Derivative Instruments | 13. Derivative Instruments Commodity Derivative Instruments The Company uses commodity derivative instruments to mitigate the effects of commodity price volatility for a portion of its forecasted sales of production and achieve a more predictable level of cash flow. Since the Company derives a significant portion of its revenues from sales of crude oil, crude oil price volatility represents the Company’s most significant commodity price risk. While the use of commodity derivative instruments limits or partially reduces the downside risk of adverse commodity price movements, such use also limits the upside from favorable commodity price movements. The Company does not enter into commodity derivative instruments for speculative purposes. The Company’s commodity derivative instruments, which settle on a monthly basis over the term of the contract for contracted volumes, consist of over-the-counter price swaps, three-way collars, sold call options, and basis swaps, each of which is described below. Price swaps are settled based on differences between a fixed price and the settlement price of a referenced index. If the settlement price of the referenced index is below the fixed price, the Company receives the difference from the counterparty. If the referenced settlement price is above the fixed price, the Company pays the difference to the counterparty. Three-way collars consist of a purchased put option (floor price), a sold call option (ceiling price) and a sold put option (sub-floor price) and are settled based on differences between the floor or ceiling prices and the settlement price of a referenced index or the difference between the floor price and sub-floor price. If the settlement price of the referenced index is below the sub-floor price, the Company receives the difference between the floor price and sub-floor price from the counterparty. If the settlement price of the referenced index is between the floor price and sub-floor price, the Company receives the difference between the floor price and the settlement price of the referenced index from the counterparty. If the settlement price of the referenced index is between the floor price and ceiling price, no payments are due to or from either party. If the settlement price of the referenced index is above the ceiling price, the Company pays the difference to the counterparty. Sold call options are settled based on differences between the ceiling price and the settlement price of a referenced index. If the settlement price of the referenced index is above the ceiling price, the Company pays the difference to the counterparty. If the settlement price of the referenced index is below the ceiling price, no payments are due to or from either party. Premiums from the sale of call options have been used to enhance the fixed price of certain contemporaneously executed price swaps. Purchased call options executed contemporaneously with sold call options in order to increase the ceiling price of existing sold call options have been presented on a net basis in the table below. Basis swaps are settled based on differences between a fixed price differential and the differential between the settlement prices of two referenced indexes. If the differential between the settlement prices of the two referenced indexes is greater than the fixed price differential, the Company receives the difference from the counterparty. If the differential between the settlement prices of the two referenced indexes is less than the fixed price differential, the Company pays the difference to the counterparty. The referenced index of the Company’s price swaps, three-way collars, and sold call options is U.S. New York Mercantile Exchange (“NYMEX”) West Texas Intermediate (“WTI”) for crude oil and NYMEX Henry Hub for natural gas, as applicable. The index price the Company receives on its crude oil basis swaps is Argus WTI Cushing (“WTI Cushing”) plus or minus a fixed price differential and the index price it pays is Argus WTI Midland (“WTI Midland”) or Argus Light Louisiana Sweet (“LLS”). The index price the Company receives on its natural gas basis swaps is NYMEX Henry Hub minus a fixed price differential and the index price it pays is Platt’s Inside FERC West Texas Waha (“Waha”). The Company has incurred premiums on certain of its commodity derivative instruments in order to obtain a higher floor price and/or higher ceiling price. Payment of these premiums are deferred until the applicable contracts settle on a monthly basis over the term of the contract or, in some cases, during the final 12 months of the contract and are referred to as deferred premium obligations. As of June 30, 2019 , the Company had the following outstanding commodity derivative instruments at weighted average contract volumes and prices: Commodity Period Type of Contract Index Volumes (Bbls per day) Fixed Price ($ per Bbl) Sub-Floor Price ($ per Bbl) Floor Price ($ per Bbl) Ceiling Price ($ per Bbl) Fixed Price Differential ($ per Bbl) Crude oil 3Q19 Price Swaps NYMEX WTI 5,000 $64.80 — — — — Crude oil 3Q19 Three-Way Collars NYMEX WTI 27,000 — $41.67 $50.96 $74.23 — Crude oil 3Q19 Basis Swaps LLS-WTI Cushing 6,000 — — — — $5.16 Crude oil 3Q19 Basis Swaps WTI Midland-WTI Cushing 9,100 — — — — ($4.44 ) Crude oil 3Q19 Sold Call Options NYMEX WTI 3,875 — — — $81.07 — Crude oil 4Q19 Price Swaps NYMEX WTI 5,000 $64.80 — — — — Crude oil 4Q19 Three-Way Collars NYMEX WTI 27,000 — $41.67 $50.96 $74.23 — Crude oil 4Q19 Basis Swaps WTI Midland-WTI Cushing 9,200 — — — — ($4.64 ) Crude oil 4Q19 Sold Call Options NYMEX WTI 3,875 — — — $81.07 — Crude oil 2020 Price Swaps NYMEX WTI 3,000 $55.06 — — — — Crude oil 2020 Three-Way Collars NYMEX WTI 12,000 — $45.63 $55.63 $66.04 — Crude oil 2020 Basis Swaps WTI Midland-WTI Cushing 10,658 — — — — ($1.68 ) Crude oil 2020 Sold Call Options NYMEX WTI 4,575 — — — $75.98 — Crude oil 2021 Basis Swaps WTI Midland-WTI Cushing 8,000 — — — — $0.18 Commodity Period Type of Contract Index Volumes (MMBtu per day) Fixed Price ($ per MMBtu) Sub-Floor Price ($ per MMBtu) Floor Price ($ per MMBtu) Ceiling Price ($ per MMBtu) Fixed Price Differential ($ per MMBtu) Natural gas 3Q19 Basis Swaps Waha-NYMEX Henry Hub 42,500 — — — — ($1.49 ) Natural gas 3Q19 Sold Call Options NYMEX Henry Hub 33,000 — — $3.25 — Natural gas 4Q19 Basis Swaps Waha-NYMEX Henry Hub 42,500 — — — — ($1.30 ) Natural gas 4Q19 Sold Call Options NYMEX Henry Hub 33,000 — — $3.25 — Natural gas 2020 Basis Swaps Waha-NYMEX Henry Hub 29,541 — — — — ($0.77 ) Natural gas 2020 Sold Call Options NYMEX Henry Hub 33,000 — — $3.50 — The Company typically has numerous commodity derivative instruments outstanding with a counterparty that were executed at various dates, for various contract types, commodities and time periods often resulting in both commodity derivative asset and liability positions with that counterparty. The Company nets its commodity derivative instrument fair values executed with the same counterparty, along with any deferred premium obligations, to a single asset or liability pursuant to International Swap Dealers Association Master Agreements (“ISDAs”), which provide for net settlement over the term of the contract and in the event of default or termination of the contract. Counterparties to the Company’s commodity derivative instruments who are also lenders under the Company’s credit agreement (“Lender Counterparty”) allow the Company to satisfy any need for margin obligations associated with commodity derivative instruments where the Company is in a net liability position with the Lender Counterparty with the collateral securing the credit agreement, thus eliminating the need for independent collateral posting. Counterparties to the Company’s commodity derivative instruments who are not lenders under the Company’s credit agreement (“Non-Lender Counterparty”) can require commodity derivative instruments to be novated to a Lender Counterparty if the Company’s net liability position exceeds the Company’s unsecured credit limit with the Non-Lender Counterparty and therefore do not require the posting of cash collateral. Because each Lender Counterparty has an investment grade credit rating and the Company has obtained a guaranty from each Non-Lender Counterparty’s parent company which has an investment grade credit rating, the Company believes it does not have significant credit risk and accordingly does not currently require its counterparties to post collateral to support the net asset positions of its commodity derivative instruments. Although the Company does not currently anticipate nonperformance from its counterparties, it continually monitors the credit ratings of each Lender Counterparty and each Non-Lender Counterparty’s parent company. As of June 30, 2019, the Company has outstanding commodity derivative instruments with fifteen counterparties to minimize its credit exposure to any individual counterparty. Contingent Consideration Arrangements The purchase and sale agreements for the acquisition of properties in the Delaware Basin from ExL Petroleum Management, LLC and ExL Petroleum Operating Inc. (the “ExL Acquisition”) in 2017 and divestitures of the Company’s assets in the Niobrara in 2018, and Marcellus and Utica in 2017, included contingent consideration arrangements that require the Company to pay or entitle the Company to receive specified amounts if commodity prices exceed specified thresholds, which are summarized in the tables below. If the pricing threshold for the respective contingent consideration arrangement is met, the payment is made or received in the first quarter of the following year. See “Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures of Oil and Gas Properties” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2018 Annual Report for further discussion of these transactions. See “—Cash received (paid) for settlements of contingent consideration arrangements, net” below for discussion of the settlements that occurred during the first quarter of 2019. Contingent ExL Consideration Year Threshold (1) Period Cash Flow Occurs Statement of Cash Flows Presentation Contingent Payment - Annual Remaining Contingent Payments - Aggregate Limit Acquisition Date Fair Value (In thousands) ($52,300 ) Actual Settlement 2018 $50.00 1Q19 Financing ($50,000 ) Remaining Potential Settlements 2019-2021 50.00 (2) (2) (50,000 ) ($75,000 ) (1) The price used to determine whether the specified threshold for each year has been met is the average daily closing spot price per barrel of WTI crude oil as measured by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (“U.S. EIA”). (2) Cash paid for settlements of contingent consideration arrangements are classified as cash flows from financing activities up to the acquisition date fair value with any excess classified as cash flows from operating activities. Therefore, if the commodity price threshold is reached, $2.3 million of the next contingent payment will be presented in cash flows from financing activities with the remainder, as well as all subsequent contingent payments, presented in cash flows from operating activities. Contingent Niobrara Consideration Year Threshold (1) Period Cash Flow Occurs Statement of Cash Flows Presentation Contingent Receipt - Annual Remaining Contingent Payments - Aggregate Limit Divestiture Date Fair Value (In thousands) $7,880 Actual Settlement 2018 $55.00 1Q19 Financing $5,000 Remaining Potential Settlements 2019 55.00 1Q20 (2) 5,000 $10,000 2020 60.00 1Q21 (2) 5,000 (1) The price used to determine whether the specified threshold for each year has been met is the average daily closing spot price per barrel of WTI crude oil as measured by the U.S. EIA. (2) If the commodity price threshold is reached, $2.9 million of the next contingent receipt will be presented in cash flows from financing activities with the remainder, as well as all subsequent contingent receipts, presented in cash flows from operating activities. Contingent Marcellus Consideration Year Threshold (1) Period Cash Flow Occurs Statement of Cash Flows Presentation Contingent Receipt - Annual Remaining Contingent Payments - Aggregate Limit Divestiture Date Fair Value (In thousands) $2,660 Actual Settlement 2018 $3.13 1Q19 N/A $— Remaining Potential Settlements 2019 3.18 1Q20 (2) 3,000 $6,000 2020 3.30 1Q21 (2) 3,000 (1) The price used to determine whether the specified threshold for each year has been met is the average monthly settlement price per MMBtu of Henry Hub natural gas for the next calendar month, as determined on the last business day preceding each calendar month as measured by the CME Group Inc. (2) For the first quarter of 2019 , there was no settlement for the Contingent Marcellus Consideration. Therefore, if the commodity price threshold is reached, $2.7 million of the contingent receipt will be presented in cash flows from financing activities with the remainder, as well as all subsequent contingent receipts, presented in cash flows from operating activities. Contingent Utica Consideration Year Threshold (1) Period Cash Flow Occurs Statement of Cash Flows Presentation Contingent Receipt - Annual Remaining Contingent Payments - Aggregate Limit Divestiture Date Fair Value (In thousands) $6,145 Actual Settlement 2018 $50.00 1Q19 Financing $5,000 Remaining Potential Settlements 2019 53.00 1Q20 (2) 5,000 $10,000 2020 56.00 1Q21 (2) 5,000 (1) The price used to determine whether the specified threshold for each year has been met is the average daily closing spot price per barrel of WTI crude oil as measured by the U.S. EIA. (2) If the commodity price threshold is reached, $1.1 million of the next contingent receipt will be presented in cash flows from financing activities with the remainder, as well as all subsequent contingent receipts, presented in cash flows from operating activities. Derivative Assets and Liabilities The derivative instrument asset and liability fair values recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are summarized below: June 30, 2019 Gross Amounts Recognized Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (In thousands) Commodity derivative instruments $21,704 ($15,582 ) $6,122 Contingent Niobrara Consideration 3,409 — 3,409 Contingent Marcellus Consideration 3 — 3 Contingent Utica Consideration 4,087 — 4,087 Derivative assets $29,203 ($15,582 ) $13,621 Commodity derivative instruments 10,303 (8,243 ) 2,060 Contingent Niobrara Consideration 1,538 — 1,538 Contingent Marcellus Consideration 447 — 447 Contingent Utica Consideration 1,970 — 1,970 Other long-term assets $14,258 ($8,243 ) $6,015 Commodity derivative instruments ($26,390 ) $8,024 ($18,366 ) Deferred premium obligations (7,558 ) 7,558 — Contingent ExL Consideration (46,385 ) — (46,385 ) Derivative liabilities-current ($80,333 ) $15,582 ($64,751 ) Commodity derivative instruments (10,988 ) 6,474 (4,514 ) Deferred premium obligations (1,769 ) 1,769 — Contingent ExL Consideration (14,413 ) — (14,413 ) Other long-term liabilities ($27,170 ) $8,243 ($18,927 ) December 31, 2018 Gross Amounts Recognized Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (In thousands) Commodity derivative instruments $50,406 ($20,502 ) $29,904 Contingent Niobrara Consideration 5,000 — 5,000 Contingent Utica Consideration 5,000 — 5,000 Derivative assets $60,406 ($20,502 ) $39,904 Commodity derivative instruments 6,083 (4,236 ) 1,847 Contingent Niobrara Consideration 2,035 — 2,035 Contingent Marcellus Consideration 1,369 — 1,369 Contingent Utica Consideration 2,501 — 2,501 Other long-term assets $11,988 ($4,236 ) $7,752 Commodity derivative instruments ($15,345 ) $10,140 ($5,205 ) Deferred premium obligations (10,362 ) 10,362 — Contingent ExL Consideration (50,000 ) — (50,000 ) Derivative liabilities-current ($75,707 ) $20,502 ($55,205 ) Commodity derivative instruments (10,751 ) 518 (10,233 ) Deferred premium obligations (3,718 ) 3,718 — Contingent ExL Consideration (30,584 ) — (30,584 ) Other long-term liabilities ($45,053 ) $4,236 ($40,817 ) See “Note 14. Fair Value Measurements” for additional information regarding the fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments. (Gain) loss on derivatives, net The components of “(Gain) loss on derivatives, net” in the consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 are summarized below: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended 2019 2018 2019 2018 (In thousands) (Gain) loss on derivatives, net Crude oil ($20,915 ) $53,437 $41,846 $82,948 NGL — 6,564 (6 ) 4,799 Natural gas (1,600 ) 153 (3,670 ) (2,892 ) Contingent ExL Consideration 1,215 10,600 30,214 16,430 Contingent Niobrara Consideration 265 (1,705 ) (2,912 ) (2,090 ) Contingent Marcellus Consideration 438 205 919 675 Contingent Utica Consideration 148 (1,540 ) (3,556 ) (2,560 ) (Gain) loss on derivatives, net ($20,449 ) $67,714 $62,835 $97,310 Cash received (paid) for derivative settlements, net There were no settlements of contingent consideration arrangements for the three months ended June 30, 2019. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 , the Company paid $50.0 million from the first annual settlement of the Contingent ExL Consideration and received $10.0 million from the first annual settlements of the Contingent Niobrara Consideration and the Contingent Utica Consideration as the specified pricing thresholds for fiscal year 2018 for each contingent consideration arrangement were exceeded. The cash paid and received for those contingent consideration settlements are classified as cash flows from financing activities as each of the settlements were less than their respective acquisition or divestiture date fair values. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 , there were no settlements of contingent consideration arrangements. The components of “Cash paid for derivative settlements, net” and “Cash paid for settlements of contingent consideration arrangements, net” in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 are summarized below: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended 2019 2018 2019 2018 Cash Flows From Operating Activities (In thousands) Cash received (paid) for commodity derivative settlements, net Crude oil ($3,698 ) ($21,210 ) ($4,018 ) ($33,333 ) NGL — (756 ) 623 (1,188 ) Natural gas 1,925 488 1,625 540 Deferred premium obligations (2,749 ) (2,605 ) (5,390 ) (4,467 ) Cash paid for commodity derivative settlements, net ($4,522 ) ($24,083 ) ($7,160 ) ($38,448 ) Cash Flows From Financing Activities Cash received (paid) for settlements of contingent consideration arrangements, net Contingent ExL Consideration $— $— ($50,000 ) $— Contingent Niobrara Consideration — — 5,000 — Contingent Utica Consideration — — 5,000 — Cash paid for settlements of contingent consideration arrangements, net $— $— ($40,000 ) $— |