Business Segments | 3. BUSINESS SEGMENTS We manage and report our operations as four business segments: The three geographic regions of RES: (1) Americas, (2) EMEA, and (3) Asia Pacific; and (4) LaSalle, which offers investment management services on a global basis. Each geographic region offers our full range of Real Estate Services, including agency leasing and tenant representation, capital markets and hotels, property management, facilities management, project and development management, energy management and sustainability, construction management, and advisory, consulting and valuation services. We consider "property management" to represent services provided to non-occupying property investors and "facilities management" to represent services provided to owner-occupiers. LaSalle provides investment management services to institutional investors and high-net-worth individuals. Operating income represents total revenue less direct and allocated indirect expenses. We allocate all indirect expenses to our segments, other than interest and income taxes, as nearly all expenses incurred benefit one or more of the segments. Allocated expenses primarily consist of corporate global overhead, which we allocate to the business segments based on the budgeted operating expenses of each segment. For segment reporting, we present revenue net of gross contract costs in our RES segments. Excluding these costs from revenue and expenses results in a "net" presentation of "fee revenue" and "fee-based operating expenses," which we believe more accurately reflects how we manage our expense base and operating margins. See Note 2 for additional information on our gross and net accounting policies. For segment reporting, we present Equity earnings from real estate ventures within total segment revenue, since the related activity is an integral part of LaSalle, which comprises the majority of our Equity earnings results as a whole. Finally, our measure of segment results excludes Restructuring and acquisition charges. The Chief Operating Decision Maker of JLL measures the segment results net of gross contract costs, inclusive of Equity earnings from real estate ventures, and excluding Restructuring and acquisition charges. As of December 31, 2015 , we define the Chief Operating Decision Maker collectively as our Global Executive Board, which is comprised of our Global Chief Executive Officer, Global Chief Financial Officer and the Chief Executive Officers of each of our four business segments. Summarized financial information by business segment is as follows. Year Ended December 31, ($ in thousands) 2015 2014 2013 Real Estate Services Americas Revenue $ 2,605,556 2,319,136 1,918,092 Equity earnings 5,888 775 549 Total segment revenue 2,611,444 2,319,911 1,918,641 Gross contract costs (212,118 ) (210,380 ) (112,097 ) Total segment fee revenue 2,399,326 2,109,531 1,806,544 Operating expenses: Compensation, operating and administrative expenses 2,297,142 2,045,330 1,689,365 Depreciation and amortization 63,239 55,215 45,285 Total segment operating expenses 2,360,381 2,100,545 1,734,650 Gross contract costs (212,118 ) (210,380 ) (112,097 ) Total fee-based segment operating expenses 2,148,263 1,890,165 1,622,553 Operating income $ 251,063 219,366 183,991 EMEA Revenue $ 1,803,000 1,632,657 1,323,201 Equity earnings (losses) 752 17 (535 ) Total segment revenue 1,803,752 1,632,674 1,322,666 Gross contract costs (397,446 ) (316,440 ) (204,596 ) Total segment fee revenue 1,406,306 1,316,234 1,118,070 Operating expenses: Compensation, operating and administrative expenses 1,631,064 1,488,033 1,212,797 Depreciation and amortization 27,179 23,763 20,547 Total segment operating expenses 1,658,243 1,511,796 1,233,344 Gross contract costs (397,446 ) (316,440 ) (204,596 ) Total fee-based segment operating expenses 1,260,797 1,195,356 1,028,748 Operating income $ 145,509 120,878 89,322 Continued: Summarized financial information by business segment is as follows. Year Ended December 31, ($ in thousands) 2015 2014 2013 Real Estate Services Asia Pacific Revenue $ 1,159,979 1,109,701 965,626 Equity earnings 713 447 129 Total segment revenue 1,160,692 1,110,148 965,755 Gross contract costs (191,780 ) (201,073 ) (118,089 ) Total segment fee revenue 968,912 909,075 847,666 Operating expenses: Compensation, operating and administrative expenses 1,057,962 1,012,639 876,239 Depreciation and amortization 15,529 13,301 12,216 Total segment operating expenses 1,073,491 1,025,940 888,455 Gross contract costs (191,780 ) (201,073 ) (118,089 ) Total fee-based segment operating expenses 881,711 824,867 770,366 Operating income $ 87,201 84,208 77,300 LaSalle Revenue $ 397,136 368,109 254,672 Equity earnings 70,122 47,026 31,200 Total segment revenue 467,258 415,135 285,872 Operating expenses: Compensation, operating and administrative expenses 307,447 281,094 216,203 Depreciation and amortization 2,195 2,059 1,805 Total segment operating expenses 309,642 283,153 218,008 Operating income $ 157,616 131,982 67,864 Segment Reconciling Items Total segment revenue $ 6,043,146 5,477,868 4,492,934 Reclassification of equity earnings 77,475 48,265 31,343 Total revenue 5,965,671 5,429,603 4,461,591 Total segment operating expenses before restructuring and acquisition charges 5,401,757 4,921,434 4,074,457 Operating income before restructuring and acquisition charges 563,914 508,169 387,134 Restructuring and acquisition charges 34,116 42,505 18,315 Operating income $ 529,798 465,664 368,819 Identifiable assets by segment are those assets used by or result from each segment's business. Corporate assets are principally cash and cash equivalents, computer software and hardware, leasehold improvements and office furniture. The following table reconciles segment identifiable assets to consolidated assets and segment investments in real estate ventures to consolidated investments in real estate ventures. December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 ($ in millions) IDENTIFIABLE ASSETS INVESTMENTS IN REAL ESTATE VENTURES IDENTIFIABLE ASSETS INVESTMENTS IN REAL ESTATE VENTURES Real Estate Services: Americas $ 3,192.8 9.4 $ 2,368.4 8.7 EMEA 1,486.7 1.0 1,328.6 3.1 Asia Pacific 901.2 3.8 775.1 4.4 LaSalle 513.9 297.3 476.2 280.9 Corporate 110.6 — 127.0 — Consolidated $ 6,205.2 311.5 $ 5,075.3 297.1 The following table reconciles segment property and equipment expenditures to consolidated property and equipment expenditures. Year Ended December 31, ($ in millions) 2015 2014 2013 Real Estate Services: Americas $ 55.5 62.9 47.0 EMEA 42.9 40.4 19.2 Asia Pacific 14.4 16.4 15.3 LaSalle 8.4 2.0 2.0 Corporate 27.9 35.2 27.3 Total capital expenditures 149.1 156.9 110.8 Less proceeds on dispositions — — (0.1 ) Net capital expenditures $ 149.1 156.9 110.7 The following table sets forth the revenue and assets from our most significant currencies. TOTAL REVENUE TOTAL ASSETS Year Ended December 31, December 31, ($ in millions) 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 United States dollar $ 2,536.4 2,214.1 1,954.3 $ 3,653.4 2,809.0 British pound 915.5 833.4 636.3 839.5 749.3 Euro 748.7 701.8 595.9 497.4 507.3 Australian dollar 303.0 303.1 285.3 212.1 158.6 Indian rupee 189.4 155.1 117.5 150.1 122.6 Hong Kong dollar 186.7 170.5 134.6 129.0 118.2 Chinese yuan 178.6 169.2 137.7 107.2 93.1 Japanese yen 170.0 155.1 122.0 53.1 44.1 Singapore dollar 123.2 157.7 96.7 123.1 124.8 Other currencies 614.2 569.6 381.3 440.3 348.3 $ 5,965.7 5,429.6 4,461.6 $ 6,205.2 5,075.3 We face restrictions in certain countries that limit or prevent the transfer of funds to other countries or the exchange of the local currency to other currencies, however, we generally face no such restrictions with regard to the use or application of funds for ordinary course business activities within such countries. The assets of these countries represented approximately 5% of our total assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 , respectively. |