Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and are comprised of CymaBay and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company has no unconsolidated subsidiaries or investments accounted for under the equity method. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) and following the requirements of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by GAAP can be condensed or omitted. In management’s opinion, the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial statements and include normal recurring adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and its results of operations and comprehensive loss and its cash flows for the periods presented. These statements do not include all disclosures required by GAAP and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements and accompanying notes for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, which is contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the entire year ending December 31, 2019 or future operating periods. Use of Estimates The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts and disclosures reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The estimation process often may yield a range of potentially reasonable estimates of the ultimate future outcomes, and management must select an amount that falls within that range of reasonable estimates. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates and assumptions. The Company believes significant judgment can be involved in estimating stock-based compensation, accrued clinical expenses, and the fair value of the Company’s common stock warrants. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities when these values are not readily apparent from other sources. Estimates are assessed each reporting period and updated to reflect current information and any changes in estimates will be reflected in the period first identified. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments during the periods reported consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, other current assets, accounts payable, accrued interest payable, accrued expenses, the facility loan, and warrant liabilities. Fair value estimates of these instruments are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information. These estimates may be subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment. The carrying amounts of financial instruments such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and accrued interest payable approximate the related fair values due to the short maturities of these instruments. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value are reported using a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and maximizes the use of unobservable inputs and is as follows: Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2—Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3—Inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement and are unobservable (i.e. supported by little market activity), which requires the reporting entity to develop its own valuation techniques and assumptions. The following tables present the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the above input categories (in thousands): As of March 31, 2019 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair Value Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 113,114 $ - $ - $ 113,114 U.S. commercial paper - 3,481 - 3,481 Total cash equivalents 113,114 3,481 - 116,595 Marketable securities: U.S. and foreign commercial paper - 52,158 - 52,158 U.S. and foreign corporate debt securities - 38,318 - 38,318 Asset-backed securities - 25,400 - 25,400 U.S. treasury securities - 23,306 - 23,306 Total short-term investments - 139,182 - 139,182 Total assets measured at fair value $ 113,114 $ 142,663 $ - $ 255,777 As of December 31, 2018 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair Value Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 39,481 $ - $ - $ 39,481 U.S. and foreign commercial paper - 6,469 - 6,469 Total cash equivalents 39,481 6,469 - 45,950 Marketable securities: U.S. and foreign commercial paper - 51,627 - 51,627 U.S. and foreign corporate debt securities - 34,634 - 34,634 Asset-backed securities - 25,472 - 25,472 U.S. treasury securities - 17,936 - 17,936 Total short-term investments - 129,669 - 129,669 Total assets measured at fair value $ 39,481 $ 136,138 $ - $ 175,619 The Company estimates the fair value of its corporate debt, commercial paper, asset backed securities, and U.S. treasury securities by taking into consideration valuations obtained from third-party pricing services. The pricing services utilize industry standard valuation models, including both income and market-based approaches, for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, to estimate fair value. These inputs include reported trades of and broker/dealer quotes on the same or similar securities, issuer credit spreads; benchmark securities; prepayment/default projections based on historical data; and other observable inputs. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the periods presented. Historically, the Company held a Level 3 liability associated with common stock warrants that were issued in connection with the Company’s financings completed in September and October 2013, January 2014, and August 2015. The warrants were accounted for as liabilities until either they were exercised or expired in September 2018. The Company used a binomial option pricing model to value its warrant liabilities prior to September 2017. The inputs for the binomial model are similar to the Black-Scholes model but also incorporate other more complex inputs that, in the Company’s case, included the expected timing, probability and valuation impact of certain potential strategic events. In September 2017, the Company changed its valuation technique and began to value its warrant liability using a Black-Scholes option pricing model, the inputs for which include: exercise price of the warrants, market price of the underlying common shares, dividend yield, expected term, expected volatility, and a risk-free interest rate. Changes to any of these inputs can have a significant impact on the estimated fair value of the warrants. The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of the Company’s liabilities measured using Level 3 inputs (in thousands): For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Balance, beginning of period $ - $ 6,091 Change in fair value - 4,654 Settlement of financial instruments - (3,097 ) Balance, end of period $ - $ 7,648 Cash, The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of deposits with commercial banks in checking, interest-bearing, demand money market accounts, and commercial paper. The Company invests excess cash in marketable securities with high credit ratings that are classified in Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. These securities consist primarily of corporate debt, commercial paper, asset-backed securities, and U.S. treasury securities and are classified as “available-for-sale.” The Company considers marketable securities as short-term investments if the maturity date is less than or equal to one year from the balance sheet date. The Company considers marketable securities as long-term investments if the maturity date is in excess of one year of the balance sheet date. Realized gains and losses from the sale of marketable securities, if any, are calculated using the specific-identification method. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary are included in interest income or expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Unrealized holding gains and losses are reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. To date, the Company has not recorded any impairment charges on its marketable securities related to other-than-temporary declines in market value. In determining whether a decline in market value is other-than-temporary, various factors are considered, including the cause, duration of time and severity of the impairment, any adverse changes in the investees’ financial condition, and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for an anticipated recovery in market value. The following tables summarize amortized cost, unrealized gain and loss, and fair value of the Company’s available for sale marketable securities (in thousands): Gross Gross Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Estimated Cost Gains Losses Fair Value As of March 31, 2019: U.S. and foreign commercial paper $ 52,158 $ - $ - $ 52,158 U.S. and foreign corporate debt securities 38,289 29 - 38,318 Asset-backed securities 25,395 6 (1 ) 25,400 U.S. treasury securities 23,295 11 - 23,306 $ 139,137 $ 46 $ (1 ) $ 139,182 Gross Gross Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Estimated Cost Gains Losses Fair Value As of December 31, 2018: U.S. and foreign commercial paper $ 51,627 $ - $ - $ 51,627 U.S. and foreign corporate debt securities 34,668 - (34 ) 34,634 Asset-backed securities 25,494 - (22 ) 25,472 U.S. treasury securities 17,938 - (2 ) 17,936 $ 129,727 $ - $ (58 ) $ 129,669 Concentrations of Risk Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities consist of financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk to the extent of the fair value recorded in the balance sheet. The Company invests cash that is not required for immediate operating needs primarily in highly liquid instruments that bear minimal risk. The Company has established guidelines relating to the quality, diversification, and maturities of securities to enable the Company to manage its credit risk. The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of a default by the financial institutions holding its cash, cash equivalents and investments and issuers of investments to the extent recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Certain materials and key components that the Company utilizes in its operations are obtained through single suppliers. Since the suppliers of key components and materials must be named in an NDA filed with the FDA for a product, significant delays can occur if the qualification of a new supplier is required. If delivery of material from the Company’s suppliers were interrupted for any reason, the Company may be unable to supply any of its product candidates for clinical trials. Leases The Company has one lease, a non-cancelable operating lease agreement for its corporate offices. Prior to January 1, 2019, the Company recognized related rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Incentives granted under the Company’s facilities lease, including allowances for leasehold improvements and rent holidays, were recognized as reductions to rental expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Deferred rent consisted of the difference between cash payments and the rent expense recognized. Subsequent to the adoption of the new leasing standard on January 1, 2019, the Company recognizes a lease asset for its right to use the underlying asset and a lease liability for the corresponding lease obligation. The Company determines whether an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, other accrued liabilities, and long-term portion of operating lease liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2019. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. In determining the net present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date. The incremental borrowing rate represents the interest rate the Company would incur at lease commencement to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over the term of a lease. The Company considers a lease term to be the noncancelable period that it has the right to use the underlying asset, including any periods where it is reasonably assured the Company will exercise the option to extend the contract. Periods covered by an option to extend are included in the lease term if the lessor controls the exercise of that option. The operating lease right-of-use assets also include any lease payments made and exclude lease incentives. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term. The Company has elected to not separate lease and non-lease components for its leased assets and accounts for all lease and non-lease components of its agreements as a single lease component. Common Stock Warrant Liability Historically, the Company’s outstanding common stock warrants issued in connection with certain equity and debt financings that occurred in 2013 through 2015 were classified as liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets because of certain contractual terms that preclude equity classification. As of September 30, 2018, all outstanding warrants related to these financings had been exercised or had expired. Upon expiration, the remaining fair value of the liability was extinguished and credited to other income (expense), net in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations. Prior to expiration, the Company estimated the fair value of common stock warrants at each reporting period until the exercise of the warrants, at which time the liability was revalued and reclassified to stockholders’ equity. The determination of fair value of these common stock warrants required management to make certain assumptions regarding subjective input variables such as timing, probability and valuation impact of certain potential strategic events, expected term, dividends, expected volatility and risk-free interest rates. Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred in identifying, developing, and testing product candidates. These expenses consist primarily of costs for research and development personnel, including related stock-based compensation; contract research organizations (CRO) and other third parties that assist in managing, monitoring, and analyzing clinical trials; investigator and site fees; laboratory services; consultants; contract manufacturing services; non-clinical studies, including materials; and allocated expenses, such as depreciation of assets, and facilities and information technology that support research and development activities. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred, including expenses that may or may not be reimbursed under research and development funding arrangements. Payments made prior to the receipt of goods or services to be used in research and development are recorded as prepaid assets until the goods are received or services are rendered. Such payments are evaluated for current or long term classification based on when they will be realized. The Company records expenses related to clinical studies and manufacturing development activities based on its estimates of the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with multiple CROs and manufacturing vendors that conduct and manage these activities on its behalf. The financial terms of these agreements are subject to negotiation, vary from contract to contract, and may result in uneven payment flows. There may be instances in which payments made to the Company’s vendors will exceed the level of services provided and result in a prepayment of the expense. Payments under some of these contracts depend on factors such as the successful enrollment of subjects and the completion of clinical trial milestones. In amortizing or accruing service fees, the Company estimates the time period over which services will be performed, enrollment of subjects, number of sites activated and the level of effort to be expended in each period. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the Company’s estimate, the Company will adjust the accrued or prepaid expense balance accordingly. To date, there have been no material differences from the Company’s estimates to the amounts actually incurred. Stock-Based Compensation Employee and director stock-based compensation is measured at fair value on the grant date of the award. Compensation cost is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period for options and on an accelerated basis for stock options with performance conditions. For stock options with performance conditions, the Company evaluates the probability of achieving performance conditions at each reporting date. The Company begins to recognize the expense when it is deemed probable that the performance conditions will be met. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock option awards. The determination of fair value for stock-based awards using an option-pricing model requires management to make certain assumptions regarding subjective input variables such as expected term, dividends, volatility and risk-free rate. The Company is also required to make estimates as to the probability of achieving the specific performance criteria. If actual results are not consistent with the Company’s assumptions and judgments used in making these estimates, the Company may be required to increase or decrease compensation expense, which could be material to the Company’s results of operations. Equity awards granted to non-employees are valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Stock-based compensation expense for nonemployee services has historically been subject to remeasurement at each reporting date as the underlying equity instruments vest and was recognized as an expense over the period during which services are received. Upon the adoption of ASU 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation Net Loss Per Common Share Basic net loss per share of common stock is based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding equivalents during the period. Diluted net loss per share of common stock is calculated as the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding adjusted to include the assumed exercises of stock options and common stock warrants, if dilutive. The calculation of diluted loss per share also requires that, to the extent the average market price of the underlying shares for the reporting period exceeds the exercise price of the common stock warrants and the presumed and actual exercise or expiration of such securities are dilutive to earnings (net loss) per share for the period, adjustments to net income or net loss used in the calculation are required to remove the change in fair value of the common stock warrant liability for the period. Likewise, adjustments to the denominator are required to reflect the related dilutive shares. In all periods presented, the Company’s outstanding stock options were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effects were antidilutive. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share amounts): Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Numerator: Net loss allocated to common stock-basic $ (23,075 ) $ (17,005 ) Net loss allocated to common stock-diluted $ (23,075 ) $ (17,005 ) Denominator: Weighted average number of common stock shares outstanding - basic 61,890,632 53,752,753 Weighted average number of common stock shares outstanding - diluted 61,890,632 53,752,753 Net loss per share - basic: $ (0.37 ) $ (0.32 ) Net loss per share - diluted: $ (0.37 ) $ (0.32 ) The following table shows the total outstanding securities considered anti-dilutive and therefore excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Common stock options 7,349 5,173 Incentive awards 127 130 Common stock warrants - 982 7,476 6,285 Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 and 2018-11 In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach and elected the package of practical expedients permitted under transition guidance, which allowed the Company to carry forward its historical assessments of: 1) whether contracts are or contain leases, 2) lease classification and 3) initial direct costs. The Company did not elect the practical expedient allowing the use-of-hindsight which would require the Company to reassess the lease term of its leases based on all facts and circumstances through the effective date and did not elect the practical expedient pertaining to land easements as this is not applicable to the current contract portfolio. The Company elected the post-transition practical expedient to not separate lease components from nonlease components for all existing lease classes. The Company also elected a policy of not recording leases on its condensed consolidated balance sheets when the leases have a term of 12 months or less and the Company is not reasonably certain to elect an option to purchase the leased asset. The adoption of this standard resulted in the recognition of a ROU asset and lease liabilities of $0.2 million and $2.5 million, respectively, and the derecognition of the deferred rent balance of $2.3 million as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of the standard had no impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss or to its cash flows from or used in operating, financing, or investing activities on its condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. No cumulative-effect adjustment within accumulated deficit was required to be recorded as a result of adopting this standard. Accounting Standards Update 2018-08 On January 1, 2019 the Company adopted ASU No. 2018-08, Not-For-Profit Entities (Topic 958): Clarifying the Scope and the Accounting Guidance for Contributions Received and Contributions Made (ASU No. 2018-08), which is intended to clarify and improve the scope and the accounting guidance for contributions received and contributions made. The amendments in ASU No. 2018-08 assist entities in (1) evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as contributions (nonreciprocal transaction) within the scope of Topic 958, Not-for-Profit Entities, or as exchange (reciprocal) transactions subject to other guidance and (2) determining whether a contribution is conditional. This amendment applies to all entities that make or receive grants or contributions. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Accounting Standards Update 2018-07 On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation – The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. SEC Securities Act Release No. 33-10532 In August 2018, the SEC adopted amendments to certain disclosure requirements in Securities Act Release No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-18, Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606. The guidance clarifies that certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for as revenue under Topic 606 when the collaborative arrangement participant is a customer. For the company, the amendment will be effective January 1, 2020. The Company is evaluating the impact this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Accounting Standards Update 2018-15 Accounting Standards Update 2018-13 In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, an amendment which modifies the measurement and recognition of credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. The amendment updates the guidance for measuring and recording credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost by replacing the “incurred loss” model with an “expected loss” model. Accordingly, these financial assets will be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The amendment also requires that credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities be recorded as an allowance through net income rather than reducing the carrying amount under the current, other-than-temporary-impairment model. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for annual periods after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption of this ASU on its condensed consolidated financial statements. |