| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Rockwell Transportation, Inc. and Rockwell Medical India Private Limited. Rockwell Medical India Private Limited was formed in 2017 for the purpose of conducting certain commercial activities in India. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2018 financial statements and notes to conform to the 2019 presentation. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The core principle of the new revenue standard is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The following five steps are applied to achieve that core principle: • Step 1: Identify the contract with the customer • Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract • Step 3: Determine the transaction price • Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract • Step 5: Recognize revenue when the company satisfies a performance obligation Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by us from a customer, are excluded from revenue. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight related to contracts with customers are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of sales when control of the goods transfers to the customer. Nature of goods and services The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates its revenue. Product sales – The Company accounts for individual products and services separately if they are distinct (i.e., if a product or service is separately identifiable from other items and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer). The consideration, including any discounts, is allocated between separate products and services based on their stand-alone selling prices. The stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the cost plus margin approach. Drug and dialysis concentrate products are sold directly to dialysis clinics and to wholesale distributors in both domestic and international markets. Distribution and license agreements for which upfront fees are received are evaluated upon execution or modification of the agreement to determine if the agreement creates a separate performance obligation from the underlying product sales. For all existing distribution and license agreements, the distribution and license agreement is not a distinct performance obligation from the product sales. In instances where regulatory approval of the product has not been established and the Company does not have sufficient experience with the foreign regulatory body to conclude that regulatory approval is probable, the revenue for the performance obligation is recognized over the term of the license agreement (over time recognition). Conversely, when regulatory approval already exists or is probable, revenue is recognized at the point in time that control of the product transfers to the customer. The Company received upfront fees under two distribution and license agreements that have been deferred as a contract liability. The amounts received from Wanbang Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (“Wanbang”) are recognized as revenue over the estimated term of the distribution and license agreement as regulatory approval was not received and the Company did not have sufficient experience in China to determine that regulatory approval was probable as of the execution of the agreement. The amounts received from Baxter Healthcare Corporation (“Baxter”) are recognized as revenue at the point in time that the estimated product sales under the agreement occur. For the business under the Company’s distribution agreement with Baxter (the “Baxter Agreement”) and for the majority of the Company’s international customers, the Company recognizes revenue at the shipping point, which is generally the Company’s plant or warehouse. For other business, the Company recognizes revenue based on when the customer takes control of the product. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the purchase order less returns and adjusted for any rebates, discounts, chargebacks or other amounts paid to customers. There were no such adjustments for the periods reported. Customers typically pay for the product based on customary business practices with payment terms averaging 30 days , while distributor payment terms average 45 days . Disaggregation of revenue Revenue is disaggregated by primary geographical market, major product line, and timing of revenue recognition. In thousands of US dollars ($) Year Ended December 31, 2019 Products By Geographic Area Total U.S. Rest of World Drug Revenues Product Sales - Point-in-time $ 272 $ 272 $ — License Fee – Over time 273 — 273 Total Drug Products 545 272 273 Concentrate Products Product Sales – Point-in-time 58,778 52,540 6,238 License Fee – Point-in-time 1,980 1,980 — Total Concentrate Products 60,758 54,520 6,238 Net Revenue $ 61,303 $ 54,792 $ 6,511 Year Ended December 31, 2018 Products By Geographic Area Total U.S. Rest of World Drug Revenues License Fee – Over time $ 273 $ — $ 273 Concentrate Products Product Sales – Point-in-time 60,995 52,264 8,731 License Fee – Point-in-time 2,121 2,121 — Total Concentrate Products 63,116 54,385 8,731 Net Revenue $ 63,389 $ 54,385 $ 9,004 For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 , license fee revenue was $2.3 million and $2.4 million , respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 , product sales revenue was $59.0 million and $61.0 million , respectively. Contract balances The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers. In thousands of US dollars ($) December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Receivables, which are included in "Trade and other receivables" $ 4,203 $ 6,980 Contract liabilities $ 12,076 $ 14,329 There were no impairment losses recognized related to any receivables arising from the Company’s contracts with customers for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 , the Company did not recognize material bad-debt expense and there were no material contract assets recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. The Company does not generally accept returns of its concentrate products and no reserve for returns of concentrate products was established as of December 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018 . The contract liabilities primarily relate to upfront payments and consideration received from customers that are received in advance of the customer assuming control of the related products. Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations For the year ended December 31, 2019 , revenue recognized from performance obligations related to prior periods was not material. Revenue expected to be recognized in any future year related to remaining performance obligations, excluding revenue pertaining to contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less, contracts where revenue is recognized as invoiced and contracts with variable consideration related to undelivered performance obligations, totaled $12.1 million and $14.3 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 . The amount relates primarily to upfront payments and consideration received from customers that are received in advance of the customer assuming control of the related products. The Company applies the practical expedient in paragraph 606-10-50-14 and does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less. The Baxter Agreement includes minimum commitments of product sales over the duration of the agreement. Unfulfilled performance obligations related to the Baxter Agreement are product sales totaling $9.1 million , which will be amortized through expiration of the agreement on October 2, 2024. Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant accounting estimates inherent in the preparation of our financial statements include estimates associated with revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory reserves, accrued expenses, deferred license revenue, stock-based compensation, impairments of long‑lived assets, and accounting for income taxes. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of 90 days or less at acquisition to be cash equivalents excluding items held in Investments - Available for Sale as noted below. Cash and cash equivalents include cash held in banks, money market mutual funds and unrestricted certificates of deposit. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents exceeds the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limits. The Company has not experienced any credit losses for amounts in excess of insured limits. Currently the Company does not reasonably believe a significant risk of credit loss exists. Fair Value Measurement The Company applies the guidance issued with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements , which provides guidance on the development and disclosure of fair value measurements. Under this accounting guidance, fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. The accounting guidance classifies fair value measurements in one of the following three categories for disclosure purposes: Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Inputs other than Level 1 prices for similar assets or liabilities that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. Level 3: Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity ad values determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimation. Investments – Available for Sale The Company has designated its short term investments as of each balance sheet date as available-for-sale securities and accounts for them at their respective fair values. Available-for-sale securities are measured at fair value, including accrued interest, with temporary unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of stockholders' equity until their disposition. We review all available-for-sale securities at each period end to determine if they remain available-for-sale based on our then current intent and ability to sell the security if required to do so. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. All of our investments available-for-sale are subject to periodic impairment review. We recognize an impairment charge when a decline in the fair value of our investments below the cost basis is judged to be other than temporary. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are stated at invoice amounts. The carrying amount of trade accounts receivable is reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts that reflects our best estimate of accounts that may not be collected. We review outstanding trade accounts receivable balances and based on our assessment of expected collections, we estimate the portion, if any, of the balance that may not be collected as well as a general valuation allowance for other accounts receivable based primarily on historical experience. All accounts or portions thereof deemed to be uncollectible are written off to the allowance for doubtful accounts. Inventory Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined on the first‑in first‑out (FIFO) method. Inventory that is not expected to be converted to cash over the next year is classified as non-current. Our policy is to reserve for our drug product inventory that we determine is unlikely to be sold to, or if sold, unlikely to be utilized by our customers on or before its expiration date. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and are depreciated using the straight‑line method over the useful lives of the assets, which range from three to ten years . Expenditures for routine maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight‑line method over the shorter of the useful lives or the related lease term. Impairment of Long-lived Assets Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment losses on long-lived assets, such as real estate and equipment, are recognized when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by such assets are less than their carrying value and, accordingly, all or a portion of such carrying value may not be recoverable. Impairment losses are then measured by comparing the fair value of assets to their carrying amounts. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 , there were no impairments of long-lived assets. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill is the excess of purchase price over the fair value of identified net assets of businesses acquired. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are measured at their respective fair values as of the acquisition date. We do not amortize goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. We review goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets at least annually for possible impairment. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for possible impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit or the indefinite-lived intangible assets below their carrying values. Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for potential impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Definite-lived intangible assets consist of our license fees related to the technology, intellectual property and marketing rights for Triferic covered under certain issued patents have been capitalized and are being amortized over the life of the related patents which is generally 17 years . Deferred Revenue In October of 2014, the Company entered into a 10 year distribution agreement with Baxter and received an upfront fee of $20 million . The upfront fee was recorded as deferred revenue and is being recognized based on the proportion of product shipments to Baxter in each period, compared with total expected sales volume over the term of the Distribution Agreement. The Company recognized revenue of approximately $2.1 million during each of years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. Deferred revenue related to the Baxter agreement totaled $9.1 million and $11.1 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. If a “Refund Trigger Event” occurs, we would be obligated to repay a portion of the upfront fee and any paid portion of the facility fee. In the event of a Refund Trigger Event occurring from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021, Baxter would be eligible for a 25% refund of the Agreement’s Upfront Payment. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company entered into a distribution agreement with Wanbang and received an upfront fee of $4.0 million . The upfront fee was recorded as deferred revenue and is being recognized as revenue based on the agreement term. The Company recognized revenue of approximately $0.3 million during each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 . Deferred revenue related to the Wanbang agreement totaled $2.9 million and $3.2 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. Income Taxes We account for income taxes in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740‑10, Income Taxes. A current tax liability or asset is recognized for the estimated taxes payable or refundable on tax returns for the year. Deferred tax liabilities or assets are recognized for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between book and tax accounting and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets if we determine it to be more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The effects of tax positions are generally recognized in the financial statements consistent with amounts reflected in returns filed, or expected to be filed, with taxing authorities. For tax positions that the Company considers to be uncertain, current and deferred tax liabilities are recognized, or assets derecognized, when it is probable that an income tax liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability is reasonably estimable, or when it is probable that a tax benefit, such as a tax credit or loss carryforward, will be disallowed by a taxing authority. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits related to current tax positions is insignificant. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. Research and Product Development The Company recognizes research and product development expenses as incurred. The Company incurred product development and research costs related to the commercial development, patent approval and regulatory approval of new products aggregating approximately $6.9 million and $5.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2018 , an additional $1.1 million was expensed related to our product license agreement for exclusive worldwide rights to certain patents and information related to our Triferic product. Stock-Based Compensation Service-Based Stock Unit Awards The Company expenses stock-based compensation to employees over the requisite service period based on the estimated grant-date fair value of the awards. For stock-based compensation awards to non-employees, the Company re-measures the fair value of the non-employee awards at each reporting period prior to vesting and finally at the vesting date of the award. Changes in the estimated fair value of these non-employee awards are recognized as compensation expense in the period of change. The Company estimates the fair value of stock option grants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and the assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based awards represent management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 , the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense on its options granted under the Company’s equity compensation plans to its directors and officers, and its employees (See Note 13). Market and Performance-Based Stock Unit Awards In addition to awards with service-based vesting conditions, the Company has granted performance share units with market and performance conditions, to certain of its executives. The fair value of awards with performance conditions are based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of awards with market conditions are based on a Monte Carlo simulation model. Assumptions and estimates utilized in the calculation of the fair value of the market awards include the risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, average closing price, expected volatility based on the historical volatility of the Company, and the remaining period of the award. The awards with performance conditions vest and result in issuance, at settlement, of common stock for each recipient based upon the recipient’s continued employment with the Company through the settlement date of the award and the Company’s achievement of specified milestones. The requisite service period of the awards with performance conditions is generally 1 - 2 years . In the case of awards with performance conditions, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense based on the grant date fair value of the award when achievement of the underlying performance-based targets become probable. The awards with market conditions vest and result in the issuance of common stock based upon the recipient’s continuing employment with the Company through the settlement date of the award related to the market capitalization criteria. The fair value related to the awards with market conditions is recorded as stock-based compensation expense over the period from date of grant to the settlement date regardless of whether the market capitalization is achieved. Commitments and Contingencies In the normal course of business, the Company may become subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, including government investigations. An accrual for a loss contingency is recognized when it is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability had been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company expenses legal costs associated with loss contingencies as they are incurred. Loss Per Share ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, requires dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”), with a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation. Basic EPS excludes dilution. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issued common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that are then shared in the earnings of the entity. Basic net loss per share of common stock excludes dilution and is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share of common stock reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that are then shared in the earnings of the entity unless inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive. The Company has only incurred losses, therefore, basic and diluted net loss per share is the same. Securities that could potentially dilute loss per share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows: As of December 31, 2019 2018 Options to purchase common stock 8,598,149 8,244,605 Unvested restricted stock awards 146,800 146,800 Unvested restricted stock units 1,452,744 1,461,917 Warrants to purchase common stock 2,770,781 2,770,781 12,968,474 12,624,103 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) includes all changes in equity during a period except those that resulted from investments by or distributions to the Company’s stockholders. Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) refers to revenues, expenses, gains and losses that are included in comprehensive income (loss), but excluded from net income (loss) as these amounts are recorded directly as an adjustment to stockholders’ equity. Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consists of unrealized gains and losses on available‑for‑sale investment securities and foreign currency translation adjustments. Adoption of Recent Accounting Pronouncements The Company continually assesses any new accounting pronouncements to determine their applicability. When it is determined that a new accounting pronouncement affects the Company’s financial reporting, the Company undertakes a study to determine the consequences of the change to its consolidated financial statements and assures that there are proper controls in place to ascertain that the Company’s consolidated financial statements properly reflect the change. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) in order to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by, and among other provisions, recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases classified as operating leases under previous U.S. GAAP. For public companies, ASU 2016-2 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (including interim periods within those periods) using a modified retrospective approach and early adoption is permitted. In transition, entities may also elect a package of practical expedients that must be applied in its entirety to all leases commencing before the adoption date, unless the lease is modified, and permits entities to not reassess (a) the existence of a lease, (b) lease classification or (c) determination of initial direct costs, as of the adoption date, which effectively allows entities to carryforward accounting conclusions under previous U.S. GAAP. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) : Targeted Improvements , which provides entities an optional transition method to apply the guidance under Topic 842 as of the adoption date, rather than as of the earliest period presented. The Company adopted Topic 842 on January 1, 2019, using the optional transition method to apply the new guidance as of January 1, 2019, rather than as of the earliest period presented, and elected the package of practical expedients described above. The Company adopted this new standard on January 1, 2019 and recognized, on the Company's consolidated balance sheet, additional operating liabilities of $3.5 million , with corresponding ROU assets of approximately the same amount as of January 1, 2019 based on the present value of the remaining lease payments. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-17, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies the accounting for share-based payments granted to nonemployees for goods and services. Under ASU 2018-17, most of the guidance on such payments to nonemployees would be aligned with the requirements for share-based payments granted to employees. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than an entity’s adoption of Topic 606. The Company adopted this new standard on January 1, 2019 and the adoption did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In August 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-10532, “Disclosure Update and Simplification,” amending certain disclosure requirements that were redundant, duplicative, overlapping, outdated or superseded. In addition, the amendments expanded the disclosure requirements on the analysis of stockholders’ equity presented in the balance sheet must be provide in a note or separate statement. The analysis should represent a reconciliation of the beginning balance to the ending balance for each period for which a statement of comprehensive income is required to be filed. This final rule is effective on November 5, 2018. The Company implemented this change on the Company's Form 10Q filed May 10, 2019 and the adoption did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. |
