demand solution, under which we recognize revenue as part of |
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| | | maintenance and consulting services over the term of the agreement, versus traditional perpetual license revenue which is typically recognized in the quarter in which the transaction closes; |
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| • | | our ability to hire, train and retain appropriate sales and professional services staff; |
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| • | | varying size, timing and contractual terms of orders for our products, which may delay the recognition of revenues; |
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| • | | indeterminate and often lengthy sales cycles; |
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| • | | strategic decisions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions, divestitures, spin-offs, joint ventures, strategic investments or changes in business strategy; |
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| • | | merger and acquisition activities among our customers which may alter their buying patterns; |
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| • | | our ability to timely complete our service obligations related to product sales; |
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| • | | the utilization rate of our professional services personnel and the degree to which we use third-party consulting services; |
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| • | | changes in the average selling prices of our products; |
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| • | | timing of product development and new product initiatives; |
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| • | | increased operating expenses associated with channel sales, increased product development efforts, and Sarbanes-Oxley compliance; |
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| • | | customers’ concerns regarding Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404 compliance and implementing large, enterprise-wide deployments of products, including our products; and |
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| • | | changes in the mix of revenues attributable to higher-margin product license revenues as opposed to substantially lower-margin maintenance and service revenues. |
If our on-demand offerings fail to achieve broad market acceptance, or if we are unable to offer these services on a profitable basis, our operating results could be adversely affected.
We have invested, and expect to continue to invest, substantial resources to launch, market, and implement our on-demand offerings, as we believe these offerings provide an attractive alternative to purchasing a perpetual license, and they will allow us to build recurring revenues. As we continue to roll out our on-demand services, there is a risk of confusion in the market over the alternative ways to purchase our software, which could result in delayed sales. In addition, there is a risk that customers that would otherwise purchase a perpetual license may opt for our on-demand services, possibly late in the sales cycle. To the extent our on-demand offerings result in a shift away from perpetual licenses, our revenue and operating results will be adversely affected. We are continuing to experiment with pricing and volume of our on-demand services, and we do not know when or if we will be able to offer these services on a profitable basis. If our on-demand services do not achieve broad market acceptance, or if we are not able to offer them on a profitable basis, our operating results may be materially and adversely affected.
Our products have long sales cycles, which makes it difficult to plan our expenses and forecast our results.
The sales cycles for perpetual licenses of our products have historically averaged between six and twelve months, and longer in some cases, to complete. While the sales cycles for our on-demand solution may be shorter, the market for such products is still evolving and it is difficult to determine with any certainty how long such sales cycles will be in the future. Consequently, it remains difficult to predict the quarter in which a particular sale will close and to plan expenditures accordingly. The period between our
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initial contact with a potential customer and its purchase of our products and services is relatively long due to several factors, including:
| • | | The complex nature of our products and services; |
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| • | | the need to educate potential customers about the uses and benefits of our products and services; |
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| • | | the requirement that a potential customer invest significant resources in connection with the purchase and implementation of our products and services; |
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| • | | budget cycles of our potential customers that affect the timing of purchases; |
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| • | | customer requirements for competitive evaluation and internal approval before purchasing our products and services; |
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| • | | potential delays of purchases due to announcements or planned introductions of new products and services by us or our competitors; and |
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| • | | the lengthy approval processes of our potential customers, many of which are large organizations. |
The failure to complete sales in a particular quarter would reduce our revenues in that quarter, as well as any subsequent quarters over which revenues for the sale would likely be recognized. Given that our license revenues are dependent on a relatively small number of transactions, any unexpected lengthening in general or for one or more large orders would adversely affect the timing and amount of our revenues.
In addition, our management makes assumptions and estimates as to the timing and amount of future revenues in budgeting future operating costs and capital expenditures based on estimated closing dates and potential dollar amounts of transactions. Management aggregates these estimates periodically to generate our sales forecasts and then evaluates the forecasts to identify trends. Although we closely monitor our expenses to align our costs with the expected receipt and amount of revenues, our costs are relatively fixed in the short term. As a result, failure to complete one or more license transactions during a particular quarter would cause our quarterly results of operations to be worse than anticipated.
Professional services comprise a substantial portion of our revenues and to the extent our customers choose to use other services providers, our revenues and operating results may decline.
A substantial portion of our revenues are derived from the performance of professional services, primarily implementation, configuration, training and other consulting services in connection with new product licenses and other ongoing projects. However, there are a number of third party service providers available who offer these professional services and we do not require that our customers use our professional services. To the extent our customers choose to use third party service providers over us or perform these professional services themselves, our revenues and operating income may decline, possibly significantly.
If we are unable to hire and retain qualified employees including sales, professional services, and engineering personnel, our growth may be impaired.
To grow our business successfully and maintain a high level of quality, we need to recruit, retain and motivate additional highly skilled employees in all areas of our business and sales, professional services, and engineering personnel, in particular. If we are unable to hire and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees, our ability to grow our business will be impaired. In particular, as a company focused on the development of complex products, we are often in need of additional software developers and engineers. Moreover, as our customer base increases, we are likely to experience staffing constraints in connection with the deployment of trained and experienced professional services resources capable of implementing, configuring and maintaining our software for existing customers looking to migrate to more current versions of our products as well as new customers requiring installation support.
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Our latest product features and functionality may require existing customers to migrate to more recent versions of our software. Moreover, we may choose to or be compelled to discontinue maintenance support for older versions of our software products, forcing customers to upgrade their software in order to continue receiving maintenance support. If existing customers fail or delay to migrate to newer versions of our software, our revenues may be harmed.
We plan to pursue sales of new product modules to existing perpetual license customers of our TrueComp software. Hosted on-demand customers are automatically upgraded to the latest releases of our products under the terms of their agreements. To take advantage of new features and functionality in our latest modules, most of our perpetual license customers will need to migrate to a more current version of our products. We also expect to periodically terminate maintenance support on older versions of our products for various reasons including, without limitation, termination of support by third party software vendors whose products complement ours or upon which we are dependent. Termination of maintenance may force our perpetual license customers to migrate to more current versions of our software. Regardless of the reason, upgrading to more current versions of our products is likely to involve additional cost, which our customers may decline to incur or delay incurring. If a sufficient number of our customers do not migrate to newer versions of our software, our continued maintenance support opportunities and our ability to sell additional products to these customers, and as a result, our revenues and operating income, may be harmed, possibly significantly.
If we do not compete effectively with competitors, our revenues may not grow and could decline.
We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, intense competition from a number of software companies. We compete principally with vendors of EIM software, enterprise resource planning software, and customer relationship management software. Our competitors may announce new products, services or enhancements that better meet the needs of customers or changing industry standards. Increased competition may cause price reductions, reduced gross margins and loss of market share, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Many of our enterprise resource planning competitors and other potential competitors have significantly greater financial, technical, marketing, service and other resources. Many also have a larger installed base of users, longer operating histories or greater name recognition. Some of our competitors’ products may also be more effective at performing particular EIM system functions or may be more customized for particular customer needs in a given market. Even if our competitors provide products with less EIM system functionality than our products, these products may incorporate other capabilities, such as recording and accounting for transactions, customer orders or inventory management data. A product that performs these functions, as well as some of the functions of our software solutions, may be appealing to some customers because it would reduce the number of software applications used to run their business.
Our products must be integrated with software provided by a number of our existing or potential competitors. These competitors could alter their products in ways that inhibit integration with our products, or they could deny or delay our access to advance software releases, which would restrict our ability to adapt our products for integration with their new releases and could result in lost sales opportunities.
Our maintenance and service revenues produce substantially lower gross margins than our license revenues, and decreases in license revenues relative to service revenues have harmed, and may continue to harm, our overall gross margins.
Our maintenance and service revenues, which include fees for consulting, implementation, maintenance and training, as well as fees for our on-demand services beginning in 2006, were 66% of our revenues for the first quarter of 2007 and 64%, 71% and 78% of our revenues for years 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Our maintenance and service revenues have substantially lower gross margins than our license revenues. Failure to increase our higher margin license revenues in the future would adversely affect our gross margin and operating results.
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Historically, maintenance and service revenues as a percentage of total revenues have varied significantly from period to period due to fluctuations in licensing revenues, changes in the average selling prices for our products and services, and competitive service providers. In addition, the volume and profitability of services can depend in large part upon:
| • | | Competitive pricing pressure on the rates that we can charge for our professional services; |
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| • | | the complexity of the customers’ information technology environment; |
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| • | | the resources directed by customers to their implementation projects; and |
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| • | | the extent to which outside consulting organizations provide services directly to customers. |
As an example of more recent competitive pressure on our services offerings, many of our potential customers have begun to outsource technology projects offshore to take advantage of lower labor costs. Additionally, as we extend our customer base internationally, market rates for the types of professional services we offer are typically less abroad than the rates we charge domestically. Consequently, we expect some customers to demand lower hourly rates for the professional services we provide, which may erode our margins for our maintenance and service revenues or result in lost business.
We expect maintenance and services revenue to continue to comprise a majority of our overall revenues for the foreseeable future and any erosion of our margins for our maintenance and service revenue would adversely affect our operating results.
Managing large-scale deployments of our products requires substantial technical implementation and support by us or third-party service providers. Failure to meet these requirements could cause a decline or delay in recognition of our revenues and an increase in our expenses.
Our customers regularly require large, often enterprise-wide deployments of our products, which require a substantial degree of technical and logistical expertise to implement and support. It may be difficult for us to manage these deployments, including the timely allocation of personnel and resources by us and our customers. Failure to successfully manage the process could harm our reputation both generally and with specific customers and may cause us to lose existing customers, face potential customer disputes or limit the number of new customers that purchase our products, each of which could adversely affect our revenues and increase our technical support and litigation costs. For example, in the fourth quarter of 2005, we deferred recognition of approximately $0.8 million of service revenue due to single customer dispute for an implementation project. This dispute has yet to be resolved.
Our software license customers have the option to receive implementation, maintenance, training and consulting services from our internal professional services organization or from outside consulting organizations. In the future, we may be required to increase our use of third-party service providers to help meet our implementation and service obligations. If we require a greater number of third-party service providers than are currently available, we will be required to negotiate additional arrangements, which may result in lower gross margins for maintenance or service revenues.
If implementation services are not provided successfully and in a timely manner, our customers may experience increased costs and errors, which may result in customer dissatisfaction and costly remediation and litigation, any of which could adversely impact our reputation, operating results and financial condition.
A substantial majority of our revenues are derived from our TrueComp software application and related products and services and a decline in sales of these products and services could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
We derive, and expect to continue to derive, a substantial majority of our revenues from our TrueComp product and related products and services. Because we have historically sold our product licenses on a
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perpetual basis and delivered new versions and enhancements to customers who purchase maintenance contracts, our future license revenues are substantially dependent on new customer sales. We have recently introduced our products on a service-based subscription model, but these services still consist substantially of providing our TrueComp product. In addition, substantially all of our TrueInformation product sales have historically been made in connection with TrueComp sales. As a result of these factors, we are particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in demand for TrueComp. Accordingly, if demand for TrueComp and related products and services declines significantly, our business and operating results will be adversely affected.
If we reduce prices or alter our payment terms to compete successfully, our margins and operating results may be adversely affected.
The intensely competitive market in which we do business may require us to reduce our prices and/or modify our traditional licensing revenue generation strategies in ways that may delay revenue recognition on all or a portion of our licensing transactions. For example, we recently introduced a hosted offering of our product to be sold on a subscription basis in an effort to gain customers that are not interested in the investment of purchasing a perpetual license, which results in ratable service revenues over time as opposed to up-front perpetual license revenues. If our competitors offer deep discounts on competitive products or services, we may be required to lower prices or offer other terms more favorable to our customers in order to compete successfully. Some of our competitors may bundle their software products that compete with ours with their other products and services for promotional purposes or as a long-term pricing strategy or provide guarantees of prices and product implementations. These practices could, over time, limit the prices that we can charge for our products. If we cannot offset price reductions and other terms more favorable to our customers with a corresponding increase in the number of sales or decreased spending, then the reduced revenues resulting from lower prices or revenue recognition delays would adversely affect our margins and operating results.
Our products depend on the technology of third parties licensed to us that are necessary for our applications to operate and the loss or inability to maintain these licenses, errors in such software, or discontinuation or updates to such software could result in increased costs or delayed sales of our products.
We license technology from several software providers for our rules engine, analytics, web viewer and quota management application, and we anticipate that we will continue to do so. We also rely on generally available third party software such as WebSphere and WebLogic to run our applications. Any of these software applications may not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all, or new versions may be released that are incompatible with our prior or existing software releases. Some of the products could be difficult to replace, and developing or integrating new software with our products could require months or years of design and engineering work. The loss or modification of any of these technologies could result in delays in the license of our products until equivalent technology is developed or, if available, is identified, licensed and integrated. For example, we entered into an agreement to license our quota management software application from Hyperion Solutions, Inc. in the fourth quarter of 2006. Hyperion Solutions, Inc. has announced that it has agreed to an acquisition by one of our competitors, Oracle Corporation. There is no assurance upon completion of this acquisition that we will receive the benefits we contemplated when we entered into this partnership arrangement.
In addition, our products depend upon the successful operation of third-party products in conjunction with our products, and therefore any undetected errors in these products could prevent the implementation or impair the functionality of our products, delay new product introductions and/or injure our reputation. Our use of additional or alternative third-party software that require us to enter into license agreements with third parties could result in new or higher royalty payments.
Errors in our products could be costly to correct, adversely affect our reputation and impair our ability to sell our products.
Our products are complex and, accordingly, they may contain errors, or “bugs,” that could be detected
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at any point in their product life cycle. While we continually test our products for errors and work with customers to timely identify and correct bugs, errors in our products are likely to be found in the future. Any errors could be extremely costly to correct, materially and adversely affect our reputation, and impair our ability to sell our products. Moreover, customers relying on our products to calculate and pay incentive compensation may have a greater sensitivity to product errors and security vulnerabilities than customers for software products in general. If we incur substantial costs to correct any product errors, our operating margins would be adversely affected.
Because our customers depend on our software for their critical business functions, any interruptions could result in:
| • | | Lost or delayed market acceptance and sales of our products; |
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| • | | product liability suits against us; |
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| • | | diversion of development resources; and |
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| • | | substantially greater service and warranty costs. |
Our revenues might be harmed by resistance to adoption of our software by information technology departments.
Some potential customers have already made a substantial investment in third-party or internally developed software designed to model, administer, analyze and report on pay-for-performance programs. These companies may be reluctant to abandon these investments in favor of our software. In addition, information technology departments of potential customers may resist purchasing our software solutions for a variety of other reasons, particularly the potential displacement of their historical role in creating and running software and concerns that packaged software products are not sufficiently customizable for their enterprises.
We have experienced changes in our senior management team from time-to-time. The loss of key personnel or the inability of replacements to quickly and successfully perform in their new roles could adversely affect our business.
During 2005, we experienced numerous changes in our executive management team, most notably the hiring of Robert Youngjohns as our President and Chief Executive Officer, Shanker Trivedi as our Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer, and Leslie Stretch as our Vice President, Worldwide Sales. In addition, we hired V. Holly Albert in August 2006 as our Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary as well as Michael Graves in February 2007 as our Senior Vice President, Engineering. All of our existing personnel, including our executive officers, are employed on an “at will” basis and changes such as those that occurred in the recent past remain possible. If we lose or terminate the services of one or more of our current executives or key employees or if one or more of our current or former executives or key employees joins a competitor or otherwise competes with us, it could harm our business and our ability to successfully implement our business plan. Additionally, if we are unable to timely hire qualified replacements for our executive and other key positions, our ability to execute our business plan would be harmed. Even if we can timely hire qualified replacements, we would expect to experience operational disruptions and inefficiencies during any transition.
We may lose sales opportunities and our business may be harmed if we do not successfully develop and maintain strategic relationships to implement and sell our products.
We have relationships with third-party consulting firms, systems integrators and software vendors. These third parties may provide us with customer referrals, cooperate with us in the design, sales and/or marketing of our products, provide valuable insights into market demands and provide our customers with systems implementation services or overall program management. However, we do not have formal agreements governing our ongoing relationship with certain of these third-party providers and the
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agreements we do have generally do not include obligations with respect to generating sales opportunities or cooperating on future business. In addition, certain of our strategic relationships require that we pay substantial commissions on sales of our products, which could adversely affect our operating margins. Should any of these third parties go out of business or choose not to work with us, we may be forced to develop all or a portion of those capabilities internally, incurring significant expense and adversely affecting our operating margins. Any of our third-party providers may offer products of other companies, including products that compete with our products. If we do not successfully and efficiently establish, maintain, and expand our industry relationships with influential market participants, we could lose sales and service opportunities which would adversely affect our results of operations.
Breaches of security or failure to safeguard customer data could create the perception that our services are not secure causing customers to discontinue or reject the use of our services and could subject us to significant liability.
We provide an on-demand service whereby our customers access our software and transmit confidential data, including personally identifiable individual data of their employees and agents over the Internet. We also store data provided to us by our customers on servers in a third party data warehouse. We furthermore may have access to confidential and private individual data as part of our professional services organization activities including implementation, maintenance and support of our software for perpetual license customers. If we do not adequately safeguard the confidential information imported into our software or otherwise provided to us by our customers, or if third parties penetrate our systems or security and misappropriate our customers’ confidential information, our reputation may be damaged and we may be sued and incur substantial damages in connection with such disclosures or misappropriations. Even if it is determined that our security measures were adequate, the damage to our reputation may cause customers and potential customers to reconsider the use of our software and services, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
If we fail to adequately protect our proprietary rights and intellectual property, we may lose valuable assets, experience reduced revenues and incur costly litigation to protect our rights.
Our success and ability to compete is significantly dependent on the proprietary technology embedded in our products. We rely on a combination of copyrights, patents, trademarks, service marks, trade secret laws and contractual restrictions to establish and protect our proprietary rights. We cannot protect our intellectual property if we are unable to enforce our rights or if we do not detect its unauthorized use. Despite our precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy and/or reverse engineer our products and use information that we regard as proprietary to create products and services that compete with ours. Some license provisions protecting against unauthorized use, copying, transfer and disclosure of our licensed programs may be unenforceable under the laws of certain jurisdictions and foreign countries. Further, the laws of some countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. To the extent that we engage in international activities, our exposure to unauthorized copying and use of our products and proprietary information increases.
We enter into confidentiality or license agreements with our employees and consultants and with the customers and corporations with whom we have strategic relationships. No assurance can be given that these agreements will be effective in controlling access to and distribution of our products and proprietary information. Further, these agreements do not prevent our competitors from independently developing technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our products. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights and to protect our trade secrets. Litigation, whether successful or unsuccessful, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management resources, either of which could seriously harm our business.
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Our results of operations may be adversely affected if we are subject to a protracted infringement claim or one that results in a significant damage award.
From time to time, we receive claims that our products or business infringe or misappropriate the intellectual property rights of third parties and our competitors or other third parties may challenge the validity or scope of our intellectual property rights. We believe that claims of infringement are likely to increase as the functionality of our products expands and as new products are introduced. A claim may also be made relating to technology that we acquire or license from third parties. If we were subject to a claim of infringement, regardless of the merit of the claim or our defenses, the claim could:
| • | | Require costly litigation to resolve; |
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| • | | absorb significant management time; |
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| • | | cause us to enter into unfavorable royalty or license agreements; |
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| • | | require us to discontinue the sale of all or a portion of our products; |
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| • | | require us to indemnify our customers or third-party systems integrators; or |
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| • | | require us to expend additional development resources to redesign our products. |
Our inclusion of open source software on our products may expose us to liability or require release of our source code.
We use a limited amount of open source software in our products and may use more in the future. From time to time there have been claims challenging the ownership of open source software against companies that incorporate open source software into their products. As a result, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software. In addition, some open source software is provided under licenses that require that proprietary software, when combined in specific ways with open source software, become subject to the open source license and thus freely available. While we take steps to minimize the risk that our software may be combined with open source software in ways that would result in our software becoming subject to open source licenses, few courts have interpreted open source licenses so the manner in which these licenses will be enforced is unclear. If our software were to become subject to open source licenses, our ability to commercialize our products and our operating results would be materially and adversely affected.
If we do not adequately manage and evolve our financial reporting and managerial systems and processes, our ability to manage and grow our business may be harmed.
Our ability to successfully implement our business plan and comply with regulations, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, requires an effective planning and management process. We expect that we will need to continue to improve existing, and implement new, operational and financial systems, procedures and controls to manage our business effectively in the future. Any delay in the implementation of, or disruption in the transition to, new or enhanced systems, procedures or controls, could harm our ability to accurately forecast sales demand, manage our system integrators and other third party service vendors and record and report financial and management information on a timely and accurate basis. Additionally, we became obligated to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the year ended December 31, 2006, including the obligation to test for and disclose any material weaknesses in our internal controls. This is an ongoing obligation for us and we may identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal controls. The existence or disclosure of any such material weaknesses could adversely affect our stock price.
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We expect to expand our international operations but we do not have substantial experience in international markets, and may not achieve the expected results.
We expanded our international operations in 2006 and expect to further expand these operations in 2007. International expansion may require substantial financial resources and a significant amount of attention from our management. International operations involve a variety of risks, particularly:
| • | | Unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, taxes, trade laws and tariffs; |
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| • | | differing abilities to protect our intellectual property rights; |
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| • | | differing labor regulations; |
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| • | | greater difficulty in supporting and localizing our products; |
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| • | | greater difficulty in establishing, staffing and managing foreign operations; and |
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| • | | fluctuating exchange rates. |
We have limited experience in marketing, selling and supporting our products and services abroad. If we invest substantial time and resources to grow our international operations and fail to do so successfully and on a timely basis, our business and operating results could be seriously harmed.
Acquisitions and investments present many risks, and we may not realize the anticipated financial and strategic goals for any such transactions.
We may in the future acquire or make investments in other complementary companies, products, services and technologies. Such acquisitions and investments involve a number of risks, including:
| • | | As was the case with our acquisition of an assembled workforce and source code license from Cezanne Software, we may find that the acquired business or assets do not further our business strategy, or that we overpaid for the business or assets, or that economic conditions change, all of which may generate a future impairment charge; |
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| • | | we may have difficulty integrating the operations and personnel of the acquired business, and may have difficulty retaining the key personnel of the acquired business; |
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| • | | we may have difficulty incorporating the acquired technologies or products with our existing product lines; |
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| • | | there may be customer confusion where our products overlap with those of the acquired business; |
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| • | | we may have product liability associated with the sale of the acquired business’ products; |
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| • | | our ongoing business and management’s attention may be disrupted or diverted by transition or integration issues and the complexity of managing geographically and culturally diverse locations; |
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| • | | we may have difficulty maintaining uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies across locations; |
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| • | | the acquisition may result in litigation from terminated employees or third-parties; and |
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| • | | we may experience significant problems or liabilities associated with product quality, technology and legal contingencies. |
These factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition or cash flows, particularly in the case of a larger acquisition or multiple acquisitions in a short period of time. From time to time, we may enter into negotiations for acquisitions or investments that are
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not ultimately consummated. Such negotiations could result in significant diversions of management time, as well as out-of-pocket expenses.
The consideration paid in connection with an investment or acquisition also affects our financial condition and operating results. If we were to proceed with one or more significant acquisitions in which the consideration included cash, we could be required to use a substantial portion of our available cash or incur substantial debt to consummate such acquisitions. If we incur substantial debt, it could result in material limitations on the conduct of our business. To the extent we issue shares of stock or other rights to purchase stock, including options, existing stockholders may be diluted. In addition, acquisitions may result in the incurrence of debt, large one-time write-offs (such as of acquired in-process research and development) and restructuring charges. They may also result in goodwill and other intangible assets that are subject to impairment tests, which could result in future impairment charges.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR STOCK
Our stock price is likely to remain volatile.
The trading price of our common stock has in the past and may in the future be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a number of factors, including those listed in the “Risks Related to Our Business” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, and in this section. We receive only limited attention by securities analysts, and there frequently occurs an imbalance between supply and demand in the public trading market for our common stock due to limited trading volumes. Investors should consider an investment in our common stock as risky and should only purchase our common stock if they can withstand significant losses. Other factors that affect the volatility of our stock include:
| • | | Our operating performance and the performance of other similar companies; |
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| • | | announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, results of operations, projections, new technologies, acquisitions, commercial relationships, joint ventures or capital commitments; |
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| • | | changes in our management team; |
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| • | | publication of research reports about us or our industry by securities analysts; and |
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| • | | developments with respect to intellectual property rights. |
Additionally, some companies with volatile market prices for their securities have been subject to securities class action lawsuits filed against them. For example, in 2004 we were sued in connection with the decline in our stock price following the announcements of disappointing operating results and changes in senior management. Any future suits such as these could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and the price of our common stock.
Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock by us or our existing stockholders could cause our stock price to fall.
Additional equity financings or other share issuances by us could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Sales by existing stockholders of a large number of shares of our common stock in the public trading market (or in private transactions) including sales by our executive officers, directors or venture capital funds or other persons or entities affiliated with our officers and directors or the perception that such additional sales could occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to drop.
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Provisions in our charter documents, our stockholder rights plan and Delaware law may delay or prevent an acquisition of our company.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could make it harder for a third party to acquire us without the consent of our board of directors. For example, if a potential acquirer were to make a hostile bid for us, the acquirer would not be able to call a special meeting of stockholders to remove our board of directors or act by written consent without a meeting. In addition, our board of directors has staggered terms, which means that replacing a majority of our directors would require at least two annual meetings. The acquirer would also be required to provide advance notice of its proposal to replace directors at any annual meeting, and would not be able to cumulate votes at a meeting, which would require the acquirer to hold more shares to gain representation on the board of directors than if cumulative voting were permitted. In addition, we are a party to a stockholder rights agreement, which effectively prohibits a person from acquiring more than 15% (subject to certain exceptions) of our common stock without the approval of our board of directors. Furthermore, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law limits business combination transactions with 15% stockholders that have not been approved by the board of directors. All of these factors make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us without negotiation. These provisions may apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some stockholders. Our board of directors could choose not to negotiate with an acquirer that it does not believe is in our strategic interests. If an acquirer is discouraged from offering to acquire us or prevented from successfully completing a hostile acquisition by these or other measures, you could lose the opportunity to sell your shares at a favorable price.
Item 6.Exhibits
(a) Exhibits
| | |
Exhibit | | |
Number | | Description |
10.22 | | Callidus Software Inc. Form of Executive Incentive Bonus Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Company’s 8-K filed with the Commission on March 16, 2007) |
10.23 | | Separation Agreement and Release of Claims between Robert Warfield and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the Commission on March 21, 2007) |
31.1 | | 302 Certification |
32.1 | | 906 Certification |
Availability of this Report
We intend to make this quarterly report on Form 10-Q publicly available on our website (www.callidussoftware.com) without charge immediately following our filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless we are required to do so by law.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized on May 10, 2007.
| | | | |
| CALLIDUS SOFTWARE INC. | |
| By: | /s/ RONALD J. FIOR | |
| | Ronald J. Fior | |
| | Chief Financial Officer, Senior Vice President, Finance and Operations | |
|
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EXHIBIT INDEX
TO
CALLIDUS SOFTWARE, INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2007
| | |
Exhibit | | |
Number | | Description |
10.22 | | Callidus Software Inc. Form of Executive Incentive Bonus Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Company’s 8-K filed with the Commission on March 16, 2007) |
10.23 | | Separation Agreement and Release of Claims between Robert Warfield and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the Commission on March 21, 2007) |
31.1 | | 302 Certification |
32.1 | | 906 Certification |
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