Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2015 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Basis of Presentation |
The accompanying interim condensed financial statements are unaudited. These unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance U.S. GAAP (“GAAP”) and following the requirements of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by GAAP can be condensed or omitted. In management’s opinion, the unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial statements and include all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and its results of operations and comprehensive loss and its cash flows for the periods presented. These statements do not include all disclosures required by GAAP and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements and accompanying notes for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014, which is contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on March 23, 2015. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2015, are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year or for any other period. |
Use of Estimates |
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts and disclosures reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The estimation process often may yield a range of potentially reasonable estimates of the ultimate future outcomes, and management must select an amount that falls within that range of reasonable estimates. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. The Company believes significant judgment is involved in estimating stock-based compensation, accrued clinical liabilities, and equity and liability instrument valuations. |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
The Company’s financial instruments during the periods reported consist of cash and cash equivalents, contract receivables, short-term marketable securities, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and warrant liabilities. Fair value estimates of these instruments are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information. These estimates may be subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. |
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value are reported using a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and maximizes the use of unobservable inputs and is as follows: |
Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. |
Level 2—Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. |
Level 3—Inputs that are unobservable for the asset or liability. |
The carrying amounts of financial instruments such as cash and cash equivalents, contract receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate the related fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The carrying value of the facility loan is reflective of the fair value based on market interest rates. |
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| | As of March 31, 2015 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Description | | Level 1 | | | Level 2 | | | Level 3 | | | Fair Value | |
Money market funds | | $ | 9,660 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 9,660 | |
Corporate debt and asset backed securities | | | — | | | | 21,950 | | | | — | | | | 21,950 | |
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Total assets measured at fair value | | $ | 9,660 | | | $ | 21,950 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 31,610 | |
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Warrant liability | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 7,704 | | | $ | 7,704 | |
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Total liabilities measured at fair value | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 7,704 | | | $ | 7,704 | |
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| | As of December 31, 2014 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Description | | Level 1 | | | Level 2 | | | Level 3 | | | Fair Value | |
Money market funds | | $ | 9,941 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 9,941 | |
Corporate debt and asset backed securities | | | — | | | | 23,209 | | | | — | | | | 23,209 | |
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Total assets measured at fair value | | $ | 9,941 | | | $ | 23,209 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 33,150 | |
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Warrant liability | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 13,596 | | | $ | 13,596 | |
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Total liabilities measured at fair value | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 13,596 | | | $ | 13,596 | |
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Marketable securities consist of available-for-sale securities that are reported at fair value, with the related unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The Company values cash equivalents and marketable securities using quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing observable market inputs and, as such, classifies cash equivalents and marketable securities within Level 1 or Level 2. |
The Company holds a Level 3 liability associated with common stock warrants that were issued in connection with the Company’s 2013 financing. The warrants are considered a liability and are valued using an option-pricing model, the inputs for which include the exercise price of the warrants, market price of the underlying common shares, expected term, volatility based on a group of the Company’s peers and the risk-free rate corresponding to the expected term of the warrants. Changes to any of the inputs to the option-pricing models used by the Company can have a significant impact to the estimated fair value of the warrants. |
The following table sets forth an activity summary which includes the changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 financial instruments (in thousands): |
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| | Warrant | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Liability | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance as of December 31, 2014 | | $ | 13,596 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of financial instrument | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in fair value | | | (4,575 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Settlement of financial instrument | | | (1,317 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Balance as of March 31, 2015 | | $ | 7,704 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The gains and losses from remeasurement of Level 3 financial liabilities are recorded through other income (expense), net on the accompanying condensed statements of operations and comprehensive loss. |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities |
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of deposits with commercial banks in checking, interest-bearing, and demand money market accounts. The Company invests excess cash in marketable securities with high credit ratings. These securities consist primarily of corporate debt and asset-backed securities and are classified as “available-for-sale.” Management may liquidate any of these investments in order to meet the Company’s liquidity needs in the next year. Accordingly, any investments with contractual maturities greater than one year from the balance sheet date are classified as short-term in the balance sheet. |
Realized gains and losses from the sale of marketable securities, if any, are calculated using the specific identification method. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary are included in interest income or expense in the statements of operations. Unrealized holding gains and losses are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), in the balance sheet. To date, the Company has not recorded any impairment charges on its marketable securities related to other-than-temporary declines in market value. In determining whether a decline in market value is other-than-temporary, various factors are considered, including the cause, duration of time and severity of the impairment, any adverse changes in the investees’ financial condition, and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for an anticipated recovery in market value. |
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Restricted Cash |
The Company is required to maintain compensating cash balances with financial institutions that provide the Company with its corporate credit cards. As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, cash restricted under these arrangements was $100,000. This amount is presented in other assets on the accompanying condensed balance sheets. |
Concentration of Credit Risk |
Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities consist of financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk to the extent of the fair value recorded in the balance sheet. The Company invests cash that is not required for immediate operating needs primarily in highly liquid instruments that bear minimal risk. The Company has established guidelines relating to the quality, diversification, and maturities of securities to enable the Company to manage its credit risk. |
Property and Equipment |
Property and equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is calculated using the straight-line method, and the cost is amortized over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally three to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful lives or the non-cancelable term of the related lease. Maintenance and repair costs are charged as expense in the statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as incurred. |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets |
The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized if the estimated undiscounted future cash flow expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of an asset is less than the carrying amount. While the Company’s current and historical operating losses and cash flows are indicators of impairment, the Company believes the future cash flows to be received support the carrying value of its long-lived assets. Accordingly, the Company has not recognized any impairment losses as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. |
Deferred Rent |
The Company records its costs under facility operating lease agreements as rent expense. Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable term of the operating lease. The difference between the actual amounts paid and amounts recorded as rent expense is recorded to deferred rent in the balance sheet. |
Common Stock Warrant Liability |
Warrants issued to common stock holders and lenders by the Company in conjunction with the 2013 financing were classified as liabilities in the accompanying condensed balance sheets, as the terms for redemption of the underlying security were outside the Company’s control. The warrants were recorded at fair value using either the Black-Scholes option pricing model, probability weighted expected return model or a binomial model, depending on the characteristics of the warrants. The fair value of these warrants is re-measured at each financial reporting period and immediately before exercise, with any changes in fair value being recognized as a component of other income (expense), net in the accompanying condensed statements of operations and comprehensive loss. |
Research and Development Expenses |
Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred in identifying, developing, and testing product candidates. These expenses consist primarily of costs for research and development personnel (including related stock-based compensation); contract research organizations and other third parties that assist in managing, monitoring, and analyzing clinical trials; investigator and site fees; laboratory services; consultants; contract manufacturing services; non-clinical studies, including materials; and allocated expenses, such as depreciation of assets, and facilities and information technology that support research and development activities. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred, including expenses that may or may not be reimbursed under research and development funding arrangements. |
The expenses related to clinical trials are based upon estimates of the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with multiple research institutions and clinical research organizations (CROs) that conduct and manage clinical trials on behalf of the Company. Expenses related to clinical trials are accrued based upon the level of activity incurred under each contract as indicated by such factors as progress made against specified milestones or targets in each period, patient enrollment levels, and other trial activities as reported by CROs. Accordingly, the Company’s clinical trial accrual is dependent upon the timely and accurate reporting of expenses by clinical research organizations and other third-party vendors. Payments made to third parties under these clinical trial arrangements in advance of the receipt of the related services are recorded as prepaid assets, depending on the terms of the agreement, until the services are rendered. |
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Stock-Based Compensation |
Employee and director stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date, based on the fair-value based measurements of the stock awards, and the portion that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the related vesting periods, net of estimated forfeitures. The Company calculates the fair-value based measurements of options using the Black-Scholes valuation model and recognizes expense using the straight-line attribution method. |
Equity awards granted to non-employees are accounted for using the Black-Scholes valuation model to determine the fair value of such instruments. The fair value of equity awards granted to non-employees are re-measured over the related vesting period and amortized to expense as earned. |
Income Taxes |
The Company utilizes the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that all or part of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. |
The accounting guidance for uncertainty in income taxes prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute criteria for the financial recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based on the technical merits of the position. The Company records interest related to income taxes, if any, as interest, and any penalties would be recorded as other expense in the statements of comprehensive income (loss). There was no interest or penalties related to income taxes recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. |
Comprehensive Loss |
Comprehensive loss includes net loss and net unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities, which are presented in a single continuous statement. Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is disclosed in the condensed balance sheets, and is stated net of related tax effects, if any. |
Net Loss Per Common Share |
Basic net loss per share of common stock is based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding equivalents during the period. Diluted net loss per share of common stock is calculated as the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding adjusted to include the assumed exercises of stock options and warrants, if dilutive. |
The calculation of diluted loss per share also requires that, to the extent the average market price of the underlying shares for the reporting period exceeds the exercise price of the warrants and the presumed exercise of such securities are dilutive to earnings (loss) per share for the period, adjustments to net income or net loss used in the calculation are required to remove the change in fair value of the warrants for the period. Likewise, adjustments to the denominator are required to reflect the related dilutive shares. |
The Company’s computation of loss per share is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts): |
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| | Three Months Ended | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | | | | | | | |
Numerator: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss allocated to common stock-basic | | $ | (2,328 | ) | | $ | (10,062 | ) | | | | | | | | |
Adjustments for revaluation of warrants | | | (4,575 | ) | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
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Net loss allocated to common stock-diluted | | | (6,903 | ) | | | (10,062 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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Denominator: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average number of common stock shares outstanding—basic | | | 15,099,567 | | | | 9,873,687 | | | | | | | | | |
Dilutive Securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common stock warrants | | | 643,600 | | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
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Weighted average number of common stock shares outstanding—diluted | | | 15,743,167 | | | | 9,873,687 | | | | | | | | | |
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Net loss per share-basic: | | $ | (0.15 | ) | | $ | (1.02 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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Net loss per share—diluted | | $ | (0.44 | ) | | $ | (1.02 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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The following table shows the total outstanding securities considered anti-dilutive and therefore excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share. |
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| | Three Months | | | | | | | | | |
| | Ended March 31, | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | | | | | | | |
| | (unaudited) | | | | | | | | | |
Warrants for common stock | | | — | | | | 1,848 | | | | | | | | | |
Common stock options | | | 1,707 | | | | 907 | | | | | | | | | |
Incentive awards | | | 247 | | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | 1,954 | | | | 2,755 | | | | | | | | | |
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