American National (ANG-PB) 10-K 27 Feb 17 2016 FY Annual report Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Feb. 22, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Document and Entitiy Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	AMERICAN EQUITY INVESTMENT LIFE HOLDING CO
Entity Central Index Key	1,039,828
Document Type	10-K
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2016
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2,016
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Public Float			$ 1,133,734,418
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		88,279,845

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fixed maturity securities:
Available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost: 2016 - $39,953,955; 2015 - $35,823,710)	$ 41,060,494	$ 36,421,839
Held for investment, at amortized cost (fair value: 2016 - $68,766; 2015 - $65,377)	76,825	76,622
Mortgage loans on real estate	2,480,956	2,435,257
Derivative instruments	830,519	337,256
Other investments	308,774	299,358
Total investments	44,757,568	39,570,332
Cash and cash equivalents	791,266	397,749
Coinsurance deposits	4,639,492	3,187,470
Accrued investment income	397,773	362,104
Deferred policy acquisition costs	2,905,377	2,905,136
Deferred sales inducements	2,208,218	2,232,148
Deferred income taxes	168,578	232,683
Income taxes recoverable	11,474	29,599
Other assets	173,726	112,171
Total assets	56,053,472	49,029,392
Liabilities:
Policy benefit reserves	51,637,026	45,495,431
Other policy funds and contract claims	298,347	324,850
Notes and loan payable	493,755	393,227
Subordinated debentures	241,853	241,452
Other liabilities	1,090,896	629,897
Total liabilities	53,761,877	47,084,857
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value $1 per share, 2,000,000 shares authorized, 2016 and 2015 - no shares issued and outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value $1 per share, 200,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding: 2016 - 88,001,130 shares (excluding 2,887,082 treasury shares); 2015 - 81,354,079 shares (excluding 3,448,750 treasury shares)	88,001	81,354
Additional paid-in capital	770,344	630,367
Accumulated other comprehensive income	339,966	201,663
Retained earnings	1,093,284	1,031,151
Total stockholders' equity	2,291,595	1,944,535
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 56,053,472	$ 49,029,392

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Investments:
Available for sale, amortized cost	$ 39,953,955	$ 35,823,710
Held for investment, fair value	$ 68,766	$ 65,377
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value (dollars per share)	$ 1	$ 1
Preferred stock, shares authorized	2,000,000	2,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value (dollars per share)	$ 1	$ 1
Common stock, shares authorized	200,000,000	200,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	88,001,130	81,354,079
Common stock, shares outstanding	88,001,130	81,354,079
Common stock, shares held in treasury	2,887,082	3,448,750

Consolidated Statements of Oper

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Revenues:
Premiums and other considerations		$ 43,767	$ 36,048	$ 32,623
Annuity product charges		173,579	136,168	118,990
Net investment income		1,849,872	1,692,192	1,531,667
Change in fair value of derivatives		164,219	(336,146)	504,825
Net realized gains (losses) on investments, excluding other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses		11,524	10,211	(4,003)
OTTI losses on investments:
Total OTTI losses		(21,349)	(25,547)	0
Portion of OTTI losses recognized in (from) other comprehensive income		(1,330)	6,011	(2,627)
Net OTTI losses recognized in operations		(22,679)	(19,536)	(2,627)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		0	0	(12,502)
Total revenues		2,220,282	1,518,937	2,168,973
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance policy benefits and change in future policy benefits		52,483	45,458	41,815
Interest sensitive and index product benefits		725,472	968,053	1,473,700
Amortization of deferred sales inducements		251,166	209,390	131,419
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives		543,465	(464,698)	32,321
Interest expense on notes and loan payable		28,248	28,849	36,370
Interest expense on subordinated debentures		12,958	12,239	12,122
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs		374,012	286,114	163,578
Other operating costs and expenses		102,231	96,218	81,584
Total benefits and expenses		2,090,035	1,181,623	1,972,909
Income before income taxes		130,247	337,314	196,064
Income tax expense		47,004	117,484	70,041
Net income		$ 83,243	$ 219,830	$ 126,023
Earnings per common share		$ 0.98	$ 2.78	$ 1.69
Earnings per common share - assuming dilution		$ 0.97	$ 2.72	$ 1.58
Weighted average common shares outstanding: earnings per common share	[1]	84,793,151	78,936,828	74,431,087
Weighted average common shares outstanding: earnings per common share - assuming dilution		85,605,169	80,960,568	79,893,600
[1]	Weighted average common shares outstanding include shares vested under the NMO Deferred Compensation Plan and exclude unallocated shares held by the ESOP.

Consolidated Statements of Comp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Net income		$ 83,243	$ 219,830	$ 126,023
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in net unrealized investment gains/losses (1)	[1]	207,994	(797,374)	1,038,604
Noncredit component of OTTI losses (1)	[1]	556	(2,927)	1,265
Reclassification of unrealized investment gains/losses to net income (1)	[1]	4,224	703	(1,092)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before income tax		212,774	(799,598)	1,038,777
Income tax effect related to other comprehensive income (loss)		(74,471)	279,860	(363,572)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		138,303	(519,738)	675,205
Comprehensive income (loss)		$ 221,546	$ (299,908)	$ 801,228
[1]	Net of related adjustments to amortization of deferred sales inducements and deferred policy acquisition costs.

Consolidated Statements of Chan

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-In Capital [Member]	Unallocated Common Stock Held by ESOP [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]
Stockholders' equity at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2013	$ 1,384,687	$ 70,535	$ 550,400	$ (631)	$ 46,196	$ 718,187
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	126,023					126,023
Other comprehensive income (loss)	675,205				675,205
Allocation of common stock by ESOP, including excess income tax benefits	1,352		721	631
Share-based compensation, including excess income tax benefits	7,705		7,705
Issuance of common stock under compensation plans, including excess income tax benefits	14,705	1,568	13,137
Extinguishment of convertible senior notes, net of tax, including shares of common stock issued upon conversion	(3,529)	3,959	(7,488)
Warrants reclassified to embedded derivative liability to be settled in cash	(51,257)		(51,257)
Dividends on common stock	(15,015)					(15,015)
Stockholders' equity at end of period at Dec. 31, 2014	2,139,876	76,062	513,218	0	721,401	829,195
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	219,830					219,830
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(519,738)				(519,738)
Share-based compensation, including excess income tax benefits	9,976		9,976
Issuance of common stock	104,479	4,300	100,179
Issuance of common stock under compensation plans, including excess income tax benefits	7,986	944	7,042
Issuance of common stock to settle warrants that have reached their expiration	0	48	(48)
Dividends on common stock	(17,874)					(17,874)
Stockholders' equity at end of period at Dec. 31, 2015	1,944,535	81,354	630,367	0	201,663	1,031,151
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	83,243					83,243
Other comprehensive income (loss)	138,303				138,303
Share-based compensation, including excess income tax benefits	7,218		7,218
Issuance of common stock	134,662	5,590	129,072
Issuance of common stock under compensation plans, including excess income tax benefits	4,745	964	3,781
Issuance of common stock to settle warrants that have reached their expiration	(1)	93	(94)
Dividends on common stock	(21,110)					(21,110)
Stockholders' equity at end of period at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 2,291,595	$ 88,001	$ 770,344	$ 0	$ 339,966	$ 1,093,284

Consolidated Statements of Cha7

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Shares of common stock allocated by ESOP, including excess income tax benefits			58,618
Shares of common stock issued under compensation plans, including excess income tax benefits	964,053	944,504	1,567,607
Shares of common stock issued upon extinguishment of convertible senior notes			3,959,396
Shares of common stock issued to settle warrants that have reached their expiration	92,998	47,868
Dividends on common stock, per share amount	$ 0.24	$ 0.22	$ 0.20

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Operating activities
Net income	$ 83,243	$ 219,830	$ 126,023
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Interest sensitive and index product benefits	725,472	968,053	1,473,700
Amortization of deferred sales inducements	251,166	209,390	131,419
Annuity product charges	(173,579)	(136,168)	(118,990)
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives	543,465	(464,698)	32,321
Increase in traditional life and accident and health insurance reserves	12,724	5,097	2,385
Policy acquisition costs deferred	(543,325)	(657,639)	(426,882)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	374,012	286,114	163,578
Provision for depreciation and other amortization	3,879	4,610	9,490
Amortization of discounts and premiums on investments	1,070	(8,464)	(14,960)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0	0	12,502
Realized gains (losses) on investments and net OTTI losses recognized in operations	11,155	9,325	6,630
Change in fair value of derivatives	(165,727)	334,300	(506,328)
Deferred income taxes (benefits)	(10,408)	41,916	(46,504)
Share-based compensation	6,692	7,373	3,544
Change in accrued investment income	(35,669)	(35,545)	(24,918)
Change in income taxes recoverable/payable	18,125	(20,027)	(19,405)
Change in other assets	1,812	71	(2,771)
Change in other policy funds and contract claims	(34,411)	(49,092)	(60,931)
Change in collateral held for derivatives	414,655	(269,474)	27,839
Change in other liabilities	(55,940)	75,794	(51,008)
Other	(14,089)	(15,962)	(8,948)
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,414,322	504,804	707,786
Sales, maturities, or repayments of investments:
Fixed maturity securities—available for sale	2,746,510	1,612,121	1,490,906
Mortgage loans on real estate	383,763	468,102	453,937
Derivative instruments	284,470	640,467	1,169,874
Other investments	14,045	16,792	23,165
Acquisitions of investments:
Fixed maturity securities—available for sale	(6,883,895)	(7,256,137)	(5,191,781)
Mortgage loans on real estate	(428,833)	(455,286)	(327,654)
Derivative instruments	(602,349)	(588,859)	(492,296)
Other investments	(11,559)	(13,092)	(72,548)
Purchases of property, furniture and equipment	(1,197)	(1,313)	(1,352)
Net cash used in investing activities	(4,499,045)	(5,577,205)	(2,947,749)
Financing activities
Receipts credited to annuity and single premium universal life policyholder account balances	7,092,348	7,051,227	4,160,005
Coinsurance deposits	(1,317,555)	(80,777)	109,184
Return of annuity policyholder account balances	(2,535,669)	(2,271,950)	(2,025,203)
Financing fees incurred and deferred	(1,456)	0	(100)
Repayment of notes payable	0	(48,152)	(219,094)
Proceeds from issuance of debt	100,000	0	0
Net proceeds from settlement of notes hedges and warrants	0	25,775	16,558
Acquisition of common stock	0	(16)	0
Excess tax benefits realized from share-based compensation plans	527	3,649	5,184
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	139,654	112,481	13,681
Change in checks in excess of cash balance	21,501	(5,727)	(1,252)
Dividends paid	(21,110)	(17,874)	(15,015)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	3,478,240	4,768,636	2,043,948
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	393,517	(303,765)	(196,015)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	397,749	701,514	897,529
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	791,266	397,749	701,514
Cash paid during the year for interest:
Interest expense	39,647	39,118	42,989
Cash paid during the year for income taxes:
Income taxes	39,066	91,887	132,754
Non-cash operating activity:
Deferral of sales inducements	353,966	486,924	330,079
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Real estate acquired in satisfaction of mortgage loans	0	0	14,555
Mortgage loan on real estate sold	0	4,879	0
Common Stock Issued in Extinguishment of Debt [Member]
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Common stock issued	0	0	95,993
Common Stock Issued to Settle Warrants That Have Expired [Member]
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Common stock issued	$ 93	$ 48	$ 0

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Significant Accounting Policies	Significant Accounting Policies Nature of Operations American Equity Investment Life Holding Company ("we", "us", "our" or "parent company"), through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, American Equity Investment Life Insurance Company ("American Equity Life"), American Equity Investment Life Insurance Company of New York ("American Equity Life of New York") and Eagle Life Insurance Company ("Eagle Life"), is licensed to sell insurance products in 50 states and the District of Columbia at December 31, 2016 . We operate solely in the insurance business. We primarily market fixed index and fixed rate annuities and to a lesser extent, life insurance. Premiums and annuity deposits (net of coinsurance) collected in 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , by product type were as follows: Year Ended December 31, Product Type 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Fixed index annuities $ 5,035,818 $ 6,491,981 $ 3,911,109 Annual reset fixed rate annuities 63,582 44,715 56,647 Multi-year fixed rate annuities 256,894 42,709 21,125 Single premium immediate annuities (SPIA) 35,851 32,752 24,580 Life insurance 9,946 10,917 10,810 $ 5,402,091 $ 6,623,074 $ 4,024,271 Agents contracted with us through two national marketing organizations accounted for more than 10% of the annuity deposits and insurance premium collections during 2016 by American Equity Life representing 19% and 10% , individually, of the annuity deposits and insurance premiums collected by American Equity Life. Agents contracted with us through one national marketing organization accounted for more than 10% of the annuity deposits and insurance premium collections during 2015 by American Equity Life, representing 24% of the annuity deposits and insurance premiums collected by American Equity Life. Agents contracted with us through two national marketing organizations accounted for more than 10% of the annuity deposits and insurance premium collections during 2014 by American Equity Life, each representing 10% individually, of the annuity deposits and insurance premiums collected by American Equity Life. Consolidation and Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and our wholly-owned subsidiaries: American Equity Life, American Equity Life of New York, Eagle Life, AERL, L.C., American Equity Capital, Inc., American Equity Investment Properties, L.C., American Equity Advisors, Inc. and American Equity Investment Service Company. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions are utilized in the calculation of deferred policy acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements, policy benefit reserves, valuation of derivatives, including embedded derivatives on index annuity reserves, contingent convertible senior notes, valuation of investments, other than temporary impairment of investments, allowances for loan losses on mortgage loans and valuation allowances on deferred tax assets. A description of each critical estimate is incorporated within the discussion of the related accounting policies which follow. It is reasonably possible that actual experience could differ from the estimates and assumptions utilized. Investments Fixed maturity securities (bonds and redeemable preferred stocks maturing more than one year after issuance) that may be sold prior to maturity are classified as available for sale. Available for sale securities are reported at fair value and unrealized gains and losses, if any, on these securities are included directly in a separate component of stockholders' equity, net of income taxes and certain adjustments for assumed changes in amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements. Fair values, as reported herein, of fixed maturity and equity securities are based on quoted market prices in active markets when available, or for those fixed maturity securities not actively traded, yield data and other factors relating to instruments or securities with similar characteristics are used. See Note 2 for more information on the determination of fair value. Premiums and discounts are amortized/accrued using methods which result in a constant yield over the securities' expected lives. Amortization/accrual of premiums and discounts on residential and commercial mortgage backed securities incorporate prepayment assumptions to estimate the securities' expected lives. Interest income is recognized as earned. Fixed maturity securities that we have the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held for investment. Such securities may, at times, be called prior to maturity. Held for investment securities are reported at cost adjusted for amortization of premiums and discounts. Changes in the fair value of these securities, except for declines that are other than temporary, are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. The carrying amounts of our impaired investments in fixed maturity and equity securities are adjusted for declines in value that are other than temporary. Other than temporary impairment losses are reported as a component of revenues in the consolidated statements of operations, which presents the amount of noncredit impairment losses for certain fixed maturity securities that is reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). See Note 3 for further discussion of other than temporary impairment losses. Deterioration in credit quality of the companies or assets backing our investment securities, deterioration in the condition of the financial services industry, imbalances in liquidity recurring in the marketplace or declines in real estate values may further affect the fair value of these investment securities and increase the potential that certain unrealized losses will be recognized as other than temporary impairments in the future. Mortgage loans on real estate are reported at cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accrual of discounts. Interest income is recorded when earned; however, interest ceases to accrue for loans on which interest is more than 90 days past due based upon contractual terms and/or when the collection of interest is not considered probable. We evaluate the mortgage loan portfolio for the establishment of a loan loss allowance by specific identification of impaired loans and the measurement of an estimated loss, if any, for each impaired loan identified and an analysis of the mortgage loan portfolio for the need of a general loan allowance for probable losses on all loans. If we determine that the value of any specific mortgage loan is impaired, the carrying amount of the mortgage loan will be reduced to its fair value, based upon the present value of expected future cash flows from the loan discounted at the loan's contractual interest rate, or the fair value of the underlying collateral, less costs to sell. The amount of the general loan allowance, if any, is based upon our evaluation of the probability of collection, historical loss experience, delinquencies, credit concentrations, underwriting standards and national and local economic conditions. The carrying value of impaired loans is reduced by the establishment of an allowance for loan losses, changes to which are recognized as realized gains or losses on investments. Interest income on impaired loans is recorded on a cash basis. Other invested assets include company owned life insurance, equity securities, real estate, limited partnerships accounted for using the equity method and policy loans. Company owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the end of the reporting period, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement. Equity securities are classified as available for sale and are reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are included directly in a separate component of stockholders' equity, net of income taxes and certain adjustments for assumed changes in amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements. Dividends are recognized when declared. Policy loans are stated at current unpaid principal balances. Real estate owned is reported at cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost is determined at the time ownership is acquired in satisfaction of mortgage loans and is the lower of the carrying value of the mortgage loan or fair value of the real estate less its estimated cost to sell. Buildings and improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Impairment losses on real estate owned are recognized when there are indicators of impairment present and the expected future undiscounted cash flows are not sufficient to recover the real estate's carrying value. Any impairment losses are reported as realized losses and are part of net income. Derivative Instruments Our derivative instruments include call options used to fund fixed index annuity credits, interest rate swap and caps used to manage interest rate risk associated with the floating rate component on certain of our subordinated debentures, call options to hedge the conversion spread on our convertible senior notes (see Note 9) and certain other derivative instruments embedded in other contracts. All of our derivative instruments are recognized in the balance sheet at fair value and changes in fair value are recognized immediately in operations. See Note 5 for more information on derivative instruments. Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. We also consider reverse repurchase agreements, which typically have an initial maturity of 6 weeks or less, to be cash equivalents. Amounts advanced under these agreements represent short-term loans that carry a fixed rate of interest. Borrowers under these agreements are required to post collateral that is investment grade debt securities with fair value in excess of the amount advanced. Book Overdrafts Under our cash management system, checks issued but not yet presented to banks frequently result in overdraft balances for accounting purposes and are classified as Other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. We report the changes in the amount of the overdraft balance as a financing activity in our consolidated statement of cash flows as Change in checks in excess of cash balance. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducements To the extent recoverable from future policy revenues and gross profits, certain costs that are incremental or directly related to the successful production of new business are not expensed when incurred but instead are capitalized as deferred policy acquisition costs or deferred sales inducements. Deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements are subject to loss recognition testing on a quarterly basis or when an event occurs that may warrant loss recognition. Deferred policy acquisition costs consist primarily of commissions and certain costs of policy issuance. Deferred sales inducements consist of premium and interest bonuses credited to policyholder account balances. For annuity products, these capitalized costs are being amortized generally in proportion to expected gross profits from investment spreads, including the cost of hedging the fixed indexed annuity obligations, and, to a lesser extent, from product charges net of expected excess payments for lifetime income benefit riders, and mortality and expense margins. Current and future period gross profits/margins for fixed index annuities also include the impact of amounts recorded for the change in fair value of derivatives and the change in fair value of embedded derivatives. That amortization is adjusted retrospectively through an unlocking process when estimates of current or future gross profits/margins (including the impact of net realized gains on investments and net OTTI losses recognized in operations) to be realized from a group of products are revised. Deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements are also adjusted for the change in amortization that would have occurred if available for sale fixed maturity securities and equity securities had been sold at their aggregate fair value at the end of the reporting period and the proceeds reinvested at current yields. The impact of this adjustment is included in accumulated other comprehensive income within consolidated stockholders' equity, net of applicable taxes. See Note 6 for more information on deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements. Policy Benefit Reserves Policy benefit reserves for fixed index annuities with returns linked to the performance of a specified market index are equal to the sum of the fair value of the embedded derivatives and the host (or guaranteed) component of the contracts. The host value is established at inception of the contract and accreted over the policy's life at a constant rate of interest. Future policy benefit reserves for fixed index annuities earning a fixed rate of interest and other deferred annuity products are computed under a retrospective deposit method and represent policy account balances before applicable surrender charges. For the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , interest crediting rates for these products ranged from 1.00% to 3.30% . The liability for lifetime income benefit riders is based on estimates of the value of benefit payments expected to be paid in excess of projected policy values recognizing the excess over the expected lives of the underlying policies based on actual and expected assessments including spreads and product charges and fees. The inputs used in the calculation of the liability for lifetime income benefit riders include actual policy values, actual income account values, actual payout factors, actual roll-up rates and our best estimate assumptions for future policy growth, future policy decrements, the ages at which policyholders are expected to elect to begin to receive lifetime income benefit payments, the percentage of policyholders who elect to receive lifetime income benefit payments and the type of income benefit payments selected upon election. Policy benefit reserves are not reduced for amounts ceded under coinsurance agreements which are reported as coinsurance deposits on our consolidated balance sheets. See Note 7 for more information on reinsurance. The liability for future policy benefits for traditional life insurance is based on net level premium reserves, including assumptions as to interest, mortality, and other assumptions underlying the guaranteed policy cash values. Reserve interest assumptions are level and range from 3.00% to 5.50% . Policy benefit claims are charged to expense in the period that the claims are incurred. Deferred Income Taxes Deferred income tax assets or liabilities are computed based on the temporary differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted marginal tax rate. Deferred income tax expenses or benefits are based on the changes in the asset or liability from period to period. Deferred income tax assets are subject to ongoing evaluation of whether such assets will more likely than not be realized. The realization of deferred income tax assets primarily depends on generating future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences become deductible. Deferred income tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. In making such a determination, all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations, is considered. The realization of deferred income tax assets related to unrealized losses on available for sale fixed maturity securities is also based upon our intent and ability to hold those securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for a recovery in fair value and not realize the unrealized loss. Recognition of Premium Revenues and Costs Revenues for annuity products include surrender and living income benefit rider charges assessed against policyholder account balances during the period. Interest sensitive and index product benefits related to annuity products include interest credited or index credits to policyholder account balances pursuant to accounting by insurance companies for certain long-duration contracts. The change in fair value of the embedded derivatives for fixed index annuities equals the change in the difference between policy benefit reserves for fixed index annuities computed under the derivative accounting standard and the long-duration contracts accounting standard at each balance sheet date. Considerations from immediate annuities with life contingencies are recognized as revenue when the policy is issued. Traditional life insurance premiums are recognized as revenues over the premium-paying period. Certain group policies include provisions for annual experience refunds of premiums equal to net premiums received less an administrative fee and less claims incurred. Such amounts ( 2016 - $1.5 million ; 2015 - $1.5 million ; and 2014 - $1.7 million ) are reported as a reduction of traditional life insurance premiums in the consolidated statements of operations. Future policy benefits are recognized as expenses over the life of the policy by means of the provision for future policy benefits. All insurance-related revenues, including the change in the fair value of derivatives for call options related to the business ceded under coinsurance agreements (see Note 7), benefits, losses and expenses are reported net of reinsurance ceded. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Other comprehensive income (loss) includes all changes in stockholders' equity during a period except those resulting from investments by and distributions to stockholders. Other comprehensive income (loss) excludes net realized investment gains (losses) included in net income which merely represent transfers from unrealized to realized gains and losses. Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In April 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an accounting standards update ("ASU") which requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. Subsequently, in August 2015, the FASB issued an ASU that states that the Securities and Exchange Commission staff would not object to an entity deferring and presenting debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements as an asset and expensing those costs ratably over the term of the line of credit arrangement. These ASU's became effective for us on January 1, 2016, and retroactive application was required. Adoption of these ASU's did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. New Accounting Pronouncements In January 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that, among other aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments, primarily requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. However, an entity may choose to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. Additionally, it changes the accounting for financial liabilities measured at fair value under the fair value option and eliminates some disclosures regarding fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured at amortized cost. This ASU will be effective for us on January 1, 2018, and we have not determined the effect it will have on our consolidated financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that will require recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This ASU affects accounting and disclosure more dramatically for lessees as accounting for lessors is mainly unchanged. This ASU will be effective for us on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted, and we have not determined the effect it will have on our consolidated financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for share-based payment transactions. The aspects of accounting guidance affected by this ASU are income taxes, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. This ASU will be effective for us on January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and we have not determined the effect it will have on our consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that significantly changes the impairment model for most financial assets that are measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments from an incurred loss model to an expected loss model that requires these assets be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. In addition, credit losses on available for sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance account. This ASU will be effective for us on January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted, and we have not yet determined the impact this updated guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that clarifies how certain cash receipts and cash payments are to be presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. This ASU will be effective for us on January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted, and we have not yet determined the impact this updated guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Fair Values of Financial Instru

Fair Values of Financial Instruments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Values of Financial Instruments	Fair Values of Financial Instruments The following sets forth a comparison of the carrying amounts and fair values of our financial instruments: December 31, 2016 2015 Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value (Dollars in thousands) Assets Fixed maturity securities: Available for sale $ 41,060,494 $ 41,060,494 $ 36,421,839 $ 36,421,839 Held for investment 76,825 68,766 76,622 65,377 Mortgage loans on real estate 2,480,956 2,522,035 2,435,257 2,471,864 Derivative instruments 830,519 830,519 337,256 337,256 Other investments 308,774 300,918 292,872 297,903 Cash and cash equivalents 791,266 791,266 397,749 397,749 Coinsurance deposits 4,639,492 4,150,792 3,187,470 2,860,882 Interest rate caps 1,082 1,082 1,410 1,410 Counterparty collateral 145,693 145,693 82,312 82,312 Liabilities Policy benefit reserves 51,280,331 43,104,183 45,151,460 38,435,515 Single premium immediate annuity (SPIA) benefit reserves 297,724 308,028 324,264 336,066 Notes and loan payable 493,755 519,440 393,227 417,752 Subordinated debentures 241,853 225,106 241,452 216,933 Interest rate swap 2,113 2,113 3,139 3,139 Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The objective of a fair value measurement is to determine that price for each financial instrument at each measurement date. We meet this objective using various methods of valuation that include market, income and cost approaches. We categorize our financial instruments into three levels of fair value hierarchy based on the priority of inputs used in determining fair value. The hierarchy defines the highest priority inputs (Level 1) as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The lowest priority inputs (Level 3) are our own assumptions about what a market participant would use in determining fair value such as estimated future cash flows. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, a financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the financial instrument. We categorize financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets as follows: Level 1— Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical financial instruments as of the reporting date. We do not adjust the quoted price for these financial instruments, even in situations where we hold a large position and a sale could reasonably impact the quoted price. Level 2— Quoted prices in active markets for similar financial instruments, quoted prices for identical or similar financial instruments in markets that are not active; and models and other valuation methodologies using inputs other than quoted prices that are observable. Level 3— Models and other valuation methodologies using significant inputs that are unobservable for financial instruments and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the financial instrument. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation. Financial instruments that are included in Level 3 are securities for which no market activity or data exists and for which we used discounted expected future cash flows with our own assumptions about what a market participant would use in determining fair value. Transfers of securities among the levels occur at times and depend on the type of inputs used to determine fair value of each security. There were no transfers between levels during any period presented. Our assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented below based on the fair value hierarchy levels: Total Fair Value Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2016 Assets Fixed maturity securities: Available for sale: United States Government full faith and credit $ 11,805 $ 5,381 $ 6,424 $ — United States Government sponsored agencies 1,344,787 — 1,344,787 — United States municipalities, states and territories 3,926,950 — 3,926,950 — Foreign government obligations 232,233 — 232,233 — Corporate securities 27,118,526 6 27,118,520 — Residential mortgage backed securities 1,254,835 — 1,254,835 — Commercial mortgage backed securities 5,365,235 — 5,365,235 — Other asset backed securities 1,806,123 — 1,806,123 — Other investments: equity securities, available for sale 8,000 — 8,000 — Derivative instruments 830,519 — 830,519 — Cash and cash equivalents 791,266 791,266 — — Interest rate caps 1,082 — 1,082 — Counterparty collateral 145,693 — 145,693 — $ 42,837,054 $ 796,653 $ 42,040,401 $ — Liabilities Interest rate swap $ 2,113 $ — $ 2,113 $ — Fixed index annuities—embedded derivatives 6,563,288 — — 6,563,288 $ 6,565,401 $ — $ 2,113 $ 6,563,288 December 31, 2015 Assets Fixed maturity securities: Available for sale: United States Government full faith and credit $ 471,256 $ 438,598 $ 32,658 $ — United States Government sponsored agencies 1,398,611 — 1,398,611 — United States municipalities, states and territories 3,755,367 — 3,755,367 — Foreign government obligations 212,565 — 212,565 — Corporate securities 23,802,394 121 23,802,273 — Residential mortgage backed securities 1,462,072 — 1,462,072 — Commercial mortgage backed securities 4,174,396 — 4,174,396 — Other asset backed securities 1,145,178 — 1,145,178 — Other investments: equity securities, available for sale 7,828 — 7,828 — Derivative instruments 337,256 — 337,256 — Cash and cash equivalents 397,749 397,749 — — Interest rate caps 1,410 — 1,410 — Counterparty collateral 82,312 — 82,312 — $ 37,248,394 $ 836,468 $ 36,411,926 $ — Liabilities Interest rate swap $ 3,139 $ — $ 3,139 $ — Fixed index annuities—embedded derivatives 5,983,622 — — 5,983,622 $ 5,986,761 $ — $ 3,139 $ 5,983,622 The following methods and assumptions were used in estimating the fair values of financial instruments during the periods presented in these consolidated financial statements. Fixed maturity securities and equity securities The fair values of fixed maturity securities and equity securities in an active and orderly market are determined by utilizing independent pricing services. The independent pricing services incorporate a variety of observable market data in their valuation techniques, including: • reported trading prices, • benchmark yields, • broker-dealer quotes, • benchmark securities, • bids and offers, • credit ratings, • relative credit information, and • other reference data. The independent pricing services also take into account perceived market movements and sector news, as well as a security's terms and conditions, including any features specific to that issue that may influence risk and marketability. Depending on the security, the priority of the use of observable market inputs may change as some observable market inputs may not be relevant or additional inputs may be necessary. The independent pricing services provide quoted market prices when available. Quoted prices are not always available due to market inactivity. When quoted market prices are not available, the third parties use yield data and other factors relating to instruments or securities with similar characteristics to determine fair value for securities that are not actively traded. We generally obtain one value from our primary external pricing service. In situations where a price is not available from this service, we may obtain further quotes or prices from additional parties as needed. In addition, for our callable United States Government sponsored agencies we obtain multiple broker quotes and take the average of the broker prices received. Market indices of similar rated asset class spreads are considered for valuations and broker indications of similar securities are compared. Inputs used by the broker include market information, such as yield data and other factors relating to instruments or securities with similar characteristics. Valuations and quotes obtained from third party commercial pricing services are non-binding and do not represent quotes on which one may execute the disposition of the assets. We validate external valuations at least quarterly through a combination of procedures that include the evaluation of methodologies used by the pricing services, analytical reviews and performance analysis of the prices against trends, and maintenance of a securities watch list. Additionally, as needed we utilize discounted cash flow models or perform independent valuations on a case-by-case basis using inputs and assumptions similar to those used by the pricing services. Although we do identify differences from time to time as a result of these validation procedures, we did not make any significant adjustments as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 . Mortgage loans on real estate Mortgage loans on real estate are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair values of mortgage loans on real estate are calculated using discounted expected cash flows using current competitive market interest rates currently being offered for similar loans. The fair values of impaired mortgage loans on real estate that we have considered to be collateral dependent are based on the fair value of the real estate collateral (based on appraised values) less estimated costs to sell. The inputs utilized to determine fair value of all mortgage loans are unobservable market data (competitive market interest rates); therefore, fair value of mortgage loans falls into Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Derivative instruments The fair values of derivative instruments, primarily call options, are based upon the amount of cash that we will receive to settle each derivative instrument on the reporting date. These amounts are determined by our investment team using industry accepted valuation models and are adjusted for the nonperformance risk of each counterparty net of any collateral held. Inputs include market volatility and risk free interest rates and are used in income valuation techniques in arriving at a fair value for each option contract. The nonperformance risk for each counterparty is based upon its credit default swap rate. We have no performance obligations related to the call options purchased to fund our fixed index annuity policy liabilities. Other investments Available for sale equity securities are the only financial instruments included in other investments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (see determination of fair value above). Financial instruments included in other investments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring bases are policy loans, equity method investments and company owned life insurance (COLI). We have not attempted to determine the fair values associated with our policy loans, as we believe any differences between carrying value and the fair values afforded these instruments are immaterial to our consolidated financial position and, accordingly, the cost to provide such disclosure does not justify the benefit to be derived. The fair value of our equity method investments qualify as Level 3 fair values and were determined by calculating the present value of future cash flows discounted by a risk free rate, a risk spread and a liquidity discount. The risk spread and liquidity discount are rates determined by our investment professionals and are unobservable market inputs. The fair value of our COLI approximates the cash surrender value of the policies and whose fair values fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Cash and cash equivalents Amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for these instruments are reported at their historical cost which approximates fair value due to the nature of the assets assigned to this category. Interest rate swap and caps The fair values of our pay fixed/receive variable interest rate swap and interest rate caps are obtained from third parties and are determined by discounting expected future cash flows using projected LIBOR rates for the term of the swap and caps. Counterparty collateral Amounts reported in other assets of the consolidated balance sheets for these instruments are reported at their historical cost which approximates fair value due to the nature of the assets assigned to this category. Policy benefit reserves, coinsurance deposits and SPIA benefit reserves The fair values of the liabilities under contracts not involving significant mortality or morbidity risks (principally deferred annuities), are stated at the cost we would incur to extinguish the liability (i.e., the cash surrender value) as these contracts are generally issued without an annuitization date. The coinsurance deposits related to the annuity benefit reserves have fair values determined in a similar fashion. For period-certain annuity benefit contracts, the fair value is determined by discounting the benefits at the interest rates currently in effect for newly issued immediate annuity contracts. We are not required to and have not estimated the fair value of the liabilities under contracts that involve significant mortality or morbidity risks, as these liabilities fall within the definition of insurance contracts that are exceptions from financial instruments that require disclosures of fair value. Policy benefit reserves, coinsurance deposits and SPIA benefit reserves are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. All of the fair values presented within these categories fall within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as most of the inputs are unobservable market data. Notes and loan payable The fair values of our senior unsecured notes are based upon pricing matrices developed by a third party pricing service when quoted market prices are not available and are categorized as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of our term loan is estimated using discounted cash flow calculations based principally on observable inputs including our incremental borrowing rate, which reflects our credit rating, for a similar type of borrowing with a maturity consistent with that remaining for the term loan. Notes and loan payable are not remeasured at fair value on a recurring basis. Subordinated debentures Fair values for subordinated debentures are estimated using discounted cash flow calculations based principally on observable inputs including our incremental borrowing rates, which reflect our credit rating, for similar types of borrowings with maturities consistent with those remaining for the debt being valued. These fair values are categorized as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Subordinated debentures are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Fixed index annuities - embedded derivatives We estimate the fair value of the embedded derivative component of our fixed index annuity policy benefit reserves at each valuation date by (i) projecting policy contract values and minimum guaranteed contract values over the expected lives of the contracts and (ii) discounting the excess of the projected contract value amounts at the applicable risk free interest rates adjusted for our nonperformance risk related to those liabilities. The projections of policy contract values are based on our best estimate assumptions for future policy growth and future policy decrements. Our best estimate assumptions for future policy growth include assumptions for the expected index credit on the next policy anniversary date which are derived from the fair values of the underlying call options purchased to fund such index credits and the expected costs of annual call options we will purchase in the future to fund index credits beyond the next policy anniversary. The projections of minimum guaranteed contract values include the same best estimate assumptions for policy decrements as were used to project policy contract values. Within this determination we have the following significant unobservable inputs: 1) the expected cost of annual call options we will purchase in the future to fund index credits beyond the next policy anniversary and 2) our best estimates for future policy decrements, primarily lapse, partial withdrawal and mortality rates. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , we utilized an estimate of 3.10% for the expected cost of annual call options, which are based on estimated account value growth and a historical review of our actual option costs. Our best estimate assumptions for lapse, partial withdrawal and mortality rates are based on our actual experience and our outlook as to future expectations for such assumptions. These assumptions, which are consistent with the assumptions used in calculating deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements, are reviewed on a quarterly basis and are revised as our experience develops and/or as future expectations change. Our mortality rate assumptions are based on 65% of the 1983 Basic Annuity Mortality Tables. The following table presents average lapse rate and partial withdrawal rate assumptions, by contract duration, used in estimating the fair value of the embedded derivative component of our fixed index annuity policy benefit reserves at each reporting date: Average Lapse Rates Average Partial Withdrawal Rates Contract Duration (Years) December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 1 - 5 1.76% 1.58% 3.30% 3.08% 6 - 10 6.58% 8.55% 3.30% 3.55% 11 - 15 11.25% 12.01% 3.32% 3.59% 16 - 20 12.04% 12.99% 3.18% 3.22% 20+ 11.68% 12.54% 3.18% 3.22% Lapse rates are generally expected to increase as surrender charge percentages decrease. Lapse expectations reflect a significant increase in the year in which the surrender charge period on a contract ends. The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for our Level 3 liabilities, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 : Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Fixed index annuities—embedded derivatives Beginning balance $ 5,983,622 $ 5,574,653 Premiums less benefits 434,621 1,234,637 Change in fair value, net 145,045 (825,668 ) Ending balance $ 6,563,288 $ 5,983,622 Change in fair value, net for each period in our embedded derivatives are included in change in fair value of embedded derivatives in the consolidated statements of operations. Certain derivatives embedded in our fixed index annuity contracts are our most significant financial instrument measured at fair value that are categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The contractual obligations for future annual index credits within our fixed index annuity contracts are treated as a "series of embedded derivatives" over the expected life of the applicable contracts. We estimate the fair value of these embedded derivatives at each valuation date by the method described above under fixed index annuities - embedded derivatives . The projections of minimum guaranteed contract values include the same best estimate assumptions for policy decrements as were used to project policy contract values. The most sensitive assumption in determining policy liabilities for fixed index annuities is the rates used to discount the excess projected contract values. As indicated above, the discount rate reflects our nonperformance risk. If the discount rates used to discount the excess projected contract values at December 31, 2016 , were to increase by 100 basis points, the fair value of the embedded derivatives would decrease by $451.4 million recorded through operations as a decrease in the change in fair value of embedded derivatives and there would be a corresponding decrease of $276.4 million to our combined balance for deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements recorded through operations as an increase in amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements. A decrease by 100 basis points in the discount rate used to discount the excess projected contract values would increase the fair value of the embedded derivatives by $504.5 million recorded through operations as an increase in the change in fair value of embedded derivatives and there would be a corresponding increase of $299.5 million to our combined balance for deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements recorded through operations as a decrease in amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements.

Investments

Investments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Investments [Abstract]
Investments	Investments At December 31, 2016 and 2015 , the amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities were as follows: Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2016 Fixed maturity securities: Available for sale: United States Government full faith and credit $ 11,864 $ 229 $ (288 ) $ 11,805 United States Government sponsored agencies 1,368,340 23,360 (46,913 ) 1,344,787 United States municipalities, states and territories 3,626,395 322,948 (22,393 ) 3,926,950 Foreign government obligations 224,588 12,725 (5,080 ) 232,233 Corporate securities 26,338,214 1,149,085 (368,773 ) 27,118,526 Residential mortgage backed securities 1,166,944 91,445 (3,554 ) 1,254,835 Commercial mortgage backed securities 5,422,255 59,994 (117,014 ) 5,365,235 Other asset backed securities 1,795,355 31,471 (20,703 ) 1,806,123 $ 39,953,955 $ 1,691,257 $ (584,718 ) $ 41,060,494 Held for investment: Corporate security $ 76,825 $ — $ (8,059 ) $ 68,766 Other investments - equity securities, available for sale: Finance, insurance and real estate $ 7,521 $ 479 $ — $ 8,000 December 31, 2015 Fixed maturity securities: Available for sale: United States Government full faith and credit $ 470,567 $ 988 $ (299 ) $ 471,256 United States Government sponsored agencies 1,386,219 26,801 (14,409 ) 1,398,611 United States municipalities, states and territories 3,422,667 341,328 (8,628 ) 3,755,367 Foreign government obligations 210,953 12,547 (10,935 ) 212,565 Corporate securities 23,597,530 887,288 (682,424 ) 23,802,394 Residential mortgage backed securities 1,366,985 98,576 (3,489 ) 1,462,072 Commercial mortgage backed securities 4,238,265 41,412 (105,281 ) 4,174,396 Other asset backed securities 1,130,524 34,534 (19,880 ) 1,145,178 $ 35,823,710 $ 1,443,474 $ (845,345 ) $ 36,421,839 Held for investment: Corporate security $ 76,622 $ — $ (11,245 ) $ 65,377 Other investments - equity securities, available for sale: Finance, insurance and real estate $ 7,515 $ 313 $ — $ 7,828 At December 31, 2016 , 35% of our fixed income securities have call features, of which 0.1% ( $55.7 million ) were subject to call redemption and another 3.1% ( $1.3 billion ) will become subject to call redemption during 2017 . Approximately 70% of our fixed income securities that have call features are not callable until within six months of their stated maturities. The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities at December 31, 2016 , by contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. All of our mortgage and other asset backed securities provide for periodic payments throughout their lives and are shown below as separate lines. Available for sale Held for investment Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value (Dollars in thousands) Due in one year or less $ 236,707 $ 241,934 $ — $ — Due after one year through five years 2,824,776 2,979,768 — — Due after five years through ten years 11,659,762 11,738,156 — — Due after ten years through twenty years 8,792,470 9,284,726 — — Due after twenty years 8,055,686 8,389,717 76,825 68,766 31,569,401 32,634,301 76,825 68,766 Residential mortgage backed securities 1,166,944 1,254,835 — — Commercial mortgage backed securities 5,422,255 5,365,235 — — Other asset backed securities 1,795,355 1,806,123 — — $ 39,953,955 $ 41,060,494 $ 76,825 $ 68,766 Net unrealized gains on available for sale fixed maturity securities and equity securities reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity were comprised of the following: December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Net unrealized gains on available for sale fixed maturity securities and equity securities $ 1,107,018 $ 598,442 Adjustments for assumed changes in amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements (618,661 ) (322,859 ) Deferred income tax valuation allowance reversal 22,534 22,534 Deferred income tax expense (170,925 ) (96,454 ) Net unrealized gains reported as accumulated other comprehensive income $ 339,966 $ 201,663 The National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC") assigns designations to fixed maturity securities. These designations range from Class 1 (highest quality) to Class 6 (lowest quality). In general, securities are assigned a designation based upon the ratings they are given by the Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations ("NRSRO's"). The NAIC designations are utilized by insurers in preparing their annual statutory statements. NAIC Class 1 and 2 designations are considered "investment grade" while NAIC Class 3 through 6 designations are considered "non-investment grade." Based on the NAIC designations, we had 97% and 98% of our fixed maturity portfolio rated investment grade at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. The following table summarizes the credit quality, as determined by NAIC designation, of our fixed maturity portfolio as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2016 2015 NAIC Designation Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value (Dollars in thousands) 1 $ 25,607,268 $ 26,507,798 $ 23,363,259 $ 24,207,801 2 13,037,592 13,295,648 11,709,730 11,589,325 3 1,201,059 1,155,702 758,531 643,293 4 154,226 137,188 60,480 44,312 5 17,475 24,664 — — 6 13,160 8,260 8,332 2,485 $ 40,030,780 $ 41,129,260 $ 35,900,332 $ 36,487,216 The following table shows our investments' gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities (consisting of 1,514 and 1,246 securities, respectively) have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2016 and 2015 : Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2016 Fixed maturity securities: Available for sale: United States Government full faith and credit $ 7,405 $ (288 ) $ — $ — $ 7,405 $ (288 ) United States Government sponsored agencies 995,548 (46,913 ) — — 995,548 (46,913 ) United States municipalities, states and territories 463,409 (22,393 ) — — 463,409 (22,393 ) Foreign government obligations 29,158 (913 ) 20,388 (4,167 ) 49,546 (5,080 ) Corporate securities: Finance, insurance and real estate 2,302,103 (79,077 ) 110,730 (9,834 ) 2,412,833 (88,911 ) Manufacturing, construction and mining 2,556,147 (74,144 ) 702,978 (74,382 ) 3,259,125 (148,526 ) Utilities and related sectors 1,605,742 (53,055 ) 196,085 (16,208 ) 1,801,827 (69,263 ) Wholesale/retail trade 396,310 (9,433 ) 57,708 (5,739 ) 454,018 (15,172 ) Services, media and other 857,515 (35,107 ) 132,170 (11,794 ) 989,685 (46,901 ) Residential mortgage backed securities 81,762 (3,463 ) 1,853 (91 ) 83,615 (3,554 ) Commercial mortgage backed securities 3,148,395 (116,938 ) 895 (76 ) 3,149,290 (117,014 ) Other asset backed securities 751,533 (12,289 ) 146,167 (8,414 ) 897,700 (20,703 ) $ 13,195,027 $ (454,013 ) $ 1,368,974 $ (130,705 ) $ 14,564,001 $ (584,718 ) Held for investment: Corporate security: Insurance $ — $ — $ 68,766 $ (8,059 ) $ 68,766 $ (8,059 ) December 31, 2015 Fixed maturity securities: Available for sale: United States Government full faith and credit $ 37,730 $ (299 ) $ — $ — $ 37,730 $ (299 ) United States Government sponsored agencies 957,053 (14,409 ) — — 957,053 (14,409 ) United States municipalities, states and territories 261,823 (8,474 ) 2,846 (154 ) 264,669 (8,628 ) Foreign government obligations 42,966 (1,762 ) 15,463 (9,173 ) 58,429 (10,935 ) Corporate securities: Finance, insurance and real estate 2,077,223 (59,607 ) 49,912 (14,855 ) 2,127,135 (74,462 ) Manufacturing, construction and mining 3,517,967 (246,456 ) 376,229 (131,003 ) 3,894,196 (377,459 ) Utilities and related sectors 2,240,652 (138,940 ) 97,184 (22,565 ) 2,337,836 (161,505 ) Wholesale/retail trade 473,050 (17,863 ) 38,682 (8,125 ) 511,732 (25,988 ) Services, media and other 1,037,011 (39,937 ) 32,050 (3,073 ) 1,069,061 (43,010 ) Residential mortgage backed securities 162,770 (2,958 ) 6,438 (531 ) 169,208 (3,489 ) Commercial mortgage backed securities 2,679,510 (105,002 ) 11,495 (279 ) 2,691,005 (105,281 ) Other asset backed securities 457,055 (10,581 ) 46,657 (9,299 ) 503,712 (19,880 ) $ 13,944,810 $ (646,288 ) $ 676,956 $ (199,057 ) $ 14,621,766 $ (845,345 ) Held for investment: Corporate security: Insurance $ 65,377 $ (11,245 ) $ — $ — $ 65,377 $ (11,245 ) Based on the results of our process for evaluating available for sale securities in unrealized loss positions for other-than-temporary-impairments, which is discussed in detail later in this footnote, we have determined that the unrealized losses on the securities in the preceding table are temporary. The unrealized losses at December 31, 2016 are principally related to timing of the purchases of these securities, which carry less yield than those available at December 31, 2016 . The commodity related sectors had most of the gross unrealized losses in our corporate fixed income securities portfolio as of December 31, 2016 . Commodity prices, specifically oil, gas and base metals,declined significantly in late 2015, but prices have risen in 2016 to levels that appear sustainable and should support prices and NRSRO ratings longer term. The value of oil has been significantly depressed as the amount of supply from new production has exceeded demand. In addition, iron ore and other key industrial metals have depressed prices as investors perceive the economic slowdown in Asia Pacific will curb demand as supply remains high. The companies in the metal and mining sectors experienced the largest decline in values of their debt in late 2015. In the above table, oil and metals and mining exposure is reflected within the foreign government; manufacturing, construction and mining; and utilities and related sectors. Within these sectors, we continue to monitor the impact to our investment portfolio for those companies that may be adversely affected, both directly and indirectly. Even though the energy holdings and a majority of the metals and mining holdings have seen significant improvements in values as oil and iron ore prices have increased, they could continue to see price volatility and possible downgrades in credit ratings. If oil and commodity prices fall lower and remain at depressed levels for an extended period of time or decline further, certain issuers and investments may come under further stress. At this time, we believe the unrealized losses are temporary due to the fact that the price decline is driven by an over-supply of oil in the energy sector, which we feel is unsustainable long term. Our exposure is in companies that we believe have more financial flexibility and significant operational scale to manage through the downturn. In addition, price declines in the metal and mining sector have been heavily influenced by excess production and softer demand. Companies in the mining sector are more susceptible to rating downgrades and we believe companies will be under continued financial strain at the current commodity price structure. We believe company issuers in our portfolio will be able to meet their debt service obligations. Approximately 86% and 84% of the unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities shown in the above table for December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively, are on securities that are rated investment grade, defined as being the highest two NAIC designations. All of the fixed maturity securities with unrealized losses are current with respect to the payment of principal and interest. Changes in net unrealized gains on investments for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Fixed maturity securities held for investment carried at amortized cost $ 3,186 $ (10,651 ) $ 14,821 Investments carried at fair value: Fixed maturity securities, available for sale $ 508,410 $ (1,642,027 ) $ 2,157,439 Equity securities, available for sale 166 17 21 508,576 (1,642,010 ) 2,157,460 Adjustment for effect on other balance sheet accounts: Deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements (295,802 ) 842,412 (1,118,683 ) Deferred income tax asset/liability (74,471 ) 279,860 (363,572 ) (370,273 ) 1,122,272 (1,482,255 ) Change in net unrealized gains on investments carried at fair value $ 138,303 $ (519,738 ) $ 675,205 Components of net investment income are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Fixed maturity securities $ 1,729,176 $ 1,566,409 $ 1,394,301 Equity securities 531 441 404 Mortgage loans on real estate 122,985 131,892 143,998 Cash and cash equivalents 3,201 601 286 Other 5,499 4,858 6,903 1,861,392 1,704,201 1,545,892 Less investment expenses (11,520 ) (12,009 ) (14,225 ) Net investment income $ 1,849,872 $ 1,692,192 $ 1,531,667 Proceeds from sales of available for sale securities for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 were $1.0 billion , $0.4 billion and $0.2 billion , respectively. Scheduled principal repayments, calls and tenders for available for sale fixed maturity securities for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 were $1.7 billion , $1.2 billion and $1.3 billion , respectively. Realized gains and losses on sales are determined on the basis of specific identification of investments based on the trade date. Net realized gains (losses) on investments, excluding net OTTI losses are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Available for sale fixed maturity securities: Gross realized gains $ 14,132 $ 7,230 $ 3,273 Gross realized losses (4,036 ) (5,787 ) (1,006 ) 10,096 1,443 2,267 Other investments: Gain on sale of real estate 884 4,194 2,454 Loss on sale of real estate (93 ) (575 ) (231 ) Impairment losses on real estate — (1,297 ) (2,441 ) 791 2,322 (218 ) Mortgage loans on real estate: Decrease (increase) in allowance for credit losses (4,846 ) 1,018 (6,052 ) Recovery of specific allowance 5,483 5,428 — 637 6,446 (6,052 ) $ 11,524 $ 10,211 $ (4,003 ) Losses on available for sale fixed maturity securities in 2016 , 2015 and 2014 were realized primarily due to strategies to reposition the fixed maturity security portfolio that result in improved net investment income, credit risk or duration profiles as they pertain to our asset liability management. Securities were sold at losses in 2016 and 2015 due to our long-term fundamental concern with the issuers' ability to meet their future financial obligations. The following table summarizes the carrying value of our fixed maturity securities, mortgage loans on real estate and real estate owned that have been non-income producing for 12 consecutive months: December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Fixed maturity securities, available for sale $ 1,651 $ 10 Real estate owned — 1,800 $ 1,651 $ 1,810 We review and analyze all investments on an ongoing basis for changes in market interest rates and credit deterioration. This review process includes analyzing our ability to recover the amortized cost basis of each investment that has a fair value that is materially lower than its amortized cost and requires a high degree of management judgment and involves uncertainty. The evaluation of securities for other than temporary impairments is a quantitative and qualitative process, which is subject to risks and uncertainties. We have a policy and process to identify securities that could potentially have impairments that are other than temporary. This process involves monitoring market events and other items that could impact issuers. The evaluation includes but is not limited to such factors as: • the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost or cost; • whether the issuer is current on all payments and all contractual payments have been made as agreed; • the remaining payment terms and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; • the lack of ability to refinance due to liquidity problems in the credit market; • the fair value of any underlying collateral; • the existence of any credit protection available; • our intent to sell and whether it is more likely than not we would be required to sell prior to recovery for debt securities; • our assessment in the case of equity securities including perpetual preferred stocks with credit deterioration that the security cannot recover to cost in a reasonable period of time; • our intent and ability to retain equity securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for recovery; • consideration of rating agency actions; and • changes in estimated cash flows of mortgage and asset backed securities. We determine whether other than temporary impairment losses should be recognized for debt and equity securities by assessing all facts and circumstances surrounding each security. Where the decline in fair value of debt securities is attributable to changes in market interest rates or to factors such as market volatility, liquidity and spread widening, and we anticipate recovery of all contractual or expected cash flows, we do not consider these investments to be other than temporarily impaired because we do not intend to sell these investments and it is not more likely than not we will be required to sell these investments before a recovery of amortized cost, which may be maturity. For equity securities, we recognize an impairment charge in the period in which we do not have the intent and ability to hold the securities until recovery of cost or we determine that the security will not recover to book value within a reasonable period of time. We determine what constitutes a reasonable period of time on a security-by-security basis by considering all the evidence available to us, including the magnitude of any unrealized loss and its duration. Other than temporary impairment losses on equity securities are recognized in operations. If we intend to sell a debt security or if it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell a debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, other than temporary impairment has occurred and the difference between amortized cost and fair value will be recognized as a loss in operations. If we do not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not we will be required to sell the debt security but also do not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security, an impairment loss would be recognized in operations in the amount of the expected credit loss. We determine the amount of expected credit loss by calculating the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected discounted at each security's acquisition yield based on our consideration of whether the security was of high credit quality at the time of acquisition. The difference between the present value of expected future cash flows and the amortized cost basis of the security is the amount of credit loss recognized in operations. The remaining amount of the other than temporary impairment is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). The determination of the credit loss component of a mortgage backed security is based on a number of factors. The primary consideration in this evaluation process is the issuer's ability to meet current and future interest and principal payments as contractually stated at time of purchase. Our review of these securities includes an analysis of the cash flow modeling under various default scenarios considering independent third party benchmarks, the seniority of the specific tranche within the structure of the security, the composition of the collateral and the actual default, loss severity and prepayment experience exhibited. With the input of third party assumptions for default projections, loss severity and prepayment expectations, we evaluate the cash flow projections to determine whether the security is performing in accordance with its contractual obligation. We utilize the models from a leading structured product software specialist serving institutional investors. These models incorporate each security's seniority and cash flow structure. In circumstances where the analysis implies a potential for principal loss at some point in the future, we use the "best estimate" cash flow projection discounted at the security's effective yield at acquisition to determine the amount of our potential credit loss associated with this security. The discounted expected future cash flows equates to our expected recovery value. Any shortfall of the expected recovery when compared to the amortized cost of the security will be recorded as the credit loss component of the other than temporary impairment. The cash flow modeling is performed on a security-by-security basis and incorporates actual cash flows on the residential mortgage backed securities through the current period, as well as the projection of remaining cash flows using a number of assumptions including default rates, prepayment rates and loss severity rates. The default curves we use are tailored to the Prime or Alt-A residential mortgage backed securities that we own, which assume lower default rates and loss severity for Prime securities versus Alt-A securities. These default curves are scaled higher or lower depending on factors such as current underlying mortgage loan performance, rating agency loss projections, loan to value ratios, geographic diversity, as well as other appropriate considerations. The following table presents the range of significant assumptions used to determine the credit loss component of other than temporary impairments we have recognized on residential mortgage backed securities for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , which are all senior level tranches within the structure of the securities: Discount Rate Default Rate Loss Severity Sector Vintage Min Max Min Max Min Max Year ended December 31, 2016 Prime 2005 7.7 % 7.7 % 8 % 14 % 50 % 50 % 2006 6.5 % 7.3 % 12 % 13 % 40 % 50 % 2007 6.2 % 6.4 % 18 % 31 % 50 % 55 % Alt-A 2005 7.4 % 7.4 % 11 % 11 % 60 % 60 % Year ended December 31, 2015 Prime 2006 6.5 % 7.4 % 12 % 14 % 40 % 50 % 2007 5.8 % 7.0 % 15 % 25 % 45 % 55 % Alt-A 2005 5.6 % 7.4 % 13 % 99 % 2 % 50 % The determination of the credit loss component of a corporate bond (including redeemable preferred stocks) is based on the underlying financial performance of the issuer and their ability to meet their contractual obligations. Considerations in our evaluation include, but are not limited to, credit rating changes, financial statement and ratio analysis, changes in management, significant changes in credit spreads, breaches of financial covenants and a review of the economic outlook for the industry and markets in which they trade. In circumstances where an issuer appears unlikely to meet its future obligation, or the security's price decline is deemed other than temporary, an estimate of credit loss is determined. Credit loss is calculated using default probabilities as derived from the credit default swaps markets in conjunction with recovery rates derived from independent third party analysis or a best estimate of credit loss. This credit loss rate is then incorporated into a present value calculation based on an expected principal loss in the future discounted at the yield at the date of purchase and compared to amortized cost to determine the amount of credit loss associated with the security. In addition, for debt securities which we do not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not we will be required to sell, but our intent changes due to changes or events that could not have been reasonably anticipated, an other than temporary impairment charge is recognized. Once an impairment charge has been recorded, we then continue to review the other than temporarily impaired securities for appropriate valuation on an ongoing basis. Unrealized losses may be recognized in future periods through a charge to earnings should we later conclude that the decline in fair value below amortized cost is other than temporary pursuant to our accounting policy described above. The use of different methodologies and assumptions to determine the fair value of investments and the timing and amount of impairments may have a material effect on the amounts presented in our consolidated financial statements. The following table summarizes other than temporary impairments by asset type: Number of Securities Total OTTI Losses Portion of OTTI Losses Recognized in (from) Other Comprehensive Income Net OTTI Losses Recognized in Operations (Dollars in thousands) Year ended December 31, 2016 Fixed maturity securities, available for sale: Corporate securities: Energy 2 $ (642 ) $ — $ (642 ) Materials 1 (4,554 ) 1,575 (2,979 ) Telecommunications 1 (4,462 ) 562 (3,900 ) Utilities 2 (6,961 ) 798 (6,163 ) Residential mortgage backed securities 9 — (783 ) (783 ) Commercial mortgage backed securities 5 (1,540 ) — (1,540 ) Other asset backed securities 2 (3,190 ) (3,482 ) (6,672 ) 22 $ (21,349 ) $ (1,330 ) $ (22,679 ) Year ended December 31, 2015 Fixed maturity securities, available for sale: Corporate securities: Industrial 2 $ (15,414 ) $ 2,975 $ (12,439 ) Residential mortgage backed securities 11 (133 ) (2,089 ) (2,222 ) Other asset backed securities 1 (10,000 ) 5,125 (4,875 ) 14 $ (25,547 ) $ 6,011 $ (19,536 ) Year ended December 31, 2014 Fixed maturity securities, available for sale: Residential mortgage backed securities 7 $ — $ (2,627 ) $ (2,627 ) The cumulative portion of other than temporary impairments determined to be credit losses which have been recognized in operations for debt securities are summarized as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Cumulative credit loss at beginning of year $ (145,824 ) $ (127,050 ) Credit losses on securities for which OTTI has not previously been recognized (18,414 ) (17,447 ) Additional credit losses on securities for which OTTI has previously been recognized (4,265 ) (2,089 ) Accumulated losses on securities that were disposed of during the period 2,128 762 Cumulative credit loss at end of year $ (166,375 ) $ (145,824 ) The following table summarizes the cumulative noncredit portion of OTTI and the change in fair value since recognition of OTTI, both of which were recognized in other comprehensive income, by major type of security, for securities that are part of our investment portfolio at December 31, 2016 and 2015 : Amortized Cost OTTI Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income Change in Fair Value Since OTTI was Recognized Fair Value (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2016 Fixed maturity securities, available for sale: Corporate securities $ 17,549 $ (5,910 ) $ 13,566 $ 25,205 Residential mortgage backed securities 368,862 (169,941 ) 205,854 404,775 Commercial mortgage backed securities 6,596 — (107 ) 6,489 Other asset backed securities 6,683 (1,643 ) (1,566 ) 3,474 $ 399,690 $ (177,494 ) $ 217,747 $ 439,943 December 31, 2015 Fixed maturity securities, available for sale: Corporate securities $ 6,396 $ (2,975 ) $ 9 $ 3,430 Residential mortgage backed securities 466,871 (170,724 ) 199,149 495,296 Other asset backed securities 8,154 (5,125 ) (553 ) 2,476 $ 481,421 $ (178,824 ) $ 198,605 $ 501,202 At December 31, 2016 and 2015 , fixed maturity securities and short-term investments with an amortized cost of $43.5 billion and $38.3 billion , respectively, were on deposit with state agencies to meet regulatory requirements. There are no restrictions on these assets. At December 31, 2016 and 2015 , we had no investment in any person or its affiliates (other than bonds issued by agencies of the United States Government) that exceeded 10% of stockholders' equity.

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Abstract]
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate	Mortgage Loans on Real Estate Our mortgage loan portfolio is summarized in the following table. There were commitments outstanding of $75.5 million at December 31, 2016 . December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Principal outstanding $ 2,490,619 $ 2,449,909 Loan loss allowance (8,427 ) (14,142 ) Deferred prepayment fees (1,236 ) (510 ) Carrying value $ 2,480,956 $ 2,435,257 The portfolio consists of commercial mortgage loans collateralized by the related properties and diversified as to property type, location and loan size. Our mortgage lending policies establish limits on the amount that can be loaned to one borrower and other criteria to attempt to reduce the risk of default. The mortgage loan portfolio is summarized by geographic region and property type as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 Principal Percent Principal Percent (Dollars in thousands) Geographic distribution East $ 635,434 25.5 % $ 698,113 28.5 % Middle Atlantic 151,640 6.1 % 160,261 6.6 % Mountain 235,932 9.5 % 252,442 10.3 % New England 12,724 0.5 % 13,161 0.5 % Pacific 385,683 15.5 % 355,268 14.5 % South Atlantic 519,065 20.8 % 456,227 18.6 % West North Central 325,447 13.1 % 313,120 12.8 % West South Central 224,694 9.0 % 201,317 8.2 % $ 2,490,619 100.0 % $ 2,449,909 100.0 % Property type distribution Office $ 308,578 12.4 % $ 396,154 16.2 % Medical Office 50,780 2.1 % 77,438 3.2 % Retail 886,942 35.6 % 790,158 32.2 % Industrial/Warehouse 700,644 28.1 % 686,400 28.0 % Hotel — — % 3,361 0.1 % Apartment 375,837 15.1 % 352,971 14.4 % Mixed use/other 167,838 6.7 % 143,427 5.9 % $ 2,490,619 100.0 % $ 2,449,909 100.0 % Our financing receivables currently consist of one portfolio segment which is our commercial mortgage loan portfolio. These are mortgage loans with collateral consisting of commercial real estate and borrowers consisting mostly of limited liability partnerships or limited liability corporations. We evaluate our mortgage loan portfolio for the establishment of a loan loss allowance by specific identification of impaired loans and the measurement of an estimated loss for each individual loan identified. A mortgage loan is impaired when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. If we determine that the value of any specific mortgage loan is impaired, the carrying amount of the mortgage loan will be reduced to its fair value, based upon the present value of expected future cash flows from the loan discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, or the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated costs to sell. In addition, we analyze the mortgage loan portfolio for the need of a general loan allowance for probable losses on all other loans on a quantitative and qualitative basis. The amount of the general loan allowance is based upon management's evaluation of the collectability of the loan portfolio, historical loss experience, delinquencies, credit concentrations, underwriting standards and national and local economic conditions. We rate each of the mortgage loans in our portfolio based on factors such as historical operating performance, loan to value ratio and economic outlook, among others. We calculate a loss factor to apply to each rating based on historical losses we have recognized in our mortgage loan portfolio. We apply the loss factors to the total principal outstanding within each rating category to determine an appropriate estimate of the general loan loss allowance. We also assess the portfolio qualitatively and apply a loss rate to all loans without a specific allowance based on management's assessment of economic conditions, and we apply an additional amount of loss allowance to a group of loans that we have identified as having higher risk of loss. The following table presents a rollforward of our specific and general valuation allowances for mortgage loans on real estate: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Specific Allowance General Allowance Specific Allowance General Allowance Specific Allowance General Allowance (Dollars in thousands) Beginning allowance balance $ (7,842 ) $ (6,300 ) $ (12,333 ) $ (10,300 ) $ (16,847 ) $ (9,200 ) Charge-offs 5,078 — 2,045 — 9,211 — Recoveries 5,483 — 5,428 — 255 — Change in provision for credit losses (4,046 ) (800 ) (2,982 ) 4,000 (4,952 ) (1,100 ) Ending allowance balance $ (1,327 ) $ (7,100 ) $ (7,842 ) $ (6,300 ) $ (12,333 ) $ (10,300 ) The specific allowance represents the total credit loss allowances on loans which are individually evaluated for impairment. The general allowance is for the group of loans discussed above which are collectively evaluated for impairment. The following table presents the total outstanding principal of loans evaluated for impairment by basis of impairment method: December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Individually evaluated for impairment $ 4,640 $ 21,277 $ 29,116 Collectively evaluated for impairment 2,485,979 2,428,632 2,428,605 Total loans evaluated for impairment $ 2,490,619 $ 2,449,909 $ 2,457,721 Charge-offs include allowances that have been established on loans that were satisfied either by taking ownership of the collateral or by some other means such as discounted pay-off or loan sale. When ownership of the property is taken it is recorded at the lower of the mortgage loan's carrying value or the property's fair value (based on appraised values) less estimated costs to sell. The real estate owned is recorded as a component of other investments and the mortgage loan is recorded as fully paid, with any allowance for credit loss that has been established charged off. Fair value of the real estate is determined by third party appraisal. Recoveries are situations where we have received a payment from the borrower in an amount greater than the carrying value of the loan (principal outstanding less specific allowance). During the year ended December 31, 2014 , seven mortgage loans were satisfied by taking ownership of any real estate serving as collateral. The following table summarizes the activity in the real estate owned, included in Other investments, which was obtained in satisfaction of mortgage loans on real estate: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Real estate owned at beginning of period $ 6,485 $ 20,238 $ 22,844 Real estate acquired in satisfaction of mortgage loans — — 14,555 Additions — 121 — Sales (6,444 ) (12,322 ) (14,134 ) Impairments — (1,297 ) (2,441 ) Depreciation (41 ) (255 ) (586 ) Real estate owned at end of period $ — $ 6,485 $ 20,238 We analyze credit risk of our mortgage loans by analyzing all available evidence on loans that are delinquent and loans that are in a workout period. December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Credit Exposure--By Payment Activity Performing $ 2,489,028 $ 2,438,341 In workout 1,591 11,568 Delinquent — — Collateral dependent — — $ 2,490,619 $ 2,449,909 The loans that are categorized as "in workout" consist of loans that we have agreed to lower or no mortgage payments for a period of time while the borrowers address cash flow and/or operational issues. The key features of these workouts have been determined on a loan-by-loan basis. Most of these loans are in a period of low cash flow due to tenants vacating their space or tenants requesting rent relief during difficult economic periods. Generally, we have allowed the borrower a six month interest only period and in some cases a twelve month period of interest only. Interest only workout loans are expected to return to their regular debt service payments after the interest only period. Interest only loans that are not fully amortizing will have a larger balance at their balloon date than originally contracted. Fully amortizing loans that are in interest only periods will have larger debt service payments for their remaining term due to lost principal payments during the interest only period. In limited circumstances we have allowed borrowers to pay the principal portion of their loan payment into an escrow account that can be used for capital and tenant improvements for a period of not more than twelve months. In these situations new loan amortization schedules are calculated based on the principal not collected during this twelve month workout period and larger payments are collected for the remaining term of each loan. In all cases, the original interest rate and maturity date have not been modified, and we have not forgiven any principal amounts. Mortgage loans are considered delinquent when they become 60 days or more past due. In general, when loans become 90 days past due, become collateral dependent or enter a period with no debt service payments required we place them on non-accrual status and discontinue recognizing interest income. If payments are received on a delinquent loan, interest income is recognized to the extent it would have been recognized if normal principal and interest would have been received timely. If the payments are received to bring a delinquent loan back to current we will resume accruing interest income on that loan. There were no loans in non-accrual status at December 31, 2016 or 2015 . We define collateral dependent loans as those mortgage loans for which we will depend on the value of the collateral real estate to satisfy the outstanding principal of the loan. All of our commercial mortgage loans depend on the cash flow of the borrower to be at a sufficient level to service the principal and interest payments as they come due. In general, cash inflows of the borrowers are generated by collecting monthly rent from tenants occupying space within the borrowers' properties. Our borrowers face collateral risks such as tenants going out of business, tenants struggling to make rent payments as they become due, and tenants canceling leases and moving to other locations. We have a number of loans where the real estate is occupied by a single tenant. Our borrowers sometimes face both a reduction in cash flow on their mortgage property as well as a reduction in the fair value of the real estate collateral. If borrowers are unable to replace lost rent revenue and increases in the fair value of their property do not materialize we could potentially incur more losses than what we have allowed for in our specific and general loan loss allowances. Aging of financing receivables is summarized in the following table, with loans in a "workout" period as of the reporting date considered current if payments are current in accordance with agreed upon terms: 30 - 59 Days 60 - 89 Days 90 Days and Over Total Past Due Current Collateral Dependent Receivables Total Financing Receivables (Dollars in thousands) Commercial Mortgage Loans December 31, 2016 $ 2,737 $ — $ — $ 2,737 $ 2,487,882 $ — $ 2,490,619 December 31, 2015 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 2,449,909 $ — $ 2,449,909 Financing receivables summarized in the following two tables represent all loans that we are either not currently collecting, or those we feel it is probable we will not collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements (all loans that we have worked with the borrower to alleviate short-term cash flow issues, loans delinquent for 60 days or more at the reporting date, loans we have determined to be collateral dependent and loans that we have recorded specific impairments on that we feel may continue to have performance issues). Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2016 Mortgage loans with an allowance $ 3,313 $ 4,640 $ (1,327 ) Mortgage loans with no related allowance 1,591 1,591 — $ 4,904 $ 6,231 $ (1,327 ) December 31, 2015 Mortgage loans with an allowance $ 13,435 $ 21,277 $ (7,842 ) Mortgage loans with no related allowance 8,859 8,859 — $ 22,294 $ 30,136 $ (7,842 ) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2016 Mortgage loans with an allowance $ 3,398 $ 301 Mortgage loans with no related allowance 1,665 73 $ 5,063 $ 374 December 31, 2015 Mortgage loans with an allowance $ 13,893 $ 1,117 Mortgage loans with no related allowance 8,930 584 $ 22,823 $ 1,701 December 31, 2014 Mortgage loans with an allowance $ 18,465 $ 1,797 Mortgage loans with no related allowance 2,656 43 $ 21,121 $ 1,840 A Troubled Debt Restructuring ("TDR") is a situation where we have granted a concession to a borrower for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower's financial difficulties that we would not otherwise consider. A mortgage loan that has been granted new terms, including workout terms as described previously, would be considered a TDR if it meets conditions that would indicate a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the new terms constitute a concession on our part. We analyze all loans where we have agreed to workout terms and all loans that we have refinanced to determine if they meet the definition of a TDR. We consider the following factors in determining whether or not a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty: • borrower is in default, • borrower has declared bankruptcy, • there is growing concern about the borrower's ability to continue as a going concern, • borrower has insufficient cash flows to service debt, • borrower's inability to obtain funds from other sources, and • there is a breach of financial covenants by the borrower. If the borrower is determined to be in financial difficulty, we consider the following conditions to determine if the borrower was granted a concession: • assets used to satisfy debt are less than our recorded investment, • interest rate is modified, • maturity date extension at an interest rate less than market rate, • capitalization of interest, • delaying principal and/or interest for a period of three months or more, and • partial forgiveness of the balance or charge-off. Mortgage loan workouts, refinances or restructures that are classified as TDRs are individually evaluated and measured for impairment. A summary of mortgage loans on commercial real estate with outstanding principal at December 31, 2016 and 2015 that we determined to be TDRs are as follows: Geographic Region Number of TDRs Principal Balance Outstanding Specific Loan Loss Allowance Net Carrying Amount (Dollars in thousands) Year ended December 31, 2016 South Atlantic 1 $ 3,004 $ — $ 3,004 East North Central 1 2,020 (467 ) 1,553 2 $ 5,024 $ (467 ) $ 4,557 Year ended December 31, 2015 South Atlantic 6 $ 11,155 $ (2,992 ) $ 8,163 East North Central 2 3,306 (467 ) 2,839 West North Central 1 5,913 — 5,913 9 $ 20,374 $ (3,459 ) $ 16,915

Derivative Instruments

Derivative Instruments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivative Instruments	Derivative Instruments None of our derivatives qualify for hedge accounting, thus, any change in the fair value of the derivatives is recognized immediately in the consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of our derivative instruments, including derivative instruments embedded in fixed index annuity contracts, presented in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Assets Derivative instruments Call options $ 830,519 $ 337,256 Other assets Interest rate caps 1,082 1,410 $ 831,601 $ 338,666 Liabilities Policy benefit reserves—annuity products Fixed index annuities—embedded derivatives $ 6,563,288 $ 5,983,622 Other liabilities Interest rate swap 2,113 3,139 $ 6,565,401 $ 5,986,761 The changes in fair value of derivatives included in the consolidated statements of operations are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Change in fair value of derivatives: Call options $ 165,029 $ (327,921 ) $ 521,947 2015 notes hedges — (4,516 ) (8,934 ) Interest rate swap (482 ) (2,341 ) (4,863 ) Interest rate caps (328 ) (1,368 ) (3,325 ) $ 164,219 $ (336,146 ) $ 504,825 Change in fair value of embedded derivatives: Fixed index annuities—embedded derivatives (see Note 2) $ 145,045 $ (825,668 ) $ (532,337 ) Other changes in difference between policy benefit reserves computed using derivative accounting vs. long-duration contracts accounting 398,420 365,486 579,885 2015 notes embedded conversion derivative (see Note 9) — (4,516 ) (19,036 ) 2029 notes embedded conversion derivative (see Note 9) — — 3,809 $ 543,465 $ (464,698 ) $ 32,321 The amounts presented as "Other changes in difference between policy benefit reserves computed using derivative accounting vs. long-duration contracts accounting" represents the total change in the difference between policy benefit reserves for fixed index annuities computed under the derivative accounting standard and the long-duration contracts accounting standard at each balance sheet date, less the change in fair value of our fixed index annuities embedded derivatives that is presented as Level 3 liabilities in Note 2. We have fixed index annuity products that guarantee the return of principal to the policyholder and credit interest based on a percentage of the gain in a specified market index. When fixed index annuity deposits are received, a portion of the deposit is used to purchase derivatives consisting of call options on the applicable market indices to fund the index credits due to fixed index annuity policyholders. Substantially all such call options are one year options purchased to match the funding requirements of the underlying policies. The call options are marked to fair value with the change in fair value included as a component of revenues. The change in fair value of derivatives includes the gains or losses recognized at the expiration of the option term or upon early termination and the changes in fair value for open positions. On the respective anniversary dates of the index policies, the index used to compute the annual index credit is reset and we purchase new one -year call options to fund the next annual index credit. We manage the cost of these purchases through the terms of our fixed index annuities, which permit us to change caps, participation rates, and/or asset fees, subject to guaranteed minimums on each policy's anniversary date. By adjusting caps, participation rates, or asset fees, we can generally manage option costs except in cases where the contractual features would prevent further modifications. Our strategy attempts to mitigate any potential risk of loss due to the nonperformance of the counterparties to these call options through a regular monitoring process which evaluates the program's effectiveness. We do not purchase call options that would require payment or collateral to another institution and our call options do not contain counterparty credit-risk-related contingent features. We are exposed to risk of loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties and, accordingly, we purchase our option contracts from multiple counterparties and evaluate the creditworthiness of all counterparties prior to purchase of the contracts. All of these options have been purchased from nationally recognized financial institutions with a Standard and Poor's credit rating of A- or higher at the time of purchase and the maximum credit exposure to any single counterparty is subject to concentration limits. We also have credit support agreements that allow us to request the counterparty to provide collateral to us when the fair value of our exposure to the counterparty exceeds specified amounts. The notional amount and fair value of our call options by counterparty and each counterparty's current credit rating are as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 Counterparty Credit Rating (S&P) Credit Rating (Moody's) Notional Amount Fair Value Notional Amount Fair Value (Dollars in thousands) Bank of America A+ A1 $ 5,958,884 $ 178,477 $ 6,257,861 $ 67,662 Barclays A- A1 3,441,832 89,721 2,463,768 35,273 BNP Paribas A A1 1,199,265 19,598 1,520,710 16,944 Citibank, N.A. A+ A1 4,038,528 97,094 3,786,498 23,587 Credit Suisse A A1 2,130,710 44,242 1,278,492 12,508 Deutsche Bank BBB+ Baa2 25,935 892 1,349,002 10,704 J.P. Morgan A+ Aa3 1,785,583 19,645 838,982 5,283 Morgan Stanley A+ A1 2,543,421 64,425 3,465,457 33,171 Royal Bank of Canada AA- Aa3 3,384,310 103,510 2,820,410 48,654 SunTrust A- Baa1 2,375,418 72,990 1,308,434 20,028 Wells Fargo AA- Aa2 3,850,842 130,545 4,187,955 63,442 Exchange traded 313,354 9,380 — — $ 31,048,082 $ 830,519 $ 29,277,569 $ 337,256 As of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , we held $827.8 million and $349.8 million , respectively, of cash and cash equivalents and other securities from counterparties for derivative collateral, which is included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. This derivative collateral limits the maximum amount of economic loss due to credit risk that we would incur if parties to the call options failed completely to perform according to the terms of the contracts to $55.5 million and $36.9 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. The future annual index credits on our fixed index annuities are treated as a "series of embedded derivatives" over the expected life of the applicable contract. We do not purchase call options to fund the index liabilities which may arise after the next policy anniversary date. We must value both the call options and the related forward embedded options in the policies at fair value. During the year ended December 31, 2014, we revised future period assumptions for lapse rates and the expected costs of annual call options used in determining fixed index annuity embedded derivatives. These revisions decreased the change in fair value of embedded derivatives for the year ended December 31, 2014 by $62.6 million , which after related adjustments to deferred sales inducements and deferred policy acquisition costs and income taxes, increased net income by $14.8 million . We entered into an interest rate swap and interest rate caps to manage interest rate risk associated with the floating rate component on certain of our subordinated debentures. See Note 10 for more information on our subordinated debentures. The terms of the interest rate swap provide that we pay a fixed rate of interest and receive a floating rate of interest. The terms of the interest rate caps limit the three month London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") to 2.50% . The interest rate swap and caps are not effective hedges under accounting guidance for derivative instruments and hedging activities. Therefore, we record the interest rate swap and caps at fair value and any net cash payments received or paid are included in the change in fair value of derivatives in the consolidated statements of operations. Details regarding the interest rate swap are as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 Maturity Date Notional Amount Receive Rate Pay Rate Counterparty Fair Value Fair Value (Dollars in thousands) March 15, 2021 $ 85,500 LIBOR 2.415% SunTrust $ (2,113 ) $ (3,139 ) Details regarding the interest rate caps are as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 Maturity Date Notional Amount Floating Rate Cap Rate Counterparty Fair Value Fair Value (Dollars in thousands) July 7, 2021 $ 40,000 LIBOR 2.50% SunTrust $ 542 $ 708 July 8, 2021 12,000 LIBOR 2.50% SunTrust 163 212 July 29, 2021 27,000 LIBOR 2.50% SunTrust 377 490 $ 79,000 $ 1,082 $ 1,410 The interest rate swap converts floating rates to fixed rates for seven years which began in March 2014. The interest rate caps cap our interest rates for seven years which began in July 2014. As of December 31, 2016 , we deposited $0.7 million of collateral with the counterparty to the swap and caps. In September 2010, concurrently with the issuance of $200.0 million principal amount of 3.50% Convertible Senior Notes due September 15, 2015 (the "2015 notes"), we entered into hedge transactions (the "2015 notes hedges") with two counterparties whereby we would receive the cash equivalent of the conversion spread on 16.0 million shares of our common stock based upon a strike price of $12.50 per share, subject to certain conversion rate adjustments in the 2015 notes. The number of shares and strike price of the 2015 notes hedges were subject to adjustment based on dividends we paid subsequent to their purchase. The 2015 notes hedges expired on September 15, 2015, and we received $25.8 million in cash. The 2015 notes hedges were accounted for as derivative assets and were included in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. The 2015 notes embedded conversion derivative liability was settled with the extinguishment of the 2015 notes (see Note 9) whereby we paid holders of the notes a total of $25.8 million in cash to settle the conversion premium. The 2015 notes hedges and 2015 notes embedded conversion derivative were adjusted to fair value each reporting period and unrealized gains and losses are reflected in our consolidated statements of operations. In separate transactions, we sold warrants (the "2015 warrants") to the 2015 notes hedges counterparties for the purchase of up to 16.0 million shares of our common stock at a price of $16.00 per share. We received $15.6 million in cash proceeds from the sale of the 2015 warrants, which was recorded as an increase in additional paid-in capital. The number of shares and strike price of the warrants were subject to adjustment based on dividends we paid subsequent to selling the warrants. The warrants expired on various dates from December 2015 through June 2016. Changes in the fair value of these warrants were not be recognized in our consolidated financial statements as the instruments remain classified as equity. In December 2015, we began settling the 2015 warrants in net shares on a weekly basis, and completed the settlement of all warrants by June 30, 2016. 140,866 shares of our common stock were delivered to holders of the expiring warrants, of which 92,998 shares were issued during 2016. 2015 warrants remained outstanding on 1.6 million shares of our common stock at a strike price of $15.59 per share at December 31, 2015. As the average price of our common stock exceeded the strike price of the 2015 warrants while they were outstanding the dilutive effect of the 2015 warrants has been included in diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. In 2014, we entered into five separate partial unwind agreements with the counterparties to the 2015 notes hedges and the 2015 warrants to coincide with the extinguishment of a portion of our 2015 notes (see Note 9) whereby we agreed to settle the related 2015 notes hedges and the 2015 warrants and received net cash from the counterparties totaling $16.6 million . The agreements to settle the 2015 warrants in cash required us to reclassify $51.3 million from equity to a derivative liability which represented the fair value of the 2015 warrants committed to the unwind on the day that we entered into the unwind agreements. The fair value of these warrants did not change after reclassification as they were settled in cash at the time the agreements were executed.

Deferred Policy Acquisition Cos

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Insurance [Abstract]
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducements	Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducements Policy acquisition costs deferred and amortized are as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Balance at beginning of year $ 2,905,136 $ 2,058,556 $ 2,426,652 Costs deferred during the year: Commissions 538,863 651,094 421,802 Policy issue costs 4,462 6,545 5,080 Amortization (374,012 ) (286,114 ) (163,578 ) Effect of net unrealized gains/losses (169,072 ) 475,055 (631,400 ) Balance at end of year $ 2,905,377 $ 2,905,136 $ 2,058,556 Sales inducements deferred and amortized are as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Balance at beginning of year $ 2,232,148 $ 1,587,257 $ 1,875,880 Costs deferred during the year 353,966 486,924 330,079 Amortization (251,166 ) (209,390 ) (131,419 ) Effect of net unrealized gains/losses (126,730 ) 367,357 (487,283 ) Balance at end of year $ 2,208,218 $ 2,232,148 $ 1,587,257 We periodically revise the key assumptions used in the calculation of amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements retrospectively through an unlocking process when estimates of current or future gross profits/margins (including the impact of realized investment gains and losses) to be realized from a group of products are revised. The unlocking adjustments in 2016 increased amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs by $48.2 million and amortization of deferred sales inducements by $35.8 million . We review these assumptions quarterly and as a result of this review we made adjustments in the first and third quarters of 2016. During the first quarter of 2016, we made adjustments to lower future spread assumptions after comparing investment spread assumptions to actual investment spreads earned in the three months ended December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2016 and determining that decreases in the average yield earned on invested assets resulting from the continued low interest rate environment was creating shortfalls in investment spread and gross profits. During the third quarter of 2016, we made adjustments to extend the period of time in which we assume investment spread will grade up to our long-term spread targets by an additional two years as yields obtained on investments purchased in the third quarter of 2016 were much lower than we had anticipated as a result of the overall decline in investment yields that followed the Brexit vote. In addition, during the third quarter of 2016, revisions to assumptions used in determining reserves held for living income benefit riders resulted in a decrease in estimated future gross profits. The unlocking adjustment in 2015 decreased amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs by $11.0 million and amortization of deferred sales inducements by $5.6 million and included the impact of account balance true-ups as of September 30, 2015, which have been favorable to us due to stronger equity market performance than we assumed, favorable adjustments to lapse assumptions to reflect better persistency experienced than assumed and unfavorable adjustments to investment spread to reflect lower spreads being earned than assumed. In 2015, the favorable impact of the account balance true-up and lapse assumption change was largely offset by reductions in estimated future gross profits attributable to revisions to the assumptions for the lifetime income benefit rider liability. The unlocking adjustment in 2014 decreased amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs by $35.5 million and amortization for deferred sales inducements by $12.6 million and included the impact of account value true-ups as of September 30, 2014 and adjustments to future period assumptions for interest margins, surrenders and certain expenses.

Reinsurance and Policy Provisio

Reinsurance and Policy Provisions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]
Reinsurance and Policy Provisions	Reinsurance and Policy Provisions Coinsurance We have two coinsurance agreements with EquiTrust Life Insurance Company ("EquiTrust"), covering 70% of certain of American Equity Life's fixed index and fixed rate annuities issued from August 1, 2001 through December 31, 2001, 40% of those contracts issued during 2002 and 2003, and 20% of those contracts issued from January 1, 2004 to July 31, 2004. The business reinsured under these agreements may not be recaptured. Coinsurance deposits (aggregate policy benefit reserves transferred to EquiTrust under these agreements) were $0.7 billion and $0.8 billion at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. We remain liable to policyholders with respect to the policy liabilities ceded to EquiTrust should EquiTrust fail to meet the obligations it has coinsured. None of the coinsurance deposits with EquiTrust are deemed by management to be uncollectible. The balance due under these agreements to EquiTrust was $9.7 million and $2.5 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively, and represents the fair value of call options held by us to fund index credits related to the ceded business net of cash due to or from EquiTrust related to monthly settlements of policy activity and other expenses. We have three coinsurance agreements with Athene Life Re Ltd. ("Athene"), an unauthorized life reinsurer domiciled in Bermuda. One agreement ceded 20% of certain of American Equity Life's fixed index annuities issued from January 1, 2009 through March 31, 2010. The business reinsured under this agreement is not eligible for recapture until the end of the month following seven years after the date of issuance of the policy. The second agreement ceded 80% of American Equity Life's multi-year rate guaranteed annuities issued from July 1, 2009 through December 31, 2013 and 80% of Eagle Life's multi-year rate guaranteed annuities issued from November 20, 2013 through December 31, 2013. The business reinsured under this agreement may not be recaptured. The third agreement cedes 80% of American Equity Life's and Eagle Life's multi-year rate guaranteed annuities issued on or after January 1, 2014, 80% of Eagle Life's fixed index annuities issued on or after January 1, 2014 and 80% of certain of American Equity Life's fixed index annuities issued from August 1, 2016 through December 31, 2016. The reinsurance agreement specifies that the coinsurance percentage for Eagle Life's fixed index annuities decreases to 50% for policies issued between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018, and to 20% for policies issued on or after January 1, 2019. The business reinsured under this agreement may not be recaptured. Coinsurance deposits (aggregate policy benefit reserves transferred to Athene under these agreements) were $3.9 billion and $2.4 billion at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. American Equity Life is an intermediary for reinsurance of Eagle Life's business ceded to Athene. American Equity Life and Eagle Life remain liable to policyholders with respect to the policy liabilities ceded to Athene should Athene fail to meet the obligations it has coinsured. The annuity deposits that have been ceded to Athene are held in trusts and American Equity Life is named as the sole beneficiary of the trusts. The assets in the trusts are required to remain at a value that is sufficient to support the current balance of policy benefit liabilities of the ceded business on a statutory basis. If the value of the trust accounts would ever be less than the amount of the ceded policy benefit liabilities on a statutory basis, Athene is required to either establish a letter of credit or deposit securities in the trusts for the amount of any shortfall. None of the coinsurance deposits with Athene are deemed by management to be uncollectible. The balance due under these agreements to Athene was $45.8 million and $12.7 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively, and represents the fair value of call options held by us to fund index credits related to the ceded business net of cash due from Athene related to monthly settlements of policy activity. Amounts ceded to EquiTrust and Athene under these agreements are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Consolidated Statements of Operations Annuity product charges $ 5,366 $ 5,427 $ 5,956 Change in fair value of derivatives 18,446 (14,360 ) 31,076 $ 23,812 $ (8,933 ) $ 37,032 Interest sensitive and index product benefits $ 93,487 $ 88,923 $ 122,666 Change in fair value of embedded derivatives 23,848 (22,616 ) 35,820 Other operating costs and expenses 24,039 9,922 9,241 $ 141,374 $ 76,229 $ 167,727 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Annuity deposits $ (1,736,054 ) $ (471,822 ) $ (171,124 ) Cash payments to policyholders 418,499 391,045 280,308 $ (1,317,555 ) $ (80,777 ) $ 109,184 Financing Arrangements We have a reinsurance transaction with Hannover Life Reassurance Company of America ("Hannover"), which is treated as reinsurance under statutory accounting practices and as a financing arrangement under GAAP. The statutory surplus benefit under this agreement is eliminated under GAAP and the associated charges are recorded as risk charges and included in other operating costs and expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. The transaction became effective July 1, 2013 (the "2013 Hannover Transaction"). The 2013 Hannover Transaction, which was amended effective October 1, 2016, is a yearly renewable term reinsurance agreement for statutory purposes covering 45.6% of waived surrender charges related to penalty free withdrawals, deaths and lifetime income benefit rider payments as well as lifetime income benefit rider payments in excess of policy fund values on certain business. We may recapture the risks reinsured under this agreement as of the end of any quarter after December 31, 2020 and the agreement, as amended, makes it punitive to us if we do not recapture the business ceded no later than the first quarter of 2021. The reserve credit recorded on a statutory basis by American Equity Life was $638.1 million and $480.7 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. We pay quarterly reinsurance premiums under this agreement with an experience refund calculated on a quarterly basis and a risk charge based on the pretax statutory benefit as of the end of each calendar quarter. Risk charges attributable to the 2013 Hannover Transaction were $27.7 million and $21.0 million during 2016 and 2015 . Prior to its recapture in 2015, we had a coinsurance and yearly renewable term reinsurance agreement for statutory purposes that provided $49.2 million in net pretax statutory surplus benefit at inception in 2011 (the "2011 Hannover Transaction"). Pursuant to the terms of this agreement, pretax statutory surplus was reduced by $10.3 million and $10.8 million in 2015 and 2014 , respectively. These amounts include risk charges equal to 1.25% of the pretax statutory surplus benefit as of the end of each calendar quarter. Risk charges attributable to the 2011 Hannover Transaction were $0.3 million and $0.8 million during 2015 and 2014 , respectively. Indemnity Reinsurance In the normal course of business, we seek to limit our exposure to loss on any single insured and to recover a portion of benefits paid under our annuity, life and accident and health insurance products by ceding reinsurance to other insurance enterprises or reinsurers. Reinsurance contracts do not relieve us of our obligations to our policyholders. To the extent that reinsuring companies are later unable to meet obligations under reinsurance agreements, our life insurance subsidiaries would be liable for these obligations, and payment of these obligations could result in losses to us. To limit the possibility of such losses, we evaluate the financial condition of our reinsurers, and monitor concentrations of credit risk. No allowance for uncollectible amounts has been established against our asset for amounts receivable from other insurance companies as none of the receivables are deemed by management to be uncollectible.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income Taxes We file consolidated federal income tax returns that include all of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. Our income tax expense as presented in the consolidated financial statements is summarized as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Consolidated statements of operations: Current income taxes $ 57,412 $ 75,568 $ 116,545 Deferred income taxes (benefits) (10,408 ) 41,916 (46,504 ) Total income tax expense included in consolidated statements of operations 47,004 117,484 70,041 Stockholders' equity: Expense (benefit) relating to: Change in net unrealized investment losses 74,471 (279,860 ) 363,572 Share-based compensation (527 ) (3,649 ) (5,716 ) Extinguishment of convertible debt — — (9,284 ) Total income tax expense (benefit) included in consolidated financial statements $ 120,948 $ (166,025 ) $ 418,613 Income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations differed from the amount computed at the applicable statutory federal income tax rate of 35% as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Income before income taxes $ 130,247 $ 337,314 $ 196,064 Income tax expense on income before income taxes $ 45,586 $ 118,060 $ 68,622 Tax effect of: State income taxes 2,559 2,924 1,145 Tax exempt net investment income (2,167 ) (3,834 ) (3,669 ) Extinguishment of convertible debt — — 4,202 Other 1,026 334 (259 ) Income tax expense $ 47,004 $ 117,484 $ 70,041 Effective tax rate 36.1 % 34.8 % 35.7 % Deferred income tax assets or liabilities are established for temporary differences between the financial reporting amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in deductible or taxable amounts, respectively, in future years. The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , are as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Deferred income tax assets: Policy benefit reserves $ 2,354,786 $ 2,092,731 Other than temporary impairments 15,681 7,801 Derivative instruments — 91,638 Amounts due reinsurer 1,321 — Other policyholder funds 6,474 6,861 Litigation settlement accrual 1,709 7,100 Deferred compensation 7,963 8,346 Share-based compensation 5,407 5,286 Net operating loss carryforwards 3,745 6,637 Other 9,658 8,031 Gross deferred tax assets 2,406,744 2,234,431 Deferred income tax liabilities: Deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements (1,951,333 ) (1,860,722 ) Net unrealized gains on available for sale fixed maturity and equity securities (170,925 ) (96,454 ) Derivative instruments (75,405 ) — Amounts due reinsurer — (9,677 ) Investment income items (39,118 ) (32,466 ) Other (1,385 ) (2,429 ) Gross deferred tax liabilities (2,238,166 ) (2,001,748 ) Net deferred income tax asset $ 168,578 $ 232,683 Included in the deferred income taxes is the expected income tax benefit attributable to unrealized losses on available for sale fixed maturity securities. There is no valuation allowance provided for the deferred income tax asset attributable to unrealized losses on available for sale fixed maturity securities. Management expects that the passage of time will result in the reversal of these unrealized losses due to the fair value increasing as these securities near maturity. We have the intent and ability to hold these securities to maturity, because we generate adequate cash flow from new business to fund all foreseeable cash flow needs and do not believe it would be necessary to liquidate these securities at a loss to meet cash flow needs. Realization of our deferred income tax assets is more likely than not based on expectations as to our future taxable income and considering all other available evidence, both positive and negative. Therefore, no valuation allowance against deferred income tax assets has been established as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 . There were no material income tax contingencies requiring recognition in our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2016 . We are no longer subject to income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2012. At December 31, 2016 , we have no non-life net operating loss carryforwards remaining for federal income tax purposes.

Notes and Loan Payable and Amou

Notes and Loan Payable and Amounts Due Under Repurchase Agreements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Notes and Loan Payable and Amounts Due Under Repurchase Agreements	Notes and Loan Payable and Amounts Due Under Repurchase Agreements Notes and loan payable includes the following: December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Senior notes due 2021 Principal $ 400,000 $ 400,000 Unamortized debt issue costs (5,733 ) (6,773 ) Term loan due 2019 Principal 100,000 — Unamortized debt issue costs (512 ) — $ 493,755 $ 393,227 On July 17, 2013, we issued $400 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes due 2021 which bear interest at 6.625% per year and will mature on July 15, 2021. Contractual interest is payable semi-annually in arrears each January 15th and July 15th. The initial transaction fees and expenses totaling $9.0 million were capitalized as deferred financing costs and are being amortized over the term of the notes due 2021 using the effective interest method. We used $15 million of the net proceeds from the issuance to repay the entire amount outstanding under our revolving credit facility and the remainder of the net proceeds was used to pay the cash consideration portion of the convertible notes exchange offers and redemption discussed below. In September 2010, we issued $200.0 million principal amount of 2015 notes. The 2015 notes had a coupon interest rate of 3.5% per year, matured on September 15, 2015, and were settled in cash on the maturity date. Contractual interest was payable semi-annually in arrears each March 15th and September 15th. The initial transaction fees and expenses totaling $6.8 million were capitalized as deferred financing costs and were amortized over the term of the 2015 notes using the effective interest method. The conversion option of the 2015 notes (the "2015 notes embedded conversion derivative") was an embedded derivative that required bifurcation from the 2015 notes and was accounted for as a derivative liability, which was included in Other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of the 2015 notes embedded conversion derivative at the time of issuance of the 2015 notes was $37.0 million , and was recorded as the original debt discount for purposes of accounting for the debt component of the 2015 notes. This discount was amortized and recognized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the 2015 notes. In December 2009, we issued $115.8 million of contingent convertible senior notes due December 15, 2029 (the "2029 notes"), of which $15.6 million was assigned to the equity component (net of income tax of $11.0 million ), and was recorded as the original debt discount for purposes of accounting for the debt component of the 2029 notes. The 2029 notes had a coupon interest rate of 5.25% per annum. Interest was payable semi-annually in arrears on June 6 and December 6 of each year. We were required to include the dilutive effect of the 2029 notes in our diluted earnings per share calculation. Because these notes included a mandatory cash settlement feature for the principal amount, incremental dilutive shares only existed when the fair value of our common stock at the end of the reporting period exceeded the conversion price per share. The conversion premium of the 2029 notes was dilutive and the effect was included in diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2014. The 2015 notes were excluded from the dilutive effect in our diluted earnings per share calculation as they were intended to be settled only in cash. The 2015 notes matured and were extinguished on September 15, 2015. Total consideration paid to holders of the 2015 notes at maturity was $48.2 million in cash, which included $22.4 million principal amount and $25.8 million conversion premium. See Note 5 for a discussion of the settlement of the 2015 notes embedded derivative liability. In 2014, we extinguished $69.6 million principal amount of our 2015 notes and $36.2 million principal amount of our 2029 notes pursuant to private exchange offers with holders of our outstanding convertible debt instruments. Total consideration paid to holders of the 2015 notes consisted of $82.9 million in cash and $48.2 million in shares of our common stock ( 2,115,055 shares ). Total consideration paid to holders of the 2029 notes consisted of $66.7 million in cash and $23.2 million in shares of our common stock ( 946,793 shares ). Total consideration paid to the holders of the 2015 notes and 2029 notes excludes the accrued interest through the settlement date that was also paid. The carrying value of the convertible notes at extinguishment was $66.0 million and $34.6 million for the 2015 notes and the 2029 notes, respectively, and losses net of tax of $4.8 million for the 2015 notes and $2.5 million for the 2029 notes were recognized. Also in 2014, we issued a notice of mandatory redemption of all of the 2029 notes that were outstanding at the time the notice was issued and amended the terms of the indenture governing the 2029 notes to provide the holders with the option of receiving the conversion value of their notes entirely in cash rather than cash for the principal amount and net shares for the portion of the conversion value that exceeds the principal amount. As a result of this mandatory redemption and the change in terms, $32.1 million principal amount of the 2029 notes was converted into $69.4 million in cash and $24.6 million in shares of our common stock ( 897,548 shares ). The amendment to the conversion terms resulted in a reclassification of the fair value of the conversion premium for the 2029 notes from equity to an embedded conversion derivative liability. The fair value of the conversion premium on the date of reclassification was $58.1 million . We applied fair value accounting to the embedded derivative liability from the date of reclassification to the dates of settlement of the conversions of the 2029 notes and recognized as expense the $3.8 million increase in the fair value of the embedded conversion derivative liability. The debt discounts were amortized over the expected lives of the notes, which was December 15, 2014 for the 2029 notes and September 15, 2015 for the 2015 notes. The effective interest rates during the discount amortization periods were 8.9% and 11.9% on the 2015 notes and 2029 notes, respectively. The interest cost recognized in operations for the convertible notes, inclusive of the coupon and amortization of the discount and debt issue costs was $1.4 million , and $9.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 , respectively. On September 30, 2016, we entered into a credit agreement with six banks that provided for a $150 million unsecured revolving line of credit (the "Revolving Facility") that terminates on September 30, 2021 and a $100 million term loan (the "Term Loan") that terminates on September 30, 2019 and can be prepaid prior to maturity without penalty. We utilized the proceeds from the Term Loan to make a contribution to the capital and surplus of our subsidiary, American Equity Life. Any proceeds from the Revolving Facility will be used to finance our general corporate purposes. Interest is paid quarterly on the Term Loan. The interest rate for all borrowings under the credit agreement is floating at a rate based on our election that will be equal to the alternate base rate (as defined in the credit agreement) plus the applicable margin or the adjusted LIBOR rate (as defined in the credit agreement) plus the applicable margin. We also pay a commitment fee based on the available unused portion of the Revolving Facility. The applicable margin and commitment fee rate are based on our credit rating and can change throughout the period of the borrowings. Based upon our current credit rating, the applicable margin is 0.75% for alternate base rate borrowings and 1.75% for adjusted LIBOR rate borrowings, and the commitment fee is 0.275% . The interest rate in effect on the Term Loan in 2016 was 2.625% . Under this agreement, we are required to maintain a minimum risk-based capital ratio at our subsidiary, American Equity Life, of 275% , a maximum ratio of adjusted debt to total adjusted capital of 0.35 , and a minimum level of statutory surplus at American Equity Life equal to the sum of 1) 80% of statutory surplus at June 30, 2016, 2) 50% of the statutory net income for each fiscal quarter ending after June 30, 2016, and 3) 50% of all capital contributed to American Equity Life after June 30, 2016. The Revolving Facility contains an accordion feature that allows us, on up to three occasions and subject to credit availability, to increase the credit facility by an additional $50 million in the aggregate. We also have the ability to extend the maturity date of the Revolving Facility by an additional one year past the initial maturity date of September 30, 2021 with the consent of the extending banks. There are currently no guarantors of the Revolving Facility or the Term Loan, but certain of our subsidiaries must guarantee our obligations under the credit agreement if such subsidiaries guarantee other material amounts of our debt. No amounts were outstanding under the Revolving Facility at December 31, 2016 . As of December 31, 2016 , $575.6 million is unrestricted and could be distributed to shareholders and still be in compliance with all covenants under this credit agreement. The preceding replaced a $140 million unsecured revolving line of credit agreement with five banks dated November 22, 2013 that was scheduled to terminate on November 22, 2017. As part of our investment strategy, we enter into securities repurchase agreements (short-term collateralized borrowings). The maximum amount borrowed during 2016 , 2015 and 2014 was $113.0 million , $40.6 million and $138.7 million , respectively. When we do borrow cash on these repurchase agreements, we pledge collateral in the form of debt securities with fair values approximately equal to the amount due and we use the cash to purchase debt securities ahead of the time we collect the cash from selling annuity policies to avoid a lag between the investment of funds and the obligation to credit interest to policyholders. We earn investment income on the securities purchased with these borrowings at a rate in excess of the cost of these borrowings. Such borrowings averaged $4.5 million , $0.5 million and $9.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively. The weighted average interest rate on amounts due under repurchase agreements was 0.66% , 0.39% and 0.19% for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively.

Subordinated Debentures

Subordinated Debentures	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Subordinated Borrowings [Abstract]
Subordinated Debentures	Subordinated Debentures Our wholly-owned subsidiary trusts (which are not consolidated) have issued fixed rate and floating rate trust preferred securities and have used the proceeds from these offerings to purchase subordinated debentures from us. We also issued subordinated debentures to the trusts in exchange for all of the common securities of each trust. The sole assets of the trusts are the subordinated debentures and any interest accrued thereon. The interest payment dates on the subordinated debentures correspond to the distribution dates on the trust preferred securities issued by the trusts. The trust preferred securities mature simultaneously with the subordinated debentures. Our obligations under the subordinated debentures and related agreements provide a full and unconditional guarantee of payments due under the trust preferred securities. All subordinated debentures are callable by us at any time, except for the Trust II subordinated debt obligations. Following is a summary of subordinated debt obligations to the trusts at December 31, 2016 and 2015 : December 31, 2016 2015 Interest Rate Due Date (Dollars in thousands) American Equity Capital Trust II $ 77,061 $ 76,840 5% June 1, 2047 American Equity Capital Trust III 27,840 27,840 *LIBOR + 3.90% April 29, 2034 American Equity Capital Trust IV 12,372 12,372 *LIBOR + 4.00% January 8, 2034 American Equity Capital Trust VII 10,830 10,830 *LIBOR + 3.75% December 14, 2034 American Equity Capital Trust VIII 20,620 20,620 *LIBOR + 3.75% December 15, 2034 American Equity Capital Trust IX 15,470 15,470 *LIBOR + 3.65% June 15, 2035 American Equity Capital Trust X 20,620 20,620 *LIBOR + 3.65% September 15, 2035 American Equity Capital Trust XI 20,620 20,620 *LIBOR + 3.65% December 15, 2035 American Equity Capital Trust XII 41,238 41,238 *LIBOR + 3.50% April 7, 2036 246,671 246,450 Unamortized debt issue costs (4,818 ) (4,998 ) $ 241,853 $ 241,452 *—three month London Interbank Offered Rate The principal amount of the subordinated debentures issued by us to American Equity Capital Trust II ("Trust II") is $100.0 million . These debentures were assigned a fair value of $74.7 million at the date of issue (based upon an effective yield-to-maturity of 6.8% ). The difference between the fair value at the date of issue and the principal amount is being accreted over the life of the debentures. The trust preferred securities issued by Trust II were issued to Iowa Farm Bureau Federation, which owns more than 50% of the voting capital stock of FBL Financial Group, Inc. ("FBL"). The consideration received by Trust II in connection with the issuance of its trust preferred securities consisted of fixed income securities of equal value which were issued by FBL.

Retirement and Share-based Comp

Retirement and Share-based Compensation Plans	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Retirement and Share-based Compensation Plans	Retirement and Share-based Compensation Plans We have adopted a contributory defined contribution plan which is qualified under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The plan covers substantially all of our full-time employees subject to minimum eligibility requirements. Employees can contribute a percentage of their annual salary (up to a maximum contribution of $18,000 in 2016 , $18,000 in 2015 and $17,500 in 2014 ) to the plan. We contribute an additional amount, subject to limitations, based on the voluntary contribution of the employee. Further, the plan provides for additional employer contributions based on the discretion of the Board of Directors. Plan contributions charged to expense were $1.3 million , $0.4 million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively. The following table summarizes compensation expense recognized for employees, directors and consultants as a result of share-based compensation: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) ESOP $ 2,522 $ 2,604 $ 2,486 Employee Incentive Plans 1,207 1,911 1,306 Director Equity and Incentive Plan and Stock Option Plan 685 613 789 $ 4,414 $ 5,128 $ 4,581 The principal purpose of the American Equity Investment Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") is to provide each eligible employee with an equity interest in us. Employees become eligible once they have completed a minimum of six months of service. Employees become 100% vested after two years of service. Our contribution to the ESOP is determined by the Board of Directors. In 2016, we adopted the 2016 Employee Incentive Plan which authorized the issuance of up to 2,500,000 shares of our Common stock in the form of grants of options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units. At December 31, 2016, we had 2,226,256 shares of common stock available for future grant under the 2016 Employee Incentive Plan. The 2009 Employee Incentive Plan, which expired in June of 2014, authorized the issuance of up to 2,500,000 shares of our common stock in the form of grants of options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units. All options granted under this plan had six or ten year terms and a three year vesting period after which they become fully exercisable immediately. We have a long-term performance incentive plan under which certain members of our senior management team are granted restricted stock units pursuant to the 2016 Employee Incentive Plan or the 2009 Employee Incentive Plan. During 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , we granted 208,565 , 60,947 and 54,718 restricted stock units under these plans, respectively. Vesting is tied to threshold and target performance goals for the three year period ending December 31, 2018 , December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. Fifty percent of the restricted stock units will vest if we meet threshold goals and 100% of the restricted stock units will vest if we meet target performance goals. Compensation expense is recognized over the three year vesting period based on the likelihood of meeting threshold and target goals. Restricted stock units that ultimately vest are payable in an equal number of shares of our common stock. Restricted stock units are accounted for as equity awards and the estimated fair value of restricted stock units is based upon the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. During 2016, the 2015 restricted stock unit award agreements were amended and the restricted stock units granted during 2015 will be settled in cash if earned. This amendment was due to an administrative issue related to the grant, which was made under an expired equity plan. During 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , we issued 43,373 , 25,784 and 18,239 ( 43,373 , 23,062 and 14,869 shares were restricted stock), respectively, shares of common stock under the 2016 Employee Incentive Plan or the 2009 Employee Incentive Plan to certain employees. These shares will vest on the date three years following the grant date provided the participant remains employed with us. Compensation expense is recognized over the three year vesting period. Shares vest immediately for participants over 65 years of age with 10 years of service with us, and compensation expense under this plan for these participants was recognized upon approval of the incentive award by the compensation committee. During 2016, the shares of restricted stock granted during 2015 were canceled due to an administrative issue related to the grant, which was made under an expired equity plan. During 2016, we issued 21,806 shares of common stock to the employees impacted by the cancellation taking into consideration the canceled 2015 grants. The 2013 Director Equity and Incentive Plan authorizes the grant of options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units convertible into or based upon our common stock of up to 250,000 shares to our Directors. During 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , we issued 47,500 , 22,000 and 24,000 shares of common stock, respectively, all of which are restricted stock, and which vest one year from the grant date provided the individual remains a Director during that time period. At 2016 , we had 116,500 shares of common stock available for future grant under the 2013 Director and Equity Incentive Plan. Our 1996 Stock Option Plan, 2000 Employee Stock Option Plan, 2000 Directors Stock Option Plan and 2011 Director Stock Option Plan authorized grants of options to officers, directors and employees for an aggregate of up to 3,475,000 shares of our common stock. All options granted under these plans have ten year terms and a six month or three year vesting period after which they become fully exercisable immediately. At December 31, 2016 , we had 18,000 shares of common stock available for future grant under the 2011 Director Stock Option Plan. During 2014, we established the 2014 Independent Insurance Agent Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit Plan, which was amended during 2016. Under the amended plan, agents of American Equity Life may receive grants of restricted stock and restricted stock units based upon their individual sales. The plan authorizes grants of up to 1,800,000 shares of our common stock. We recognize commission expense and an increase to additional paid-in capital as share-based compensation equal to the fair value of the restricted stock and restricted stock units as they are earned. In January 2017, American Equity Life's agents were granted 363,624 restricted stock units based on their production during 2016, and we recorded commission expense (capitalized as deferred policy acquisition costs) of $2.6 million in 2016. In January 2016, American Equity Life's agents were granted 650,683 restricted stock units based on their production during 2015, and we recorded commission expense (capitalized as deferred policy acquisition costs) of $3.5 million in 2015. In January 2017, agents vested in 246,532 restricted stock units granted in January 2016 based on their continued service as an independent agent and their 2016 individual sales of our products, and for which we recorded commission expense (capitalized as deferred policy acquisition costs) of $1.7 million in 2016. 20% of the restricted stock units will vest one year from the grant date if the agent is in good standing with American Equity Life at that date. The remaining 80% of the restricted stock units granted to retirement eligible individuals will vest over a four year period if the agent remains in good standing with American Equity Life. The remaining 80% of the restricted stock units granted to non-retirement eligible individuals will vest based on the agent's individual sales and continued service as an independent agent over a period of time not to exceed five years. In January 2015, American Equity Life's agents were granted 27,985 shares of restricted stock and 221,489 restricted stock units based on their production during 2014, and we recorded commission expense (capitalized as deferred policy acquisition costs) of $1.9 million in 2014. In January 2016, agents vested in 85,104 restricted stock units granted in January of 2015 based on their continued service as an independent agent and their 2015 individual sales of our products, and for which we recorded commission expense (capitalized as deferred policy acquisition costs) of $1.3 million in 2015. In January 2017, agents vested in 36,609 restricted stock units granted in January 2015 based on their continued service as an independent agent and their 2016 individual sales of our products, and for which we recorded commission expense (capitalized as deferred policy acquisition costs) of $0.6 million in 2016. The restricted stock was granted to retirement eligible individuals and vested immediately upon grant. 20% of the restricted stock units vested one year from the grant date if the agent was in good standing with American Equity Life at that date. The remaining 80% of the restricted stock units granted will vest based on the agent's individual sales and continued service as an independent agent over a period of time not to exceed five years. During 2007, 2010 and 2012 we established Independent Insurance Agent Stock Option plans. Under these plans, agents of American Equity Life received grants of options to acquire shares of our common stock based upon their individual sales. The plans authorize grants of options to agents for an aggregate of up to 8,000,000 shares of our common stock. We recognize commission expense and an increase to additional paid-in capital as share-based compensation equal to the fair value of the options as they are earned. Changes in the number of stock options outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 are as follows: Number of Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share Total Exercise Price (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) Outstanding at January 1, 2014 3,976,725 $ 10.86 $ 43,171 Granted 1,277,650 24.79 31,673 Canceled (35,400 ) 11.64 (412 ) Exercised (1,174,800 ) 11.64 (13,672 ) Outstanding at December 31, 2014 4,044,175 15.02 60,760 Granted — — — Canceled (47,300 ) 10.54 (499 ) Exercised (552,884 ) 14.51 (8,021 ) Outstanding at December 31, 2015 3,443,991 15.17 52,240 Granted — — — Canceled (24,700 ) 14.83 (366 ) Exercised (500,345 ) 9.97 (4,989 ) Outstanding at December 31, 2016 2,918,946 16.06 $ 46,885 The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 2016 : Stock Options Outstanding Stock Options Vested Range of Exercise Prices Number of Awards Remaining Life (yrs) Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share Number of Awards Remaining Life (yrs) Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share $5.07 - $8.02 248,225 1.74 $ 7.16 248,225 1.74 $ 7.16 $9.27 - $11.35 752,150 2.66 10.19 752,150 2.66 10.19 $12.04 - $24.79 1,918,571 3.24 19.52 1,918,571 3.24 19.52 $5.07 - $24.79 2,918,946 2.97 16.06 2,918,946 2.97 16.06 The aggregate intrinsic value for stock options outstanding and vested awards was $21.3 million and $21.3 million , respectively, at December 31, 2016 . For the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , the total intrinsic value of options exercised by officers, directors and employees was $4.0 million , $1.4 million and $5.4 million , respectively. Intrinsic value for stock options is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the price of our common stock as of the reporting date. Cash received from stock options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 was $5.0 million , $8.1 million and $13.7 million , respectively. The tax benefit realized for the tax deduction from the exercise of stock options by officers, directors, employees and agents for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , was $0.0 million , $0.0 million and $1.0 million , respectively. We have deferred compensation arrangements with certain officers, directors, and consultants, whereby these individuals agreed to take our common stock at a future date in lieu of cash payments at the time of service. The common stock is to be issued in conjunction with a "trigger event," as that term is defined in the individual agreements. At December 31, 2016 and 2015 , these individuals have earned, and we have reserved for future issuance, 364,000 and 366,072 shares of common stock, respectively, pursuant to these arrangements. No deferred compensation arrangements were in effect during 2016. We incurred expense of $102,000 and $127,000 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 , respectively, under these arrangements. We have deferred compensation agreements with certain officers whereby these individuals may defer certain salary and bonus compensation which is deposited into the American Equity Officer Rabbi Trust (Officer Rabbi Trust). The amounts deferred for certain employees are invested in assets at the direction of the employee. The assets of the Officer Rabbi Trust are included in our assets and a corresponding deferred compensation liability is recorded. The deferred compensation liability is recorded at the fair market value of the assets in the Officer Rabbi Trust with the change in fair value included as a component of compensation expense. The deferred compensation liability related to these agreements was $3.5 million and $3.7 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. The Officer Rabbi Trust held 102,932 shares and 103,251 shares of our common stock at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively, which are treated as treasury shares. During 1997, we established the American Equity Investment NMO Deferred Compensation Plan ("NMO Deferred Compensation Plan") whereby agents could earn common stock in addition to their normal commissions. The NMO Deferred Compensation Plan was effective until December 31, 2006 at which time it was suspended. Awards were calculated using formulas determined annually by our Board of Directors. These shares are being distributed at the end of the vesting and deferral period of nine years . We recognize commission expense and an increase to additional paid-in capital as share-based compensation when the awards vest. All outstanding shares issued under this plan were fully vested at December 31, 2010. At December 31, 2016 and 2015 , the total number of undistributed vested shares under the NMO Deferred Compensation Plan was 0 and 223,454 , respectively. These shares are included in the computation of earnings per share and earnings per share—assuming dilution. We have a Rabbi Trust, the NMO Deferred Compensation Trust (the "NMO Trust"), which has purchased shares of our common stock to fund the amount of vested shares under the NMO Deferred Compensation Plan. The common stock held in the NMO Trust is treated as treasury stock. The NMO Trust distributed 215,273 , 313,108 and 349,568 shares during 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively. The number of shares held by the NMO Trust at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , was 15,058 and 230,012 , respectively.

Statutory Financial Information

Statutory Financial Information and Dividend Restrictions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Insurance [Abstract]
Statutory Financial Information and Dividend Restrictions	Statutory Financial Information and Dividend Restrictions Statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by regulatory authorities for our life insurance subsidiaries differ from GAAP. Net income for our primary life insurance subsidiary as determined in accordance with statutory accounting practices was as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) American Equity Life $ 75,035 $ 131,452 $ 340,000 Statutory capital and surplus for our primary life insurance subsidiary was as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) American Equity Life $ 2,726,664 $ 2,415,419 American Equity Life is domiciled in the state of Iowa and is regulated by the Iowa Insurance Division. Life insurance companies are subject to the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC") risk-based capital (RBC) requirements which are intended to be used by insurance regulators as an early warning tool to identify deteriorating or weakly capitalized insurance companies for the purpose of initiating regulatory action. Calculations using the NAIC formula indicated that American Equity Life's ratio of total adjusted capital to the highest level of required capital at which regulatory action might be initiated (Company Action Level) is as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Total adjusted capital $ 2,933,193 $ 2,593,472 Company Action Level RBC 857,321 771,293 Ratio of adjusted capital to Company Action Level RBC 342 % 336 % Prior approval of regulatory authorities is required for the payment of dividends to the parent company by American Equity Life which exceed an annual limitation. American Equity Life may pay dividends without prior approval, unless such payments, together with all other such payments within the preceding twelve months, exceed the greater of (1) net gain from operations before net realized capital gains/losses for the preceding calendar year or, (2) 10% of the American Equity Life's surplus at the preceding year-end. The amount of dividends permitted to be paid by American Equity Life to its parent company without prior approval of regulatory authorities is $272.7 million as of December 31, 2016 . No dividends were paid by any of our insurance subsidiaries for any of the years presented in these financial statements. The Parent Company relies on its subsidiaries for cash flow, which has primarily been in the form of investment management fees and/or dividends. Retained earnings in our consolidated financial statements primarily represent undistributed earnings of American Equity Life. As such, our ability to pay dividends is limited by the regulatory restriction placed upon insurance companies as described above. In addition, American Equity Life retains funds to allow for sufficient capital for growth.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies We lease our home office space and certain equipment under various operating leases. Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 totaled $2.8 million , $2.7 million and $2.7 million , respectively. At December 31, 2016 , the aggregate future minimum lease payments are $16.9 million . The following represents payments due by period for operating lease obligations as of December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands): Year Ending December 31: 2017 $ 1,890 2018 1,915 2019 1,898 2020 1,950 2021 1,754 2022 and thereafter 7,464 We are occasionally involved in litigation, both as a defendant and as a plaintiff. In addition, state regulatory bodies, such as state insurance departments, the SEC, FINRA, the Department of Labor, and other regulatory bodies regularly make inquiries and conduct examinations or investigations concerning our compliance with, among other things, insurance laws, securities laws, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and laws governing the activities of broker/dealers. In accordance with applicable accounting guidelines, we establish an accrued liability for litigation and regulatory matters when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and estimable. As a litigation or regulatory matter is developing we, in conjunction with outside counsel, evaluate on an ongoing basis whether the matter presents a loss contingency that meets conditions indicating the need for accrual and/or disclosure, and if not the matter will continue to be monitored for further developments. If and when the loss contingency related to litigation or regulatory matters is deemed to be both probable and estimable, we will establish an accrued liability with respect to that matter and will continue to monitor the matter for further developments that may affect the amount of the accrued liability. Companies in the life insurance and annuity business have faced litigation, including class action lawsuits, alleging improper product design, improper sales practices and similar claims. We were a defendant in a purported class action, McCormack, et al. v. American Equity Investment Life Insurance Company, et al. , in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, Western Division and Anagnostis v. American Equity, et al. , coordinated in the Central District, entitled, In Re: American Equity Annuity Practices and Sales Litigation (complaint filed September 7, 2005) (the "Los Angeles Case"), involving allegations of improper sales practices and similar claims. The Los Angeles Case was a consolidated action involving several lawsuits filed by putative class members seeking class action status for a national class of purchasers of annuities issued by us. On July 30, 2013, the parties entered into a settlement agreement and stipulated to certification of the case as a class action for settlement purposes only. A class member filed an appeal with the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit on February 28, 2014. On February 17, 2016, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the terms of the settlement agreement and on April 6, 2016, the class member’s subsequent request for a rehearing en banc was denied. All remaining opportunities for appeal have passed. During the third quarter of 2016, we reduced the litigation liability related to the Los Angeles Case by $6.4 million as we paid out $1.8 million in partial settlement, reclassified $1.8 million from the litigation liability to policy benefit reserves and other policy funds and contract claims and released $2.8 million of the litigation liability as additional information became available concerning the nature and magnitude of claims based on the terms of the settlement. During the fourth quarter of 2016, we paid out an additional $4.1 million and reduced the litigation liability by $4.1 million . After this activity, we estimate our litigation liability in this matter to be $0.6 million based on our best estimate of probable loss. There can be no assurance that any other pending or future litigation will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. In addition to our commitments to fund mortgage loans, we have unfunded commitments at December 31, 2016 to limited partnerships of $48.4 million and to secured bank loans of $34.3 million .

Earnings Per Share and Stockhol

Earnings Per Share and Stockholders' Equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Earnings Per Share and Stockholders' Equity	Earnings Per Share and Stockholders' Equity Earnings Per Share The following table sets forth the computation of earnings per common share and earnings per common share—assuming dilution: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) Numerator: Net income—numerator for earnings per common share $ 83,243 $ 219,830 $ 126,023 Denominator : Weighted average common shares outstanding (1) 84,793,151 78,936,828 74,431,087 Effect of dilutive securities: Convertible senior notes — — 2,657,158 Equity forward sale agreements — 67,575 — 2015 warrants 15,136 759,723 1,559,646 Stock options and deferred compensation agreements 456,236 1,040,922 1,178,783 Restricted stock and restricted stock units 340,646 155,520 66,926 Denominator for earnings per common share—assuming dilution 85,605,169 80,960,568 79,893,600 Earnings per common share $ 0.98 $ 2.78 $ 1.69 Earnings per common share—assuming dilution $ 0.97 $ 2.72 $ 1.58 (1) Weighted average common shares outstanding include shares vested under the NMO Deferred Compensation Plan and exclude unallocated shares held by the ESOP. Options to purchase shares of our common stock that were outstanding during the respective periods indicated but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the options' exercise price was greater than the average market price of the common shares are as follows: Period Number of Shares Range of Exercise Prices Minimum Maximum Year ended December 31, 2016 1,054,091 $24.79 $24.79 Year ended December 31, 2015 1,061,541 $24.79 $24.79 Year ended December 31, 2014 1,215,450 $24.79 $24.79 Stockholders' Equity In August 2015, we completed an underwritten public offering of 8,600,000 shares of our common stock at a public offering price of $25.25 per share, of which 4,300,000 shares were subject to a forward sale agreement. The underwriters exercised in full their option to purchase 1,290,000 additional shares of common stock, which were subject to a separate forward sale agreement. We settled the forward sale agreements on August 1, 2016 and issued 5,590,000 shares of our common stock and received $134.7 million in net proceeds. We contributed the net proceeds from the settlement to the capital and surplus of American Equity Life. The forward sale agreements had no initial fair value since they were entered into at the then market price of the common stock. The forward sale agreements were equity instruments and qualified for an exception from derivative and fair value accounting.

Quarterly Financial Information

Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)	Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) Unaudited quarterly results of operations are summarized below. Quarter Ended March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31, (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) 2016 Premiums and product charges $ 43,850 $ 52,582 $ 60,406 $ 60,508 Net investment income 450,826 459,830 463,583 475,633 Change in fair value of derivatives (74,065 ) 39,099 103,794 95,391 Net realized gains (losses) on investments, excluding OTTI losses 2,687 2,737 5,256 844 Net OTTI losses recognized in operations (5,694 ) (4,446 ) (2,979 ) (9,560 ) Total revenues 417,604 549,802 630,060 622,816 Net income (loss) (44,841 ) 14,708 (7,420 ) 120,796 Earnings (loss) per common share (0.55 ) 0.18 (0.09 ) 1.37 Earnings (loss) per common share—assuming dilution (0.55 ) 0.18 (0.09 ) 1.35 2015 Premiums and product charges $ 35,679 $ 42,446 $ 46,310 $ 47,781 Net investment income 399,669 418,176 436,085 438,262 Change in fair value of derivatives (31,100 ) (23,024 ) (351,360 ) 69,338 Net realized gains (losses) on investments, excluding OTTI losses 4,879 4,324 1,159 (151 ) Net OTTI losses recognized in operations (132 ) (828 ) (5,229 ) (13,347 ) Total revenues 408,995 441,094 126,965 541,883 Net income 5,903 82,845 97,306 33,776 Earnings per common share 0.08 1.07 1.22 0.41 Earnings per common share—assuming dilution 0.07 1.05 1.19 0.40 Earnings (loss) per common share for each quarter is computed independently of earnings (loss) per common share for the year. As a result, the sum of the quarterly earnings (loss) per common share amounts may not equal the earnings (loss) per common share for the year. The differences between the change in fair value of derivatives for each quarter primarily correspond to the performance of the indices upon which our call options are based. The comparability of net income (loss) is impacted by the application of fair value accounting to our fixed index annuity business is as follows: Quarter Ended March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2016 $ 62,822 $ 34,215 $ 6,054 $ (66,618 ) 2015 42,849 (28,596 ) (53,716 ) 11,091

Schedule I - Summary of Investm

Schedule I - Summary of Investments - Other Than Investments in Related Parties	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Abstract]
Schedule I - Summary of Investments - Other Than Investments in Related Parties	Schedule I—Summary of Investments— Other Than Investments in Related Parties AMERICAN EQUITY INVESTMENT LIFE HOLDING COMPANY December 31, 2016 Column A Column B Column C Column D Type of Investment Amortized Cost (1) Fair Value Amount at which shown in the balance sheet (Dollars in thousands) Fixed maturity securities: Available for sale: United States Government full faith and credit $ 11,864 $ 11,805 $ 11,805 United States Government sponsored agencies 1,368,340 1,344,787 1,344,787 United States municipalities, states and territories 3,626,395 3,926,950 3,926,950 Foreign government obligations 224,588 232,233 232,233 Corporate securities 26,338,214 27,118,526 27,118,526 Residential mortgage backed securities 1,166,944 1,254,835 1,254,835 Commercial mortgage backed securities 5,422,255 5,365,235 5,365,235 Other asset backed securities 1,795,355 1,806,123 1,806,123 39,953,955 41,060,494 41,060,494 Held for investment: Corporate security 76,825 68,766 76,825 Total fixed maturity securities 40,030,780 41,129,260 41,137,319 Mortgage loans on real estate 2,480,956 2,522,035 2,480,956 Derivative instruments 313,729 830,519 830,519 Other investments 308,296 308,774 Total investments $ 43,133,761 $ 44,757,568 (1) On the basis of cost adjusted for other than temporary impairments, repayments and amortization of premiums and accrual of discounts for fixed maturity securities and short-term investments, original cost for derivative instruments and unpaid principal balance less allowance for credit losses for mortgage loans. See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Schedule II - Condensed Financi

Schedule II - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company Only Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule II - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant	December 31, 2016 2015 Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 36,394 $ 38,903 Equity securities of subsidiary trusts 7,422 7,415 Receivable from subsidiaries 182 207 Deferred income taxes 9,528 11,645 Federal income tax recoverable, including amount from subsidiaries — 7,747 Other assets 2,540 2,270 56,066 68,187 Investment in and advances to subsidiaries 2,992,217 2,526,972 Total assets $ 3,048,283 $ 2,595,159 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Liabilities: Notes and loan payable $ 493,755 $ 393,227 Subordinated debentures payable to subsidiary trusts 241,853 241,452 Federal income tax payable 3,614 — Other liabilities 17,466 15,945 Total liabilities 756,688 650,624 Stockholders' equity: Common stock 88,001 81,354 Additional paid-in capital 770,344 630,367 Accumulated other comprehensive income 339,966 201,663 Retained earnings 1,093,284 1,031,151 Total stockholders' equity 2,291,595 1,944,535 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 3,048,283 $ 2,595,159 See accompanying note to condensed financial statements. See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Revenues: Net investment income $ 78 $ 62 $ 130 Dividends from subsidiary trusts 384 363 360 Investment advisory fees 75,706 65,957 58,044 Surplus note interest from subsidiary 4,080 4,080 4,080 Change in fair value of derivatives (810 ) (8,225 ) (17,122 ) Loss on extinguishment of debt — — (12,502 ) Total revenues 79,438 62,237 32,990 Expenses: Change in fair value of embedded derivatives — (4,516 ) (15,227 ) Interest expense on notes and loan payable 28,248 28,849 36,370 Interest expense on subordinated debentures issued to subsidiary trusts 12,958 12,239 12,122 Other operating costs and expenses 8,551 8,195 7,928 Total expenses 49,757 44,767 41,193 Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries 29,681 17,470 (8,203 ) Income tax expense 12,073 7,338 664 Income (loss) before equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries 17,608 10,132 (8,867 ) Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries 65,635 209,698 134,890 Net income $ 83,243 $ 219,830 $ 126,023 See accompanying note to condensed financial statements. See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Operating activities Net income $ 83,243 $ 219,830 $ 126,023 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Change in fair value of 2015 notes embedded conversion derivative — (4,516 ) (15,227 ) Provision for depreciation and amortization 1,946 1,613 2,081 Accrual of discount on equity security (7 ) (6 ) (6 ) Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries (65,635 ) (209,698 ) (134,890 ) Accrual of discount on contingent convertible notes — 698 4,417 Change in fair value of derivatives (698 ) 6,377 15,619 Loss on extinguishment of debt — — 12,502 Accrual of discount on debenture issued to subsidiary trust 221 207 193 Share-based compensation 818 1,026 1,141 ESOP compensation — — 82 Deferred income taxes 2,117 8,967 6,439 Other — — (2,235 ) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Receivable from subsidiaries (125 ) 93 2,208 Federal income tax recoverable 11,361 2,683 1,121 Other assets (326 ) (4 ) 378 Other liabilities 2,546 (1,664 ) (7,256 ) Net cash provided by operating activities 35,461 25,606 12,590 Investing activities Capital contributions to subsidiaries $ (255,000 ) $ (120,000 ) $ — Purchases of property, plant and equipment (54 ) — — Net cash used in investing activities (255,054 ) (120,000 ) — Financing activities Financing fees incurred and deferred $ (1,456 ) $ — $ (100 ) Repayments of notes payable — (48,152 ) (219,094 ) Net proceeds from settlement of notes hedges and warrants — 25,775 16,558 Proceeds from issuance of debt 100,000 — — Excess tax benefits realized from share-based compensation plans — — 184 Proceeds from issuance of common stock 139,654 112,481 13,681 Dividends paid (21,114 ) (17,946 ) (15,221 ) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 217,084 72,158 (203,992 ) Decrease in cash and cash equivalents (2,509 ) (22,236 ) (191,402 ) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 38,903 61,139 252,541 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 36,394 $ 38,903 $ 61,139 Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information Cash paid during the year for: Interest on notes and loan payable $ 27,164 $ 27,283 $ 31,206 Interest on subordinated debentures 12,454 11,833 11,765 Non-cash financing activity: Common stock issued in extinguishment of debt — — 95,993 Common stock issued to settle warrants that have expired 93 48 — See accompanying note to condensed financial statements. See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. 1. Basis of Presentation The accompanying condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of American Equity Investment Life Holding Company (Parent Company). In the Parent Company financial statements, its investment in and advances to subsidiaries are stated at cost plus equity in undistributed income (losses) of subsidiaries since the date of acquisition and net unrealized gains/losses on the subsidiaries' fixed maturity securities classified as "available for sale" and equity securities. See Notes 9 and 10 to the consolidated financial statements for a description of the Parent Company's notes payable and subordinated debentures payable to subsidiary trusts.

Schedule III - Supplementary In

Schedule III - Supplementary Insurance Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Supplementary Insurance Information [Abstract]
Schedule III - Supplementary Insurance Information	Schedule III—Supplementary Insurance Information AMERICAN EQUITY INVESTMENT LIFE HOLDING COMPANY Column A Column B Column C Column D Column E Deferred policy acquisition costs Future policy benefits, losses, claims and loss expenses Unearned premiums Other policy claims and benefits payable (Dollars in thousands) As of December 31, 2016: Life insurance $ 2,905,377 $ 51,637,026 $ — $ 298,347 As of December 31, 2015: $ 2,905,136 $ 45,495,431 $ — $ 324,850 As of December 31, 2014: $ 2,058,556 $ 39,802,861 $ — $ 365,819 Column A Column F Column G Column H Column I Column J Premium revenue Net investment income Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs Other operating expenses (Dollars in thousands) For the year ended December 31, 2016: Life insurance $ 217,346 $ 1,849,872 $ 1,572,586 $ 374,012 $ 143,437 For the year ended December 31, 2015: $ 172,216 $ 1,692,192 $ 758,203 $ 286,114 $ 137,306 For the year ended December 31, 2014: $ 151,613 $ 1,531,667 $ 1,679,255 $ 163,578 $ 130,076 See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Schedule IV - Reinsurance

Schedule IV - Reinsurance	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Supplemental Schedule of Reinsurance Premiums for Insurance Companies [Abstract]
Schedule IV - Reinsurance	Schedule IV—Reinsurance AMERICAN EQUITY INVESTMENT LIFE HOLDING COMPANY Column A Column B Column C Column D Column E Column F Gross amount Ceded to other companies Assumed from other companies Net amount Percent of amount assumed to net (Dollars in thousands) Year ended December 31, 2016 Life insurance in force, at end of year $ 1,996,446 $ 10,045 $ 57,849 $ 2,044,250 2.83 % Insurance premiums and other considerations: Annuity product charges $ 178,945 $ 5,366 $ — $ 173,579 — Traditional life, accident and health insurance, and life contingent immediate annuity premiums 43,521 251 497 43,767 1.14 % $ 222,466 $ 5,617 $ 497 $ 217,346 0.23 % Year ended December 31, 2015 Life insurance in force, at end of year $ 2,036,690 $ 10,677 $ 56,882 $ 2,082,895 2.73 % Insurance premiums and other considerations: Annuity product charges $ 141,595 $ 5,427 $ — $ 136,168 — Traditional life, accident and health insurance, and life contingent immediate annuity premiums 35,715 256 589 36,048 1.63 % $ 177,310 $ 5,683 $ 589 $ 172,216 0.34 % Year ended December 31, 2014 Life insurance in force, at end of year $ 2,171,426 $ 11,548 $ 56,509 $ 2,216,387 2.55 % Insurance premiums and other considerations: Annuity product charges $ 124,946 $ 5,956 $ — $ 118,990 — Traditional life, accident and health insurance, and life contingent immediate annuity premiums 32,308 336 651 32,623 2.00 % $ 157,254 $ 6,292 $ 651 $ 151,613 0.43 % See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Schedule V - Valuation and Qual

Schedule V - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]
Schedule V - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	Schedule V—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts AMERICAN EQUITY INVESTMENT LIFE HOLDING COMPANY Balance January 1, Charged to Costs and Expenses Translation Adjustment Write-offs/ Payments/Other Balance December 31, (Dollars in thousands Year ended December 31, 2016 Valuation allowance on mortgage loans $ (14,142 ) $ (4,846 ) $ — $ 10,561 $ (8,427 ) Year ended December 31, 2015 Valuation allowance on mortgage loans $ (22,633 ) $ 1,018 $ — $ 7,473 $ (14,142 ) Year ended December 31, 2014 Valuation allowance on mortgage loans $ (26,047 ) $ (6,052 ) $ — $ 9,466 $ (22,633 ) See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Significant Accounting Polici29

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Consolidation and Basis of Presentation, Policy	Consolidation and Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and our wholly-owned subsidiaries: American Equity Life, American Equity Life of New York, Eagle Life, AERL, L.C., American Equity Capital, Inc., American Equity Investment Properties, L.C., American Equity Advisors, Inc. and American Equity Investment Service Company. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Estimates and Assumptions, Policy	Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions are utilized in the calculation of deferred policy acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements, policy benefit reserves, valuation of derivatives, including embedded derivatives on index annuity reserves, contingent convertible senior notes, valuation of investments, other than temporary impairment of investments, allowances for loan losses on mortgage loans and valuation allowances on deferred tax assets. A description of each critical estimate is incorporated within the discussion of the related accounting policies which follow. It is reasonably possible that actual experience could differ from the estimates and assumptions utilized.
Investments, Policy	Investments Fixed maturity securities (bonds and redeemable preferred stocks maturing more than one year after issuance) that may be sold prior to maturity are classified as available for sale. Available for sale securities are reported at fair value and unrealized gains and losses, if any, on these securities are included directly in a separate component of stockholders' equity, net of income taxes and certain adjustments for assumed changes in amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements. Fair values, as reported herein, of fixed maturity and equity securities are based on quoted market prices in active markets when available, or for those fixed maturity securities not actively traded, yield data and other factors relating to instruments or securities with similar characteristics are used. See Note 2 for more information on the determination of fair value. Premiums and discounts are amortized/accrued using methods which result in a constant yield over the securities' expected lives. Amortization/accrual of premiums and discounts on residential and commercial mortgage backed securities incorporate prepayment assumptions to estimate the securities' expected lives. Interest income is recognized as earned. Fixed maturity securities that we have the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held for investment. Such securities may, at times, be called prior to maturity. Held for investment securities are reported at cost adjusted for amortization of premiums and discounts. Changes in the fair value of these securities, except for declines that are other than temporary, are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. The carrying amounts of our impaired investments in fixed maturity and equity securities are adjusted for declines in value that are other than temporary. Other than temporary impairment losses are reported as a component of revenues in the consolidated statements of operations, which presents the amount of noncredit impairment losses for certain fixed maturity securities that is reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). See Note 3 for further discussion of other than temporary impairment losses. Deterioration in credit quality of the companies or assets backing our investment securities, deterioration in the condition of the financial services industry, imbalances in liquidity recurring in the marketplace or declines in real estate values may further affect the fair value of these investment securities and increase the potential that certain unrealized losses will be recognized as other than temporary impairments in the future. Mortgage loans on real estate are reported at cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accrual of discounts. Interest income is recorded when earned; however, interest ceases to accrue for loans on which interest is more than 90 days past due based upon contractual terms and/or when the collection of interest is not considered probable. We evaluate the mortgage loan portfolio for the establishment of a loan loss allowance by specific identification of impaired loans and the measurement of an estimated loss, if any, for each impaired loan identified and an analysis of the mortgage loan portfolio for the need of a general loan allowance for probable losses on all loans. If we determine that the value of any specific mortgage loan is impaired, the carrying amount of the mortgage loan will be reduced to its fair value, based upon the present value of expected future cash flows from the loan discounted at the loan's contractual interest rate, or the fair value of the underlying collateral, less costs to sell. The amount of the general loan allowance, if any, is based upon our evaluation of the probability of collection, historical loss experience, delinquencies, credit concentrations, underwriting standards and national and local economic conditions. The carrying value of impaired loans is reduced by the establishment of an allowance for loan losses, changes to which are recognized as realized gains or losses on investments. Interest income on impaired loans is recorded on a cash basis. Other invested assets include company owned life insurance, equity securities, real estate, limited partnerships accounted for using the equity method and policy loans. Company owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the end of the reporting period, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement. Equity securities are classified as available for sale and are reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are included directly in a separate component of stockholders' equity, net of income taxes and certain adjustments for assumed changes in amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements. Dividends are recognized when declared. Policy loans are stated at current unpaid principal balances. Real estate owned is reported at cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost is determined at the time ownership is acquired in satisfaction of mortgage loans and is the lower of the carrying value of the mortgage loan or fair value of the real estate less its estimated cost to sell. Buildings and improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Impairment losses on real estate owned are recognized when there are indicators of impairment present and the expected future undiscounted cash flows are not sufficient to recover the real estate's carrying value. Any impairment losses are reported as realized losses and are part of net income. The determination of the credit loss component of a corporate bond (including redeemable preferred stocks) is based on the underlying financial performance of the issuer and their ability to meet their contractual obligations. Considerations in our evaluation include, but are not limited to, credit rating changes, financial statement and ratio analysis, changes in management, significant changes in credit spreads, breaches of financial covenants and a review of the economic outlook for the industry and markets in which they trade. In circumstances where an issuer appears unlikely to meet its future obligation, or the security's price decline is deemed other than temporary, an estimate of credit loss is determined. Credit loss is calculated using default probabilities as derived from the credit default swaps markets in conjunction with recovery rates derived from independent third party analysis or a best estimate of credit loss. This credit loss rate is then incorporated into a present value calculation based on an expected principal loss in the future discounted at the yield at the date of purchase and compared to amortized cost to determine the amount of credit loss associated with the security. In addition, for debt securities which we do not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not we will be required to sell, but our intent changes due to changes or events that could not have been reasonably anticipated, an other than temporary impairment charge is recognized. Once an impairment charge has been recorded, we then continue to review the other than temporarily impaired securities for appropriate valuation on an ongoing basis. Unrealized losses may be recognized in future periods through a charge to earnings should we later conclude that the decline in fair value below amortized cost is other than temporary pursuant to our accounting policy described above. The use of different methodologies and assumptions to determine the fair value of investments and the timing and amount of impairments may have a material effect on the amounts presented in our consolidated financial statements. We review and analyze all investments on an ongoing basis for changes in market interest rates and credit deterioration. This review process includes analyzing our ability to recover the amortized cost basis of each investment that has a fair value that is materially lower than its amortized cost and requires a high degree of management judgment and involves uncertainty. The evaluation of securities for other than temporary impairments is a quantitative and qualitative process, which is subject to risks and uncertainties. We have a policy and process to identify securities that could potentially have impairments that are other than temporary. This process involves monitoring market events and other items that could impact issuers. The evaluation includes but is not limited to such factors as: • the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost or cost; • whether the issuer is current on all payments and all contractual payments have been made as agreed; • the remaining payment terms and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; • the lack of ability to refinance due to liquidity problems in the credit market; • the fair value of any underlying collateral; • the existence of any credit protection available; • our intent to sell and whether it is more likely than not we would be required to sell prior to recovery for debt securities; • our assessment in the case of equity securities including perpetual preferred stocks with credit deterioration that the security cannot recover to cost in a reasonable period of time; • our intent and ability to retain equity securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for recovery; • consideration of rating agency actions; and • changes in estimated cash flows of mortgage and asset backed securities. We determine whether other than temporary impairment losses should be recognized for debt and equity securities by assessing all facts and circumstances surrounding each security. Where the decline in fair value of debt securities is attributable to changes in market interest rates or to factors such as market volatility, liquidity and spread widening, and we anticipate recovery of all contractual or expected cash flows, we do not consider these investments to be other than temporarily impaired because we do not intend to sell these investments and it is not more likely than not we will be required to sell these investments before a recovery of amortized cost, which may be maturity. For equity securities, we recognize an impairment charge in the period in which we do not have the intent and ability to hold the securities until recovery of cost or we determine that the security will not recover to book value within a reasonable period of time. We determine what constitutes a reasonable period of time on a security-by-security basis by considering all the evidence available to us, including the magnitude of any unrealized loss and its duration. Other than temporary impairment losses on equity securities are recognized in operations. If we intend to sell a debt security or if it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell a debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, other than temporary impairment has occurred and the difference between amortized cost and fair value will be recognized as a loss in operations. If we do not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not we will be required to sell the debt security but also do not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security, an impairment loss would be recognized in operations in the amount of the expected credit loss. We determine the amount of expected credit loss by calculating the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected discounted at each security's acquisition yield based on our consideration of whether the security was of high credit quality at the time of acquisition. The difference between the present value of expected future cash flows and the amortized cost basis of the security is the amount of credit loss recognized in operations. The remaining amount of the other than temporary impairment is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). The determination of the credit loss component of a mortgage backed security is based on a number of factors. The primary consideration in this evaluation process is the issuer's ability to meet current and future interest and principal payments as contractually stated at time of purchase. Our review of these securities includes an analysis of the cash flow modeling under various default scenarios considering independent third party benchmarks, the seniority of the specific tranche within the structure of the security, the composition of the collateral and the actual default, loss severity and prepayment experience exhibited. With the input of third party assumptions for default projections, loss severity and prepayment expectations, we evaluate the cash flow projections to determine whether the security is performing in accordance with its contractual obligation. We utilize the models from a leading structured product software specialist serving institutional investors. These models incorporate each security's seniority and cash flow structure. In circumstances where the analysis implies a potential for principal loss at some point in the future, we use the "best estimate" cash flow projection discounted at the security's effective yield at acquisition to determine the amount of our potential credit loss associated with this security. The discounted expected future cash flows equates to our expected recovery value. Any shortfall of the expected recovery when compared to the amortized cost of the security will be recorded as the credit loss component of the other than temporary impairment. The cash flow modeling is performed on a security-by-security basis and incorporates actual cash flows on the residential mortgage backed securities through the current period, as well as the projection of remaining cash flows using a number of assumptions including default rates, prepayment rates and loss severity rates. The default curves we use are tailored to the Prime or Alt-A residential mortgage backed securities that we own, which assume lower default rates and loss severity for Prime securities versus Alt-A securities. These default curves are scaled higher or lower depending on factors such as current underlying mortgage loan performance, rating agency loss projections, loan to value ratios, geographic diversity, as well as other appropriate considerations.
Derivative Instruments, Policy	Derivative Instruments Our derivative instruments include call options used to fund fixed index annuity credits, interest rate swap and caps used to manage interest rate risk associated with the floating rate component on certain of our subordinated debentures, call options to hedge the conversion spread on our convertible senior notes (see Note 9) and certain other derivative instruments embedded in other contracts. All of our derivative instruments are recognized in the balance sheet at fair value and changes in fair value are recognized immediately in operations. See Note 5 for more information on derivative instruments.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy	Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. We also consider reverse repurchase agreements, which typically have an initial maturity of 6 weeks or less, to be cash equivalents. Amounts advanced under these agreements represent short-term loans that carry a fixed rate of interest. Borrowers under these agreements are required to post collateral that is investment grade debt securities with fair value in excess of the amount advanced. Book Overdrafts Under our cash management system, checks issued but not yet presented to banks frequently result in overdraft balances for accounting purposes and are classified as Other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. We report the changes in the amount of the overdraft balance as a financing activity in our consolidated statement of cash flows as Change in checks in excess of cash balance.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Policy	Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducements To the extent recoverable from future policy revenues and gross profits, certain costs that are incremental or directly related to the successful production of new business are not expensed when incurred but instead are capitalized as deferred policy acquisition costs or deferred sales inducements. Deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements are subject to loss recognition testing on a quarterly basis or when an event occurs that may warrant loss recognition. Deferred policy acquisition costs consist primarily of commissions and certain costs of policy issuance. Deferred sales inducements consist of premium and interest bonuses credited to policyholder account balances. For annuity products, these capitalized costs are being amortized generally in proportion to expected gross profits from investment spreads, including the cost of hedging the fixed indexed annuity obligations, and, to a lesser extent, from product charges net of expected excess payments for lifetime income benefit riders, and mortality and expense margins. Current and future period gross profits/margins for fixed index annuities also include the impact of amounts recorded for the change in fair value of derivatives and the change in fair value of embedded derivatives. That amortization is adjusted retrospectively through an unlocking process when estimates of current or future gross profits/margins (including the impact of net realized gains on investments and net OTTI losses recognized in operations) to be realized from a group of products are revised. Deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements are also adjusted for the change in amortization that would have occurred if available for sale fixed maturity securities and equity securities had been sold at their aggregate fair value at the end of the reporting period and the proceeds reinvested at current yields. The impact of this adjustment is included in accumulated other comprehensive income within consolidated stockholders' equity, net of applicable taxes. See Note 6 for more information on deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements.
Deferred Sales Inducements, Policy	Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducements To the extent recoverable from future policy revenues and gross profits, certain costs that are incremental or directly related to the successful production of new business are not expensed when incurred but instead are capitalized as deferred policy acquisition costs or deferred sales inducements. Deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements are subject to loss recognition testing on a quarterly basis or when an event occurs that may warrant loss recognition. Deferred policy acquisition costs consist primarily of commissions and certain costs of policy issuance. Deferred sales inducements consist of premium and interest bonuses credited to policyholder account balances. For annuity products, these capitalized costs are being amortized generally in proportion to expected gross profits from investment spreads, including the cost of hedging the fixed indexed annuity obligations, and, to a lesser extent, from product charges net of expected excess payments for lifetime income benefit riders, and mortality and expense margins. Current and future period gross profits/margins for fixed index annuities also include the impact of amounts recorded for the change in fair value of derivatives and the change in fair value of embedded derivatives. That amortization is adjusted retrospectively through an unlocking process when estimates of current or future gross profits/margins (including the impact of net realized gains on investments and net OTTI losses recognized in operations) to be realized from a group of products are revised. Deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements are also adjusted for the change in amortization that would have occurred if available for sale fixed maturity securities and equity securities had been sold at their aggregate fair value at the end of the reporting period and the proceeds reinvested at current yields. The impact of this adjustment is included in accumulated other comprehensive income within consolidated stockholders' equity, net of applicable taxes. See Note 6 for more information on deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements.
Policy Benefit Reserves, Policy	Policy Benefit Reserves Policy benefit reserves for fixed index annuities with returns linked to the performance of a specified market index are equal to the sum of the fair value of the embedded derivatives and the host (or guaranteed) component of the contracts. The host value is established at inception of the contract and accreted over the policy's life at a constant rate of interest. Future policy benefit reserves for fixed index annuities earning a fixed rate of interest and other deferred annuity products are computed under a retrospective deposit method and represent policy account balances before applicable surrender charges. For the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , interest crediting rates for these products ranged from 1.00% to 3.30% . The liability for lifetime income benefit riders is based on estimates of the value of benefit payments expected to be paid in excess of projected policy values recognizing the excess over the expected lives of the underlying policies based on actual and expected assessments including spreads and product charges and fees. The inputs used in the calculation of the liability for lifetime income benefit riders include actual policy values, actual income account values, actual payout factors, actual roll-up rates and our best estimate assumptions for future policy growth, future policy decrements, the ages at which policyholders are expected to elect to begin to receive lifetime income benefit payments, the percentage of policyholders who elect to receive lifetime income benefit payments and the type of income benefit payments selected upon election. Policy benefit reserves are not reduced for amounts ceded under coinsurance agreements which are reported as coinsurance deposits on our consolidated balance sheets. See Note 7 for more information on reinsurance. The liability for future policy benefits for traditional life insurance is based on net level premium reserves, including assumptions as to interest, mortality, and other assumptions underlying the guaranteed policy cash values. Reserve interest assumptions are level and range from 3.00% to 5.50% . Policy benefit claims are charged to expense in the period that the claims are incurred.
Deferred Income Taxes, Policy	Deferred Income Taxes Deferred income tax assets or liabilities are computed based on the temporary differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted marginal tax rate. Deferred income tax expenses or benefits are based on the changes in the asset or liability from period to period. Deferred income tax assets are subject to ongoing evaluation of whether such assets will more likely than not be realized. The realization of deferred income tax assets primarily depends on generating future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences become deductible. Deferred income tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. In making such a determination, all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations, is considered. The realization of deferred income tax assets related to unrealized losses on available for sale fixed maturity securities is also based upon our intent and ability to hold those securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for a recovery in fair value and not realize the unrealized loss.
Recognition of Premium Revenues and Costs, Policy	Recognition of Premium Revenues and Costs Revenues for annuity products include surrender and living income benefit rider charges assessed against policyholder account balances during the period. Interest sensitive and index product benefits related to annuity products include interest credited or index credits to policyholder account balances pursuant to accounting by insurance companies for certain long-duration contracts. The change in fair value of the embedded derivatives for fixed index annuities equals the change in the difference between policy benefit reserves for fixed index annuities computed under the derivative accounting standard and the long-duration contracts accounting standard at each balance sheet date. Considerations from immediate annuities with life contingencies are recognized as revenue when the policy is issued. Traditional life insurance premiums are recognized as revenues over the premium-paying period. Certain group policies include provisions for annual experience refunds of premiums equal to net premiums received less an administrative fee and less claims incurred. Such amounts ( 2016 - $1.5 million ; 2015 - $1.5 million ; and 2014 - $1.7 million ) are reported as a reduction of traditional life insurance premiums in the consolidated statements of operations. Future policy benefits are recognized as expenses over the life of the policy by means of the provision for future policy benefits. All insurance-related revenues, including the change in the fair value of derivatives for call options related to the business ceded under coinsurance agreements (see Note 7), benefits, losses and expenses are reported net of reinsurance ceded.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Policy	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Other comprehensive income (loss) includes all changes in stockholders' equity during a period except those resulting from investments by and distributions to stockholders. Other comprehensive income (loss) excludes net realized investment gains (losses) included in net income which merely represent transfers from unrealized to realized gains and losses.
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy	New Accounting Pronouncements In January 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that, among other aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments, primarily requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. However, an entity may choose to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. Additionally, it changes the accounting for financial liabilities measured at fair value under the fair value option and eliminates some disclosures regarding fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured at amortized cost. This ASU will be effective for us on January 1, 2018, and we have not determined the effect it will have on our consolidated financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that will require recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This ASU affects accounting and disclosure more dramatically for lessees as accounting for lessors is mainly unchanged. This ASU will be effective for us on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted, and we have not determined the effect it will have on our consolidated financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for share-based payment transactions. The aspects of accounting guidance affected by this ASU are income taxes, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. This ASU will be effective for us on January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and we have not determined the effect it will have on our consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that significantly changes the impairment model for most financial assets that are measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments from an incurred loss model to an expected loss model that requires these assets be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. In addition, credit losses on available for sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance account. This ASU will be effective for us on January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted, and we have not yet determined the impact this updated guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that clarifies how certain cash receipts and cash payments are to be presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. This ASU will be effective for us on January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted, and we have not yet determined the impact this updated guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy	Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The objective of a fair value measurement is to determine that price for each financial instrument at each measurement date. We meet this objective using various methods of valuation that include market, income and cost approaches. We categorize our financial instruments into three levels of fair value hierarchy based on the priority of inputs used in determining fair value. The hierarchy defines the highest priority inputs (Level 1) as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The lowest priority inputs (Level 3) are our own assumptions about what a market participant would use in determining fair value such as estimated future cash flows. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, a financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the financial instrument. We categorize financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets as follows: Level 1— Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical financial instruments as of the reporting date. We do not adjust the quoted price for these financial instruments, even in situations where we hold a large position and a sale could reasonably impact the quoted price. Level 2— Quoted prices in active markets for similar financial instruments, quoted prices for identical or similar financial instruments in markets that are not active; and models and other valuation methodologies using inputs other than quoted prices that are observable. Level 3— Models and other valuation methodologies using significant inputs that are unobservable for financial instruments and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the financial instrument. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation. Financial instruments that are included in Level 3 are securities for which no market activity or data exists and for which we used discounted expected future cash flows with our own assumptions about what a market participant would use in determining fair value. Transfers of securities among the levels occur at times and depend on the type of inputs used to determine fair value of each security.
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate, Allowance for Loan Losses, Policy	We evaluate our mortgage loan portfolio for the establishment of a loan loss allowance by specific identification of impaired loans and the measurement of an estimated loss for each individual loan identified. A mortgage loan is impaired when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. If we determine that the value of any specific mortgage loan is impaired, the carrying amount of the mortgage loan will be reduced to its fair value, based upon the present value of expected future cash flows from the loan discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, or the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated costs to sell. In addition, we analyze the mortgage loan portfolio for the need of a general loan allowance for probable losses on all other loans on a quantitative and qualitative basis. The amount of the general loan allowance is based upon management's evaluation of the collectability of the loan portfolio, historical loss experience, delinquencies, credit concentrations, underwriting standards and national and local economic conditions. We rate each of the mortgage loans in our portfolio based on factors such as historical operating performance, loan to value ratio and economic outlook, among others. We calculate a loss factor to apply to each rating based on historical losses we have recognized in our mortgage loan portfolio. We apply the loss factors to the total principal outstanding within each rating category to determine an appropriate estimate of the general loan loss allowance. We also assess the portfolio qualitatively and apply a loss rate to all loans without a specific allowance based on management's assessment of economic conditions, and we apply an additional amount of loss allowance to a group of loans that we have identified as having higher risk of loss.
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate, Real Estate Acquired Through Foreclosure, Policy	Charge-offs include allowances that have been established on loans that were satisfied either by taking ownership of the collateral or by some other means such as discounted pay-off or loan sale. When ownership of the property is taken it is recorded at the lower of the mortgage loan's carrying value or the property's fair value (based on appraised values) less estimated costs to sell. The real estate owned is recorded as a component of other investments and the mortgage loan is recorded as fully paid, with any allowance for credit loss that has been established charged off. Fair value of the real estate is determined by third party appraisal. Recoveries are situations where we have received a payment from the borrower in an amount greater than the carrying value of the loan (principal outstanding less specific allowance).
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate, Non-Accrual Loan Status, Policy	The loans that are categorized as "in workout" consist of loans that we have agreed to lower or no mortgage payments for a period of time while the borrowers address cash flow and/or operational issues. The key features of these workouts have been determined on a loan-by-loan basis. Most of these loans are in a period of low cash flow due to tenants vacating their space or tenants requesting rent relief during difficult economic periods. Generally, we have allowed the borrower a six month interest only period and in some cases a twelve month period of interest only. Interest only workout loans are expected to return to their regular debt service payments after the interest only period. Interest only loans that are not fully amortizing will have a larger balance at their balloon date than originally contracted. Fully amortizing loans that are in interest only periods will have larger debt service payments for their remaining term due to lost principal payments during the interest only period. In limited circumstances we have allowed borrowers to pay the principal portion of their loan payment into an escrow account that can be used for capital and tenant improvements for a period of not more than twelve months. In these situations new loan amortization schedules are calculated based on the principal not collected during this twelve month workout period and larger payments are collected for the remaining term of each loan. In all cases, the original interest rate and maturity date have not been modified, and we have not forgiven any principal amounts. Mortgage loans are considered delinquent when they become 60 days or more past due. In general, when loans become 90 days past due, become collateral dependent or enter a period with no debt service payments required we place them on non-accrual status and discontinue recognizing interest income. If payments are received on a delinquent loan, interest income is recognized to the extent it would have been recognized if normal principal and interest would have been received timely. If the payments are received to bring a delinquent loan back to current we will resume accruing interest income on that loan.
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate, Troubled Debt Restructuring, Policy	A Troubled Debt Restructuring ("TDR") is a situation where we have granted a concession to a borrower for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower's financial difficulties that we would not otherwise consider. A mortgage loan that has been granted new terms, including workout terms as described previously, would be considered a TDR if it meets conditions that would indicate a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the new terms constitute a concession on our part. We analyze all loans where we have agreed to workout terms and all loans that we have refinanced to determine if they meet the definition of a TDR. We consider the following factors in determining whether or not a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty: • borrower is in default, • borrower has declared bankruptcy, • there is growing concern about the borrower's ability to continue as a going concern, • borrower has insufficient cash flows to service debt, • borrower's inability to obtain funds from other sources, and • there is a breach of financial covenants by the borrower. If the borrower is determined to be in financial difficulty, we consider the following conditions to determine if the borrower was granted a concession: • assets used to satisfy debt are less than our recorded investment, • interest rate is modified, • maturity date extension at an interest rate less than market rate, • capitalization of interest, • delaying principal and/or interest for a period of three months or more, and • partial forgiveness of the balance or charge-off. Mortgage loan workouts, refinances or restructures that are classified as TDRs are individually evaluated and measured for impairment.
Commitments and Contingencies, Policy	In accordance with applicable accounting guidelines, we establish an accrued liability for litigation and regulatory matters when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and estimable. As a litigation or regulatory matter is developing we, in conjunction with outside counsel, evaluate on an ongoing basis whether the matter presents a loss contingency that meets conditions indicating the need for accrual and/or disclosure, and if not the matter will continue to be monitored for further developments. If and when the loss contingency related to litigation or regulatory matters is deemed to be both probable and estimable, we will establish an accrued liability with respect to that matter and will continue to monitor the matter for further developments that may affect the amount of the accrued liability.

Significant Accounting Polici30

Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Premiums and Annuity Deposits, Net of Coinsurance, By Product Type	Premiums and annuity deposits (net of coinsurance) collected in 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , by product type were as follows: Year Ended December 31, Product Type 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Fixed index annuities $ 5,035,818 $ 6,491,981 $ 3,911,109 Annual reset fixed rate annuities 63,582 44,715 56,647 Multi-year fixed rate annuities 256,894 42,709 21,125 Single premium immediate annuities (SPIA) 35,851 32,752 24,580 Life insurance 9,946 10,917 10,810 $ 5,402,091 $ 6,623,074 $ 4,024,271

Fair Values of Financial Inst31

Fair Values of Financial Instruments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Carrying Amounts and Fair Values of Financial Instruments	The following sets forth a comparison of the carrying amounts and fair values of our financial instruments: December 31, 2016 2015 Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value (Dollars in thousands) Assets Fixed maturity securities: Available for sale $ 41,060,494 $ 41,060,494 $ 36,421,839 $ 36,421,839 Held for investment 76,825 68,766 76,622 65,377 Mortgage loans on real estate 2,480,956 2,522,035 2,435,257 2,471,864 Derivative instruments 830,519 830,519 337,256 337,256 Other investments 308,774 300,918 292,872 297,903 Cash and cash equivalents 791,266 791,266 397,749 397,749 Coinsurance deposits 4,639,492 4,150,792 3,187,470 2,860,882 Interest rate caps 1,082 1,082 1,410 1,410 Counterparty collateral 145,693 145,693 82,312 82,312 Liabilities Policy benefit reserves 51,280,331 43,104,183 45,151,460 38,435,515 Single premium immediate annuity (SPIA) benefit reserves 297,724 308,028 324,264 336,066 Notes and loan payable 493,755 519,440 393,227 417,752 Subordinated debentures 241,853 225,106 241,452 216,933 Interest rate swap 2,113 2,113 3,139 3,139
Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy	Our assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented below based on the fair value hierarchy levels: Total Fair Value Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2016 Assets Fixed maturity securities: Available for sale: United States Government full faith and credit $ 11,805 $ 5,381 $ 6,424 $ — United States Government sponsored agencies 1,344,787 — 1,344,787 — United States municipalities, states and territories 3,926,950 — 3,926,950 — Foreign government obligations 232,233 — 232,233 — Corporate securities 27,118,526 6 27,118,520 — Residential mortgage backed securities 1,254,835 — 1,254,835 — Commercial mortgage backed securities 5,365,235 — 5,365,235 — Other asset backed securities 1,806,123 — 1,806,123 — Other investments: equity securities, available for sale 8,000 — 8,000 — Derivative instruments 830,519 — 830,519 — Cash and cash equivalents 791,266 791,266 — — Interest rate caps 1,082 — 1,082 — Counterparty collateral 145,693 — 145,693 — $ 42,837,054 $ 796,653 $ 42,040,401 $ — Liabilities Interest rate swap $ 2,113 $ — $ 2,113 $ — Fixed index annuities—embedded derivatives 6,563,288 — — 6,563,288 $ 6,565,401 $ — $ 2,113 $ 6,563,288 December 31, 2015 Assets Fixed maturity securities: Available for sale: United States Government full faith and credit $ 471,256 $ 438,598 $ 32,658 $ — United States Government sponsored agencies 1,398,611 — 1,398,611 — United States municipalities, states and territories 3,755,367 — 3,755,367 — Foreign government obligations 212,565 — 212,565 — Corporate securities 23,802,394 121 23,802,273 — Residential mortgage backed securities 1,462,072 — 1,462,072 — Commercial mortgage backed securities 4,174,396 — 4,174,396 — Other asset backed securities 1,145,178 — 1,145,178 — Other investments: equity securities, available for sale 7,828 — 7,828 — Derivative instruments 337,256 — 337,256 — Cash and cash equivalents 397,749 397,749 — — Interest rate caps 1,410 — 1,410 — Counterparty collateral 82,312 — 82,312 — $ 37,248,394 $ 836,468 $ 36,411,926 $ — Liabilities Interest rate swap $ 3,139 $ — $ 3,139 $ — Fixed index annuities—embedded derivatives 5,983,622 — — 5,983,622 $ 5,986,761 $ — $ 3,139 $ 5,983,622
Schedule of Assumptions Used in Estimating Fair Value	The following table presents average lapse rate and partial withdrawal rate assumptions, by contract duration, used in estimating the fair value of the embedded derivative component of our fixed index annuity policy benefit reserves at each reporting date: Average Lapse Rates Average Partial Withdrawal Rates Contract Duration (Years) December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 1 - 5 1.76% 1.58% 3.30% 3.08% 6 - 10 6.58% 8.55% 3.30% 3.55% 11 - 15 11.25% 12.01% 3.32% 3.59% 16 - 20 12.04% 12.99% 3.18% 3.22% 20+ 11.68% 12.54% 3.18% 3.22%
Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis, Level 3 Reconciliation	The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for our Level 3 liabilities, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 : Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Fixed index annuities—embedded derivatives Beginning balance $ 5,983,622 $ 5,574,653 Premiums less benefits 434,621 1,234,637 Change in fair value, net 145,045 (825,668 ) Ending balance $ 6,563,288 $ 5,983,622

Investments (Tables)

Investments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Investments [Abstract]
Schedule of Fixed Maturity Securities	At December 31, 2016 and 2015 , the amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities were as follows: Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2016 Fixed maturity securities: Available for sale: United States Government full faith and credit $ 11,864 $ 229 $ (288 ) $ 11,805 United States Government sponsored agencies 1,368,340 23,360 (46,913 ) 1,344,787 United States municipalities, states and territories 3,626,395 322,948 (22,393 ) 3,926,950 Foreign government obligations 224,588 12,725 (5,080 ) 232,233 Corporate securities 26,338,214 1,149,085 (368,773 ) 27,118,526 Residential mortgage backed securities 1,166,944 91,445 (3,554 ) 1,254,835 Commercial mortgage backed securities 5,422,255 59,994 (117,014 ) 5,365,235 Other asset backed securities 1,795,355 31,471 (20,703 ) 1,806,123 $ 39,953,955 $ 1,691,257 $ (584,718 ) $ 41,060,494 Held for investment: Corporate security $ 76,825 $ — $ (8,059 ) $ 68,766 Other investments - equity securities, available for sale: Finance, insurance and real estate $ 7,521 $ 479 $ — $ 8,000 December 31, 2015 Fixed maturity securities: Available for sale: United States Government full faith and credit $ 470,567 $ 988 $ (299 ) $ 471,256 United States Government sponsored agencies 1,386,219 26,801 (14,409 ) 1,398,611 United States municipalities, states and territories 3,422,667 341,328 (8,628 ) 3,755,367 Foreign government obligations 210,953 12,547 (10,935 ) 212,565 Corporate securities 23,597,530 887,288 (682,424 ) 23,802,394 Residential mortgage backed securities 1,366,985 98,576 (3,489 ) 1,462,072 Commercial mortgage backed securities 4,238,265 41,412 (105,281 ) 4,174,396 Other asset backed securities 1,130,524 34,534 (19,880 ) 1,145,178 $ 35,823,710 $ 1,443,474 $ (845,345 ) $ 36,421,839 Held for investment: Corporate security $ 76,622 $ — $ (11,245 ) $ 65,377 Other investments - equity securities, available for sale: Finance, insurance and real estate $ 7,515 $ 313 $ — $ 7,828
Schedule of Fixed Maturity Securities by Contractual Maturity Date	The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities at December 31, 2016 , by contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. All of our mortgage and other asset backed securities provide for periodic payments throughout their lives and are shown below as separate lines. Available for sale Held for investment Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value (Dollars in thousands) Due in one year or less $ 236,707 $ 241,934 $ — $ — Due after one year through five years 2,824,776 2,979,768 — — Due after five years through ten years 11,659,762 11,738,156 — — Due after ten years through twenty years 8,792,470 9,284,726 — — Due after twenty years 8,055,686 8,389,717 76,825 68,766 31,569,401 32,634,301 76,825 68,766 Residential mortgage backed securities 1,166,944 1,254,835 — — Commercial mortgage backed securities 5,422,255 5,365,235 — — Other asset backed securities 1,795,355 1,806,123 — — $ 39,953,955 $ 41,060,494 $ 76,825 $ 68,766
Schedule of Components of Net Unrealized Gains on Availabe For Sale Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Reported as Separate Component of Stockholders' Equity	Net unrealized gains on available for sale fixed maturity securities and equity securities reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity were comprised of the following: December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Net unrealized gains on available for sale fixed maturity securities and equity securities $ 1,107,018 $ 598,442 Adjustments for assumed changes in amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements (618,661 ) (322,859 ) Deferred income tax valuation allowance reversal 22,534 22,534 Deferred income tax expense (170,925 ) (96,454 ) Net unrealized gains reported as accumulated other comprehensive income $ 339,966 $ 201,663
Schedule of Credit Quality of Fixed Maturity Security Portfolio by NAIC Designation	The following table summarizes the credit quality, as determined by NAIC designation, of our fixed maturity portfolio as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2016 2015 NAIC Designation Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value (Dollars in thousands) 1 $ 25,607,268 $ 26,507,798 $ 23,363,259 $ 24,207,801 2 13,037,592 13,295,648 11,709,730 11,589,325 3 1,201,059 1,155,702 758,531 643,293 4 154,226 137,188 60,480 44,312 5 17,475 24,664 — — 6 13,160 8,260 8,332 2,485 $ 40,030,780 $ 41,129,260 $ 35,900,332 $ 36,487,216
Schedule of Gross Unrealized Losses on Investments, By Category and Length of Time	The following table shows our investments' gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities (consisting of 1,514 and 1,246 securities, respectively) have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2016 and 2015 : Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2016 Fixed maturity securities: Available for sale: United States Government full faith and credit $ 7,405 $ (288 ) $ — $ — $ 7,405 $ (288 ) United States Government sponsored agencies 995,548 (46,913 ) — — 995,548 (46,913 ) United States municipalities, states and territories 463,409 (22,393 ) — — 463,409 (22,393 ) Foreign government obligations 29,158 (913 ) 20,388 (4,167 ) 49,546 (5,080 ) Corporate securities: Finance, insurance and real estate 2,302,103 (79,077 ) 110,730 (9,834 ) 2,412,833 (88,911 ) Manufacturing, construction and mining 2,556,147 (74,144 ) 702,978 (74,382 ) 3,259,125 (148,526 ) Utilities and related sectors 1,605,742 (53,055 ) 196,085 (16,208 ) 1,801,827 (69,263 ) Wholesale/retail trade 396,310 (9,433 ) 57,708 (5,739 ) 454,018 (15,172 ) Services, media and other 857,515 (35,107 ) 132,170 (11,794 ) 989,685 (46,901 ) Residential mortgage backed securities 81,762 (3,463 ) 1,853 (91 ) 83,615 (3,554 ) Commercial mortgage backed securities 3,148,395 (116,938 ) 895 (76 ) 3,149,290 (117,014 ) Other asset backed securities 751,533 (12,289 ) 146,167 (8,414 ) 897,700 (20,703 ) $ 13,195,027 $ (454,013 ) $ 1,368,974 $ (130,705 ) $ 14,564,001 $ (584,718 ) Held for investment: Corporate security: Insurance $ — $ — $ 68,766 $ (8,059 ) $ 68,766 $ (8,059 ) December 31, 2015 Fixed maturity securities: Available for sale: United States Government full faith and credit $ 37,730 $ (299 ) $ — $ — $ 37,730 $ (299 ) United States Government sponsored agencies 957,053 (14,409 ) — — 957,053 (14,409 ) United States municipalities, states and territories 261,823 (8,474 ) 2,846 (154 ) 264,669 (8,628 ) Foreign government obligations 42,966 (1,762 ) 15,463 (9,173 ) 58,429 (10,935 ) Corporate securities: Finance, insurance and real estate 2,077,223 (59,607 ) 49,912 (14,855 ) 2,127,135 (74,462 ) Manufacturing, construction and mining 3,517,967 (246,456 ) 376,229 (131,003 ) 3,894,196 (377,459 ) Utilities and related sectors 2,240,652 (138,940 ) 97,184 (22,565 ) 2,337,836 (161,505 ) Wholesale/retail trade 473,050 (17,863 ) 38,682 (8,125 ) 511,732 (25,988 ) Services, media and other 1,037,011 (39,937 ) 32,050 (3,073 ) 1,069,061 (43,010 ) Residential mortgage backed securities 162,770 (2,958 ) 6,438 (531 ) 169,208 (3,489 ) Commercial mortgage backed securities 2,679,510 (105,002 ) 11,495 (279 ) 2,691,005 (105,281 ) Other asset backed securities 457,055 (10,581 ) 46,657 (9,299 ) 503,712 (19,880 ) $ 13,944,810 $ (646,288 ) $ 676,956 $ (199,057 ) $ 14,621,766 $ (845,345 ) Held for investment: Corporate security: Insurance $ 65,377 $ (11,245 ) $ — $ — $ 65,377 $ (11,245 )
Schedule of Changes in Net Unrealized Gains/Losses on Investments	Changes in net unrealized gains on investments for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Fixed maturity securities held for investment carried at amortized cost $ 3,186 $ (10,651 ) $ 14,821 Investments carried at fair value: Fixed maturity securities, available for sale $ 508,410 $ (1,642,027 ) $ 2,157,439 Equity securities, available for sale 166 17 21 508,576 (1,642,010 ) 2,157,460 Adjustment for effect on other balance sheet accounts: Deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements (295,802 ) 842,412 (1,118,683 ) Deferred income tax asset/liability (74,471 ) 279,860 (363,572 ) (370,273 ) 1,122,272 (1,482,255 ) Change in net unrealized gains on investments carried at fair value $ 138,303 $ (519,738 ) $ 675,205
Components of Net Investment Income	Components of net investment income are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Fixed maturity securities $ 1,729,176 $ 1,566,409 $ 1,394,301 Equity securities 531 441 404 Mortgage loans on real estate 122,985 131,892 143,998 Cash and cash equivalents 3,201 601 286 Other 5,499 4,858 6,903 1,861,392 1,704,201 1,545,892 Less investment expenses (11,520 ) (12,009 ) (14,225 ) Net investment income $ 1,849,872 $ 1,692,192 $ 1,531,667
Net Realized Gains (Losses) on Investments	Net realized gains (losses) on investments, excluding net OTTI losses are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Available for sale fixed maturity securities: Gross realized gains $ 14,132 $ 7,230 $ 3,273 Gross realized losses (4,036 ) (5,787 ) (1,006 ) 10,096 1,443 2,267 Other investments: Gain on sale of real estate 884 4,194 2,454 Loss on sale of real estate (93 ) (575 ) (231 ) Impairment losses on real estate — (1,297 ) (2,441 ) 791 2,322 (218 ) Mortgage loans on real estate: Decrease (increase) in allowance for credit losses (4,846 ) 1,018 (6,052 ) Recovery of specific allowance 5,483 5,428 — 637 6,446 (6,052 ) $ 11,524 $ 10,211 $ (4,003 )
Non-Income Producing Investments	The following table summarizes the carrying value of our fixed maturity securities, mortgage loans on real estate and real estate owned that have been non-income producing for 12 consecutive months: December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Fixed maturity securities, available for sale $ 1,651 $ 10 Real estate owned — 1,800 $ 1,651 $ 1,810
Significant Assumptions Used to Determine the Credit Loss Component of Other Than Temporary Impairment on Residential Mortgage Backed Securities	The following table presents the range of significant assumptions used to determine the credit loss component of other than temporary impairments we have recognized on residential mortgage backed securities for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , which are all senior level tranches within the structure of the securities: Discount Rate Default Rate Loss Severity Sector Vintage Min Max Min Max Min Max Year ended December 31, 2016 Prime 2005 7.7 % 7.7 % 8 % 14 % 50 % 50 % 2006 6.5 % 7.3 % 12 % 13 % 40 % 50 % 2007 6.2 % 6.4 % 18 % 31 % 50 % 55 % Alt-A 2005 7.4 % 7.4 % 11 % 11 % 60 % 60 % Year ended December 31, 2015 Prime 2006 6.5 % 7.4 % 12 % 14 % 40 % 50 % 2007 5.8 % 7.0 % 15 % 25 % 45 % 55 % Alt-A 2005 5.6 % 7.4 % 13 % 99 % 2 % 50 %
Other Than Temporary Impairment by Asset Type	The following table summarizes other than temporary impairments by asset type: Number of Securities Total OTTI Losses Portion of OTTI Losses Recognized in (from) Other Comprehensive Income Net OTTI Losses Recognized in Operations (Dollars in thousands) Year ended December 31, 2016 Fixed maturity securities, available for sale: Corporate securities: Energy 2 $ (642 ) $ — $ (642 ) Materials 1 (4,554 ) 1,575 (2,979 ) Telecommunications 1 (4,462 ) 562 (3,900 ) Utilities 2 (6,961 ) 798 (6,163 ) Residential mortgage backed securities 9 — (783 ) (783 ) Commercial mortgage backed securities 5 (1,540 ) — (1,540 ) Other asset backed securities 2 (3,190 ) (3,482 ) (6,672 ) 22 $ (21,349 ) $ (1,330 ) $ (22,679 ) Year ended December 31, 2015 Fixed maturity securities, available for sale: Corporate securities: Industrial 2 $ (15,414 ) $ 2,975 $ (12,439 ) Residential mortgage backed securities 11 (133 ) (2,089 ) (2,222 ) Other asset backed securities 1 (10,000 ) 5,125 (4,875 ) 14 $ (25,547 ) $ 6,011 $ (19,536 ) Year ended December 31, 2014 Fixed maturity securities, available for sale: Residential mortgage backed securities 7 $ — $ (2,627 ) $ (2,627 )
Other Than Temporary Impairment, Credit Losses Recognized in Earnings	The cumulative portion of other than temporary impairments determined to be credit losses which have been recognized in operations for debt securities are summarized as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Cumulative credit loss at beginning of year $ (145,824 ) $ (127,050 ) Credit losses on securities for which OTTI has not previously been recognized (18,414 ) (17,447 ) Additional credit losses on securities for which OTTI has previously been recognized (4,265 ) (2,089 ) Accumulated losses on securities that were disposed of during the period 2,128 762 Cumulative credit loss at end of year $ (166,375 ) $ (145,824 )
Schedule of Other Than Temporary Impairment Losses, Investments	The following table summarizes the cumulative noncredit portion of OTTI and the change in fair value since recognition of OTTI, both of which were recognized in other comprehensive income, by major type of security, for securities that are part of our investment portfolio at December 31, 2016 and 2015 : Amortized Cost OTTI Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income Change in Fair Value Since OTTI was Recognized Fair Value (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2016 Fixed maturity securities, available for sale: Corporate securities $ 17,549 $ (5,910 ) $ 13,566 $ 25,205 Residential mortgage backed securities 368,862 (169,941 ) 205,854 404,775 Commercial mortgage backed securities 6,596 — (107 ) 6,489 Other asset backed securities 6,683 (1,643 ) (1,566 ) 3,474 $ 399,690 $ (177,494 ) $ 217,747 $ 439,943 December 31, 2015 Fixed maturity securities, available for sale: Corporate securities $ 6,396 $ (2,975 ) $ 9 $ 3,430 Residential mortgage backed securities 466,871 (170,724 ) 199,149 495,296 Other asset backed securities 8,154 (5,125 ) (553 ) 2,476 $ 481,421 $ (178,824 ) $ 198,605 $ 501,202

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate (

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Abstract]
Summary of Mortgage Loan Portfolio	Our mortgage loan portfolio is summarized in the following table. There were commitments outstanding of $75.5 million at December 31, 2016 . December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Principal outstanding $ 2,490,619 $ 2,449,909 Loan loss allowance (8,427 ) (14,142 ) Deferred prepayment fees (1,236 ) (510 ) Carrying value $ 2,480,956 $ 2,435,257
Mortgage Loan Portfolio Summarized by Geographic Region and Property Type	The portfolio consists of commercial mortgage loans collateralized by the related properties and diversified as to property type, location and loan size. Our mortgage lending policies establish limits on the amount that can be loaned to one borrower and other criteria to attempt to reduce the risk of default. The mortgage loan portfolio is summarized by geographic region and property type as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 Principal Percent Principal Percent (Dollars in thousands) Geographic distribution East $ 635,434 25.5 % $ 698,113 28.5 % Middle Atlantic 151,640 6.1 % 160,261 6.6 % Mountain 235,932 9.5 % 252,442 10.3 % New England 12,724 0.5 % 13,161 0.5 % Pacific 385,683 15.5 % 355,268 14.5 % South Atlantic 519,065 20.8 % 456,227 18.6 % West North Central 325,447 13.1 % 313,120 12.8 % West South Central 224,694 9.0 % 201,317 8.2 % $ 2,490,619 100.0 % $ 2,449,909 100.0 % Property type distribution Office $ 308,578 12.4 % $ 396,154 16.2 % Medical Office 50,780 2.1 % 77,438 3.2 % Retail 886,942 35.6 % 790,158 32.2 % Industrial/Warehouse 700,644 28.1 % 686,400 28.0 % Hotel — — % 3,361 0.1 % Apartment 375,837 15.1 % 352,971 14.4 % Mixed use/other 167,838 6.7 % 143,427 5.9 % $ 2,490,619 100.0 % $ 2,449,909 100.0 %
Rollforward of Allowance For Credit Losses	The following table presents a rollforward of our specific and general valuation allowances for mortgage loans on real estate: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Specific Allowance General Allowance Specific Allowance General Allowance Specific Allowance General Allowance (Dollars in thousands) Beginning allowance balance $ (7,842 ) $ (6,300 ) $ (12,333 ) $ (10,300 ) $ (16,847 ) $ (9,200 ) Charge-offs 5,078 — 2,045 — 9,211 — Recoveries 5,483 — 5,428 — 255 — Change in provision for credit losses (4,046 ) (800 ) (2,982 ) 4,000 (4,952 ) (1,100 ) Ending allowance balance $ (1,327 ) $ (7,100 ) $ (7,842 ) $ (6,300 ) $ (12,333 ) $ (10,300 )
Impaired Mortgage Loans on Real Estate by Basis of Impairment	The following table presents the total outstanding principal of loans evaluated for impairment by basis of impairment method: December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Individually evaluated for impairment $ 4,640 $ 21,277 $ 29,116 Collectively evaluated for impairment 2,485,979 2,428,632 2,428,605 Total loans evaluated for impairment $ 2,490,619 $ 2,449,909 $ 2,457,721
Real Estate Acquired Via Foreclosure or Deed In Lieu	e following table summarizes the activity in the real estate owned, included in Other investments, which was obtained in satisfaction of mortgage loans on real estate: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Real estate owned at beginning of period $ 6,485 $ 20,238 $ 22,844 Real estate acquired in satisfaction of mortgage loans — — 14,555 Additions — 121 — Sales (6,444 ) (12,322 ) (14,134 ) Impairments — (1,297 ) (2,441 ) Depreciation (41 ) (255 ) (586 ) Real estate owned at end of period $ — $ 6,485 $ 20,238
Mortgage Loans By Credit Quality Indicator	We analyze credit risk of our mortgage loans by analyzing all available evidence on loans that are delinquent and loans that are in a workout period. December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Credit Exposure--By Payment Activity Performing $ 2,489,028 $ 2,438,341 In workout 1,591 11,568 Delinquent — — Collateral dependent — — $ 2,490,619 $ 2,449,909
Aging of Financing Receivables	Aging of financing receivables is summarized in the following table, with loans in a "workout" period as of the reporting date considered current if payments are current in accordance with agreed upon terms: 30 - 59 Days 60 - 89 Days 90 Days and Over Total Past Due Current Collateral Dependent Receivables Total Financing Receivables (Dollars in thousands) Commercial Mortgage Loans December 31, 2016 $ 2,737 $ — $ — $ 2,737 $ 2,487,882 $ — $ 2,490,619 December 31, 2015 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 2,449,909 $ — $ 2,449,909
Impaired Financing Receivables	Financing receivables summarized in the following two tables represent all loans that we are either not currently collecting, or those we feel it is probable we will not collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements (all loans that we have worked with the borrower to alleviate short-term cash flow issues, loans delinquent for 60 days or more at the reporting date, loans we have determined to be collateral dependent and loans that we have recorded specific impairments on that we feel may continue to have performance issues). Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2016 Mortgage loans with an allowance $ 3,313 $ 4,640 $ (1,327 ) Mortgage loans with no related allowance 1,591 1,591 — $ 4,904 $ 6,231 $ (1,327 ) December 31, 2015 Mortgage loans with an allowance $ 13,435 $ 21,277 $ (7,842 ) Mortgage loans with no related allowance 8,859 8,859 — $ 22,294 $ 30,136 $ (7,842 ) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2016 Mortgage loans with an allowance $ 3,398 $ 301 Mortgage loans with no related allowance 1,665 73 $ 5,063 $ 374 December 31, 2015 Mortgage loans with an allowance $ 13,893 $ 1,117 Mortgage loans with no related allowance 8,930 584 $ 22,823 $ 1,701 December 31, 2014 Mortgage loans with an allowance $ 18,465 $ 1,797 Mortgage loans with no related allowance 2,656 43 $ 21,121 $ 1,840
Troubled Debt Restructurings on Financing Receivables	A summary of mortgage loans on commercial real estate with outstanding principal at December 31, 2016 and 2015 that we determined to be TDRs are as follows: Geographic Region Number of TDRs Principal Balance Outstanding Specific Loan Loss Allowance Net Carrying Amount (Dollars in thousands) Year ended December 31, 2016 South Atlantic 1 $ 3,004 $ — $ 3,004 East North Central 1 2,020 (467 ) 1,553 2 $ 5,024 $ (467 ) $ 4,557 Year ended December 31, 2015 South Atlantic 6 $ 11,155 $ (2,992 ) $ 8,163 East North Central 2 3,306 (467 ) 2,839 West North Central 1 5,913 — 5,913 9 $ 20,374 $ (3,459 ) $ 16,915

Derivative Instruments (Tables)

Derivative Instruments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments as Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets	The fair value of our derivative instruments, including derivative instruments embedded in fixed index annuity contracts, presented in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Assets Derivative instruments Call options $ 830,519 $ 337,256 Other assets Interest rate caps 1,082 1,410 $ 831,601 $ 338,666 Liabilities Policy benefit reserves—annuity products Fixed index annuities—embedded derivatives $ 6,563,288 $ 5,983,622 Other liabilities Interest rate swap 2,113 3,139 $ 6,565,401 $ 5,986,761
Schedule of Changes in Fair Value of Derivative Instruments	The changes in fair value of derivatives included in the consolidated statements of operations are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Change in fair value of derivatives: Call options $ 165,029 $ (327,921 ) $ 521,947 2015 notes hedges — (4,516 ) (8,934 ) Interest rate swap (482 ) (2,341 ) (4,863 ) Interest rate caps (328 ) (1,368 ) (3,325 ) $ 164,219 $ (336,146 ) $ 504,825 Change in fair value of embedded derivatives: Fixed index annuities—embedded derivatives (see Note 2) $ 145,045 $ (825,668 ) $ (532,337 ) Other changes in difference between policy benefit reserves computed using derivative accounting vs. long-duration contracts accounting 398,420 365,486 579,885 2015 notes embedded conversion derivative (see Note 9) — (4,516 ) (19,036 ) 2029 notes embedded conversion derivative (see Note 9) — — 3,809 $ 543,465 $ (464,698 ) $ 32,321
Schedule of Call Options by Counterparty	The notional amount and fair value of our call options by counterparty and each counterparty's current credit rating are as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 Counterparty Credit Rating (S&P) Credit Rating (Moody's) Notional Amount Fair Value Notional Amount Fair Value (Dollars in thousands) Bank of America A+ A1 $ 5,958,884 $ 178,477 $ 6,257,861 $ 67,662 Barclays A- A1 3,441,832 89,721 2,463,768 35,273 BNP Paribas A A1 1,199,265 19,598 1,520,710 16,944 Citibank, N.A. A+ A1 4,038,528 97,094 3,786,498 23,587 Credit Suisse A A1 2,130,710 44,242 1,278,492 12,508 Deutsche Bank BBB+ Baa2 25,935 892 1,349,002 10,704 J.P. Morgan A+ Aa3 1,785,583 19,645 838,982 5,283 Morgan Stanley A+ A1 2,543,421 64,425 3,465,457 33,171 Royal Bank of Canada AA- Aa3 3,384,310 103,510 2,820,410 48,654 SunTrust A- Baa1 2,375,418 72,990 1,308,434 20,028 Wells Fargo AA- Aa2 3,850,842 130,545 4,187,955 63,442 Exchange traded 313,354 9,380 — — $ 31,048,082 $ 830,519 $ 29,277,569 $ 337,256
Schedule of Interest Rate Derivatives	Details regarding the interest rate swap are as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 Maturity Date Notional Amount Receive Rate Pay Rate Counterparty Fair Value Fair Value (Dollars in thousands) March 15, 2021 $ 85,500 LIBOR 2.415% SunTrust $ (2,113 ) $ (3,139 ) Details regarding the interest rate caps are as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 Maturity Date Notional Amount Floating Rate Cap Rate Counterparty Fair Value Fair Value (Dollars in thousands) July 7, 2021 $ 40,000 LIBOR 2.50% SunTrust $ 542 $ 708 July 8, 2021 12,000 LIBOR 2.50% SunTrust 163 212 July 29, 2021 27,000 LIBOR 2.50% SunTrust 377 490 $ 79,000 $ 1,082 $ 1,410

Deferred Policy Acquisition C35

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Insurance [Abstract]
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs	Policy acquisition costs deferred and amortized are as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Balance at beginning of year $ 2,905,136 $ 2,058,556 $ 2,426,652 Costs deferred during the year: Commissions 538,863 651,094 421,802 Policy issue costs 4,462 6,545 5,080 Amortization (374,012 ) (286,114 ) (163,578 ) Effect of net unrealized gains/losses (169,072 ) 475,055 (631,400 ) Balance at end of year $ 2,905,377 $ 2,905,136 $ 2,058,556
Deferred Sales Inducements	Sales inducements deferred and amortized are as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Balance at beginning of year $ 2,232,148 $ 1,587,257 $ 1,875,880 Costs deferred during the year 353,966 486,924 330,079 Amortization (251,166 ) (209,390 ) (131,419 ) Effect of net unrealized gains/losses (126,730 ) 367,357 (487,283 ) Balance at end of year $ 2,208,218 $ 2,232,148 $ 1,587,257

Reinsurance and Policy Provis36

Reinsurance and Policy Provisions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]
Amounts Ceded to EquiTrust and Athene, Impact on Consolidated Statements of Operations and Cash Flows	Amounts ceded to EquiTrust and Athene under these agreements are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Consolidated Statements of Operations Annuity product charges $ 5,366 $ 5,427 $ 5,956 Change in fair value of derivatives 18,446 (14,360 ) 31,076 $ 23,812 $ (8,933 ) $ 37,032 Interest sensitive and index product benefits $ 93,487 $ 88,923 $ 122,666 Change in fair value of embedded derivatives 23,848 (22,616 ) 35,820 Other operating costs and expenses 24,039 9,922 9,241 $ 141,374 $ 76,229 $ 167,727 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Annuity deposits $ (1,736,054 ) $ (471,822 ) $ (171,124 ) Cash payments to policyholders 418,499 391,045 280,308 $ (1,317,555 ) $ (80,777 ) $ 109,184

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Components of Income Tax Expense	Our income tax expense as presented in the consolidated financial statements is summarized as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Consolidated statements of operations: Current income taxes $ 57,412 $ 75,568 $ 116,545 Deferred income taxes (benefits) (10,408 ) 41,916 (46,504 ) Total income tax expense included in consolidated statements of operations 47,004 117,484 70,041 Stockholders' equity: Expense (benefit) relating to: Change in net unrealized investment losses 74,471 (279,860 ) 363,572 Share-based compensation (527 ) (3,649 ) (5,716 ) Extinguishment of convertible debt — — (9,284 ) Total income tax expense (benefit) included in consolidated financial statements $ 120,948 $ (166,025 ) $ 418,613
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation	Income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations differed from the amount computed at the applicable statutory federal income tax rate of 35% as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Income before income taxes $ 130,247 $ 337,314 $ 196,064 Income tax expense on income before income taxes $ 45,586 $ 118,060 $ 68,622 Tax effect of: State income taxes 2,559 2,924 1,145 Tax exempt net investment income (2,167 ) (3,834 ) (3,669 ) Extinguishment of convertible debt — — 4,202 Other 1,026 334 (259 ) Income tax expense $ 47,004 $ 117,484 $ 70,041 Effective tax rate 36.1 % 34.8 % 35.7 %
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities	The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , are as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Deferred income tax assets: Policy benefit reserves $ 2,354,786 $ 2,092,731 Other than temporary impairments 15,681 7,801 Derivative instruments — 91,638 Amounts due reinsurer 1,321 — Other policyholder funds 6,474 6,861 Litigation settlement accrual 1,709 7,100 Deferred compensation 7,963 8,346 Share-based compensation 5,407 5,286 Net operating loss carryforwards 3,745 6,637 Other 9,658 8,031 Gross deferred tax assets 2,406,744 2,234,431 Deferred income tax liabilities: Deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements (1,951,333 ) (1,860,722 ) Net unrealized gains on available for sale fixed maturity and equity securities (170,925 ) (96,454 ) Derivative instruments (75,405 ) — Amounts due reinsurer — (9,677 ) Investment income items (39,118 ) (32,466 ) Other (1,385 ) (2,429 ) Gross deferred tax liabilities (2,238,166 ) (2,001,748 ) Net deferred income tax asset $ 168,578 $ 232,683

Notes and Loan Payable and Am38

Notes and Loan Payable and Amounts Due Under Repurchase Agreements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Notes and Loan Payable	Notes and loan payable includes the following: December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Senior notes due 2021 Principal $ 400,000 $ 400,000 Unamortized debt issue costs (5,733 ) (6,773 ) Term loan due 2019 Principal 100,000 — Unamortized debt issue costs (512 ) — $ 493,755 $ 393,227

Subordinated Debentures (Tables

Subordinated Debentures (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Subordinated Borrowings [Abstract]
Summary of Subordinated Debt Obligations to the Trusts	Following is a summary of subordinated debt obligations to the trusts at December 31, 2016 and 2015 : December 31, 2016 2015 Interest Rate Due Date (Dollars in thousands) American Equity Capital Trust II $ 77,061 $ 76,840 5% June 1, 2047 American Equity Capital Trust III 27,840 27,840 *LIBOR + 3.90% April 29, 2034 American Equity Capital Trust IV 12,372 12,372 *LIBOR + 4.00% January 8, 2034 American Equity Capital Trust VII 10,830 10,830 *LIBOR + 3.75% December 14, 2034 American Equity Capital Trust VIII 20,620 20,620 *LIBOR + 3.75% December 15, 2034 American Equity Capital Trust IX 15,470 15,470 *LIBOR + 3.65% June 15, 2035 American Equity Capital Trust X 20,620 20,620 *LIBOR + 3.65% September 15, 2035 American Equity Capital Trust XI 20,620 20,620 *LIBOR + 3.65% December 15, 2035 American Equity Capital Trust XII 41,238 41,238 *LIBOR + 3.50% April 7, 2036 246,671 246,450 Unamortized debt issue costs (4,818 ) (4,998 ) $ 241,853 $ 241,452 *—three month London Interbank Offered Rate

Retirement and Share-based Co40

Retirement and Share-based Compensation Plans (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Share-based Compensation Expense By Plan	The following table summarizes compensation expense recognized for employees, directors and consultants as a result of share-based compensation: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) ESOP $ 2,522 $ 2,604 $ 2,486 Employee Incentive Plans 1,207 1,911 1,306 Director Equity and Incentive Plan and Stock Option Plan 685 613 789 $ 4,414 $ 5,128 $ 4,581
Schedule of Stock Options Outstanding	Changes in the number of stock options outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 are as follows: Number of Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share Total Exercise Price (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) Outstanding at January 1, 2014 3,976,725 $ 10.86 $ 43,171 Granted 1,277,650 24.79 31,673 Canceled (35,400 ) 11.64 (412 ) Exercised (1,174,800 ) 11.64 (13,672 ) Outstanding at December 31, 2014 4,044,175 15.02 60,760 Granted — — — Canceled (47,300 ) 10.54 (499 ) Exercised (552,884 ) 14.51 (8,021 ) Outstanding at December 31, 2015 3,443,991 15.17 52,240 Granted — — — Canceled (24,700 ) 14.83 (366 ) Exercised (500,345 ) 9.97 (4,989 ) Outstanding at December 31, 2016 2,918,946 16.06 $ 46,885
Schedule of Stock Options Outstanding, By Exercise Price Range	The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 2016 : Stock Options Outstanding Stock Options Vested Range of Exercise Prices Number of Awards Remaining Life (yrs) Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share Number of Awards Remaining Life (yrs) Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share $5.07 - $8.02 248,225 1.74 $ 7.16 248,225 1.74 $ 7.16 $9.27 - $11.35 752,150 2.66 10.19 752,150 2.66 10.19 $12.04 - $24.79 1,918,571 3.24 19.52 1,918,571 3.24 19.52 $5.07 - $24.79 2,918,946 2.97 16.06 2,918,946 2.97 16.06

Statutory Financial Informati41

Statutory Financial Information and Dividend Restrictions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Insurance [Abstract]
Statutory Accounting Practices Disclosure	Calculations using the NAIC formula indicated that American Equity Life's ratio of total adjusted capital to the highest level of required capital at which regulatory action might be initiated (Company Action Level) is as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Total adjusted capital $ 2,933,193 $ 2,593,472 Company Action Level RBC 857,321 771,293 Ratio of adjusted capital to Company Action Level RBC 342 % 336 % Net income for our primary life insurance subsidiary as determined in accordance with statutory accounting practices was as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) American Equity Life $ 75,035 $ 131,452 $ 340,000 Statutory capital and surplus for our primary life insurance subsidiary was as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) American Equity Life $ 2,726,664 $ 2,415,419

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases	The following represents payments due by period for operating lease obligations as of December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands): Year Ending December 31: 2017 $ 1,890 2018 1,915 2019 1,898 2020 1,950 2021 1,754 2022 and thereafter 7,464

Earnings Per Share and Stockh43

Earnings Per Share and Stockholders' Equity (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted	The following table sets forth the computation of earnings per common share and earnings per common share—assuming dilution: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) Numerator: Net income—numerator for earnings per common share $ 83,243 $ 219,830 $ 126,023 Denominator : Weighted average common shares outstanding (1) 84,793,151 78,936,828 74,431,087 Effect of dilutive securities: Convertible senior notes — — 2,657,158 Equity forward sale agreements — 67,575 — 2015 warrants 15,136 759,723 1,559,646 Stock options and deferred compensation agreements 456,236 1,040,922 1,178,783 Restricted stock and restricted stock units 340,646 155,520 66,926 Denominator for earnings per common share—assuming dilution 85,605,169 80,960,568 79,893,600 Earnings per common share $ 0.98 $ 2.78 $ 1.69 Earnings per common share—assuming dilution $ 0.97 $ 2.72 $ 1.58 (1) Weighted average common shares outstanding include shares vested under the NMO Deferred Compensation Plan and exclude unallocated shares held by the ESOP.
Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share	Options to purchase shares of our common stock that were outstanding during the respective periods indicated but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the options' exercise price was greater than the average market price of the common shares are as follows: Period Number of Shares Range of Exercise Prices Minimum Maximum Year ended December 31, 2016 1,054,091 $24.79 $24.79 Year ended December 31, 2015 1,061,541 $24.79 $24.79 Year ended December 31, 2014 1,215,450 $24.79 $24.79

Quarterly Financial Informati44

Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Quarterly Financial Information	Unaudited quarterly results of operations are summarized below. Quarter Ended March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31, (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) 2016 Premiums and product charges $ 43,850 $ 52,582 $ 60,406 $ 60,508 Net investment income 450,826 459,830 463,583 475,633 Change in fair value of derivatives (74,065 ) 39,099 103,794 95,391 Net realized gains (losses) on investments, excluding OTTI losses 2,687 2,737 5,256 844 Net OTTI losses recognized in operations (5,694 ) (4,446 ) (2,979 ) (9,560 ) Total revenues 417,604 549,802 630,060 622,816 Net income (loss) (44,841 ) 14,708 (7,420 ) 120,796 Earnings (loss) per common share (0.55 ) 0.18 (0.09 ) 1.37 Earnings (loss) per common share—assuming dilution (0.55 ) 0.18 (0.09 ) 1.35 2015 Premiums and product charges $ 35,679 $ 42,446 $ 46,310 $ 47,781 Net investment income 399,669 418,176 436,085 438,262 Change in fair value of derivatives (31,100 ) (23,024 ) (351,360 ) 69,338 Net realized gains (losses) on investments, excluding OTTI losses 4,879 4,324 1,159 (151 ) Net OTTI losses recognized in operations (132 ) (828 ) (5,229 ) (13,347 ) Total revenues 408,995 441,094 126,965 541,883 Net income 5,903 82,845 97,306 33,776 Earnings per common share 0.08 1.07 1.22 0.41 Earnings per common share—assuming dilution 0.07 1.05 1.19 0.40
Comparability of Net Income (Loss), Impact of Fair Value Accounting to Fixed Index Annuity Business	The differences between the change in fair value of derivatives for each quarter primarily correspond to the performance of the indices upon which our call options are based. The comparability of net income (loss) is impacted by the application of fair value accounting to our fixed index annuity business is as follows: Quarter Ended March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2016 $ 62,822 $ 34,215 $ 6,054 $ (66,618 ) 2015 42,849 (28,596 ) (53,716 ) 11,091

Schedule I - Summary of Inves45

Schedule I - Summary of Investments - Other Than Investments in Related Parties (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Abstract]
Summary of Investments - Other Than Investments in Related Parties	Schedule I—Summary of Investments— Other Than Investments in Related Parties AMERICAN EQUITY INVESTMENT LIFE HOLDING COMPANY December 31, 2016 Column A Column B Column C Column D Type of Investment Amortized Cost (1) Fair Value Amount at which shown in the balance sheet (Dollars in thousands) Fixed maturity securities: Available for sale: United States Government full faith and credit $ 11,864 $ 11,805 $ 11,805 United States Government sponsored agencies 1,368,340 1,344,787 1,344,787 United States municipalities, states and territories 3,626,395 3,926,950 3,926,950 Foreign government obligations 224,588 232,233 232,233 Corporate securities 26,338,214 27,118,526 27,118,526 Residential mortgage backed securities 1,166,944 1,254,835 1,254,835 Commercial mortgage backed securities 5,422,255 5,365,235 5,365,235 Other asset backed securities 1,795,355 1,806,123 1,806,123 39,953,955 41,060,494 41,060,494 Held for investment: Corporate security 76,825 68,766 76,825 Total fixed maturity securities 40,030,780 41,129,260 41,137,319 Mortgage loans on real estate 2,480,956 2,522,035 2,480,956 Derivative instruments 313,729 830,519 830,519 Other investments 308,296 308,774 Total investments $ 43,133,761 $ 44,757,568 (1) On the basis of cost adjusted for other than temporary impairments, repayments and amortization of premiums and accrual of discounts for fixed maturity securities and short-term investments, original cost for derivative instruments and unpaid principal balance less allowance for credit losses for mortgage loans. See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Schedule II - Condensed Finan46

Schedule II - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company Only Disclosure [Abstract]
Condensed Balance Sheets	December 31, 2016 2015 Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 36,394 $ 38,903 Equity securities of subsidiary trusts 7,422 7,415 Receivable from subsidiaries 182 207 Deferred income taxes 9,528 11,645 Federal income tax recoverable, including amount from subsidiaries — 7,747 Other assets 2,540 2,270 56,066 68,187 Investment in and advances to subsidiaries 2,992,217 2,526,972 Total assets $ 3,048,283 $ 2,595,159 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Liabilities: Notes and loan payable $ 493,755 $ 393,227 Subordinated debentures payable to subsidiary trusts 241,853 241,452 Federal income tax payable 3,614 — Other liabilities 17,466 15,945 Total liabilities 756,688 650,624 Stockholders' equity: Common stock 88,001 81,354 Additional paid-in capital 770,344 630,367 Accumulated other comprehensive income 339,966 201,663 Retained earnings 1,093,284 1,031,151 Total stockholders' equity 2,291,595 1,944,535 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 3,048,283 $ 2,595,159 See accompanying note to condensed financial statements. See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
Condensed Statements of Operations	Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Revenues: Net investment income $ 78 $ 62 $ 130 Dividends from subsidiary trusts 384 363 360 Investment advisory fees 75,706 65,957 58,044 Surplus note interest from subsidiary 4,080 4,080 4,080 Change in fair value of derivatives (810 ) (8,225 ) (17,122 ) Loss on extinguishment of debt — — (12,502 ) Total revenues 79,438 62,237 32,990 Expenses: Change in fair value of embedded derivatives — (4,516 ) (15,227 ) Interest expense on notes and loan payable 28,248 28,849 36,370 Interest expense on subordinated debentures issued to subsidiary trusts 12,958 12,239 12,122 Other operating costs and expenses 8,551 8,195 7,928 Total expenses 49,757 44,767 41,193 Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries 29,681 17,470 (8,203 ) Income tax expense 12,073 7,338 664 Income (loss) before equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries 17,608 10,132 (8,867 ) Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries 65,635 209,698 134,890 Net income $ 83,243 $ 219,830 $ 126,023 See accompanying note to condensed financial statements. See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows	Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Operating activities Net income $ 83,243 $ 219,830 $ 126,023 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Change in fair value of 2015 notes embedded conversion derivative — (4,516 ) (15,227 ) Provision for depreciation and amortization 1,946 1,613 2,081 Accrual of discount on equity security (7 ) (6 ) (6 ) Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries (65,635 ) (209,698 ) (134,890 ) Accrual of discount on contingent convertible notes — 698 4,417 Change in fair value of derivatives (698 ) 6,377 15,619 Loss on extinguishment of debt — — 12,502 Accrual of discount on debenture issued to subsidiary trust 221 207 193 Share-based compensation 818 1,026 1,141 ESOP compensation — — 82 Deferred income taxes 2,117 8,967 6,439 Other — — (2,235 ) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Receivable from subsidiaries (125 ) 93 2,208 Federal income tax recoverable 11,361 2,683 1,121 Other assets (326 ) (4 ) 378 Other liabilities 2,546 (1,664 ) (7,256 ) Net cash provided by operating activities 35,461 25,606 12,590 Investing activities Capital contributions to subsidiaries $ (255,000 ) $ (120,000 ) $ — Purchases of property, plant and equipment (54 ) — — Net cash used in investing activities (255,054 ) (120,000 ) — Financing activities Financing fees incurred and deferred $ (1,456 ) $ — $ (100 ) Repayments of notes payable — (48,152 ) (219,094 ) Net proceeds from settlement of notes hedges and warrants — 25,775 16,558 Proceeds from issuance of debt 100,000 — — Excess tax benefits realized from share-based compensation plans — — 184 Proceeds from issuance of common stock 139,654 112,481 13,681 Dividends paid (21,114 ) (17,946 ) (15,221 ) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 217,084 72,158 (203,992 ) Decrease in cash and cash equivalents (2,509 ) (22,236 ) (191,402 ) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 38,903 61,139 252,541 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 36,394 $ 38,903 $ 61,139 Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information Cash paid during the year for: Interest on notes and loan payable $ 27,164 $ 27,283 $ 31,206 Interest on subordinated debentures 12,454 11,833 11,765 Non-cash financing activity: Common stock issued in extinguishment of debt — — 95,993 Common stock issued to settle warrants that have expired 93 48 — See accompanying note to condensed financial statements. See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Schedule III - Supplementary 47

Schedule III - Supplementary Insurance Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Supplementary Insurance Information [Abstract]
Supplemental Insurance Information	Schedule III—Supplementary Insurance Information AMERICAN EQUITY INVESTMENT LIFE HOLDING COMPANY Column A Column B Column C Column D Column E Deferred policy acquisition costs Future policy benefits, losses, claims and loss expenses Unearned premiums Other policy claims and benefits payable (Dollars in thousands) As of December 31, 2016: Life insurance $ 2,905,377 $ 51,637,026 $ — $ 298,347 As of December 31, 2015: $ 2,905,136 $ 45,495,431 $ — $ 324,850 As of December 31, 2014: $ 2,058,556 $ 39,802,861 $ — $ 365,819 Column A Column F Column G Column H Column I Column J Premium revenue Net investment income Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs Other operating expenses (Dollars in thousands) For the year ended December 31, 2016: Life insurance $ 217,346 $ 1,849,872 $ 1,572,586 $ 374,012 $ 143,437 For the year ended December 31, 2015: $ 172,216 $ 1,692,192 $ 758,203 $ 286,114 $ 137,306 For the year ended December 31, 2014: $ 151,613 $ 1,531,667 $ 1,679,255 $ 163,578 $ 130,076 See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Schedule IV - Reinsurance (Tabl

Schedule IV - Reinsurance (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Supplemental Schedule of Reinsurance Premiums for Insurance Companies [Abstract]
Supplemental Schedule of Reinsurance	Schedule IV—Reinsurance AMERICAN EQUITY INVESTMENT LIFE HOLDING COMPANY Column A Column B Column C Column D Column E Column F Gross amount Ceded to other companies Assumed from other companies Net amount Percent of amount assumed to net (Dollars in thousands) Year ended December 31, 2016 Life insurance in force, at end of year $ 1,996,446 $ 10,045 $ 57,849 $ 2,044,250 2.83 % Insurance premiums and other considerations: Annuity product charges $ 178,945 $ 5,366 $ — $ 173,579 — Traditional life, accident and health insurance, and life contingent immediate annuity premiums 43,521 251 497 43,767 1.14 % $ 222,466 $ 5,617 $ 497 $ 217,346 0.23 % Year ended December 31, 2015 Life insurance in force, at end of year $ 2,036,690 $ 10,677 $ 56,882 $ 2,082,895 2.73 % Insurance premiums and other considerations: Annuity product charges $ 141,595 $ 5,427 $ — $ 136,168 — Traditional life, accident and health insurance, and life contingent immediate annuity premiums 35,715 256 589 36,048 1.63 % $ 177,310 $ 5,683 $ 589 $ 172,216 0.34 % Year ended December 31, 2014 Life insurance in force, at end of year $ 2,171,426 $ 11,548 $ 56,509 $ 2,216,387 2.55 % Insurance premiums and other considerations: Annuity product charges $ 124,946 $ 5,956 $ — $ 118,990 — Traditional life, accident and health insurance, and life contingent immediate annuity premiums 32,308 336 651 32,623 2.00 % $ 157,254 $ 6,292 $ 651 $ 151,613 0.43 % See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Schedule V - Valuation and Qu49

Schedule V - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	Schedule V—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts AMERICAN EQUITY INVESTMENT LIFE HOLDING COMPANY Balance January 1, Charged to Costs and Expenses Translation Adjustment Write-offs/ Payments/Other Balance December 31, (Dollars in thousands Year ended December 31, 2016 Valuation allowance on mortgage loans $ (14,142 ) $ (4,846 ) $ — $ 10,561 $ (8,427 ) Year ended December 31, 2015 Valuation allowance on mortgage loans $ (22,633 ) $ 1,018 $ — $ 7,473 $ (14,142 ) Year ended December 31, 2014 Valuation allowance on mortgage loans $ (26,047 ) $ (6,052 ) $ — $ 9,466 $ (22,633 ) See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Significant Accounting Polici50

Significant Accounting Policies (Narrative) (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)statesNMOs	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)NMOs	Dec. 31, 2014USD ($)NMOs
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Number of states in which entity is licensed to sell insurance products | states	50
Number of days past due, non-accrual status	90 days
Provision for annual experience refunds of premiums | $	$ 1.5	$ 1.5	$ 1.7
National marketing organizations, number of organizations accounting for more than 10% of annuity deposits and insurance premium collections | NMOs	2	1	2
Minimum [Member]
Interest crediting rate, range for fixed index annuities and other deferred annuity products	1.00%	1.00%	1.00%
Reserve interest assumptions, range	3.00%
Maximum [Member]
Interest crediting rate, range for fixed index annuities and other deferred annuity products	3.30%	3.30%	3.30%
Reserve interest assumptions, range	5.50%
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Member]
Investment maturity period (less than)	3 months
Repurchase Agreements [Member]
Investment maturity period (less than)	42 days
National Marketing Organization, Greater than 10%, NMO 1 [Member]
National marketing organizations, percent of annuity deposits and insurance premiums collected individually	19.00%	24.00%	10.00%
National Marketing Organization, Greater than 10%, NMO 2 [Member]
National marketing organizations, percent of annuity deposits and insurance premiums collected individually	10.00%		10.00%

Significant Accounting Polici51

Significant Accounting Policies (Premiums and Annuity Deposits, By Product Type) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Product Information [Line Items]
Fixed index annuities	$ 5,035,818	$ 6,491,981	$ 3,911,109
Annual reset fixed rate annuities	63,582	44,715	56,647
Multi-year fixed rate annuities	256,894	42,709	21,125
Single premium immediate annuities (SPIA)	35,851	32,752	24,580
Life insurance	9,946	10,917	10,810
Premiums and annuity deposits, net of coinsurance	$ 5,402,091	$ 6,623,074	$ 4,024,271

Fair Values of Financial Inst52

Fair Values of Financial Instruments (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)Basis_Points	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2014USD ($)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets, Level 1 to Level 2 transfers, amount	$ 0	$ 0
Liabilities, Level 1 to Level 2 transfers, amount	0	0
Assets, Level 2 to Level 1 transfers, amount	0	0
Liabilities, Level 2 to Level 1 transfers, amount	0	0
Assets, transfers into Level 3, amount	0	0	$ 0
Liabilities, transfers into Level 3, amount	0	0	0
Assets, transfers out of Level 3, amount	0	0	0
Liabilities, transfers out of Level 3, amount	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Fair Value, Sensitivity, Increase in Discount Rate by 10 Percent [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value, sensitivity, discount rate adjustment (basis points) | Basis_Points	100
Fixed index annuities embedded derivative, adjustment due to change in discount rate	$ (451,400)
Deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements, combined balance, adjustment due to change in discount rate	$ (276,400)
Fair Value, Sensitivity, Decrease in Discount Rate by 10 Percent [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value, sensitivity, discount rate adjustment (basis points) | Basis_Points	100
Fixed index annuities embedded derivative, adjustment due to change in discount rate	$ 504,500
Deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements, combined balance, adjustment due to change in discount rate	$ 299,500

Fair Values of Financial Inst53

Fair Values of Financial Instruments (Carrying Amounts and Fair Values of Financial Instruments) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Assets
Held for investment	$ 68,766	$ 65,377
Other investments	308,774	299,358
Coinsurance deposits	4,639,492	3,187,470
Liabilities
Policy benefit reserves	51,637,026	45,495,431
Carrying Amount [Member]
Assets
Mortgage loans on real estate	2,480,956	2,435,257
Derivative assets	830,519	337,256
Other investments	308,774	292,872
Cash and cash equivalents	791,266	397,749
Coinsurance deposits	4,639,492	3,187,470
Counterparty collateral	145,693	82,312
Liabilities
Policy benefit reserves	51,280,331	45,151,460
Single premium immediate annuity (SPIA) benefit reserves	297,724	324,264
Notes and loan payable	493,755	393,227
Subordinated debentures	241,853	241,452
Carrying Amount [Member] | Interest Rate Caps [Member]
Assets
Interest rate derivative assets	1,082	1,410
Carrying Amount [Member] | Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Liabilities
Interest rate derivative liabilities	2,113	3,139
Carrying Amount [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	41,060,494	36,421,839
Held for investment	76,825	76,622
Fair Value [Member]
Assets
Mortgage loans on real estate	2,522,035	2,471,864
Derivative assets	830,519	337,256
Other investments	300,918	297,903
Cash and cash equivalents	791,266	397,749
Coinsurance deposits	4,150,792	2,860,882
Counterparty collateral	145,693	82,312
Liabilities
Policy benefit reserves	43,104,183	38,435,515
Single premium immediate annuity (SPIA) benefit reserves	308,028	336,066
Notes and loan payable	519,440	417,752
Subordinated debentures	225,106	216,933
Fair Value [Member] | Interest Rate Caps [Member]
Assets
Interest rate derivative assets	1,082	1,410
Fair Value [Member] | Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Liabilities
Interest rate derivative liabilities	2,113	3,139
Fair Value [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	41,060,494	36,421,839
Held for investment	$ 68,766	$ 65,377

Fair Values of Financial Inst54

Fair Values of Financial Instruments (Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy) (Details) - Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Assets
Derivative assets	$ 830,519	$ 337,256
Cash and cash equivalents	791,266	397,749
Counterparty collateral	145,693	82,312
Assets	42,837,054	37,248,394
Liabilities
Fixed index annuities - embedded derivatives	6,563,288	5,983,622
Liabilities	6,565,401	5,986,761
Interest Rate Caps [Member]
Assets
Interest rate derivative assets	1,082	1,410
Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Liabilities
Interest rate derivative liabilities	2,113	3,139
Other Investments: Equity Securities, Available For Sale [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	8,000	7,828
United States Government Full Faith and Credit [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	11,805	471,256
United States Government Sponsored Agencies [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	1,344,787	1,398,611
United States Municipalities, States and Territories [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	3,926,950	3,755,367
Foreign Government Obligations [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	232,233	212,565
Corporate Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	27,118,526	23,802,394
Residential Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	1,254,835	1,462,072
Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	5,365,235	4,174,396
Other Asset Backed Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	1,806,123	1,145,178
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) [Member]
Assets
Derivative assets	0	0
Cash and cash equivalents	791,266	397,749
Counterparty collateral	0	0
Assets	796,653	836,468
Liabilities
Fixed index annuities - embedded derivatives	0	0
Liabilities	0	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) [Member] | Interest Rate Caps [Member]
Assets
Interest rate derivative assets	0	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) [Member] | Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Liabilities
Interest rate derivative liabilities	0	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) [Member] | Other Investments: Equity Securities, Available For Sale [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	0	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) [Member] | United States Government Full Faith and Credit [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	5,381	438,598
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) [Member] | United States Government Sponsored Agencies [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	0	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) [Member] | United States Municipalities, States and Territories [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	0	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) [Member] | Foreign Government Obligations [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	0	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) [Member] | Corporate Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	6	121
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) [Member] | Residential Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	0	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) [Member] | Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	0	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) [Member] | Other Asset Backed Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	0	0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member]
Assets
Derivative assets	830,519	337,256
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Counterparty collateral	145,693	82,312
Assets	42,040,401	36,411,926
Liabilities
Fixed index annuities - embedded derivatives	0	0
Liabilities	2,113	3,139
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Interest Rate Caps [Member]
Assets
Interest rate derivative assets	1,082	1,410
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Liabilities
Interest rate derivative liabilities	2,113	3,139
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Other Investments: Equity Securities, Available For Sale [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	8,000	7,828
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | United States Government Full Faith and Credit [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	6,424	32,658
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | United States Government Sponsored Agencies [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	1,344,787	1,398,611
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | United States Municipalities, States and Territories [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	3,926,950	3,755,367
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Foreign Government Obligations [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	232,233	212,565
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Corporate Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	27,118,520	23,802,273
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Residential Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	1,254,835	1,462,072
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	5,365,235	4,174,396
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Other Asset Backed Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	1,806,123	1,145,178
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member]
Assets
Derivative assets	0	0
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Counterparty collateral	0	0
Assets	0	0
Liabilities
Fixed index annuities - embedded derivatives	6,563,288	5,983,622
Liabilities	6,563,288	5,983,622
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Interest Rate Caps [Member]
Assets
Interest rate derivative assets	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Liabilities
Interest rate derivative liabilities	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Other Investments: Equity Securities, Available For Sale [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | United States Government Full Faith and Credit [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | United States Government Sponsored Agencies [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | United States Municipalities, States and Territories [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Foreign Government Obligations [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Corporate Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Residential Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Other Asset Backed Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Assets
Available for sale securities	$ 0	$ 0

Fair Values of Financial Inst55

Fair Values of Financial Instruments (Assumptions Used in Estimating Fair Value) (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Long-Duration Contracts, Assumptions by Product and Guarantee [Line Items]
Expected cost of annual call options	3.10%	3.10%
Mortality rate assumption	65.00%
Fixed Index Annuities [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Contract Duration (Years), Group 1 [Member]
Long-Duration Contracts, Assumptions by Product and Guarantee [Line Items]
Contract duration (years)	1 year	1 year
Fixed Index Annuities [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Contract Duration (Years), Group 2 [Member]
Long-Duration Contracts, Assumptions by Product and Guarantee [Line Items]
Contract duration (years)	6 years	6 years
Fixed Index Annuities [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Contract Duration (Years), Group 3 [Member]
Long-Duration Contracts, Assumptions by Product and Guarantee [Line Items]
Contract duration (years)	11 years	11 years
Fixed Index Annuities [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Contract Duration (Years), Group 4 [Member]
Long-Duration Contracts, Assumptions by Product and Guarantee [Line Items]
Contract duration (years)	16 years	16 years
Fixed Index Annuities [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Contract Duration (Years), Group 5 [Member]
Long-Duration Contracts, Assumptions by Product and Guarantee [Line Items]
Contract duration (years)	20 years	20 years
Fixed Index Annuities [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Contract Duration (Years), Group 1 [Member]
Long-Duration Contracts, Assumptions by Product and Guarantee [Line Items]
Contract duration (years)	5 years	5 years
Fixed Index Annuities [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Contract Duration (Years), Group 2 [Member]
Long-Duration Contracts, Assumptions by Product and Guarantee [Line Items]
Contract duration (years)	10 years	10 years
Fixed Index Annuities [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Contract Duration (Years), Group 3 [Member]
Long-Duration Contracts, Assumptions by Product and Guarantee [Line Items]
Contract duration (years)	15 years	15 years
Fixed Index Annuities [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Contract Duration (Years), Group 4 [Member]
Long-Duration Contracts, Assumptions by Product and Guarantee [Line Items]
Contract duration (years)	20 years	20 years
Fixed Index Annuities [Member] | Weighted Average [Member] | Contract Duration (Years), Group 1 [Member]
Long-Duration Contracts, Assumptions by Product and Guarantee [Line Items]
Average lapse rates	1.76%	1.58%
Average partial withdrawal rates	3.30%	3.08%
Fixed Index Annuities [Member] | Weighted Average [Member] | Contract Duration (Years), Group 2 [Member]
Long-Duration Contracts, Assumptions by Product and Guarantee [Line Items]
Average lapse rates	6.58%	8.55%
Average partial withdrawal rates	3.30%	3.55%
Fixed Index Annuities [Member] | Weighted Average [Member] | Contract Duration (Years), Group 3 [Member]
Long-Duration Contracts, Assumptions by Product and Guarantee [Line Items]
Average lapse rates	11.25%	12.01%
Average partial withdrawal rates	3.32%	3.59%
Fixed Index Annuities [Member] | Weighted Average [Member] | Contract Duration (Years), Group 4 [Member]
Long-Duration Contracts, Assumptions by Product and Guarantee [Line Items]
Average lapse rates	12.04%	12.99%
Average partial withdrawal rates	3.18%	3.22%
Fixed Index Annuities [Member] | Weighted Average [Member] | Contract Duration (Years), Group 5 [Member]
Long-Duration Contracts, Assumptions by Product and Guarantee [Line Items]
Average lapse rates	11.68%	12.54%
Average partial withdrawal rates	3.18%	3.22%

Fair Values of Financial Inst56

Fair Values of Financial Instruments (Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Balances of Level 3 Liabilities) (Details) - Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 5,983,622	$ 5,574,653
Premiums less benefits	434,621	1,234,637
Change in fair value, net	145,045	(825,668)
Ending balance	$ 6,563,288	$ 5,983,622

Investments (Narrative) (Detail

Investments (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)Securities	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)Securities	Dec. 31, 2014USD ($)
Investments [Abstract]
Fixed income securities with call features, percentage	35.00%
Fixed income securities with call features, currently callable, percentage	0.10%
Fixed income securities with call features, currently callable, amount	$ 55,700
Fixed income securities with call features, callable during next 12 months, percentage	3.10%
Fixed income securities with call features, callable during next 12 months, amount	$ 1,300,000
Fixed income securities with call features, not callable until within 6 months of stated maturity, percentage	70.00%
Percentage of fixed maturity portfolio rated investment grade based on NAIC designations	97.00%	98.00%
Number of securities in unrealized loss position | Securities	1,514	1,246
Percentage of unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities where securities are rated investment grade	86.00%	84.00%
Assets held by insurance regulators	$ 43,500,000	$ 38,300,000
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Principal repayments, calls and tenders of available for sale securities	$ 2,746,510	1,612,121	$ 1,490,906
Stockholders' Equity, Total [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Threshold for disclosure percentage	10.00%
Investment Type Concentration Risk [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Fair value, concentration of risk, investments	$ 0	0
Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Principal repayments, calls and tenders of available for sale securities	1,700,000	1,200,000	1,300,000
Available For Sale [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Proceeds from sales of available for sale securities	$ 1,000,000	$ 400,000	$ 200,000

Investments (Schedule of Fixed

Investments (Schedule of Fixed Maturity Securities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Held for investment, amortized cost	$ 76,825	$ 76,622
Held for investment, fair value	68,766	65,377
Fixed Maturity Securities [Member] | Available For Sale [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Available for sale securities, amortized cost	39,953,955	35,823,710
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized gains	1,691,257	1,443,474
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized losses	(584,718)	(845,345)
Available for sale securities, fair value	41,060,494	36,421,839
Equity Securities [Member] | Available For Sale [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Available for sale securities, amortized cost	7,521	7,515
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized gains	479	313
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized losses	0	0
Available for sale securities, fair value	8,000	7,828
United States Government Full Faith and Credit [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member] | Available For Sale [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Available for sale securities, amortized cost	11,864	470,567
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized gains	229	988
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized losses	(288)	(299)
Available for sale securities, fair value	11,805	471,256
United States Government Sponsored Agencies [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member] | Available For Sale [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Available for sale securities, amortized cost	1,368,340	1,386,219
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized gains	23,360	26,801
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized losses	(46,913)	(14,409)
Available for sale securities, fair value	1,344,787	1,398,611
United States Municipalities, States and Territories [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member] | Available For Sale [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Available for sale securities, amortized cost	3,626,395	3,422,667
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized gains	322,948	341,328
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized losses	(22,393)	(8,628)
Available for sale securities, fair value	3,926,950	3,755,367
Foreign Government Obligations [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member] | Available For Sale [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Available for sale securities, amortized cost	224,588	210,953
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized gains	12,725	12,547
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized losses	(5,080)	(10,935)
Available for sale securities, fair value	232,233	212,565
Corporate Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member] | Available For Sale [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Available for sale securities, amortized cost	26,338,214	23,597,530
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized gains	1,149,085	887,288
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized losses	(368,773)	(682,424)
Available for sale securities, fair value	27,118,526	23,802,394
Corporate Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member] | Held For Investment [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Held for investment, amortized cost	76,825	76,622
Held for investment, gross unrealized gains	0	0
Held for investment, gross unrealized losses	(8,059)	(11,245)
Held for investment, fair value	68,766	65,377
Residential Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member] | Available For Sale [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Available for sale securities, amortized cost	1,166,944	1,366,985
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized gains	91,445	98,576
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized losses	(3,554)	(3,489)
Available for sale securities, fair value	1,254,835	1,462,072
Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member] | Available For Sale [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Available for sale securities, amortized cost	5,422,255	4,238,265
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized gains	59,994	41,412
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized losses	(117,014)	(105,281)
Available for sale securities, fair value	5,365,235	4,174,396
Other Asset Backed Securities [Member] | Fixed Maturity Securities [Member] | Available For Sale [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Available for sale securities, amortized cost	1,795,355	1,130,524
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized gains	31,471	34,534
Available for sale securities, gross unrealized losses	(20,703)	(19,880)
Available for sale securities, fair value	$ 1,806,123	$ 1,145,178

Investments (Fixed Maturity Sec

Investments (Fixed Maturity Securities by Contractual Maturity) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Available-for-sale Securities, Debt Maturities, Amortized Cost Basis [Abstract]
Available for sale, due in one year or less, amortized cost	$ 236,707
Available for sale, due after one year through five years, amortized cost	2,824,776
Available for sale, due after five years through ten years, amortized cost	11,659,762
Available for sale, due after ten years through twenty years, amortized cost	8,792,470
Available for sale, due after twenty years, amortized cost	8,055,686
Available for sale, securities with a single maturity date, amortized cost	31,569,401
Available for sale, amortized cost	39,953,955	$ 35,823,710
Available-for-sale Securities, Debt Maturities, Fair Value [Abstract]
Available for sale, due in one year or less, fair value	241,934
Available for sale, due after one year through five years, fair value	2,979,768
Available for sale, due after five years through ten years, fair value	11,738,156
Available for sale, due after ten years through twenty years, fair value	9,284,726
Available for sale, due after twenty years, fair value	8,389,717
Available for sale, securities with a single maturity date, fair value	32,634,301
Available for sale, fair value	41,060,494	36,421,839
Held-to-maturity Securities, Debt Maturities, Net Carrying Amount [Abstract]
Held for investment, due in one year or less, amortized cost	0
Held for investment, due after one year through five years, amortized cost	0
Held for investment, due after five years through ten years, amortized cost	0
Held for investment, due after ten years through twenty years, amortized cost	0
Held for investment, due after twenty years, amortized cost	76,825
Held for investment, securities with a single maturity date, amortized cost	76,825
Held for investment, amortized cost	76,825	76,622
Held-to-maturity Securities, Debt Maturities, Fair Value [Abstract]
Held for investment, due in one year or less, fair value	0
Held for investment, due after one year through five years, fair value	0
Held for investment, due after five years through ten years, fair value	0
Held for investment, due after ten years through twenty years, fair value	0
Held for investment, due after twenty years, fair value	68,766
Held for investment, securities with a single maturity date, fair value	68,766
Held for investment, fair value	68,766	$ 65,377
Residential Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale Securities, Debt Maturities, Amortized Cost Basis [Abstract]
Available for sale, securities without a single maturity date, amortized cost	1,166,944
Available-for-sale Securities, Debt Maturities, Fair Value [Abstract]
Available for sale, securities without a single maturity date, fair value	1,254,835
Held-to-maturity Securities, Debt Maturities, Net Carrying Amount [Abstract]
Held for investment, securities without a single maturity date, amortized cost	0
Held-to-maturity Securities, Debt Maturities, Fair Value [Abstract]
Held for investment, securities without a single maturity date, fair value	0
Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale Securities, Debt Maturities, Amortized Cost Basis [Abstract]
Available for sale, securities without a single maturity date, amortized cost	5,422,255
Available-for-sale Securities, Debt Maturities, Fair Value [Abstract]
Available for sale, securities without a single maturity date, fair value	5,365,235
Held-to-maturity Securities, Debt Maturities, Net Carrying Amount [Abstract]
Held for investment, securities without a single maturity date, amortized cost	0
Held-to-maturity Securities, Debt Maturities, Fair Value [Abstract]
Held for investment, securities without a single maturity date, fair value	0
Other Asset Backed Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale Securities, Debt Maturities, Amortized Cost Basis [Abstract]
Available for sale, securities without a single maturity date, amortized cost	1,795,355
Available-for-sale Securities, Debt Maturities, Fair Value [Abstract]
Available for sale, securities without a single maturity date, fair value	1,806,123
Held-to-maturity Securities, Debt Maturities, Net Carrying Amount [Abstract]
Held for investment, securities without a single maturity date, amortized cost	0
Held-to-maturity Securities, Debt Maturities, Fair Value [Abstract]
Held for investment, securities without a single maturity date, fair value	$ 0

Investments (Net Unrealized Gai

Investments (Net Unrealized Gains on Available for Sale Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Reported as a Seperate Component of Stockholders' Equity) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Investments [Abstract]
Net unrealized gains on available for sale fixed maturity securities and equity securities	$ 1,107,018	$ 598,442
Adjustments for assumed changes in amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements	(618,661)	(322,859)
Deferred income tax valuation allowance reversal	22,534	22,534
Deferred income tax expense	(170,925)	(96,454)
Net unrealized gains reported as accumulated other comprehensive income	$ 339,966	$ 201,663

Investments (Credit Quality of

Investments (Credit Quality of Fixed Maturity Security Portfolio by NAIC Designation) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Amortized cost	$ 40,030,780	$ 35,900,332
Fair value	41,129,260	36,487,216
NAIC, Class 1 Designation [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Amortized cost	25,607,268	23,363,259
Fair value	26,507,798	24,207,801
NAIC, Class 2 Designation [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Amortized cost	13,037,592	11,709,730
Fair value	13,295,648	11,589,325
NAIC, Class 3 Designation [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Amortized cost	1,201,059	758,531
Fair value	1,155,702	643,293
NAIC, Class 4 Designation [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Amortized cost	154,226	60,480
Fair value	137,188	44,312
NAIC, Class 5 Designation [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Amortized cost	17,475	0
Fair value	24,664	0
NAIC, Class 6 Designation [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Amortized cost	13,160	8,332
Fair value	$ 8,260	$ 2,485

Investments (Gross Unrealized L

Investments (Gross Unrealized Losses on Investments, By Category and Length of Time) (Details) - Fixed Maturity Securities [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, fair value	$ 13,195,027	$ 13,944,810
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(454,013)	(646,288)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, fair value	1,368,974	676,956
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	(130,705)	(199,057)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, fair value	14,564,001	14,621,766
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, unrealized losses	(584,718)	(845,345)
United States Government Full Faith and Credit [Member]
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, fair value	7,405	37,730
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(288)	(299)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, fair value	0	0
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	0	0
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, fair value	7,405	37,730
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, unrealized losses	(288)	(299)
United States Government Sponsored Agencies [Member]
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, fair value	995,548	957,053
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(46,913)	(14,409)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, fair value	0	0
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	0	0
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, fair value	995,548	957,053
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, unrealized losses	(46,913)	(14,409)
United States Municipalities, States and Territories [Member]
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, fair value	463,409	261,823
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(22,393)	(8,474)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, fair value	0	2,846
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	0	(154)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, fair value	463,409	264,669
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, unrealized losses	(22,393)	(8,628)
Foreign Government Obligations [Member]
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, fair value	29,158	42,966
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(913)	(1,762)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, fair value	20,388	15,463
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	(4,167)	(9,173)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, fair value	49,546	58,429
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, unrealized losses	(5,080)	(10,935)
Corporate Securities [Member] | Finance, Insurance and Real Estate [Member]
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, fair value	2,302,103	2,077,223
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(79,077)	(59,607)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, fair value	110,730	49,912
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	(9,834)	(14,855)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, fair value	2,412,833	2,127,135
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, unrealized losses	(88,911)	(74,462)
Corporate Securities [Member] | Manufacturing, Construction and Mining [Member]
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, fair value	2,556,147	3,517,967
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(74,144)	(246,456)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, fair value	702,978	376,229
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	(74,382)	(131,003)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, fair value	3,259,125	3,894,196
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, unrealized losses	(148,526)	(377,459)
Corporate Securities [Member] | Utilities and Related Sectors [Member]
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, fair value	1,605,742	2,240,652
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(53,055)	(138,940)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, fair value	196,085	97,184
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	(16,208)	(22,565)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, fair value	1,801,827	2,337,836
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, unrealized losses	(69,263)	(161,505)
Corporate Securities [Member] | Wholesale/Retail Trade [Member]
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, fair value	396,310	473,050
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(9,433)	(17,863)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, fair value	57,708	38,682
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	(5,739)	(8,125)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, fair value	454,018	511,732
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, unrealized losses	(15,172)	(25,988)
Corporate Securities [Member] | Services, Media and Other [Member]
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, fair value	857,515	1,037,011
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(35,107)	(39,937)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, fair value	132,170	32,050
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	(11,794)	(3,073)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, fair value	989,685	1,069,061
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, unrealized losses	(46,901)	(43,010)
Corporate Securities [Member] | Insurance [Member]
Held-to-maturity Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Held for investment, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, fair value	0	65,377
Held for investment, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, unrealized losses	0	(11,245)
Held for investment, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, fair value	68,766	0
Held for investment, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	(8,059)	0
Held for investment, continuous unrealized loss position, total, fair value	68,766	65,377
Held for investment, continuous unrealized loss position, total, unrealized losses	(8,059)	(11,245)
Residential Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, fair value	81,762	162,770
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(3,463)	(2,958)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, fair value	1,853	6,438
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	(91)	(531)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, fair value	83,615	169,208
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, unrealized losses	(3,554)	(3,489)
Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, fair value	3,148,395	2,679,510
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(116,938)	(105,002)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, fair value	895	11,495
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	(76)	(279)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, fair value	3,149,290	2,691,005
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, unrealized losses	(117,014)	(105,281)
Other Asset Backed Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, fair value	751,533	457,055
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(12,289)	(10,581)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, fair value	146,167	46,657
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	(8,414)	(9,299)
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, fair value	897,700	503,712
Available for sale, continuous unrealized loss position, total, unrealized losses	$ (20,703)	$ (19,880)

Investments (Changes in Net Unr

Investments (Changes in Net Unrealized Gains/Losses on Investments) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Fixed maturity securities held for investment carried at amortized cost	$ 3,186	$ (10,651)	$ 14,821
Investments carried at fair value	508,576	(1,642,010)	2,157,460
Adjustment for effect on other balance sheet accounts:
Deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements	(295,802)	842,412	(1,118,683)
Deferred income tax asset/liability	(74,471)	279,860	(363,572)
Total adjustment for effect on other balance sheet accounts	(370,273)	1,122,272	(1,482,255)
Change in net unrealized gains on investments carried at fair value	138,303	(519,738)	675,205
Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Investments carried at fair value	508,410	(1,642,027)	2,157,439
Equity Securities [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Investments carried at fair value	$ 166	$ 17	$ 21

Investments (Components of Net

Investments (Components of Net Investment Income) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Investment income, gross									$ 1,861,392	$ 1,704,201	$ 1,545,892
Less investment expenses									(11,520)	(12,009)	(14,225)
Net investment income	$ 475,633	$ 463,583	$ 459,830	$ 450,826	$ 438,262	$ 436,085	$ 418,176	$ 399,669	1,849,872	1,692,192	1,531,667
Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Investment income, gross									1,729,176	1,566,409	1,394,301
Equity Securities [Member]
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Investment income, gross									531	441	404
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Member]
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Investment income, gross									122,985	131,892	143,998
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Member]
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Investment income, gross									3,201	601	286
Other [Member]
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Investment income, gross									$ 5,499	$ 4,858	$ 6,903

Investments (Net Realized Gains

Investments (Net Realized Gains (Losses) on Invesments) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Net realized gains (losses) on investments, excluding other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses	$ 844	$ 5,256	$ 2,737	$ 2,687	$ (151)	$ 1,159	$ 4,324	$ 4,879	$ 11,524	$ 10,211	$ (4,003)
Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Available for sale fixed maturity securities: gross realized gains									14,132	7,230	3,273
Available for sale fixed maturity securities: gross realized losses									(4,036)	(5,787)	(1,006)
Available for sale fixed maturity securities: gross realized gains (losses), excluding other than temporary impairments									10,096	1,443	2,267
Other Investments [Member]
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Other investments: gain on sale of real estate									884	4,194	2,454
Other investments: loss on sale of real estate									(93)	(575)	(231)
Other investments: impairment losses on real estate									0	(1,297)	(2,441)
Gain (loss) on other investments									791	2,322	(218)
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Member]
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Mortgage loans on real estate: decrease (increase) in allowance for credit losses									(4,846)	1,018	(6,052)
Mortgage loans on real estate: recovery of specific allowance									5,483	5,428	0
Mortgage loans on real estate: change in allowance for provision and recoveries									$ 637	$ 6,446	$ (6,052)

Investments (Non-Income Produci

Investments (Non-Income Producing Investments) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Non-income producing investments	$ 1,651	$ 1,810
Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Non-income producing investments	1,651	10
Real Estate Owned [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Non-income producing investments	$ 0	$ 1,800

Investments (Significant Assump

Investments (Significant Assumptions Used to Determine the Credit Loss Component of Other Than Temporary Impariment on Residential Mortgage Backed Securities) (Details) - Residential Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Prime Sector [Member] | Vintage Year 2005 [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Discount rate	7.70%
Default rate	8.00%
Loss severity	50.00%
Prime Sector [Member] | Vintage Year 2005 [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Discount rate	7.70%
Default rate	14.00%
Loss severity	50.00%
Prime Sector [Member] | Vintage Year 2006 [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Discount rate	6.50%	6.50%
Default rate	12.00%	12.00%
Loss severity	40.00%	40.00%
Prime Sector [Member] | Vintage Year 2006 [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Discount rate	7.30%	7.40%
Default rate	13.00%	14.00%
Loss severity	50.00%	50.00%
Prime Sector [Member] | Vintage Year 2007 [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Discount rate	6.20%	5.80%
Default rate	18.00%	15.00%
Loss severity	50.00%	45.00%
Prime Sector [Member] | Vintage Year 2007 [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Discount rate	6.40%	7.00%
Default rate	31.00%	25.00%
Loss severity	55.00%	55.00%
Alt-A Sector [Member] | Vintage Year 2005 [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Discount rate	7.40%	5.60%
Default rate	11.00%	13.00%
Loss severity	60.00%	2.00%
Alt-A Sector [Member] | Vintage Year 2005 [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Discount rate	7.40%	7.40%
Default rate	11.00%	99.00%
Loss severity	60.00%	50.00%

Investments (Other Than Tempora

Investments (Other Than Temporary Impairment by Asset Type) (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2016USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2016USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2016USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2015USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2015USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2015USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)Securities	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)Securities	Dec. 31, 2014USD ($)Securities
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Other than temporary impairment, number of securities | Securities									22	14
Total OTTI losses									$ (21,349)	$ (25,547)	$ 0
Portion of OTTI losses recognized in (from) other comprehensive income									(1,330)	6,011	(2,627)
Net OTTI losses recognized in operations	$ (9,560)	$ (2,979)	$ (4,446)	$ (5,694)	$ (13,347)	$ (5,229)	$ (828)	$ (132)	$ (22,679)	$ (19,536)	$ (2,627)
Corporate Securities [Member] | Energy [Member]
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Other than temporary impairment, number of securities | Securities									2
Total OTTI losses									$ (642)
Portion of OTTI losses recognized in (from) other comprehensive income									0
Net OTTI losses recognized in operations									$ (642)
Corporate Securities [Member] | Materials [Member]
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Other than temporary impairment, number of securities | Securities									1
Total OTTI losses									$ (4,554)
Portion of OTTI losses recognized in (from) other comprehensive income									1,575
Net OTTI losses recognized in operations									$ (2,979)
Corporate Securities [Member] | Telecommunications [Member]
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Other than temporary impairment, number of securities | Securities									1
Total OTTI losses									$ (4,462)
Portion of OTTI losses recognized in (from) other comprehensive income									562
Net OTTI losses recognized in operations									$ (3,900)
Corporate Securities [Member] | Utilities [Member]
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Other than temporary impairment, number of securities | Securities									2
Total OTTI losses									$ (6,961)
Portion of OTTI losses recognized in (from) other comprehensive income									798
Net OTTI losses recognized in operations									$ (6,163)
Corporate Securities [Member] | Industrial [Member]
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Other than temporary impairment, number of securities | Securities										2
Total OTTI losses										$ (15,414)
Portion of OTTI losses recognized in (from) other comprehensive income										2,975
Net OTTI losses recognized in operations										$ (12,439)
Residential Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Other than temporary impairment, number of securities | Securities									9	11	7
Total OTTI losses									$ 0	$ (133)	$ 0
Portion of OTTI losses recognized in (from) other comprehensive income									(783)	(2,089)	(2,627)
Net OTTI losses recognized in operations									$ (783)	$ (2,222)	$ (2,627)
Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Other than temporary impairment, number of securities | Securities									5
Total OTTI losses									$ (1,540)
Portion of OTTI losses recognized in (from) other comprehensive income									0
Net OTTI losses recognized in operations									$ (1,540)
Other Asset Backed Securities [Member]
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Other than temporary impairment, number of securities | Securities									2	1
Total OTTI losses									$ (3,190)	$ (10,000)
Portion of OTTI losses recognized in (from) other comprehensive income									(3,482)	5,125
Net OTTI losses recognized in operations									$ (6,672)	$ (4,875)

Investments (Other Than Tempo69

Investments (Other Than Temporary Impairment, Credit Losses Recognized in Earnings) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Other than Temporary Impairment, Credit Losses Recognized in Earnings [Line Items]
Cumulative credit loss at beginning of year	$ (145,824)	$ (127,050)
Credit losses on securities for which OTTI has not previously been recognized	(18,414)	(17,447)
Additional credit losses on securities for which OTTI has previously been recognized	(4,265)	(2,089)
Accumulated losses on securities that were disposed of during the period	2,128	762
Cumulative credit loss at end of year	$ (166,375)	$ (145,824)

Investments (Schedule of Other

Investments (Schedule of Other Than Temporary Impairment Losses, Investments) (Details) - Fixed Maturity Securities [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Amortized cost	$ 399,690	$ 481,421
OTTI recognized in other comprehensive income	(177,494)	(178,824)
Change in fair value since OTTI was recognized	217,747	198,605
Fair value	439,943	501,202
Corporate Securities [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Amortized cost	17,549	6,396
OTTI recognized in other comprehensive income	(5,910)	(2,975)
Change in fair value since OTTI was recognized	13,566	9
Fair value	25,205	3,430
Residential Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Amortized cost	368,862	466,871
OTTI recognized in other comprehensive income	(169,941)	(170,724)
Change in fair value since OTTI was recognized	205,854	199,149
Fair value	404,775	495,296
Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Amortized cost	6,596
OTTI recognized in other comprehensive income	0
Change in fair value since OTTI was recognized	(107)
Fair value	6,489
Other Asset Backed Securities [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Amortized cost	6,683	8,154
OTTI recognized in other comprehensive income	(1,643)	(5,125)
Change in fair value since OTTI was recognized	(1,566)	(553)
Fair value	$ 3,474	$ 2,476

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate71

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)portfolio_segment	Dec. 31, 2014loans	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Abstract]
Number of portfolio segments that make up financing receivables | portfolio_segment	1
Number of loans satisfied by foreclosure | loans		7
Impaired mortgage loans, workout terms, interest only payments, six month terms	6 months
Impaired mortgage loans, workout terms, interest only payments, twelve month terms	12 months
Impaired mortgage loans, workout terms, cash flow sweep, number of months	12 months
Number of days past due, non-accrual status	90 days
Non-accrual loans	$ 0		$ 0
Minimum [Member]
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Number of days past due, delinquent status	60 days
Commercial Real Estate Portfolio Segment [Member]
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Commitments outstanding	$ 75,500

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate72

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate (Summary of Mortgage Loan Portfolio) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	$ 2,490,619	$ 2,449,909	$ 2,457,721
Mortgage loans on real estate	2,480,956	2,435,257
Commercial Real Estate Portfolio Segment [Member]
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	2,490,619	2,449,909
Loan loss allowance	(8,427)	(14,142)
Deferred prepayment fees	(1,236)	(510)
Mortgage loans on real estate	$ 2,480,956	$ 2,435,257

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate73

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate (Mortgage Loan Portfolio Summarized by Geographic Region and Property Type) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	$ 2,490,619	$ 2,449,909	$ 2,457,721
Percent	100.00%	100.00%
Office [Member]
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	$ 308,578	$ 396,154
Percent	12.40%	16.20%
Medical Office [Member]
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	$ 50,780	$ 77,438
Percent	2.10%	3.20%
Retail [Member]
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	$ 886,942	$ 790,158
Percent	35.60%	32.20%
Industrial/Warehouse [Member]
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	$ 700,644	$ 686,400
Percent	28.10%	28.00%
Hotel [Member]
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	$ 0	$ 3,361
Percent	0.00%	0.10%
Apartment [Member]
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	$ 375,837	$ 352,971
Percent	15.10%	14.40%
Mixed Use/Other [Member]
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	$ 167,838	$ 143,427
Percent	6.70%	5.90%
East [Member]
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	$ 635,434	$ 698,113
Percent	25.50%	28.50%
Middle Atlantic [Member]
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	$ 151,640	$ 160,261
Percent	6.10%	6.60%
Mountain [Member]
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	$ 235,932	$ 252,442
Percent	9.50%	10.30%
New England [Member]
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	$ 12,724	$ 13,161
Percent	0.50%	0.50%
Pacific [Member]
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	$ 385,683	$ 355,268
Percent	15.50%	14.50%
South Atlantic [Member]
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	$ 519,065	$ 456,227
Percent	20.80%	18.60%
West North Central [Member]
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	$ 325,447	$ 313,120
Percent	13.10%	12.80%
West South Central [Member]
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	$ 224,694	$ 201,317
Percent	9.00%	8.20%

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate74

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate (Rollforward of Allowance for Loan Losses) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Specific Allowance [Member]
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning allowance balance	$ (7,842)	$ (12,333)	$ (16,847)
Charge-offs	5,078	2,045	9,211
Recoveries	5,483	5,428	255
Change in provision for credit losses	(4,046)	(2,982)	(4,952)
Ending allowance balance	(1,327)	(7,842)	(12,333)
General Allowance [Member]
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning allowance balance	(6,300)	(10,300)	(9,200)
Charge-offs	0	0	0
Recoveries	0	0	0
Change in provision for credit losses	(800)	4,000	(1,100)
Ending allowance balance	$ (7,100)	$ (6,300)	$ (10,300)

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate75

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate (Impaired Mortgage Loans on Real Estate By Basis of Impairment) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Abstract]
Individually evaluated for impairment	$ 4,640	$ 21,277	$ 29,116
Collectively evaluated for impairment	2,485,979	2,428,632	2,428,605
Principal outstanding	$ 2,490,619	$ 2,449,909	$ 2,457,721

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate76

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate (Real Estate Owned) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Abstract]
Real estate owned at beginning of period	$ 6,485	$ 20,238	$ 22,844
Real estate acquired in satisfaction of mortgage loans	0	0	14,555
Additions	0	121	0
Sales	(6,444)	(12,322)	(14,134)
Impairments	0	(1,297)	(2,441)
Depreciation	(41)	(255)	(586)
Real estate owned at end of period	$ 0	$ 6,485	$ 20,238

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate77

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate (Mortgage Loans by Credit Quality Indicator) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Abstract]
Performing	$ 2,489,028	$ 2,438,341
In workout	1,591	11,568
Delinquent	0	0
Collateral dependent	0	0
Principal outstanding	$ 2,490,619	$ 2,449,909	$ 2,457,721

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate78

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate (Aging of Financing Receivables) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Commercial mortgage loans, past due	$ 2,737	$ 0
Commercial mortgage loans, current	2,487,882	2,449,909
Commercial mortgage loans, collateral dependent receivables	0	0
Principal outstanding	2,490,619	2,449,909	$ 2,457,721
30 to 59 Days Past Due [Member]
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Commercial mortgage loans, past due	2,737	0
60 to 89 Days Past Due [Member]
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Commercial mortgage loans, past due	0	0
90 Days and Over Past Due [Member]
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Commercial mortgage loans, past due	$ 0	$ 0

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate79

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate (Impaired Financing Receivables) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Financing Receivable, Impaired [Line Items]
Mortgage loans with an allowance, recorded investment	$ 3,313	$ 13,435
Mortgage loans with no related allowance, recorded investment	1,591	8,859
Impaired mortgage loans, recorded investment	4,904	22,294
Mortgage loans with an allowance, unpaid principal balance	4,640	21,277
Mortgage loans with no related allowance, unpaid principal balance	1,591	8,859
Impaired mortgage loans, unpaid principal balance	6,231	30,136
Mortgage loans with an allowance, related allowance	(1,327)	(7,842)
Mortgage loans with an allowance, average recorded investment	3,398	13,893	$ 18,465
Mortgage loans with no related allowance, average recorded investment	1,665	8,930	2,656
Impaired mortgage loans, average recorded investment	5,063	22,823	21,121
Mortgage loans with an allowance, interest income recognized	301	1,117	1,797
Mortgage loans with no related allowance, interest income recognized	73	584	43
Impaired mortgage loans, interest income recognized	$ 374	$ 1,701	$ 1,840

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate80

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate (Troubled Debt Restructurings) (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)loans	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)loans
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Number of TDRs | loans	2	9
Principal balance outstanding	$ 5,024	$ 20,374
Specific loan loss allowance	(467)	(3,459)
Net carrying amount	$ 4,557	$ 16,915
South Atlantic [Member]
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Number of TDRs | loans	1	6
Principal balance outstanding	$ 3,004	$ 11,155
Specific loan loss allowance	0	(2,992)
Net carrying amount	$ 3,004	$ 8,163
East North Central [Member]
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Number of TDRs | loans	1	2
Principal balance outstanding	$ 2,020	$ 3,306
Specific loan loss allowance	(467)	(467)
Net carrying amount	$ 1,553	$ 2,839
West North Central [Member]
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Number of TDRs | loans		1
Principal balance outstanding		$ 5,913
Specific loan loss allowance		0
Net carrying amount		$ 5,913

Derivative Instruments (Narrati

Derivative Instruments (Narrative) (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Sep. 15, 2015USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2010USD ($)counterparties$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2016USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2016USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2016USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)shares	Sep. 30, 2015USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2015USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2015USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)shares	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2014USD ($)partial_unwind_agreement	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)shares
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivative collateral			$ 827,800				$ 349,800				$ 827,800	$ 349,800		$ 827,800
Credit risk, maximum exposure											55,500	36,900
Number of partial unwind agreements | partial_unwind_agreement													5
Net cash received from counterparties for settlement of call options and warrants													$ 16,600
Warrants reclassified from equity to a derivative liability, at fair value													(51,257)
Derivative [Line Items]
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives											(543,465)	464,698	(32,321)
Net income			120,796	$ (7,420)	$ 14,708	$ (44,841)	$ 33,776	$ 97,306	$ 82,845	$ 5,903	$ 83,243	$ 219,830	126,023
Shares of common stock issued to settle warrants that have reached their expiration | shares											92,998	47,868		140,866
2015 Notes Hedges [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Number of counterparties | counterparties		2
Conversion spread, shares of common stock | shares		16,000,000
Derivative asset, strike price | $ / shares		$ 12.50
Derivative asset, cash received to settle	$ 25,800
2015 Notes Embedded Conversion Derivative [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives											$ 0	$ 4,516	19,036
Derivative liability, cash paid to settle conversion premium	$ 25,800
2015 Warrants [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants | shares		16,000,000					1,600,000					1,600,000
Warrants, exercise price | $ / shares		$ 16										$ 15.59
Proceeds from issuance of warrants		$ 15,600
September 2015 Notes [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount		$ 200,000
Interest rate		3.50%
SunTrust [Member] | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Collateral on deposit			$ 700								$ 700			$ 700
SunTrust [Member] | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative, term of contract											7 years
SunTrust [Member] | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Interest Rate Caps [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative, term of contract											7 years
SunTrust [Member] | Three Month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Cap rate			2.50%								2.50%			2.50%
Change in Assumptions for Fair Value [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives													(62,600)
Net income													$ 14,800
Call Options [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Investment maturity period											1 year

Derivative Instruments (Fair Va

Derivative Instruments (Fair Value of Derivative Instruments as Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets	$ 830,519	$ 337,256
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets	831,601	338,666
Derivative liabilities	6,565,401	5,986,761
Call Options [Member] | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets	830,519	337,256
Interest Rate Caps [Member] | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets	1,082	1,410
Fixed Index Annuities - Embedded Derivatives [Member] | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative liabilities	6,563,288	5,983,622
Interest Rate Swap [Member] | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative liabilities	$ 2,113	$ 3,139

Derivative Instruments (Change

Derivative Instruments (Change in Fair Value of Derivative Instruments) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Change in fair value of derivatives	$ 164,219	$ (336,146)	$ 504,825
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives	543,465	(464,698)	32,321
Call Options [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Change in fair value of derivatives	165,029	(327,921)	521,947
2015 Notes Hedges [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Change in fair value of derivatives	0	(4,516)	(8,934)
Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Change in fair value of derivatives	(482)	(2,341)	(4,863)
Interest Rate Caps [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Change in fair value of derivatives	(328)	(1,368)	(3,325)
Fixed Index Annuities - Embedded Derivatives [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives	145,045	(825,668)	(532,337)
Other Changes in Difference Between Policy Benefit Reserves Computed Using Derivative Accounting Vs. Long-Duration Contracts Accounting [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives	398,420	365,486	579,885
2015 Notes Embedded Conversion Derivative [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives	0	(4,516)	(19,036)
2029 Notes Embedded Conversion Derivative [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives	$ 0	$ 0	$ 3,809

Derivative Instruments (Schedul

Derivative Instruments (Schedule of Call Options by Counterparty) (Details) - Call Options [Member] - Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	$ 31,048,082	$ 29,277,569
Fair value	830,519	337,256
Bank of America [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	5,958,884	6,257,861
Fair value	178,477	67,662
Barclays [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	3,441,832	2,463,768
Fair value	89,721	35,273
BNP Paribas [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	1,199,265	1,520,710
Fair value	19,598	16,944
Citibank, N.A. [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	4,038,528	3,786,498
Fair value	97,094	23,587
Credit Suisse [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	2,130,710	1,278,492
Fair value	44,242	12,508
Deutsche Bank [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	25,935	1,349,002
Fair value	892	10,704
J.P. Morgan [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	1,785,583	838,982
Fair value	19,645	5,283
Morgan Stanley [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	2,543,421	3,465,457
Fair value	64,425	33,171
Royal Bank of Canada [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	3,384,310	2,820,410
Fair value	103,510	48,654
SunTrust [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	2,375,418	1,308,434
Fair value	72,990	20,028
Wells Fargo [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	3,850,842	4,187,955
Fair value	130,545	63,442
Exchange Traded [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	313,354	0
Fair value	$ 9,380	$ 0

Derivative Instruments (Interes

Derivative Instruments (Interest Rate Swaps) (Details) - Interest Rate Swaps, Maturity Date, March 15, 2021, 2.415% [Member] - Interest Rate Swap [Member] - SunTrust [Member] - Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	$ 85,500
Pay rate	2.415%
Derivative liabilities	$ (2,113)	$ (3,139)

Derivative Instruments (Inter86

Derivative Instruments (Interest Rate Caps) (Details) - Interest Rate Caps [Member] - SunTrust [Member] - Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	$ 79,000
Derivative assets	1,082	$ 1,410
Interest Rate Caps, Maturity Date, July 7, 2021, 2.50% [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	$ 40,000
Cap rate	2.50%
Derivative assets	$ 542	708
Interest Rate Caps, Maturity Date, July 8, 2021, 2.50% [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	$ 12,000
Cap rate	2.50%
Derivative assets	$ 163	212
Interest Rate Caps, Maturity Date, July 29, 2021, 2.50% [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	$ 27,000
Cap rate	2.50%
Derivative assets	$ 377	$ 490

Deferred Policy Acquisition C87

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducements (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Insurance [Abstract]
Deferred policy acquisition costs, increase (decrease) in amortization due to unlocking adjustment	$ 48.2	$ (11)	$ (35.5)
Deferred sales inducements, increase (decrease) in amortization due to unlocking adjustment	$ 35.8	$ (5.6)	$ (12.6)

Deferred Policy Acquisition C88

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducements (Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of year	$ 2,905,136	$ 2,058,556	$ 2,426,652
Costs deferred during the year: commissions	538,863	651,094	421,802
Costs deferred during the year: policy issue costs	4,462	6,545	5,080
Amortization	(374,012)	(286,114)	(163,578)
Effect of net unrealized gains/losses	(169,072)	475,055	(631,400)
Balance at end of year	$ 2,905,377	$ 2,905,136	$ 2,058,556

Deferred Policy Acquisition C89

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducements (Deferred Sales Inducements) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Movement in Deferred Sales Inducements [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of year	$ 2,232,148	$ 1,587,257	$ 1,875,880
Costs deferred during the year	353,966	486,924	330,079
Amortization	(251,166)	(209,390)	(131,419)
Effect of net unrealized gains/losses	(126,730)	367,357	(487,283)
Balance at end of year	$ 2,208,218	$ 2,232,148	$ 1,587,257

Reinsurance and Policy Provis90

Reinsurance and Policy Provisions (Equitrust Coinsurance Agreements) (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)coinsurance_agreement	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)
Ceded Credit Risk [Line Items]
Coinsurance deposits	$ 4,639,492	$ 3,187,470
Equitrust Coinsurance Agreements, All Periods [Member]
Ceded Credit Risk [Line Items]
Number of coinsurance agreements | coinsurance_agreement	2
Coinsurance deposits	$ 700,000	800,000
Reinsurance payable	$ 9,700	$ 2,500
Equitrust Coinsurance Agreement, August 1, 2001 to December 31, 2001 [Member]
Ceded Credit Risk [Line Items]
Coninsurance percentage on certain annuities	70.00%
Equitrust Coinsurance Agreement, January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2003 [Member]
Ceded Credit Risk [Line Items]
Coninsurance percentage on certain annuities	40.00%
Equitrust Coinsurance Agreement, January 1, 2004 to July 31, 2004 [Member]
Ceded Credit Risk [Line Items]
Coninsurance percentage on certain annuities	20.00%

Reinsurance and Policy Provis91

Reinsurance and Policy Provisions (Athene Coinsurance Agreements) (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)coinsurance_agreement	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)
Ceded Credit Risk [Line Items]
Coinsurance deposits	$ 4,639,492	$ 3,187,470
Athene Coinsurance Agreements, All Periods [Member]
Ceded Credit Risk [Line Items]
Number of coinsurance agreements | coinsurance_agreement	3
Coinsurance deposits	$ 3,900,000	2,400,000
Reinsurance payable	$ 45,800	$ 12,700
Fixed Index Annuities [Member] | American Equity Life [Member] | Athene, 1st Coinsurance Agreement, January 1, 2009 to March 31, 2010 [Member]
Ceded Credit Risk [Line Items]
Coninsurance percentage on certain annuities	20.00%
Years until eligibility for recapture	7 years
Fixed Index Annuities [Member] | American Equity Life [Member] | Athene, 3rd Coinsurance Agreement, August 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016 [Member]
Ceded Credit Risk [Line Items]
Coninsurance percentage on certain annuities	80.00%
Fixed Index Annuities [Member] | Eagle Life [Member] | Athene, 3rd Coinsurance Agreement, January 1, 2014 Going Forward [Member]
Ceded Credit Risk [Line Items]
Coninsurance percentage on certain annuities	80.00%
Fixed Index Annuities [Member] | Eagle Life [Member] | Athene, 3rd Coinsurance Agreement, January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018 [Member]
Ceded Credit Risk [Line Items]
Coninsurance percentage on certain annuities	50.00%
Fixed Index Annuities [Member] | Eagle Life [Member] | Athene, 3rd Coinsurance Agreement, January 1, 2019 Going Forward [Member]
Ceded Credit Risk [Line Items]
Coninsurance percentage on certain annuities	20.00%
Multi-Year Rate Guaranteed Annuities [Member] | American Equity Life [Member] | Athene, 2nd Coinsurance Agreement, July 1, 2009 to December 31, 2013 [Member]
Ceded Credit Risk [Line Items]
Coninsurance percentage on certain annuities	80.00%
Multi-Year Rate Guaranteed Annuities [Member] | American Equity Life [Member] | Athene, 3rd Coinsurance Agreement, January 1, 2014 Going Forward [Member]
Ceded Credit Risk [Line Items]
Coninsurance percentage on certain annuities	80.00%
Multi-Year Rate Guaranteed Annuities [Member] | Eagle Life [Member] | Athene, 2nd Coinsurance Agreement, November 20, 2013 to December 31, 2013 [Member]
Ceded Credit Risk [Line Items]
Coninsurance percentage on certain annuities	80.00%
Multi-Year Rate Guaranteed Annuities [Member] | Eagle Life [Member] | Athene, 3rd Coinsurance Agreement, January 1, 2014 Going Forward [Member]
Ceded Credit Risk [Line Items]
Coninsurance percentage on certain annuities	80.00%

Reinsurance and Policy Provis92

Reinsurance and Policy Provisions (Amounts Ceded to Equitrust and Athene, Impact on Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Effects of Reinsurance [Line Items]
Annuity product charges									$ 173,579	$ 136,168	$ 118,990
Change in fair value of derivatives	$ 95,391	$ 103,794	$ 39,099	$ (74,065)	$ 69,338	$ (351,360)	$ (23,024)	$ (31,100)	164,219	(336,146)	504,825
Interest sensitive and index product benefits									725,472	968,053	1,473,700
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives									543,465	(464,698)	32,321
Other operating costs and expenses									102,231	96,218	81,584
Coinsurance deposits									(1,317,555)	(80,777)	109,184
Coinsurance Agreements, EquiTrust and Athene [Member]
Effects of Reinsurance [Line Items]
Annuity product charges									5,366	5,427	5,956
Change in fair value of derivatives									18,446	(14,360)	31,076
Coinsurance, revenues included in consolidated statement of operations									23,812	(8,933)	37,032
Interest sensitive and index product benefits									93,487	88,923	122,666
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives									23,848	(22,616)	35,820
Other operating costs and expenses									24,039	9,922	9,241
Coinsurance, benefits and expenses included in the consolidated statement of operations									141,374	76,229	167,727
Annuity deposits									(1,736,054)	(471,822)	(171,124)
Cash payments to policyholders									418,499	391,045	280,308
Coinsurance deposits									$ (1,317,555)	$ (80,777)	$ 109,184

Reinsurance and Policy Provis93

Reinsurance and Policy Provisions (Hannover Financing Arrangements) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
2013 Hannover Reinsurance Agreement [Member]
Ceded Credit Risk [Line Items]
Waived surrender charges on penalty free withdrawals and deaths on certain business, percentage	45.60%
Reserve credit	$ 638.1	$ 480.7
Risk charges	$ 27.7	21
2011 Hannover Reinsurance Agreement [Member]
Ceded Credit Risk [Line Items]
Risk charge rate	1.25%
Risk charges		0.3	$ 0.8
Net pretax statutory surplus benefit	$ 49.2
Reduction in pretax statutory surplus, current period		$ 10.3	$ 10.8

Income Taxes (Narrative) (Detai

Income Taxes (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Statutory federal income tax rate	35.00%
Deferred tax assets, valuation allowance	$ 0	$ 0
Non-Life Subsidiaries [Member] | Internal Revenue Service (IRS) [Member]
Non-life net operating loss carryforwards	0
Deferred Tax Asset, Valuation Allowance, Unrealized Losses on Available For Sale Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Deferred tax assets, valuation allowance	$ 0

Income Taxes (Components of Inc

Income Taxes (Components of Income Tax Expense) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Consolidated statements of operations:
Current income taxes	$ 57,412	$ 75,568	$ 116,545
Deferred income taxes (benefits)	(10,408)	41,916	(46,504)
Total income tax expense included in consolidated statements of operations	47,004	117,484	70,041
Stockholders' equity:
Expense (benefit) relating to: change in net unrealized investment losses	74,471	(279,860)	363,572
Expense (benefit) relating to: share-based compensation	(527)	(3,649)	(5,716)
Expense (benefit) relating to: extinguishment of convertible debt	0	0	(9,284)
Total income tax expense (benefit) included in consolidated financial statements	$ 120,948	$ (166,025)	$ 418,613

Income Taxes (Effective Income

Income Taxes (Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income before income taxes	$ 130,247	$ 337,314	$ 196,064
Income tax expense on income before income taxes	45,586	118,060	68,622
Tax effect of: state income taxes	2,559	2,924	1,145
Tax effect of: tax exempt net investment income	(2,167)	(3,834)	(3,669)
Tax effect of: extinguishment of convertible debt	0	0	4,202
Tax effect of: other	1,026	334	(259)
Total income tax expense included in consolidated statements of operations	$ 47,004	$ 117,484	$ 70,041
Effective tax rate	36.10%	34.80%	35.70%

Income Taxes (Deferred Tax Asse

Income Taxes (Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Deferred income tax assets:
Policy benefit reserves	$ 2,354,786	$ 2,092,731
Other than temporary impairments	15,681	7,801
Derivative instruments	0	91,638
Amounts due reinsurer	1,321	0
Other policyholder funds	6,474	6,861
Litigation settlement accrual	1,709	7,100
Deferred compensation	7,963	8,346
Share-based compensation	5,407	5,286
Net operating loss carryforwards	3,745	6,637
Other	9,658	8,031
Gross deferred tax assets	2,406,744	2,234,431
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements	(1,951,333)	(1,860,722)
Net unrealized gains on available for sale fixed maturity and equity securities	(170,925)	(96,454)
Derivative instruments	(75,405)	0
Amounts due reinsurer	0	(9,677)
Investment income items	(39,118)	(32,466)
Other	(1,385)	(2,429)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(2,238,166)	(2,001,748)
Net deferred income tax asset	$ 168,578	$ 232,683

Notes and Loan Payable and Am98

Notes and Loan Payable and Amounts Due Under Repurchase Agreements (Schedule of Notes and Loan Payable) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Jul. 17, 2013
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Notes and loan payable	$ 493,755		$ 393,227
July 2021 Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount	400,000		400,000	$ 400,000
Unamortized debt issue costs	(5,733)		(6,773)
Term Loan [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount	100,000	$ 100,000	0
Unamortized debt issue costs	$ (512)		$ 0

Notes and Loan Payable and Am99

Notes and Loan Payable and Amounts Due Under Repurchase Agreements (2021 Notes Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Jul. 17, 2013
2011 Line of Credit [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayments of line of credit	$ 15,000
July 2021 Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount		$ 400,000	$ 400,000	$ 400,000
Interest rate		6.625%
Deferred financing costs		$ 9,000

Notes and Loan Payable and A100

Notes and Loan Payable and Amounts Due Under Repurchase Agreements (2015 Notes, 2015 Notes Hedges and 2015 Warrants Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 15, 2015	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Sep. 30, 2010
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense on convertible notes		$ 28,248	$ 28,849	$ 36,370
Convertible Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense on convertible notes			$ 1,400	9,000
2015 Notes Embedded Conversion Derivative [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Derivative, liability, fair value at issuance					$ 37,000
Derivative liability, cash paid to settle conversion premium	$ 25,800
September 2015 Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount					$ 200,000
Interest rate					3.50%
Deferred financing costs					$ 6,800
Extinguishment of debt, cash paid	48,200
Extinguishment of debt, amount	$ 22,400
Interest rate, effective percentage			8.90%
September 2015 Notes [Member] | Private Exchange Offers [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Extinguishment of debt, cash paid				82,900
Extinguishment of debt, amount				69,600
Extinguishment of debt, cash paid for shares of common stock				$ 48,200
Extinguishment of debt, shares issued				2,115,055
Extinguishment of debt, carrying value at extinguishment				$ 66,000
Extinguishment of debt, gain (loss), net of tax				$ (4,800)

Notes and Loan Payable and A101

Notes and Loan Payable and Amounts Due Under Repurchase Agreements (2029 Notes Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2009
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives	$ (543,465)	$ 464,698	$ (32,321)
Interest expense on convertible notes	28,248	28,849	36,370
2029 Notes Embedded Conversion Derivative [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives	$ 0	0	(3,809)
Convertible Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense on convertible notes		$ 1,400	9,000
Mandatory Redemption [Member] | 2029 Notes Embedded Conversion Derivative [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives			(3,800)
December 2029 Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount				$ 115,800
Adjustments to additional paid in capital, equity component of convertible debt				15,600
Deferred income tax liability, equity component of convertible debt				$ 11,000
Interest rate				5.25%
Interest rate, effective percentage		11.90%
December 2029 Notes [Member] | Private Exchange Offers [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Extinguishment of debt, amount			36,200
Extinguishment of debt, cash paid			66,700
Extinguishment of debt, cash paid for shares of common stock			$ 23,200
Extinguishment of debt, shares issued			946,793
Extinguishment of debt, carrying value at extinguishment			$ 34,600
Extinguishment of debt, gain (loss), net of tax			(2,500)
December 2029 Notes [Member] | Mandatory Redemption [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Extinguishment of debt, amount			32,100
Extinguishment of debt, cash paid			69,400
Extinguishment of debt, cash paid for shares of common stock			$ 24,600
Extinguishment of debt, shares issued			897,548
Equity reclassified to an embedded derivative liability			$ 58,100

Notes and Loan Payable and A102

Notes and Loan Payable and Amounts Due Under Repurchase Agreements (Line of Credit and Term Loan Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)guarantorbanksoccasions	Sep. 30, 2016USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)
2016 Line of Credit [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 150,000
Line of credit, unused capacity, commitment fee percentage	0.275%
Line of credit, number of occasions borrowing capacity can be increased | occasions	3
Line of credit, additional borrowing capacity, aggregate amount	$ 50,000
Line of credit, duration of maturity date extension available, years	1 year
Line of credit, amount outstanding	$ 0
2013 Line of Credit [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit agreement, number of banks in the agreement | banks	5
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 140,000
Term Loan [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan	$ 100,000	$ 100,000	$ 0
Interest rate, effective percentage	2.625%
September 30, 2016 Credit Agreement [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit agreement, number of banks in the agreement | banks	6
Credit agreement, interest rate, floating, applicable margin	0.75%
Credit agreement, interest rate, floating, adjusted LIBOR	1.75%
Minimum risk-based capital ratio	275.00%
Maximum debt to capital ratio	0.35
Minimum capital to be retained	80.00%
Minimum portion of net income to be retained	50.00%
Minimum capital contributions to be retained	50.00%
Credit agreement, number of guarantors | guarantor	0
Cash in excess of amount required by covenants	$ 575,600

Notes and Loan Payable and A103

Notes and Loan Payable and Amounts Due Under Repurchase Agreements (Repurchase Agreements Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Repurchase agreement, maximum amount borrowed	$ 113	$ 40.6	$ 138.7
Repurchase agreement, average borrowings	$ 4.5	$ 0.5	$ 9.2
Repurchase agreement, weighted average interest rate	0.66%	0.39%	0.19%

Subordinated Debentures (Narrat

Subordinated Debentures (Narrative) (Details) - American Equity Capital Trust II [Member] $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount	$ 100
Subordinated debentures, fair value at issuance	$ 74.7
Interest rate, effective percentage	6.80%
Ownership percentage, Iowa Farm Bureau Federation	50.00%

Subordinated Debentures (Summar

Subordinated Debentures (Summary of Subordinated Debt Obligations to the Trusts) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
American Equity Capital Trust II [Member]
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Interest rate		5.00%
Subordinated borrowing, due date		Jun. 1, 2047
American Equity Capital Trust III [Member]
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Description of variable rate basis	[1]	*LIBOR +
Basis spread on variable rate		3.90%
Subordinated borrowing, due date		Apr. 29, 2034
American Equity Capital Trust IV [Member]
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Description of variable rate basis	[1]	*LIBOR +
Basis spread on variable rate		4.00%
Subordinated borrowing, due date		Jan. 8, 2034
American Equity Capital Trust VII [Member]
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Description of variable rate basis	[1]	*LIBOR +
Basis spread on variable rate		3.75%
Subordinated borrowing, due date		Dec. 14, 2034
American Equity Capital Trust VIII [Member]
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Description of variable rate basis	[1]	*LIBOR +
Basis spread on variable rate		3.75%
Subordinated borrowing, due date		Dec. 15, 2034
American Equity Capital Trust IX [Member]
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Description of variable rate basis	[1]	*LIBOR +
Basis spread on variable rate		3.65%
Subordinated borrowing, due date		Jun. 15, 2035
American Equity Capital Trust X [Member]
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Description of variable rate basis	[1]	*LIBOR +
Basis spread on variable rate		3.65%
Subordinated borrowing, due date		Sep. 15, 2035
American Equity Capital Trust XI [Member]
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Description of variable rate basis	[1]	*LIBOR +
Basis spread on variable rate		3.65%
Subordinated borrowing, due date		Dec. 15, 2035
American Equity Capital Trust XII [Member]
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Description of variable rate basis	[1]	*LIBOR +
Basis spread on variable rate		3.50%
Subordinated borrowing, due date		Apr. 7, 2036
Subordinated Debentures [Member]
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Subordinated debentures, gross		$ 246,671	$ 246,450
Unamortized debt issue costs		(4,818)	(4,998)
Subordinated debentures		241,853	241,452
Subordinated Debentures [Member] | American Equity Capital Trust II [Member]
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Subordinated debentures, gross		77,061	76,840
Subordinated Debentures [Member] | American Equity Capital Trust III [Member]
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Subordinated debentures, gross		27,840	27,840
Subordinated Debentures [Member] | American Equity Capital Trust IV [Member]
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Subordinated debentures, gross		12,372	12,372
Subordinated Debentures [Member] | American Equity Capital Trust VII [Member]
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Subordinated debentures, gross		10,830	10,830
Subordinated Debentures [Member] | American Equity Capital Trust VIII [Member]
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Subordinated debentures, gross		20,620	20,620
Subordinated Debentures [Member] | American Equity Capital Trust IX [Member]
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Subordinated debentures, gross		15,470	15,470
Subordinated Debentures [Member] | American Equity Capital Trust X [Member]
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Subordinated debentures, gross		20,620	20,620
Subordinated Debentures [Member] | American Equity Capital Trust XI [Member]
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Subordinated debentures, gross		20,620	20,620
Subordinated Debentures [Member] | American Equity Capital Trust XII [Member]
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Subordinated debentures, gross		$ 41,238	$ 41,238
[1]	three month London Interbank Offered Rate

Retirement and Share-based C106

Retirement and Share-based Compensation Plans (Defined Contribution Plan) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Defined contribution plan, maximum annual employee contribution	$ 18,000	$ 18,000	$ 17,500
Defined contribution plan, employer plan contributions	$ 1,300,000	$ 400,000	$ 400,000

Retirement and Share-based C107

Retirement and Share-based Compensation Plans (Share-based Compensation Expense By Plan) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
ESOP, compensation expense	$ 2,522	$ 2,604	$ 2,486
Compensation expense	4,414	5,128	4,581
Employee Incentive Plans [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Compensation expense	1,207	1,911	1,306
Director Equity And Incentive Plan And Stock Option Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Compensation expense	$ 685	$ 613	$ 789

Retirement and Share-based C108

Retirement and Share-based Compensation Plans (Employee Stock Ownership Plan) (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
ESOP, requisite service period	6 months
ESOP, vesting percentage	100.00%
ESOP, vesting period	2 years

Retirement and Share-based C109

Retirement and Share-based Compensation Plans (Incentive Plans) (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
2016 Employee Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized	2,500,000
Number of shares available for future grant	2,226,256
2009 Employee Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized	2,500,000
Duration of award	10 years
Award vesting period	3 years
2009 Employee Incentive Plan [Member] | March 2010 Option Grant [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Duration of award	6 years
Employee Incentive Plans [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	3 years
Shares issued in period	43,373	25,784	18,239
Participant age for full vesting	65 years
Requisite service period for full vesting	10 years
Employee Incentive Plans [Member] | 2016 Replacement Award Grant [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares issued in period	21,806
Employee Incentive Plans [Member] | Restricted Stock Units [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	3 years
Equity instruments granted	208,565	60,947	54,718
Duration used to measure performance and threshold goals	3 years
Employee Incentive Plans [Member] | Restricted Stock Units [Member] | Threshold Goals, Vesting Percentage [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting rights, percentage	50.00%
Employee Incentive Plans [Member] | Restricted Stock Units [Member] | Target Performance Goals, Vesting Percentage [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting rights, percentage	100.00%
Employee Incentive Plans [Member] | Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares issued in period	43,373	23,062	14,869
2013 Director Equity And Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized	250,000
Number of shares available for future grant	116,500
Award vesting period	1 year
2013 Director Equity And Incentive Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares issued in period	47,500	22,000	24,000

Retirement and Share-based C110

Retirement and Share-based Compensation Plans (Stock Option Plans) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options outstanding, intrinsic value	$ 21.3
Options vested and expected to vest, intrinsic value	21.3
Proceeds from stock options exercised	5	$ 8.1	$ 13.7
Tax benefit from stock options exercised	$ 0	0	1
Stock Option Plans, 1996 Stock Option Plan, 2000 Employee Stock Option Plan, 2000 Directors Stock Option Plan, 2011 Directors Stock Option Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized	3,475,000
Duration of award	10 years
Stock Option Plans, 1996 Stock Option Plan, 2000 Employee Stock Option Plan, 2000 Directors Stock Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	6 months
Stock Option Plans, 2011 Director Stock Option Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	3 years
Number of shares available for future grant	18,000
Stock Option Plans, Independent Insurance Agent Stock Option Plans [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized	8,000,000
Stock Option Plans, All Stock Option Plans For Officers, Directors And Employees [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options exercised in period, total intrinsic value	$ 4	$ 1.4	$ 5.4

Retirement and Share-based C111

Retirement and Share-based Compensation Plans (2014 Independent Insurance Agent Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit Plan) (Details) - 2014 Independent Insurance Agent Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit Plan [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized	1,800,000
Restricted Stock Units [Member] | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche One [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting rights, percentage	20.00%
Award vesting period	1 year
Retirement Eligible Agent [Member] | Restricted Stock Units [Member] | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Two [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting rights, percentage	80.00%
Award vesting period	4 years
Non-Retirement Eligible Agent [Member] | Restricted Stock Units [Member] | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Two [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting rights, percentage	80.00%
Non-Retirement Eligible Agent [Member] | Restricted Stock Units [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Two [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	5 years
2016 American Equity Life Agent Grant [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Commission expense	$ 2.6
2016 American Equity Life Agent Grant [Member] | Restricted Stock Units [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity instruments granted	363,624
2015 American Equity Life Agent Grant [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Commission expense	$ 1.7	$ 3.5
2015 American Equity Life Agent Grant [Member] | Restricted Stock Units [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity instruments granted		650,683
Award vested in period	246,532
2014 American Equity Life Agent Grant [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Commission expense	$ 0.6	$ 1.3	$ 1.9
2014 American Equity Life Agent Grant [Member] | Retirement Eligible Agent [Member] | Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity instruments granted			27,985
2014 American Equity Life Agent Grant [Member] | Non-Retirement Eligible Agent [Member] | Restricted Stock Units [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity instruments granted			221,489
Award vested in period	36,609	85,104
2014 American Equity Life Agent Grant [Member] | Non-Retirement Eligible Agent [Member] | Restricted Stock Units [Member] | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche One [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting rights, percentage	20.00%
Award vesting period	1 year
2014 American Equity Life Agent Grant [Member] | Non-Retirement Eligible Agent [Member] | Restricted Stock Units [Member] | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Two [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting rights, percentage	80.00%
2014 American Equity Life Agent Grant [Member] | Non-Retirement Eligible Agent [Member] | Restricted Stock Units [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Two [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	5 years

Retirement and Share-based C112

Retirement and Share-based Compensation Plans (Changes in the Number of Stock Options Outstanding) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Outstanding, number of shares	2,918,946	3,443,991	4,044,175	3,976,725
Outstanding, weighted-average exercise price per share	$ 16.06	$ 15.17	$ 15.02	$ 10.86
Outstanding, total exercise price	$ 46,885	$ 52,240	$ 60,760	$ 43,171
Granted, number of shares	0	0	1,277,650
Granted, weighted-average exercise price per share	$ 0	$ 0	$ 24.79
Granted, total exercise price	$ 0	$ 0	$ 31,673
Canceled, number of shares	(24,700)	(47,300)	(35,400)
Canceled, weighted-average exercise price per share	$ 14.83	$ 10.54	$ 11.64
Canceled, total exercise price	$ (366)	$ (499)	$ (412)
Exercised, number of shares	(500,345)	(552,884)	(1,174,800)
Exercised, weighted-average exercise price per share	$ 9.97	$ 14.51	$ 11.64
Exercised, total exercise price	$ (4,989)	$ (8,021)	$ (13,672)

Retirement and Share-based C113

Retirement and Share-based Compensation Plans (Schedule of Stock Options Outstanding, By Exercise Price Range) (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Stock options outstanding, number of awards	2,918,946	3,443,991	4,044,175	3,976,725
Stock options outstanding, weighted-average exercise price per share	$ 16.06	$ 15.17	$ 15.02	$ 10.86
Exercise Price Range I [Member]
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Exercise price range, lower range limit	5.07
Exercise price range, upper range limit	$ 8.02
Stock options outstanding, number of awards	248,225
Stock options outstanding, remaining life (yrs)	1 year 8 months 27 days
Stock options outstanding, weighted-average exercise price per share	$ 7.16
Stock options vested, number of awards	248,225
Stock options vested, remaining life (yrs)	1 year 8 months 27 days
Stock options vested, weighted-average exercise price per share	$ 7.16
Exercise Price Range II [Member]
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Exercise price range, lower range limit	9.27
Exercise price range, upper range limit	$ 11.35
Stock options outstanding, number of awards	752,150
Stock options outstanding, remaining life (yrs)	2 years 7 months 29 days
Stock options outstanding, weighted-average exercise price per share	$ 10.19
Stock options vested, number of awards	752,150
Stock options vested, remaining life (yrs)	2 years 7 months 29 days
Stock options vested, weighted-average exercise price per share	$ 10.19
Exercise Price Range III [Member]
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Exercise price range, lower range limit	12.04
Exercise price range, upper range limit	$ 24.79
Stock options outstanding, number of awards	1,918,571
Stock options outstanding, remaining life (yrs)	3 years 2 months 28 days
Stock options outstanding, weighted-average exercise price per share	$ 19.52
Stock options vested, number of awards	1,918,571
Stock options vested, remaining life (yrs)	3 years 2 months 28 days
Stock options vested, weighted-average exercise price per share	$ 19.52
Exercise Price Range, All Options [Member]
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Exercise price range, lower range limit	5.07
Exercise price range, upper range limit	$ 24.79
Stock options outstanding, number of awards	2,918,946
Stock options outstanding, remaining life (yrs)	2 years 11 months 20 days
Stock options outstanding, weighted-average exercise price per share	$ 16.06
Stock options vested, number of awards	2,918,946
Stock options vested, remaining life (yrs)	2 years 11 months 20 days
Stock options vested, weighted-average exercise price per share	$ 16.06

Retirement and Share-based C114

Retirement and Share-based Compensation Plans (Deferred Compensation Arrangements) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Deferred Compensation Plans, Certain Officers, Directors and Consultants [Member]
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]
Shares earned and reserved for future issuance	364,000	366,072
Share-based compensation expense		$ 102,000	$ 127,000
Deferred Compensation Plans, Officer Rabbi Trust [Member]
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]
Deferred compensation liability	$ 3,500,000	$ 3,700,000
Shares held	102,932	103,251
Deferred Compensation Plans, NMO Deferred Compensation Plan [Member]
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]
Award vesting period	9 years
Undistributed vested shares	0	223,454
Deferred Compensation Plans, NMO Trust [Member]
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]
Shares held	15,058	230,012
Shares distributed	215,273	313,108	349,568

Statutory Financial Informat115

Statutory Financial Information and Dividend Restrictions (Narrative and Statutory Accounting Practices Tables) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Insurance [Abstract]
American Equity Life, statutory net income	$ 75,035	$ 131,452	$ 340,000
American Equity Life, statutory capital and surplus balance	2,726,664	2,415,419
Total adjusted capital	2,933,193	2,593,472
Company Action Level RBC	$ 857,321	$ 771,293
Ratio of adjusted capital to Company Action Level RBC	342.00%	336.00%
Statutory Accounting Practices, Statutory Amount Available for Dividend Payments [Abstract]
Statutory amount available for dividend payments without regulatory approval	$ 272,700
Dividends paid by insurance subsidiaries	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Commitments and Contingencie116

Commitments and Contingencies (Narrative and Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Rent expense			$ 2,800	$ 2,700	$ 2,700
Aggregate future minimum lease payments due	$ 16,900		16,900
2,017	1,890		1,890
2,018	1,915		1,915
2,019	1,898		1,898
2,020	1,950		1,950
2,021	1,754		1,754
2022 and thereafter	7,464		7,464
Change in estimated litigation liability	(4,100)	$ (6,400)
Legal fees paid	4,100	1,800
Loss contingency reclassified to policy benefit reserves		(1,800)
Loss contingency accrual, decrease due to additional information on claims and based on the terms of the settlement		$ (2,800)
Estimated litigation liability	600		600
Unfunded commitments to limited partnerships	48,400		48,400
Unfunded commitments to secured bank loans	$ 34,300		$ 34,300

Earnings Per Share and Stock117

Earnings Per Share and Stockholders' Equity (Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Line Items]
Net income—numerator for earnings per common share		$ 120,796	$ (7,420)	$ 14,708	$ (44,841)	$ 33,776	$ 97,306	$ 82,845	$ 5,903	$ 83,243	$ 219,830	$ 126,023
Weighted average common shares outstanding (shares)	[1]									84,793,151	78,936,828	74,431,087
Effect of dilutive securities: convertible senior notes (shares)										0	0	2,657,158
Effect of dilutive securities: equity forward sale agreements (shares)										0	67,575	0
Effect of dilutive securities: 2015 warrants (shares)										15,136	759,723	1,559,646
Denominator for earnings per common share - assuming dilution (shares)										85,605,169	80,960,568	79,893,600
Earnings per common share		$ 1.37	$ (0.09)	$ 0.18	$ (0.55)	$ 0.41	$ 1.22	$ 1.07	$ 0.08	$ 0.98	$ 2.78	$ 1.69
Earnings per common share - assuming dilution		$ 1.35	$ (0.09)	$ 0.18	$ (0.55)	$ 0.40	$ 1.19	$ 1.05	$ 0.07	$ 0.97	$ 2.72	$ 1.58
Stock Options And Deferred Compensation Agreements [Member]
Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Line Items]
Effect of dilutive securities: share-based payment agreements (shares)										456,236	1,040,922	1,178,783
Restricted Stock And Restricted Stock Units [Member]
Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Line Items]
Effect of dilutive securities: share-based payment agreements (shares)										340,646	155,520	66,926
[1]	Weighted average common shares outstanding include shares vested under the NMO Deferred Compensation Plan and exclude unallocated shares held by the ESOP.

Earnings Per Share and Stock118

Earnings Per Share and Stockholders' Equity (Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share) (Details) - Stock Options [Member] - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Number of shares	1,054,091	1,061,541	1,215,450
Minimum [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Range of exercise prices	$ 24.79	$ 24.79	$ 24.79
Maximum [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Range of exercise prices	$ 24.79	$ 24.79	$ 24.79

Earnings Per Share and Stock119

Earnings Per Share and Stockholders' Equity (Stockholders' Equity Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Aug. 01, 2016	Aug. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Public offering related to equity forward transaction, shares		8,600,000
Forward rate per share		$ 25.25
Shares subject to forward sale agreement		4,300,000
Optional shares available to underwriters		1,290,000
Stock issued during period, shares	5,590,000
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	$ 134,700		$ 139,654	$ 112,481	$ 13,681

Quarterly Financial Informat120

Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) (Schedule of Quarterly Financial Information) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Premiums and product charges	$ 60,508	$ 60,406	$ 52,582	$ 43,850	$ 47,781	$ 46,310	$ 42,446	$ 35,679
Net investment income	475,633	463,583	459,830	450,826	438,262	436,085	418,176	399,669	$ 1,849,872	$ 1,692,192	$ 1,531,667
Change in fair value of derivatives	95,391	103,794	39,099	(74,065)	69,338	(351,360)	(23,024)	(31,100)	164,219	(336,146)	504,825
Net realized gains (losses) on investments, excluding other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses	844	5,256	2,737	2,687	(151)	1,159	4,324	4,879	11,524	10,211	(4,003)
Net OTTI losses recognized in operations	(9,560)	(2,979)	(4,446)	(5,694)	(13,347)	(5,229)	(828)	(132)	(22,679)	(19,536)	(2,627)
Total revenues	622,816	630,060	549,802	417,604	541,883	126,965	441,094	408,995	2,220,282	1,518,937	2,168,973
Net income	$ 120,796	$ (7,420)	$ 14,708	$ (44,841)	$ 33,776	$ 97,306	$ 82,845	$ 5,903	$ 83,243	$ 219,830	$ 126,023
Earnings (loss) per common share	$ 1.37	$ (0.09)	$ 0.18	$ (0.55)	$ 0.41	$ 1.22	$ 1.07	$ 0.08	$ 0.98	$ 2.78	$ 1.69
Earnings (loss) per common share—assuming dilution	$ 1.35	$ (0.09)	$ 0.18	$ (0.55)	$ 0.40	$ 1.19	$ 1.05	$ 0.07	$ 0.97	$ 2.72	$ 1.58

Quarterly Financial Informat121

Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) (Comparability of Net Income, Impact of Fair Value Accounting to Fixed Index Annuity Business) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Fixed index annuity derivatives, fair value accounting impact on comparability of net income (loss)	$ (66,618)	$ 6,054	$ 34,215	$ 62,822	$ 11,091	$ (53,716)	$ (28,596)	$ 42,849

Schedule I - Summary of Inve122

Schedule I - Summary of Investments - Other Than Investments in Related Parties (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)
Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties, Reportable Data [Line Items]
Amortized cost	$ 43,133,761	[1]
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	44,757,568
Fixed Maturity Securities [Member]
Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties, Reportable Data [Line Items]
Amortized cost	40,030,780	[1]
Fair value	41,129,260
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	41,137,319
Fixed Maturity Securities [Member] | Available For Sale [Member]
Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties, Reportable Data [Line Items]
Amortized cost	39,953,955	[1]
Fair value	41,060,494
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	41,060,494
United States Government Full Faith and Credit [Member] | Available For Sale [Member]
Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties, Reportable Data [Line Items]
Amortized cost	11,864	[1]
Fair value	11,805
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	11,805
United States Government Sponsored Agencies [Member] | Available For Sale [Member]
Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties, Reportable Data [Line Items]
Amortized cost	1,368,340	[1]
Fair value	1,344,787
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	1,344,787
United States Municipalities, States and Territories [Member] | Available For Sale [Member]
Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties, Reportable Data [Line Items]
Amortized cost	3,626,395	[1]
Fair value	3,926,950
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	3,926,950
Foreign Government Obligations [Member] | Available For Sale [Member]
Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties, Reportable Data [Line Items]
Amortized cost	224,588	[1]
Fair value	232,233
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	232,233
Corporate Securities [Member] | Available For Sale [Member]
Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties, Reportable Data [Line Items]
Amortized cost	26,338,214	[1]
Fair value	27,118,526
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	27,118,526
Corporate Securities [Member] | Held For Investment [Member]
Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties, Reportable Data [Line Items]
Amortized cost	76,825	[1]
Fair value	68,766
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	76,825
Residential Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] | Available For Sale [Member]
Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties, Reportable Data [Line Items]
Amortized cost	1,166,944	[1]
Fair value	1,254,835
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	1,254,835
Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] | Available For Sale [Member]
Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties, Reportable Data [Line Items]
Amortized cost	5,422,255	[1]
Fair value	5,365,235
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	5,365,235
Other Asset Backed Securities [Member] | Available For Sale [Member]
Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties, Reportable Data [Line Items]
Amortized cost	1,795,355	[1]
Fair value	1,806,123
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	1,806,123
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Member]
Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties, Reportable Data [Line Items]
Amortized cost	2,480,956	[1]
Fair value	2,522,035
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	2,480,956
Derivative Instruments [Member]
Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties, Reportable Data [Line Items]
Amortized cost	313,729	[1]
Fair value	830,519
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	830,519
Other Investments [Member]
Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties, Reportable Data [Line Items]
Amortized cost	308,296	[1]
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	$ 308,774
[1]	On the basis of cost adjusted for other than temporary impairments, repayments and amortization of premiums and accrual of discounts for fixed maturity securities and short-term investments, original cost for derivative instruments and unpaid principal balance less allowance for credit losses for mortgage loans.

Schedule II - Condensed Fina123

Schedule II - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant (Condensed Balance Sheets) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 791,266	$ 397,749	$ 701,514	$ 897,529
Other assets	173,726	112,171
Total assets	56,053,472	49,029,392
Liabilities:
Notes and loan payable	493,755	393,227
Other liabilities	1,090,896	629,897
Total liabilities	53,761,877	47,084,857
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock	88,001	81,354
Additional paid-in capital	770,344	630,367
Accumulated other comprehensive income	339,966	201,663
Retained earnings	1,093,284	1,031,151
Total stockholders' equity	2,291,595	1,944,535	2,139,876	1,384,687
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	56,053,472	49,029,392
Parent Company [Member]
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	36,394	38,903	$ 61,139	$ 252,541
Equity securities of subsidiary trusts	7,422	7,415
Receivable from subsidiaries	182	207
Deferred income taxes	9,528	11,645
Federal income tax recoverable, including amount from subsidiaries	0	7,747
Other assets	2,540	2,270
Total assets, excluding investment in and advances to subsidiaries	56,066	68,187
Investment in and advances to subsidiaries	2,992,217	2,526,972
Total assets	3,048,283	2,595,159
Liabilities:
Notes and loan payable	493,755	393,227
Subordinated debentures payable to subsidiary trusts	241,853	241,452
Federal income tax payable	3,614	0
Other liabilities	17,466	15,945
Total liabilities	756,688	650,624
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock	88,001	81,354
Additional paid-in capital	770,344	630,367
Accumulated other comprehensive income	339,966	201,663
Retained earnings	1,093,284	1,031,151
Total stockholders' equity	2,291,595	1,944,535
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 3,048,283	$ 2,595,159

Schedule II - Condensed Fina124

Schedule II - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant (Condensed Statements of Operations) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Revenues:
Net investment income	$ 475,633	$ 463,583	$ 459,830	$ 450,826	$ 438,262	$ 436,085	$ 418,176	$ 399,669	$ 1,849,872	$ 1,692,192	$ 1,531,667
Change in fair value of derivatives	95,391	103,794	39,099	(74,065)	69,338	(351,360)	(23,024)	(31,100)	164,219	(336,146)	504,825
Loss on extinguishment of debt									0	0	(12,502)
Total revenues	622,816	630,060	549,802	417,604	541,883	126,965	441,094	408,995	2,220,282	1,518,937	2,168,973
Expenses:
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives									543,465	(464,698)	32,321
Interest expense on notes and loan payable									28,248	28,849	36,370
Interest expense on subordinated debentures issued to subsidiary trusts									12,958	12,239	12,122
Other operating costs and expenses									102,231	96,218	81,584
Total benefits and expenses									2,090,035	1,181,623	1,972,909
Income tax expense									47,004	117,484	70,041
Net income	$ 120,796	$ (7,420)	$ 14,708	$ (44,841)	$ 33,776	$ 97,306	$ 82,845	$ 5,903	83,243	219,830	126,023
Parent Company [Member]
Revenues:
Net investment income									78	62	130
Dividends from subsidiary trusts									384	363	360
Investment advisory fees									75,706	65,957	58,044
Surplus note interest from subsidiary									4,080	4,080	4,080
Change in fair value of derivatives									(810)	(8,225)	(17,122)
Loss on extinguishment of debt									0	0	(12,502)
Total revenues									79,438	62,237	32,990
Expenses:
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives									0	(4,516)	(15,227)
Interest expense on notes and loan payable									28,248	28,849	36,370
Interest expense on subordinated debentures issued to subsidiary trusts									12,958	12,239	12,122
Other operating costs and expenses									8,551	8,195	7,928
Total benefits and expenses									49,757	44,767	41,193
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries									29,681	17,470	(8,203)
Income tax expense									12,073	7,338	664
Income (loss) before equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries									17,608	10,132	(8,867)
Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries									65,635	209,698	134,890
Net income									$ 83,243	$ 219,830	$ 126,023

Schedule II - Condensed Fina125

Schedule II - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant (Condensed Statements of Cash Flows) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Aug. 01, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Operating activities
Net income		$ 120,796	$ (7,420)	$ 14,708	$ (44,841)	$ 33,776	$ 97,306	$ 82,845	$ 5,903	$ 83,243	$ 219,830	$ 126,023
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Change in fair value of 2015 notes embedded conversion derivative										543,465	(464,698)	32,321
Change in fair value of derivatives										(165,727)	334,300	(506,328)
Loss on extinguishment of debt										0	0	12,502
Share-based compensation										6,692	7,373	3,544
ESOP compensation										2,522	2,604	2,486
Deferred income taxes										(10,408)	41,916	(46,504)
Other										(14,089)	(15,962)	(8,948)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other assets										1,812	71	(2,771)
Other liabilities										(55,940)	75,794	(51,008)
Net cash provided by operating activities										1,414,322	504,804	707,786
Investing activities
Purchases of property, plant and equipment										(1,197)	(1,313)	(1,352)
Net cash used in investing activities										(4,499,045)	(5,577,205)	(2,947,749)
Financing activities
Financing fees incurred and deferred										(1,456)	0	(100)
Repayment of notes payable										0	(48,152)	(219,094)
Net proceeds from settlement of notes hedges and warrants										0	25,775	16,558
Proceeds from issuance of debt										100,000	0	0
Excess tax benefits realized from share-based compensation plans										527	3,649	5,184
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	$ 134,700									139,654	112,481	13,681
Dividends paid										(21,110)	(17,874)	(15,015)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities										3,478,240	4,768,636	2,043,948
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents										393,517	(303,765)	(196,015)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year					397,749				701,514	397,749	701,514	897,529
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year		791,266				397,749				791,266	397,749	701,514
Cash paid during the year for interest:
Interest paid										39,647	39,118	42,989
Common Stock Issued in Extinguishment of Debt [Member]
Non-cash financing activity:
Common stock issued										0	0	95,993
Common Stock Issued to Settle Warrants That Have Expired [Member]
Non-cash financing activity:
Common stock issued										93	48	0
Parent Company [Member]
Operating activities
Net income										83,243	219,830	126,023
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Change in fair value of 2015 notes embedded conversion derivative										0	(4,516)	(15,227)
Provision for depreciation and amortization										1,946	1,613	2,081
Accrual of discount on equity security										(7)	(6)	(6)
Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries										(65,635)	(209,698)	(134,890)
Accrual of discount on contingent convertible notes										0	698	4,417
Change in fair value of derivatives										(698)	6,377	15,619
Loss on extinguishment of debt										0	0	12,502
Accrual of discount on debenture issued to subsidiary trust										221	207	193
Share-based compensation										818	1,026	1,141
ESOP compensation										0	0	82
Deferred income taxes										2,117	8,967	6,439
Other										0	0	(2,235)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivable from subsidiaries										(125)	93	2,208
Federal income tax recoverable										11,361	2,683	1,121
Other assets										(326)	(4)	378
Other liabilities										2,546	(1,664)	(7,256)
Net cash provided by operating activities										35,461	25,606	12,590
Investing activities
Capital contributions to subsidiaries										(255,000)	(120,000)	0
Purchases of property, plant and equipment										(54)	0	0
Net cash used in investing activities										(255,054)	(120,000)	0
Financing activities
Financing fees incurred and deferred										(1,456)	0	(100)
Repayment of notes payable										0	(48,152)	(219,094)
Net proceeds from settlement of notes hedges and warrants										0	25,775	16,558
Proceeds from issuance of debt										100,000	0	0
Excess tax benefits realized from share-based compensation plans										0	0	184
Proceeds from issuance of common stock										139,654	112,481	13,681
Dividends paid										(21,114)	(17,946)	(15,221)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities										217,084	72,158	(203,992)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents										(2,509)	(22,236)	(191,402)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year					$ 38,903				$ 61,139	38,903	61,139	252,541
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year		$ 36,394				$ 38,903				36,394	38,903	61,139
Parent Company [Member] | Common Stock Issued in Extinguishment of Debt [Member]
Non-cash financing activity:
Common stock issued										0	0	95,993
Parent Company [Member] | Common Stock Issued to Settle Warrants That Have Expired [Member]
Non-cash financing activity:
Common stock issued										93	48	0
Parent Company [Member] | Notes and Loans Payable [Member]
Cash paid during the year for interest:
Interest paid										27,164	27,283	31,206
Parent Company [Member] | Subordinated Debentures [Member]
Cash paid during the year for interest:
Interest paid										$ 12,454	$ 11,833	$ 11,765

Schedule III - Supplementary126

Schedule III - Supplementary Insurance Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Supplementary Insurance Information [Abstract]
Deferred policy acquisition costs	$ 2,905,377	$ 2,905,136	$ 2,058,556
Future policy benefits, losses, claims and loss expenses	51,637,026	45,495,431	39,802,861
Unearned premiums	0	0	0
Other policy claims and benefits payable	298,347	324,850	365,819
Premium revenue	217,346	172,216	151,613
Net investment income	1,849,872	1,692,192	1,531,667
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses	1,572,586	758,203	1,679,255
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	374,012	286,114	163,578
Other operating expenses	$ 143,437	$ 137,306	$ 130,076

Schedule IV - Reinsurance (Deta

Schedule IV - Reinsurance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Reinsurance Premiums for Insurance Companies, by Product Segment [Line Items]
Gross amount, life insurance in force	$ 1,996,446	$ 2,036,690	$ 2,171,426
Ceded to other companies, life insurance in force	10,045	10,677	11,548
Assumed from other companies, life insurance in force	57,849	56,882	56,509
Net amount, life insurance in force	2,044,250	2,082,895	2,216,387
Net amount, insurance premiums and other considerations	$ 43,767	$ 36,048	$ 32,623
Percent of amount assumed to net, life insurance in force	2.83%	2.73%	2.55%
Insurance Premiums and Other Considerations [Member]
Reinsurance Premiums for Insurance Companies, by Product Segment [Line Items]
Gross amount, insurance premiums and other considerations	$ 222,466	$ 177,310	$ 157,254
Ceded to other companies, insurance premiums and other considerations	5,617	5,683	6,292
Assumed from other companies, insurance premiums and other considerations	497	589	651
Net amount, insurance premiums and other considerations	$ 217,346	$ 172,216	$ 151,613
Percent of amount assumed to net, insurance premiums and other considerations	0.23%	0.34%	0.43%
Annuity Product Charges [Member]
Reinsurance Premiums for Insurance Companies, by Product Segment [Line Items]
Gross amount, insurance premiums and other considerations	$ 178,945	$ 141,595	$ 124,946
Ceded to other companies, insurance premiums and other considerations	5,366	5,427	5,956
Assumed from other companies, insurance premiums and other considerations	0	0	0
Net amount, insurance premiums and other considerations	$ 173,579	$ 136,168	$ 118,990
Percent of amount assumed to net, insurance premiums and other considerations	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Traditional Life, Accident and Health Insurance, and Life Contingent Immediate Annuity Premiums [Member]
Reinsurance Premiums for Insurance Companies, by Product Segment [Line Items]
Gross amount, insurance premiums and other considerations	$ 43,521	$ 35,715	$ 32,308
Ceded to other companies, insurance premiums and other considerations	251	256	336
Assumed from other companies, insurance premiums and other considerations	497	589	651
Net amount, insurance premiums and other considerations	$ 43,767	$ 36,048	$ 32,623
Percent of amount assumed to net, insurance premiums and other considerations	1.14%	1.63%	2.00%

Schedule V - Valuation and Q128

Schedule V - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Details) - Valuation Allowance on Mortgage Loans [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ (14,142)	$ (22,633)	$ (26,047)
Charged to costs and expenses	(4,846)	1,018	(6,052)
Translation adjustment	0	0	0
Write-offs/payments/other	10,561	7,473	9,466
Ending balance	$ (8,427)	$ (14,142)	$ (22,633)