Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates The accompanying consolidated financial statements are comprised of the accounts of CymaBay and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company has no unconsolidated subsidiaries or investments accounted for under the equity method. These consolidated statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP), which requires management to make informed estimates and assumptions that impact the amounts and disclosures reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Accounting estimates and assumptions are inherently uncertain. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The estimation process often may yield a range of potentially reasonable estimates of the ultimate future outcomes, and management must select an amount that falls within that range of reasonable estimates. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates and assumptions. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities when these values are not readily apparent from other sources. Estimates are assessed each reporting period and updated to reflect current information and any changes in estimates will generally be reflected in the period first identified. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments during the periods reported consist of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts payable, certain accrued liabilities, and the development financing liability. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value are reported using a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs and is as follows: Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2—Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3—Inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement and are unobservable (i.e. supported by little market activity), which requires the reporting entity to develop its own valuation techniques and assumptions. The carrying amounts of cash, accounts payable, and certain accrued liabilities approximate their related fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Cash is classified as level 1 and accounts payable and accrued liabilities as level 2 under the fair value hierarchy. The following tables present the Company’s financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the above input categories (in thousands): As of December 31, 2021 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets: Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 85,638 $ — $ — $ 85,638 Total cash equivalents 85,638 — — 85,638 Marketable securities: U.S. and foreign commercial paper — 28,760 — 28,760 U.S. and foreign corporate debt securities — 23,535 — 23,535 Asset-backed securities — 8,522 — 8,522 U.S. treasury securities — 7,979 — 7,979 Total marketable securities — 68,796 — 68,796 Total assets measured at fair value $ 85,638 $ 68,796 $ — $ 154,434 As of December 31, 2020 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 22,415 $ — $ — $ 22,415 Total cash equivalents 22,415 — — 22,415 Marketable securities: U.S. treasury securities — 15,499 — 15,499 U.S. and foreign commercial paper — 38,561 — 38,561 U.S. and foreign corporate debt securities — 29,189 — 29,189 U.S. agency securities — 23,994 — 23,994 Asset-backed securities — 7,885 — 7,885 Supranational debt securities — 3,002 — 3,002 Total marketable securities — 118,130 — 118,130 Total assets measured at fair value $ 22,415 $ 118,130 $ — $ 140,545 The Company estimates the fair value of its money market funds, corporate debt, asset backed securities, commercial paper U.S. treasury and agency securities and supranational debt securities by taking into consideration valuations obtained from third-party pricing services. The pricing services utilize industry standard valuation models, including both income and market-based approaches, for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, to estimate fair value. These inputs include reported trades of and broker/dealer quotes on the same or similar securities, issuer credit spreads; benchmark securities; prepayment/default projections based on historical data; and other observable inputs. The fair value of the Company’s development financing liability is consistent with its carrying value, which is recorded at amortized cost. The development financing liability is classified as level 3 under the fair value hierarchy as its valuation is based on a discounted cash flow model that uses unobservable inputs such as the estimated timing of regulatory approval and attainment of certain sales milestones. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of deposits with commercial banks in checking, interest-bearing, and money market funds. The Company invests excess cash in marketable securities with high credit ratings . “available-for-sale.” Realized gains and losses from the sale of marketable securities, if any, are calculated using the specific-identification method. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary are included in interest income or expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Unrealized holding gains and losses are reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated balance sheets. To date, the Company has not recorded any impairment charges on its marketable securities related to other-than-temporary declines in market value. In determining whether a decline in market value is other-than-temporary, various factors are considered, including the cause, duration of time and severity of the impairment, any adverse changes in the investees’ financial condition, and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for an anticipated recovery in market value. Concentration of Risk Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities consist of financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk to the extent of the fair value recorded on the balance sheet. The Company invests cash that is not required for immediate operating needs primarily in highly liquid instruments that bear minimal risk. The Company has established guidelines relating to the quality, diversification, and maturities of securities to enable the Company to manage its credit risk. The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of a default by the financial institutions holding its cash, cash equivalents and investments and issuers of investments to the extent recorded on the consolidated balance sheets. Certain materials and key components that the Company utilizes in its operations are obtained through single suppliers. Since the suppliers of key components and materials must be named in an NDA filed with the FDA for a product, significant delays can occur if the qualification of a new supplier is required. If delivery of material from the Company’s suppliers were interrupted for any reason, the Company may be unable to supply any of its product candidates for clinical trials. Other Risks and Uncertainties In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the global novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) COVID-19 COVID-19 COVID-19 COVID-19 Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are calculated non-cancelable Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews the carrying value long-lived assets, including right-of-use Leases The Company has one lease, a non-cancelable right-of-use right-of-use The operating lease right-of-use non-lease non-lease Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred in identifying, developing, and testing product candidates. These expenses consist primarily of costs for research and development personnel, including related stock-based compensation; contract research organizations (CRO) and other third parties that assist in managing, monitoring, and analyzing clinical trials; investigator and site fees; laboratory services; consultants; contract manufacturing services; non-clinical development costs are expensed as incurred, including expenses that may or may not be reimbursed under research and development funding arrangements. Payments made prior to the receipt of goods or services to be used in research and development are recorded as prepaid assets until the goods are received or services are rendered. Such payments are evaluated for current or long-term classification based on when they will be realized. Additionally, if expectations change such that the Company does not expect goods to be delivered or services to be rendered, such prepayments are charged to expense . The Company records expenses related to clinical studies and manufacturing development activities based on its estimates of the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with multiple CROs and manufacturing vendors that conduct and manage these activities on its behalf. The financial terms of these agreements are subject to negotiation, vary from contract to contract, and may result in uneven payment flows. There may be instances in which payments made to the Company’s vendors will exceed the level of services provided and result in a prepayment. Payments under some of these contracts depend on factors such as the successful enrollment of subjects and the completion of clinical trial milestones. In amortizing or accruing service fees, the Company estimates the time period over which services will be performed, enrollment of subjects, number of sites activated and the level of effort to be expended in each period. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the Company’s estimate, the Company will adjust the accrued or prepaid expense balance accordingly. To date, there have been no material differences from the Company’s estimates to the amounts actually incurred. Development Financing Agreement The Company accounts for the Financing Agreement (see Note 6) as a debt instrument. Accordingly, the Company has recorded payments received under the Financing Agreement as part of a development financing liability in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The liability is recorded at amortized cost and accreted to the contractual success fee amounts based on the estimated timing of regulatory approval and attainment of certain sales milestones using an imputed interest rate. Certain transaction fees incurred specifically to complete the Financing Agreement were capitalized and recorded as a reduction to the carrying amount of the development financing liability and are being amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method. There are several factors that could affect the estimated timing of regulatory approval and attainment of sales milestones, some of which are not entirely within the Company’s control. Therefore, the Company periodically reassesses the estimated timing of regulatory approval and attainment of sales milestones, and the expected contractual success fee payments due therefrom. If the timing and/or amount of such expected payments is materially different than original estimates, the Company will prospectively adjust the accretion of the development financing liability and the imputed interest rate. The Company identified certain contingent repayment features in the Financing Agreement that are required to be bifurcated from the debt host instrument as embedded derivative liabilities; however, the Company determined the fair value of these features, both individually and in the aggregate, was immaterial at inception and as of December 31, 2021. The fair value of these features will be assessed at each reporting date and will be marked to market, if material. To determine the amount to record for the embedded derivative liabilities, the Company must assess the probability of occurrence of various potential future events that could affect the timing and/or amount of future cash flows related to the Financing Agreement. Pre-funded Warrants Pursuant to the Company’s public equity offering completed in November 2021 , the Company issued pre-funded warrants to purchase 3,125,000 shares of common stock at a price of $3.9999 per share. These pre-funded warrants have an exercise price of $0.0001 per share, were fully exercisable upon issuance, and have no expiration date. The Company determined that the pre-funded warrants should be equity classified because they are freestanding financial instruments, are immediately exercisable, do not embody an obligation for the Company to repurchase its shares, permit the holders to receive a fixed number of shares of common stock upon exercise, are indexed to the Company’s common stock and meet the equity classification criteria. In addition, such pre-funded paid-in Note 9—Stockholders’ Equity . Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation is measured at fair value on the grant date of the award. Compensation cost is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period for options with service conditions and forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of stock option awards. The determination of fair value for stock-based awards using an option-pricing model requires management to make certain assumptions regarding subjective input variables such as expected term, dividends, volatility and risk-free rate. If actual results are not consistent with the Company’s assumptions used in making these estimates, the Company may be required to increase or decrease compensation expense, which could be material to the Company’s results of operations. Income Taxes The Company utilizes the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that all or part of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. When the Company establishes or reduces the valuation allowance related to the deferred tax assets, the provision for income taxes will increase or decrease, respectively, in the period such determination is made. The accounting guidance for uncertainty in income taxes prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute criteria for the financial recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based on the technical merits of the position. The Company is required to file federal and state income tax returns in the United States. The preparation of these income tax returns requires the Company to interpret the applicable tax laws and regulations in effect that could affect the amount of tax paid to these jurisdictions. The Company records interest related to income tax reserves, if any, as interest expense, and any penalties would be recorded as other expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss includes net loss and net unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities, which are presented in a single continuous statement. Other comprehensive (loss) gain is also disclosed in the consolidated balance sheets and statements of stockholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), and is stated net of related tax effects, if any. Net Loss Per Common Share Basic net loss per share of common stock is based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding equivalents during the period. The weighted-average common shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021 includes pre-funded 3,125,000 shares of common stock that were issued in connection with the November 2021 public offering, as discussed in Note 9— Stockholders’ Equity The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share amounts): Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 Numerator: Net loss $ (89,998 ) $ (50,986 ) Denominator: Weighted average number of common stock shares outstanding 71,055,331 68,893,127 Net loss per share $ (1.27 ) $ (0.74 ) The following table shows the total outstanding securities considered anti-dilutive and therefore excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share (in thousands): Year Ended 2021 2020 Common stock options 10,791 8,812 Incentive awards 101 101 Total 10,892 8,913 Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements ASU 2019-12 In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, step-up Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements ASU 2016-13 In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments available-for-sale No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Leases (Topic 842) |