ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES | 7. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level sufficient to provide for estimated loan losses based on evaluating known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio. The allowance is provided based upon management’s ongoing quarterly assessment of the pertinent factors underlying the quality of the loan portfolio. These factors include changes in the size and composition of the loan portfolio, delinquency levels, actual loan loss experience, current economic conditions and a detailed analysis of individual loans for which full collectability may not be assured. The detailed analysis includes techniques to estimate the fair value of loan collateral and the existence of potential alternative sources of repayment. The allowance consists of specific, general and unallocated components. The specific component relates to loans that are considered impaired. For loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows or collateral value (less estimated selling costs, if applicable) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers non-impaired loans based on the Company’s risk rating system and historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. The Company calculates its historical loss rates using the average of the last four quarterly 24-month periods. The Company calculates and applies its historical loss rates by individual loan types in its loan portfolio. These historical loss rates are adjusted for qualitative and environmental factors. An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that the Company believes have resulted in incurred losses that have not yet been allocated to specific elements of the general and specific components of the allowance for loan losses. Such factors include uncertainties in economic conditions, uncertainties in identifying triggering events that directly correlate to subsequent loss rates, changes in appraised value of underlying collateral, risk factors that have not yet manifested themselves in loss allocation factors and historical loss experience data that may not precisely correspond to the current loan portfolio or economic conditions. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the loan portfolio. The appropriate allowance level is estimated based upon factors and trends identified by the Company as of the date of the filing of the consolidated financial statements. When available information confirms that specific loans or portions thereof are uncollectible, identified amounts are charged against the allowance for loan losses. The existence of some or all of the following criteria will generally confirm that a loss has been incurred: the loan is significantly delinquent and the borrower has not demonstrated the ability or intent to bring the loan current; the Company has no recourse to the borrower, or if it does, the borrower has insufficient assets to pay the debt; and/or the estimated fair value of the loan collateral is significantly below the current loan balance, and there is little or no near-term prospect for improvement. Management’s evaluation of the allowance for loan losses is based on ongoing, quarterly assessments of the known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio. Loss factors are based on the Company’s historical loss experience with additional consideration and adjustments made for changes in economic conditions, changes in the amount and composition of the loan portfolio, delinquency rates, changes in collateral values, seasoning of the loan portfolio, duration of the current business cycle, a detailed analysis of impaired loans and other factors as deemed appropriate. These factors are evaluated on a quarterly basis. Loss rates used by the Company are affected as changes in these factors increase or decrease from quarter to quarter. In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses and may require the Company to make additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examinations. The following tables present a reconciliation of the allowance for loan losses for the periods indicated (in thousands): Three months ended Commercial Commercial Multi- Real Estate December 31, 2020 Business Real Estate Land Family Construction Consumer Unallocated Total Beginning balance $ 2,180 $ 13,209 $ 245 $ 745 $ 720 $ 1,155 $ 612 $ 18,866 Provision for (recapture of) loan losses 286 181 (43) (121) (198) (137) 32 — Charge-offs — — — — — (15) — (15) Recoveries — 332 — — — 9 — 341 Ending balance $ 2,466 13,722 202 624 522 1,012 644 19,192 Nine months ended December 31, 2020 Beginning balance $ 2,008 $ 6,421 $ 230 $ 854 $ 1,149 $ 1,363 $ 599 $ 12,624 Provision for (recapture of) loan losses 448 6,969 (28) (230) (627) (277) 45 6,300 Charge-offs — — — — — (103) — (103) Recoveries 10 332 — — — 29 — 371 Ending balance $ 2,466 13,722 202 624 522 1,012 644 19,192 Three months ended December 31, 2019 Beginning balance $ 2,051 $ 5,038 $ 219 $ 779 $ 1,381 $ 1,347 $ 621 $ 11,436 Provision for (recapture of) loan losses — (20) 16 (14) 86 (76) 8 — Charge-offs — — — — — (13) — (13) Recoveries — — — — — 10 — 10 Ending balance $ 2,051 $ 5,018 $ 235 $ 765 $ 1,467 $ 1,268 $ 629 $ 11,433 Nine months ended December 31, 2019 Beginning balance $ 1,808 $ 5,053 $ 254 $ 728 $ 1,457 $ 1,447 $ 710 $ 11,457 Provision for (recapture of) loan losses 246 (35) (19) 37 10 (158) (81) — Charge-offs (3) — — — — (67) — (70) Recoveries — — — — — 46 — 46 Ending balance $ 2,051 $ 5,018 $ 235 $ 765 $ 1,467 $ 1,268 $ 629 $ 11,433 The following tables present an analysis of loans receivable and the allowance for loan losses, based on impairment methodology, at the dates indicated (in thousands): Allowance for Loan Losses Recorded Investment in Loans Individually Collectively Individually Collectively Evaluated for Evaluated for Evaluated for Evaluated for December 31, 2020 Impairment Impairment Total Impairment Impairment Total Commercial business $ — $ 2,466 $ 2,466 $ 125 $ 252,562 $ 252,687 Commercial real estate — 13,722 13,722 1,483 539,934 541,417 Land — 202 202 714 11,412 12,126 Multi-family — 624 624 1,157 41,009 42,166 Real estate construction — 522 522 — 16,922 16,922 Consumer 13 999 1,012 539 65,611 66,150 Unallocated — 644 644 — — — Total $ 13 $ 19,179 $ 19,192 $ 4,018 $ 927,450 $ 931,468 March 31, 2020 Commercial business $ — $ 2,008 $ 2,008 $ 139 $ 178,890 $ 179,029 Commercial real estate — 6,421 6,421 2,378 505,493 507,871 Land — 230 230 714 13,312 14,026 Multi-family — 854 854 1,549 56,825 58,374 Real estate construction — 1,149 1,149 — 64,843 64,843 Consumer 12 1,351 1,363 432 86,934 87,366 Unallocated — 599 599 — — — Total $ 12 $ 12,612 $ 12,624 $ 5,212 $ 906,297 $ 911,509 Non-accrual loans: Loans are reviewed regularly and it is the Company’s general policy that a loan is past due when it is 30 to 89 days delinquent. In general, when a loan is 90 days delinquent or when collection of principal or interest appears doubtful, it is placed on non-accrual status, at which time the accrual of interest ceases and a reserve for unrecoverable accrued interest is established and charged against operations. As a general practice, payments received on non-accrual loans are applied to reduce the outstanding principal balance on a cost recovery method. Also, as a general practice, a loan is not removed from non-accrual status until all delinquent principal, interest and late fees have been brought current and the borrower has demonstrated a history of performance based upon the contractual terms of the note. A history of repayment performance generally would be a minimum of nine months. Interest income foregone on non-accrual loans was $42,000 and $57,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The following tables present an analysis of loans by aging category at the dates indicated (in thousands): 90 Days and Total Past 30‑89 Days Greater Due and Total Loans December 31, 2020 Past Due Past Due Non-accrual Non- accrual Current Receivable Commercial business $ 31 $ — $ 187 $ 218 $ 252,469 $ 252,687 Commercial real estate — — 149 149 541,268 541,417 Land — — — — 12,126 12,126 Multi-family — — — — 42,166 42,166 Real estate construction — — — — 16,922 16,922 Consumer 297 — 57 354 65,796 66,150 Total $ 328 $ — $ 393 $ 721 $ 930,747 $ 931,468 March 31, 2020 Commercial business $ — $ — $ 201 $ 201 $ 178,828 $ 179,029 Commercial real estate — — 1,014 1,014 506,857 507,871 Land — — — — 14,026 14,026 Multi-family — — — — 58,374 58,374 Real estate construction — — — — 64,843 64,843 Consumer 271 — 180 451 86,915 87,366 Total $ 271 $ — $ 1,395 $ 1,666 $ 909,843 $ 911,509 Credit quality indicators: The Company monitors credit risk in its loan portfolio using a risk rating system (on a scale of one to nine) for all commercial (non-consumer) loans. The risk rating system is a measure of the credit risk of the borrower based on their historical, current and anticipated future financial characteristics. The Company assigns a risk rating to each commercial loan at origination and subsequently updates these ratings, as necessary, so that the risk rating continues to reflect the appropriate risk characteristics of the loan. Application of appropriate risk ratings is key to management of loan portfolio risk. In determining the appropriate risk rating, the Company considers the following factors: delinquency, payment history, quality of management, liquidity, leverage, earnings trends, alternative funding sources, geographic risk, industry risk, cash flow adequacy, account practices, asset protection and extraordinary risks. Consumer loans, including custom construction loans, are not assigned a risk rating but rather are grouped into homogeneous pools with similar risk characteristics. When a consumer loan is delinquent 90 days, it is placed on non-accrual status and assigned a substandard risk rating. Loss factors are assigned to each risk rating and homogeneous pool based on historical loss experience for similar loans. This historical loss experience is adjusted for qualitative factors that are likely to cause the estimated credit losses to differ from the Company’s historical loss experience. The Company uses these loss factors to estimate the general component of its allowance for loan losses. Pass – These loans have a risk rating between 1 and 4 and are to borrowers that meet normal credit standards. Any deficiencies in satisfactory asset quality, liquidity, debt servicing capacity and coverage are offset by strengths in other areas. The borrower currently has the capacity to perform according to the loan terms. Any concerns about risk factors such as stability of margins, stability of cash flows, liquidity, dependence on a single product/supplier/customer, depth of management, etc. are offset by strengths in other areas. Typically, these loans are secured by the operating assets of the borrower and/or real estate. The borrower’s management is considered competent. The borrower has the ability to repay the debt in the normal course of business. Watch – These loans have a risk rating of 5 and are included in the “pass” rating. However, there would typically be some reason for additional management oversight, such as the borrower’s recent financial setbacks and/or deteriorating financial position, industry concerns and failure to perform on other borrowing obligations. Loans with this rating are monitored closely in an effort to correct deficiencies. Special mention – These loans have a risk rating of 6 and are rated in accordance with regulatory guidelines. These loans have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or in the credit position at some future date. These loans pose elevated risk but their weakness does not yet justify a “substandard” classification. Substandard – These loans have a risk rating of 7 and are rated in accordance with regulatory guidelines, for which the accrual of interest may or may not be discontinued. By definition under regulatory guidelines, a “substandard” loan has defined weaknesses which make payment default or principal exposure likely but not yet certain. Repayment of such loans is likely to be dependent upon collateral liquidation, a secondary source of repayment, or an event outside of the normal course of business. Doubtful – These loans have a risk rating of 8 and are rated in accordance with regulatory guidelines. Such loans are placed on non-accrual status and repayment may be dependent upon collateral which has value that is difficult to determine or upon some near-term event which lacks certainty. Loss – These loans have a risk rating of 9 and are rated in accordance with regulatory guidelines. Such loans are charged-off or charged-down when payment is acknowledged to be uncertain or when the timing or value of payments cannot be determined. “Loss” is not intended to imply that the loan or some portion of it will never be paid, nor does it in any way imply that there has been a forgiveness of debt. The following tables present an analysis of loans by credit quality indicators at the dates indicated (in thousands): Special Total Loans December 31, 2020 Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Receivable Commercial business $ 251,761 $ 739 $ 187 $ — $ — $ 252,687 Commercial real estate 494,631 43,072 3,714 — — 541,417 Land 12,126 — — — — 12,126 Multi-family 42,093 49 24 — — 42,166 Real estate construction 14,301 2,621 — — — 16,922 Consumer 66,093 — 57 — — 66,150 Total $ 881,005 $ 46,481 $ 3,982 $ — $ — $ 931,468 March 31, 2020 Commercial business $ 177,399 $ 1,282 $ 348 $ — $ — $ 179,029 Commercial real estate 506,794 63 1,014 — — 507,871 Land 14,026 — — — — 14,026 Multi-family 58,295 45 34 — — 58,374 Real estate construction 64,843 — — — — 64,843 Consumer 87,186 — 180 — — 87,366 Total $ 908,543 $ 1,390 $ 1,576 $ — $ — $ 911,509 Impaired loans and troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”): A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due (principal and interest) according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Typically, factors used in determining if a loan is impaired include, but are not limited to, whether the loan is 90 days or more delinquent, internally designated as substandard or worse, on non-accrual status or represents a TDR. The majority of the Company’s impaired loans are considered collateral dependent. When a loan is considered collateral dependent, impairment is measured using the estimated value of the underlying collateral, less any prior liens, and when applicable, less estimated selling costs. For impaired loans that are not collateral dependent, impairment is measured using the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate. When the estimated net realizable value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (including accrued interest, net deferred loan fees or costs, and unamortized premium or discount), an impairment is recognized by adjusting an allocation of the allowance for loan losses. Subsequent to the initial allocation of allowance to the individual loan, the Company may conclude that it is appropriate to record a charge-off of the impaired portion of the loan. When a charge-off is recorded, the loan balance is reduced and the specific allowance is eliminated. Generally, when a collateral dependent loan is initially measured for impairment and has not had an appraisal of the collateral in the last nine months, the Company obtains an updated market valuation. Subsequently, the Company generally obtains an updated market valuation of the collateral on an annual basis. The collateral valuation may occur more frequently if the Company determines that there is an indication that the market value may have declined. The following tables present the total and average recorded investment in impaired loans at the dates and for the periods indicated (in thousands): Recorded Investment Recorded with Investment Related No Specific with Specific Total Unpaid Specific Valuation Valuation Recorded Principal Valuation Allowance Allowance Investment Balance Allowance December 31, 2020 Commercial business $ 125 $ — $ 125 $ 161 $ — Commercial real estate 1,483 — 1,483 1,578 — Land 714 — 714 745 — Multi-family 1,157 — 1,157 1,257 — Consumer 283 256 539 656 13 Total $ 3,762 $ 256 $ 4,018 $ 4,397 $ 13 March 31, 2020 Commercial business $ 139 $ — $ 139 $ 170 $ — Commercial real estate 2,378 — 2,378 3,405 — Land 714 — 714 748 — Multi-family 1,549 — 1,549 1,662 — Consumer 295 137 432 543 12 Total $ 5,075 $ 137 $ 5,212 $ 6,528 $ 12 Three months ended Three months ended December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Recognized on Recorded Recognized on Investment Impaired Loans Investment Impaired Loans Commercial business $ 127 $ — $ 147 $ — Commercial real estate 1,916 15 2,401 16 Land 714 10 718 10 Multi-family 1,355 21 1,567 22 Consumer 542 8 443 7 Total $ 4,654 $ 54 $ 5,276 $ 55 Nine months ended Nine months ended December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Recognized on Recorded Recognized on Investment Impaired Loans Investment Impaired Loans Commercial business $ 132 $ — $ 152 $ — Commercial real estate 2,143 46 2,431 47 Land 714 30 722 30 Multi-family 1,453 65 1,579 68 Consumer 485 23 509 21 Total $ 4,927 $ 164 $ 5,393 $ 166 The cash basis interest income on impaired loans was not materially different than the interest recognized on impaired loans as shown in the above tables. TDRs are loans for which the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial condition, has granted a concession to the borrower that it would otherwise not consider. A TDR typically involves a modification of terms such as a reduction of the stated interest rate or face amount of the loan, a reduction of accrued interest, and/or an extension of the maturity date(s) at a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for a new loan with similar risk. TDRs are considered impaired loans and as such, impairment is measured as described for impaired loans above. The following table presents TDRs by interest accrual status at the dates indicated (in thousands): December 31, 2020 March 31, 2020 Accrual Nonaccrual Total Accrual Nonaccrual Total Commercial business $ — $ 125 $ 125 $ — $ 139 $ 139 Commercial real estate 1,334 149 1,483 1,364 1,014 2,378 Land 714 — 714 714 — 714 Multi-family 1,157 — 1,157 1,549 — 1,549 Consumer 539 — 539 432 — 432 Total $ 3,744 $ 274 $ 4,018 $ 4,059 $ 1,153 $ 5,212 At December 31, 2020, the Company had no commitments to lend additional funds on TDR loans. At December 31, 2020, all of the Company’s TDRs were paying as agreed. There were no new TDRs for the three months ended December 31, 2020. There was one new TDR for the nine months ended December 31, 2020. The new TDR is a consumer real estate loan secured by a one-to-four family property located in Northwest Oregon whereby the Company granted a three month payment deferral which extended the maturity date by three months. The recorded investment in the loan prior to modification and at December 31, 2020 was $129,000. There were no new TDRs for the three months ended December 31, 2019. There was one new TDR for the nine months ended December 31, 2019. This TDR is a consumer real estate loan secured by a one-to-four family property located in Southwest Washington, whereby the Company granted a rate reduction to market interest rates and extended the maturity date by 10 years. The recorded investment in the loan prior to modification and at December 31, 2019 was $27,000 and $25,000, respectively. In March 2020, the Company began offering short-term loan modifications to assist borrowers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act, CAA 2021 and related regulatory guidance provides that a short-term modification made in response to COVID-19 and which meets certain criteria does not need to be accounted for as a TDR. This includes short-term (e.g. nine months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. Accordingly, the Company does not account for such loan modifications as TDRs. For additional information on these loan modifications, see Note 12 – New Accounting Pronouncements and “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations- Recent Developments Related to COVID-19-Loan Modifications.” In accordance with the Company’s policy guidelines, unsecured loans are generally charged-off when no payments have been received for three consecutive months unless an alternative action plan is in effect. Consumer installment loans delinquent nine months or more that have not received at least 75% of their required monthly payment in the last 90 days are charged-off. In addition, loans discharged in bankruptcy proceedings are charged-off. Loans under bankruptcy protection with no payments received for four consecutive months are charged-off. The outstanding balance of a secured loan that is in excess of the net realizable value is generally charged-off if no payments are received for four to five consecutive months. However, charge-offs are postponed if alternative proposals to restructure, obtain additional guarantors, obtain additional assets as collateral or a potential sale of the underlying collateral would result in full repayment of the outstanding loan balance. Once any other potential sources of repayment are exhausted, the impaired portion of the loan is charged-off. Regardless of whether a loan is unsecured or collateralized, once an amount is determined to be a confirmed loan loss it is promptly charged off. |