Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Lease Accounting The Company determines whether to account for its leases as operating, capital or financing leases depending on the underlying terms of each lease agreement. This determination of classification is complex and requires significant judgment relating to certain information including the estimated fair value and remaining economic life of the community, the Company’s cost of funds, minimum lease payments and other lease terms. As of June 30, 2017, the Company leased 46 senior housing communities, 44 of which the Company classified as operating leases and two of which the Company classified as capital lease and financing obligations. The Company incurs lease acquisition costs and amortizes these costs over the term of the respective lease agreement. Certain leases entered into by the Company qualified as sale/leaseback transactions, and as such, any related gains have been deferred and are being amortized over the respective lease term. Facility lease expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss includes rent expense plus amortization expense relating to leasehold acquisition costs slightly offset by the amortization of deferred gains and lease incentives. There are various financial covenants and other restrictions in the Company’s lease agreements. The Company was in compliance with all of its lease covenants at June 30, 2017. On January 31, 2017, the Company acquired the underlying real estate associated with four of its operating leases. For additional information refer to Note 3, “Acquisitions.” Credit Risk and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company’s resident receivables are generally due within 30 days from the date billed. Accounts receivable are reported net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $4.6 million and $4.3 million at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively, and represent the Company’s estimate of the amount that ultimately will be collected. The adequacy of the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts is reviewed on an ongoing basis, using historical payment trends, write-off experience, analyses of receivable portfolios by payor source and aging of receivables, as well as a review of specific accounts, and adjustments are made to the allowance as necessary. Credit losses on resident receivables have historically been within management’s estimates, and management believes that the allowance for doubtful accounts adequately provides for expected losses. Employee Health and Dental Benefits, Workers’ Compensation, and Insurance Reserves The Company offers certain full-time employees an option to participate in its health and dental plans. The Company is self-insured up to certain limits and is insured if claims in excess of these limits are incurred. The cost of employee health and dental benefits, net of employee contributions, is shared between the corporate office and the senior housing communities based on the respective number of plan participants. Funds collected are used to pay the actual program costs including estimated annual claims, third-party administrative fees, network provider fees, communication costs, and other related administrative costs incurred by the plans. Claims are paid as they are submitted to the Company’s third-party administrator. The Company records a liability for outstanding claims and claims that have been incurred but not yet reported. This liability is based on the historical claim reporting lag and payment trends of health insurance claims. Management believes that the liability for outstanding losses and expenses is adequate to cover the ultimate cost of losses and expenses incurred at June 30, 2017; however, actual claims and expenses may differ. Any subsequent changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they are determined. The Company uses a combination of insurance and self-insurance for workers’ compensation. Determining the reserve for workers’ compensation losses and costs that the Company has incurred as of the end of a reporting period involves significant judgments based on projected future events including potential settlements for pending claims, known incidents which may result in claims, estimates of incurred but not yet reported claims, changes in insurance premiums, estimated litigation costs and other factors. The Company regularly adjusts these estimates to reflect changes in the foregoing factors. However, since this reserve is based on estimates, the actual expenses incurred may differ from the amounts reserved. Any subsequent changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they are determined. Income Taxes Income taxes are computed using the asset and liability method and current income taxes are recorded based on amounts refundable or payable in the current year. The effective tax rates for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 differ from the statutory tax rates due to state income taxes, permanent tax differences, and changes in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance. The Company is impacted by the Texas Margin Tax (“TMT”), which effectively imposes tax on modified gross revenues for communities within the State of Texas. During each of the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company consolidated 38 and 37 Texas communities, respectively, and the TMT increased the overall provision for income taxes. Deferred income taxes are recorded based on the estimated future tax effects of loss carryforwards and temporary differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which we expect those carryforwards and temporary differences to be recovered or settled. Management regularly evaluates the future realization of deferred tax assets and provides a valuation allowance, if considered necessary, based on such evaluation. As part of the evaluation, management has evaluated taxable income in carryback years, future reversals of taxable temporary differences, feasible tax planning strategies, and future expectations of income. Based upon this analysis, an adjustment to the valuation allowance of $3.0 million and $1.5 million was recorded during the second quarters of fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively, to increase the valuation allowance provided to $46.9 million and $25.7 million at June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and reduce the Company’s net deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Cumulative adjustments to the valuation allowance for the first six months of fiscal 2017 and 2016 were $16.1 million and $3.4 million, respectively. The adjustment to the valuation allowance during the first six months of fiscal 2017 included an increase of $5.3 million for the adoption of ASU 2016-09, which was effective for the Company as of January 1, 2017, to recognize net operating loss carryforwards attributable to excess tax benefits on stock compensation that had not been previously recognized to additional paid in capital. However, in the event that we were to determine that it would be more likely than not that the Company would realize the benefit of deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amounts, adjustments to deferred tax assets would increase net income in the period such determination was made . The Company evaluates uncertain tax positions through consideration of accounting and reporting guidance on criteria, measurement, derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition that is intended to provide better financial statement comparability among different companies. The Company is required to recognize a tax benefit in its financial statements for an uncertain tax position only if management’s assessment is that such position is “more likely than not” (i.e., a greater than 50% likelihood) to be upheld on audit based only on the technical merits of the tax position. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest related to unrecognized tax benefits as interest expense and penalties as income tax expense. The Company is generally no longer subject to federal and state income tax audits for tax years prior to 2013. Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Potentially dilutive securities consist of unvested restricted shares and shares that could be issued under outstanding stock options. Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of net loss per common share if their effect is antidilutive. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except for per share amounts): Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Net loss $ (7,835 ) $ (4,446 ) $ (29,677 ) $ (10,430 ) Net loss allocated to unvested restricted shares — — — — Undistributed net loss allocated to common shares $ (7,835 ) $ (4,446 ) $ (29,677 ) $ (10,430 ) Weighted average shares outstanding – basic 29,478 28,926 29,384 28,838 Effects of dilutive securities: Employee equity compensation plans — — — — Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted 29,478 28,926 29,384 28,838 Basic net loss per share – common shareholders $ (0.27 ) $ (0.15 ) $ (1.01 ) $ (0.36 ) Diluted net loss per share – common shareholders $ (0.27 ) $ (0.15 ) $ (1.01 ) $ (0.36 ) Awards of unvested restricted stock representing approximately 846,000 and 1,052,000 shares were outstanding for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and awards of unvested restricted stock representing approximately 848,000 and 1,043,000 shares were outstanding for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and were antidilutive. Treasury Stock The Company accounts for treasury stock under the cost method and includes treasury stock as a component of stockholders’ equity. All shares acquired by the Company have been purchased in open-market transactions. There were no repurchases of the Company’s common stock during the six month period ended June 30, 2017. Recently Issued Accounting Guidance In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-01, Business Combinations – Clarifying the Definition of a Business In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force). In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-based Payment Accounting In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers |