ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES | 7. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level sufficient to provide for estimated probable loan losses based on evaluating known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio. The allowance is provided based upon management’s ongoing quarterly assessment of the pertinent factors underlying the quality of the loan portfolio. These factors include changes in the size and composition of the loan portfolio, delinquency levels, actual loan loss experience, current economic conditions and a detailed analysis of individual loans for which full collectability may not be assured. The detailed analysis includes techniques to estimate the fair value of loan collateral and the existence of potential alternative sources of repayment. The allowance consists of specific, general and unallocated components. The specific component relates to loans that are considered impaired. For loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows or collateral value (less estimated selling costs, if applicable) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers non-impaired loans based on the Company’s risk rating system and historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. The Company calculates its historical loss rates using the average of the last four quarterly 24-month periods. The Company calculates and applies its historical loss rates by individual loan types in its loan portfolio. These historical loss rates are adjusted for qualitative and environmental factors. An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that the Company believes have resulted in incurred losses that have not yet been allocated to specific elements of the general and specific components of the allowance for loan losses. Such factors include uncertainties in economic conditions, uncertainties in identifying triggering events that directly correlate to subsequent loss rates, changes in appraised value of underlying collateral, risk factors that have not yet manifested themselves in loss allocation factors and historical loss experience data that may not precisely correspond to the current loan portfolio or economic conditions. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the loan portfolio. The appropriate allowance level is estimated based upon factors and trends identified by the Company as of the date of the filing of the consolidated financial statements. When available information confirms that specific loans or portions thereof are uncollectible, identified amounts are charged against the allowance for loan losses. The existence of some or all of the following criteria will generally confirm that a loss has been incurred: the loan is significantly delinquent and the borrower has not demonstrated the ability or intent to bring the loan current; the Company has no recourse to the borrower, or if it does, the borrower has insufficient assets to pay the debt; and/or the estimated fair value of the loan collateral is significantly below the current loan balance, and there is little or no near-term prospect for improvement. Management’s evaluation of the allowance for loan losses is based on ongoing, quarterly assessments of the known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio. Loss factors are based on the Company’s historical loss experience with additional consideration and adjustments made for changes in economic conditions, changes in the amount and composition of the loan portfolio, delinquency rates, changes in collateral values, seasoning of the loan portfolio, duration of the current business cycle, a detailed analysis of impaired loans and other factors as deemed appropriate. These factors are evaluated on a quarterly basis. Loss rates used by the Company are affected as changes in these factors increase or decrease from quarter to quarter. In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses and may require the Company to make additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examinations. The following tables present a reconciliation of the allowance for loan losses for the periods indicated (in thousands): Three months ended Commercial Commercial Multi- Real Estate September 30, 2022 Business Real Estate Land Family Construction Consumer Unallocated Total Beginning balance $ 2,495 $ 8,542 $ 149 $ 862 $ 518 $ 1,236 $ 757 $ 14,559 Provision for (recapture of) loan losses 294 (312) (25) (6) 120 (4) (67) — Charge-offs — — — — — (10) — (10) Recoveries — — — — — 3 — 3 Ending balance $ 2,789 $ 8,230 $ 124 $ 856 $ 638 $ 1,225 $ 690 $ 14,552 Six months ended September 30, 2022 Beginning balance $ 2,422 $ 9,037 $ 168 $ 845 $ 393 $ 943 $ 715 $ 14,523 Provision for (recapture of) loan losses 367 (807) (44) 11 245 253 (25) — Charge-offs — — — — — (16) — (16) Recoveries — — — — — 45 — 45 Ending balance $ 2,789 $ 8,230 $ 124 $ 856 $ 638 $ 1,225 $ 690 $ 14,552 Three months ended September 30, 2021 Beginning balance $ 2,202 $ 12,942 $ 237 $ 607 $ 197 $ 712 $ 693 $ 17,590 Provision for (recapture of) loan losses 59 (1,147) (5) (77) 34 119 (83) (1,100) Charge-offs — — — — — (4) — (4) Recoveries — — — — — 14 — 14 Ending balance $ 2,261 $ 11,795 $ 232 $ 530 $ 231 $ 841 $ 610 $ 16,500 Six months ended September 30, 2021 Beginning balance $ 2,416 $ 14,089 $ 233 $ 638 $ 294 $ 852 $ 656 $ 19,178 Provision for (recapture of) loan losses (155) (2,294) (1) (108) (63) (33) (46) (2,700) Charge-offs — — — — — (13) — (13) Recoveries — — — — — 35 — 35 Ending balance $ 2,261 $ 11,795 $ 232 $ 530 $ 231 $ 841 $ 610 $ 16,500 The following tables present an analysis of loans receivable and the allowance for loan losses, based on impairment methodology, at the dates indicated (in thousands): Allowance for Loan Losses Recorded Investment in Loans Individually Collectively Individually Collectively Evaluated Evaluated Evaluated Evaluated for for for for September 30, 2022 Impairment Impairment Total Impairment Impairment Total Commercial business $ — $ 2,789 $ 2,789 $ 90 $ 236,227 $ 236,317 Commercial real estate — 8,230 8,230 111 564,470 564,581 Land — 124 124 — 8,208 8,208 Multi-family — 856 856 — 58,367 58,367 Real estate construction — 638 638 — 37,758 37,758 Consumer 6 1,219 1,225 476 105,301 105,777 Unallocated — 690 690 — — — Total $ 6 $ 14,546 $ 14,552 $ 677 $ 1,010,331 $ 1,011,008 March 31, 2022 Commercial business $ — $ 2,422 $ 2,422 $ 100 $ 227,991 $ 228,091 Commercial real estate — 9,037 9,037 122 582,715 582,837 Land — 168 168 — 11,556 11,556 Multi-family — 845 845 — 60,211 60,211 Real estate construction — 393 393 — 24,160 24,160 Consumer 8 935 943 495 83,058 83,553 Unallocated — 715 715 — — — Total $ 8 $ 14,515 $ 14,523 $ 717 $ 989,691 $ 990,408 Non-accrual loans: The following tables present an analysis of loans by aging category at the dates indicated (in thousands): Total 90 Days Past and Due and Total 30-89 Days Greater Non- Loans September 30, 2022 Past Due Past Due Non-accrual accrual Current Receivable Commercial business $ 429 $ 20,713 $ 108 $ 21,250 $ 215,067 $ 236,317 Commercial real estate — — 111 111 564,470 564,581 Land — — — — 8,208 8,208 Multi-family — — — — 58,367 58,367 Real estate construction — — — — 37,758 37,758 Consumer 14 — 47 61 105,716 105,777 Total $ 443 $ 20,713 $ 266 $ 21,422 $ 989,586 $ 1,011,008 March 31, 2022 Commercial business $ 7,753 $ 21,808 $ 118 $ 29,679 $ 198,412 $ 228,091 Commercial real estate — — 122 122 582,715 582,837 Land — — — — 11,556 11,556 Multi-family — — — — 60,211 60,211 Real estate construction 291 — — 291 23,869 24,160 Consumer 9 — 51 60 83,493 83,553 Total $ 8,053 $ 21,808 $ 291 $ 30,152 $ 960,256 $ 990,408 Included in the 30-89 days past due and 90 days and greater past due loans at September 30, 2022 are $20.7 million of fully guaranteed SBA or United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) loans due to a delay in the servicing transfer of these loans between two third-party servicers. These government guaranteed loans are classified as pass rated loans and are not considered to be either nonaccrual, classified or impaired loans because based on the guarantee, the Company expects to receive all principal and interest according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement and there are no well-defined weaknesses or risk of loss. For additional information, see Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Comparison of Financial Condition at September 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022 – Asset Quality, discussed below. As a result, these loans were omitted from the required calculation of the allowance for loan losses. Interest income foregone on non-accrual loans was $7,000 and $24,000 for the six months ended September 30, 2022 and the year ended March 31, 2022, respectively. Credit quality indicators: Pass such as stability of margins, stability of cash flows, liquidity, dependence on a single product/supplier/customer, depth of management, etc. are offset by strengths in other areas. Typically, these loans are secured by the operating assets of the borrower and/or real estate. The borrower’s management is considered competent. The borrower has the ability to repay the debt in the normal course of business. Watch Special mention Substandard Doubtful Loss The following tables present an analysis of loans by credit quality indicators at the dates indicated (in thousands): Total Special Loans September 30, 2022 Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Receivable Commercial business $ 235,683 $ 157 $ 477 $ — $ — $ 236,317 Commercial real estate 557,788 677 6,116 — — 564,581 Land 8,208 — — — — 8,208 Multi-family 58,221 146 — — — 58,367 Real estate construction 37,758 — — — — 37,758 Consumer 105,730 — 47 — — 105,777 Total $ 1,003,388 $ 980 $ 6,640 $ — $ — $ 1,011,008 March 31, 2022 Commercial business $ 227,435 $ 511 $ 145 $ — $ — $ 228,091 Commercial real estate 569,417 7,211 6,209 — — 582,837 Land 11,556 — — — — 11,556 Multi-family 60,138 73 — — — 60,211 Real estate construction 24,160 — — — — 24,160 Consumer 83,502 — 51 — — 83,553 Total $ 976,208 $ 7,795 $ 6,405 $ — $ — $ 990,408 Impaired loans and troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”): loan is 90 days or more delinquent, internally designated as substandard or worse, on non-accrual status or represents a TDR. The majority of the Company’s impaired loans are considered collateral dependent. When a loan is considered collateral dependent, impairment is measured using the estimated value of the underlying collateral, less any prior liens, and when applicable, less estimated selling costs. For impaired loans that are not collateral dependent, impairment is measured using the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate. When the estimated net realizable value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (including accrued interest, net deferred loan fees or costs, and unamortized premium or discount), an impairment is recognized by adjusting an allocation of the allowance for loan losses. Subsequent to the initial allocation of allowance to the individual loan, the Company may conclude that it is appropriate to record a charge-off of the impaired portion of the loan. When a charge-off is recorded, the loan balance is reduced and the specific allowance is eliminated. Generally, when a collateral dependent loan is initially measured for impairment and has not had an appraisal of the collateral in the last six months, the Company obtains an updated market valuation. Subsequently, the Company generally obtains an updated market valuation of the collateral on an annual basis. The collateral valuation may occur more frequently if the Company determines that there is an indication that the market value may have declined. The following tables present the total and average recorded investment in impaired loans at the dates and for the periods indicated (in thousands): Recorded Recorded Investment Investment with with Related No Specific Specific Total Unpaid Specific Valuation Valuation Recorded Principal Valuation September 30, 2022 Allowance Allowance Investment Balance Allowance Commercial business $ 90 $ — $ 90 $ 135 $ — Commercial real estate 111 — 111 171 — Consumer 375 101 476 580 6 Total $ 576 $ 101 $ 677 $ 886 $ 6 March 31, 2022 Commercial business $ 100 $ — $ 100 $ 143 $ — Commercial real estate 122 — 122 178 — Consumer 259 236 495 603 8 Total $ 481 $ 236 $ 717 $ 924 $ 8 Three months ended Three months ended September 30, 2022 September 30, 2021 Interest Interest Recognized Recognized Average on Average on Recorded Impaired Recorded Impaired Investment Loans Investment Loans Commercial business $ 92 $ — $ 112 $ — Commercial real estate 114 — 793 — Consumer 481 6 518 6 Total $ 687 $ 6 $ 1,423 $ 6 Six months ended Six months ended September 30, 2022 September 30, 2021 Interest Interest Recognized Recognized Average on Average on Recorded Impaired Recorded Impaired Investment Loans Investment Loans Commercial business $ 95 $ — $ 115 $ — Commercial real estate 117 — 1,018 16 Consumer 486 12 522 12 Total $ 698 $ 12 $ 1,655 $ 28 The cash basis interest income on impaired loans was not materially different than the interest recognized on impaired loans as shown in the above tables. TDRs are loans for which the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial condition, has granted a concession to the borrower that it would otherwise not consider. A TDR typically involves a modification of terms such as a reduction of the stated interest rate or face amount of the loan, a reduction of accrued interest, and/or an extension of the maturity date(s) at a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for a new loan with similar risk. TDRs are considered impaired loans and as such, impairment is measured as described for impaired loans above. The following table presents TDRs by interest accrual status at the dates indicated (in thousands): September 30, 2022 March 31, 2022 Accrual Nonaccrual Total Accrual Nonaccrual Total Commercial business $ — $ 90 $ 90 $ — $ 100 $ 100 Commercial real estate — 111 111 — 122 122 Consumer 476 — 476 495 — 495 Total $ 476 $ 201 $ 677 $ 495 $ 222 $ 717 At September 30, 2022, the Company had no commitments to lend additional funds on TDR loans. At September 30, 2022, all of the Company’s TDRs were paying as agreed. There were no new TDRs during both the six months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. In accordance with the Company’s policy guidelines, unsecured loans are generally charged-off when no payments have been received for three consecutive months unless an alternative action plan is in effect. Consumer installment loans delinquent six months or more that have not received at least 75% of their required monthly payment in the last 90 days are charged-off. In addition, loans discharged in bankruptcy proceedings are charged-off. Loans under bankruptcy protection with no payments received for four consecutive months are charged-off. The outstanding balance of a secured loan that is in excess of the net realizable value is generally charged-off if no payments are received for four to five consecutive months. However, charge-offs are postponed if alternative proposals to restructure, obtain additional guarantors, obtain additional assets as collateral or a potential sale of the underlying collateral would result in full repayment of the outstanding loan balance. Once any other potential sources of repayment are exhausted, the impaired portion of the loan is charged-off. Regardless of whether a loan is unsecured or collateralized, once an amount is determined to be a confirmed loan loss it is promptly charged off. |