Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2013 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ' |
Significant Accounting Policies | ' |
Significant Accounting Policies |
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Principles of Consolidation |
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The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our subsidiaries, which are wholly-owned or controlled by us. Entities which we do not control through our voting interest and entities which are variable interest entities, but where we are not the primary beneficiary, are accounted for under the equity method or as debt and preferred equity investments. See Note 5, “Debt and Preferred Equity Investments” and Note 6, “Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures.” All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. |
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We consolidate variable interest entities, or VIEs, in which we are considered the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is the entity that has (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. Included in commercial real estate properties on our consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are approximately $600.1 million and $607.4 million, respectively, related to our consolidated VIEs. Included in mortgages and other loans payable on our consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are approximately $373.1 million and $379.6 million, respectively, related to our consolidated VIEs. |
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A noncontrolling interest in a consolidated subsidiary is defined as the portion of the equity (net assets) in a subsidiary not attributable, directly or indirectly, to a parent. Noncontrolling interests are required to be presented as a separate component of equity in the consolidated balance sheet and the presentation of net income was modified to present earnings and other comprehensive income attributed to controlling and noncontrolling interests. |
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We assess the accounting treatment for each joint venture and debt and preferred equity investment. This assessment includes a review of each joint venture or limited liability company agreement to determine which party has what rights and whether those rights are protective or participating. For all VIE’s, we review such agreements in order to determine which party has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance. In situations where we and our partner approves, among other things, the annual budget, receives a detailed monthly reporting package from us, meets on a quarterly basis to review the results of the joint venture, reviews and approves the joint venture’s tax return before filing, and approves all leases that cover more than a nominal amount of space relative to the total rentable space at each property, we do not consolidate the joint venture as we consider these to be substantive participation rights that result in shared power of the activities that most significantly impact the performance of our joint venture. Our joint venture agreements typically contain certain protective rights such as the requirement of partner approval to sell, finance or refinance the property and the payment of capital expenditures and operating expenditures outside of the approved budget or operating plan. |
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Investment in Commercial Real Estate Properties |
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On a periodic basis, we assess whether there are any indications that the value of our real estate properties may be impaired or that their carrying value may not be recoverable. A property’s value is considered impaired if management’s estimate of the aggregate future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges for consolidated properties) to be generated by the property is less than the carrying value of the property. To the extent impairment has occurred, the loss will be measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the property over the calculated fair value of the property. We also evaluate our real estate properties for potential impairment when a real estate property has been classified as held for sale. Real estate assets held for sale are valued at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. In June 2013, we recorded a $2.2 million impairment charge in connection with the sale of 300 Main Street in Stamford, Connecticut. |
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We assess our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures for recoverability, and if it is determined that a loss in value of the investment is other than temporary, we write down the investment to its fair value. We evaluate our equity investments for impairment based on the joint venture’s projected discounted cash flows. We do not believe that the values of any of our consolidated properties or equity investments were impaired at either September 30, 2013 or December 31, 2012. |
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When we acquire equity interests in an existing unconsolidated joint venture and gain control over the investment, we record the consolidated investment at fair value. The difference between the book value of our equity investment on the purchase date and our share of the fair value of the investment’s purchase price is recorded as a purchase price fair value adjustment in our consolidated statements of income. In April 2013, we recognized a purchase price fair value adjustment of $(2.3) million in connection with the consolidation of 16 Court Street, which was previously accounted for as an investment in unconsolidated joint venture. |
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We allocate the purchase price of real estate to land and building (inclusive of tenant improvements) and, if determined to be material, intangibles, such as the value of above- and below-market leases and origination costs associated with the in-place leases. We depreciate the amount allocated to building (inclusive of tenant improvements) and other intangible assets over their estimated useful lives, which generally range from three to 40 years and from one to 14 years, respectively. The values of the above- and below-market leases are amortized and recorded as either an increase (in the case of below-market leases) or a decrease (in the case of above-market leases) to rental income over the remaining term of the associated lease, which generally range from one to 14 years. The value associated with in-place leases is amortized over the expected term of the associated lease, which generally ranges from one to 14 years. If a tenant vacates its space prior to the contractual termination of the lease and no rental payments are being made on the lease, any unamortized balance of the related intangible will be written off. The tenant improvements and origination costs are amortized as an expense over the remaining life of the lease (or charged against earnings if the lease is terminated prior to its contractual expiration date). We assess fair value of the leases based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount and capitalization rates and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known trends, and market/economic conditions that may affect the property. To the extent acquired leases contain fixed rate renewal options that are below market and determined to be material, we amortize such below market lease value into rental income over the renewal period. |
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We recognized a decrease approximately $1.5 million in rental revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2013 for the amortization of aggregate above-market leases and reductions in lease origination costs in excess of below-market leases, which included approximately $6.8 million resulting from a write-off of above-market and in-place lease balances associated with a former tenant. Excluding this non-recurring charge, we recognized an increase of approximately $5.3 million in rental revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2013 for the amortization of aggregate below-market leases in excess of above-market leases and reductions in lease origination costs. We recognized an increase of approximately $8.5 million, $2.6 million and $7.4 million in rental revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively, for the amortization of aggregate below-market leases in excess of above-market leases and reductions in lease origination costs.We recognized a reduction in interest expense for the amortization of the above-market rate mortgages assumed of approximately $1.3 million, $4.0 million, $1.3 million and $0.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. |
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The following summarizes our identified intangible assets (acquired above-market leases and in-place leases) and intangible liabilities (acquired below-market leases) as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 (in thousands): |
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| September 30, | | December 31, |
2013 | 2012 |
Identified intangible assets (included in other assets): | | | | | |
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Gross amount | $ | 732,160 | | | $ | 725,861 | |
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Accumulated amortization | (325,224 | ) | | (263,107 | ) |
Net | $ | 406,936 | | | $ | 462,754 | |
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Identified intangible liabilities (included in deferred revenue): | | | | | |
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Gross amount | $ | 667,495 | | | $ | 651,921 | |
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Accumulated amortization | (411,814 | ) | | (357,225 | ) |
Net | $ | 255,681 | | | $ | 294,696 | |
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Investment in Marketable Securities |
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We invest in marketable securities. At the time of purchase, we are required to designate a security as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, or trading depending on ability and intent. We do not have any securities designated as held-to-maturity or trading at this time. Securities available-for-sale are reported at fair value pursuant to ASC 820-10, with the net unrealized gains or losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. |
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The cost of bonds and marketable securities sold was determined using the specific identification method. |
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At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we held the following marketable securities (in thousands): |
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| September 30, | | December 31, |
2013 | 2012 |
Level 1 – Equity marketable securities | $ | 3,109 | | | $ | 2,202 | |
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Level 2 – Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 26,346 | | | 15,575 | |
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Level 3 – Rake bonds | 3,408 | | | 3,652 | |
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Total marketable securities available-for-sale | $ | 32,863 | | | $ | 21,429 | |
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Our equity marketable securities represent our investment in Gramercy Capital Corp., which was renamed Gramercy Property Trust Inc. (NYSE: GPT), or Gramercy, in April 2013. Marc Holliday, our chief executive officer, remains a board member of Gramercy. As we no longer have any significant influence over Gramercy, we account for our investment as available-for-sale securities. |
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The cost basis of the Level 3 securities was $3.6 million and $3.7 million at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. There were no sales of Level 3 securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. The Level 3 securities mature at various times through 2030. |
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Revenue Recognition |
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Rental revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Rental revenue recognition commences when the tenant takes possession or controls the physical use of the leased space. In order for the tenant to take possession, the leased space must be substantially ready for its intended use. To determine whether the leased space is substantially ready for its intended use, management evaluates whether we are or the tenant is the owner of tenant improvements for accounting purposes. When management concludes that we are the owner of tenant improvements, rental revenue recognition begins when the tenant takes possession of the finished space, which is when such tenant improvements are substantially complete. In certain instances, when management concludes that we are not the owner (the tenant is the owner) of tenant improvements, rental revenue recognition begins when the tenant takes possession of or controls the space. When management concludes that we are the owner of tenant improvements for accounting purposes, management records amounts funded to construct the tenant improvements as a capital asset. For these tenant improvements, management records amounts reimbursed by tenants as a reduction of the capital asset. When management concludes that the tenant is the owner of tenant improvements for accounting purposes, management records our contribution towards those improvements as a lease incentive, which is included in deferred leasing costs on our consolidated balance sheets and amortized as a reduction to rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The excess of rents recognized over amounts contractually due pursuant to the underlying leases are included in deferred rents receivable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. We establish, on a current basis, an allowance for future potential tenant credit losses, which may occur against this account. The balance reflected on the consolidated balance sheets is net of such allowance. |
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In addition to base rent, our tenants also generally will pay their pro rata share of increases in real estate taxes and operating expenses for the building over a base year. In some leases, in lieu of paying additional rent based upon increases in building operating expenses, the tenant will pay additional rent based upon increases in the wage rate paid to porters over the porters’ wage rate in effect during a base year or increases in the consumer price index over the index value in effect during a base year. In addition, many of our leases contain fixed percentage increases over the base rent to cover escalations. Electricity is most often supplied by the landlord either on a sub-metered basis, or rent inclusion basis (i.e., a fixed fee is included in the rent for electricity, which amount may increase based upon increases in electricity rates or increases in electrical usage by the tenant). Base building services other than electricity (such as heat, air conditioning and freight elevator service during business hours, and base building cleaning) are typically provided at no additional cost, with the tenant paying additional rent only for services which exceed base building services or for services which are provided outside normal business hours. These escalations are based on actual expenses incurred in the prior calendar year. If the expenses in the current year are different from those in the prior year, then during the current year, the escalations will be adjusted to reflect the actual expenses for the current year. |
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We record a gain on sale of real estate when title is conveyed to the buyer, subject to the buyer’s financial commitment being sufficient to provide economic substance to the sale and we have no substantial economic involvement with the buyer. |
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Interest income on debt and preferred equity investments is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method and recognized on the accrual basis. Fees received in connection with loan commitments are deferred until the loan is funded and are then recognized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to yield. Anticipated exit fees, whose collection is expected, are also recognized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to yield. Fees on commitments that expire unused are recognized at expiration. |
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Income recognition is generally suspended for debt and preferred equity investments at the earlier of the date at which payments become 90 days past due or when, in the opinion of management, a full recovery of interest income and principal becomes doubtful. Interest income recognition is resumed when the loan becomes contractually current and performance is demonstrated to be resumed. Interest is recorded as income on impaired loans only to the extent cash is received. Several of the debt and preferred equity investments provide for accrual of interest at specified rates, which differ from current payment terms. Interest is recognized on such loans at the accrual rate subject to management’s determination that accrued interest and outstanding principal are ultimately collectible, based on the underlying collateral and operations of the borrower. If management cannot make this determination, interest income above the current pay rate is recognized only upon actual receipt. |
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If we purchase a debt or preferred equity investment at a discount, intend to hold it until maturity and expect to recover the full value of the investment, we accrete the discount into income as an adjustment to yield over the term of the investment. If we purchase a debt or preferred equity investment at a discount with the intention of foreclosing on the collateral, we do not accrete the discount. |
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Reserve for Possible Credit Losses |
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The expense for possible credit losses in connection with debt and preferred equity investments is the charge to earnings to increase the allowance for possible credit losses to the level that we estimate to be adequate, based on Level 3 data, considering delinquencies, loss experience and collateral quality. Other factors considered relate to geographic trends and product diversification, the size of the portfolio and current economic conditions. Based upon these factors, we establish the provision for possible credit losses on each individual investment. When it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts contractually due, the investment is considered impaired. |
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Where impairment is indicated on an investment that is held to maturity, a valuation allowance is measured based upon the excess of the recorded investment amount over the net fair value of the collateral. Any deficiency between the carrying amount of an asset and the calculated value of the collateral is charged to expense. The write-off of the reserve balance is called a charge off. We continue to assess or adjust our estimates based on circumstances of a loan and the underlying collateral. If the additional information obtained reflects increased recovery of our investment, we will adjust our reserves accordingly. |
We recorded no loan loss reserves during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, we recorded loan loss reserves of zero and $3.0 million, respectively, on investments being held to maturity and approximately zero and $2.4 million, respectively, in recoveries in connection with the sale of our investments. This is included in loan loss and other investment reserves, net of recoveries in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. |
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Debt and preferred equity investments held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair market value using available market information obtained through consultation with dealers or other originators of such investments as well as discounted cash flow models based on Level 3 data pursuant to ASC 820-10. As circumstances change, management may conclude not to sell an investment designated as held for sale. In such situations, the investment will be reclassified at its net carrying value to debt and preferred equity investments held to maturity. For these reclassified investments, the difference between the current carrying value and the expected cash to be collected at maturity will be accreted into income over the remaining term of the investment. |
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Income Taxes |
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SL Green is taxed as a REIT under Section 856(c) of the Code. As a REIT, SL Green generally is not subject to Federal income tax. To maintain its qualification as a REIT, SL Green must distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its stockholders and meet certain other requirements. If SL Green fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to Federal income tax on SL Green's taxable income at regular corporate rates. SL Green may also be subject to certain state, local and franchise taxes. Under certain circumstances, Federal income and excise taxes may be due on SL Green's undistributed taxable income. |
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The Operating Partnership is a partnership and, as a result, all income and losses of the partnership are allocated to the partners for inclusion in their respective income tax returns. The only provision for income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements relates to the Operating Partnership’s consolidated taxable REIT subsidiaries. We may also be subject to certain state, local and franchise taxes. |
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Pursuant to amendments to the Code that became effective January 1, 2001, we have elected, and may elect in the future, to treat certain of our existing or newly created corporate subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries, or a TRS. In general, our TRSs may perform non-customary services for our tenants, hold assets that we cannot hold directly and generally may engage in any real estate or non-real estate related business. Our TRSs generate income, resulting in Federal and state income tax liability for these entities. |
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During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, we recorded Federal, state and local tax provisions of $2.1 million and $6.0 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, we recorded Federal, state and local tax provisions of zero and less than $0.1 million, respectively. |
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We follow a two-step approach for evaluating uncertain tax positions. Recognition (step one) occurs when an enterprise concludes that a tax position, based solely on its technical merits, is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination. Measurement (step two) determines the amount of benefit that is more-likely-than-not to be realized upon settlement. Derecognition of a tax position that was previously recognized would occur when a company subsequently determines that a tax position no longer meets the more-likely-than-not threshold of being sustained. The use of a valuation allowance as a substitute for derecognition of tax positions is prohibited. |
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Stock-Based Employee Compensation Plans |
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We have a stock-based employee compensation plan, described more fully in Note 14, “Share-based Compensation.” |
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Our stock options are recorded at fair value at the time of issuance. Fair value of the stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options, which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility. Because our plan has characteristics significantly different from those of traded options and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in our opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of our employee stock options. |
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Compensation cost for stock options, if any, is recognized ratably over the vesting period of the award. Our policy is to grant options with an exercise price equal to the quoted closing market price of our common stock on the grant date. Awards of stock or restricted stock are expensed as compensation over the benefit period based on the fair value of the stock on the grant date. |
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For share-based awards with a performance or market measure, we recognize compensation cost over the requisite service period, using the accelerated attribution expense method. The requisite service period begins on the date the compensation committee of our board of directors authorizes the award, adopts any relevant performance measures and communicates the award to the employees. For programs with performance measures, the total estimated compensation cost is based on the fair value of the award at the applicable reporting date estimated using a binomial model. For share-based awards for which there is no pre-established performance measure, we recognize compensation cost over the service vesting period, which represents the requisite service period, on a straight-line basis. In accordance with the provisions of our share-based incentive compensation plans, we accept the return of shares of Company common stock, at the current quoted market price, from certain key employees to satisfy minimum statutory tax-withholding requirements related to shares that vested during the period. |
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Awards can also be made in the form of a separate series of units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership called long-term incentive plan units, or LTIP Units. LTIP Units, which can be granted either as free-standing awards or in tandem with other awards under our stock incentive plan, are valued by reference to the value of the Company's common stock at the time of grant, and are subject to such conditions and restrictions as the compensation committee of the Company's board of directors may determine, including continued employment or service, computation of financial metrics and/or achievement of pre-established performance goals and objectives. |
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Earnings per Share of the Company |
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The Company presents both basic and diluted earnings per share, or EPS. Basic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding during the period. Basic EPS includes participating securities, consisting of unvested restricted stock that receive nonforfeitable dividends similar to shares of common stock. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock, where such exercise or conversion would result in a lower EPS amount. Diluted EPS also includes units of limited partnership interest. The dilutive effect of stock options is reflected in the weighted average diluted outstanding shares calculation by application of the treasury stock method. There is no dilutive effect for the exchangeable senior debentures as the conversion premium will be paid in cash. |
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Earnings per Unit of the Operating Partnership |
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The Operating Partnership presents both basic and diluted earnings per unit, or EPU. Basic EPU excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income attributable to common unitholders by the weighted average number of common units outstanding during the period. Basic EPU includes participating securities, consisting of unvested restricted units that receive nonforfeitable dividends similar to shares of common units. Diluted EPU reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common units were exercised or converted into common units, where such exercise or conversion would result in a lower EPU amount. The dilutive effect of unit options is reflected in the weighted average diluted outstanding units calculation by application of the treasury stock method. There is no dilutive effect for the exchangeable senior notes as the conversion premium will be paid in cash. |
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Use of Estimates |
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The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
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Concentrations of Credit Risk |
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Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash investments, debt and preferred equity investments and accounts receivable. We place our cash investments in excess of insured amounts with high quality financial institutions. The collateral securing our debt and preferred equity investments is located in the New York Metropolitan area. See Note 5, “Debt and Preferred Equity Investments.” We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our tenants and require most tenants to provide security deposits or letters of credit. Though these security deposits and letters of credit are insufficient to meet the total value of a tenant’s lease obligation, they are a measure of good faith and a source of funds to offset the economic costs associated with lost rent and the costs associated with re-tenanting the space. Although the properties in our real estate portfolio are primarily located in Manhattan, we also have Suburban properties located in Brooklyn, Long Island, Westchester County, Connecticut, Northern New Jersey and the west coast. The tenants located in our buildings operate in various industries. Other than three tenants who account for approximately 7.3%, 6.5% and 6.0% of our share of annualized cash rent, no other tenant in our portfolio accounted for more than 2.0% of our annualized cash rent, including our share of joint venture annualized cash rent for the three months ended September 30, 2013. Approximately 10%, 7% and 6% of our annualized cash rent for consolidated properties for the three months ended September 30, 2013 was attributable to 1515 Broadway, 1185 Avenue of the Americas and One Madison Avenue, respectively. In addition, one debt and preferred equity investment accounted for more than 10% of the income earned on debt and preferred equity investments during the three months ended September 30, 2013. |
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Reclassification |
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Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to our current year presentation primarily in order to eliminate discontinued operations from income from continuing operations and to reclassify deferred origination fees from deferred income to debt and preferred equity investments. |
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Accounting Standards Updates |
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In February 2013, the FASB issued guidance on the presentation and disclosure of reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income, or AOCI. The standard requires an entity to present information about significant items reclassified out of AOCI by component either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or as a separate disclosure in the notes to financial statements. The guidance became effective for calendar year-end public companies beginning in the first quarter of 2013 and its adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. |