UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED: JUNE 30, 2009
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM _______________ TO _________________
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 1-13447
ANNALY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)
MARYLAND | 22-3479661 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (IRS Employer Identification No.) |
1211 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, SUITE 2902
NEW YORK, NEW YORK
(Address of principal executive offices)
10036
(Zip Code)
(212) 696-0100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days:
Yes X No___
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes _X_ No __
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No þ
APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the last practicable date:
Class | Outstanding at August 5, 2009 |
Common Stock, $.01 par value | 544,357,410 |
ANNALY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
JUNE 30, 2009 AND DECEMBER 31, 2008
(dollars in thousands, except for share data)
June 30, 2009 (Unaudited) | December 31, 2008(1) | |||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,352,798 | $ | 909,353 | ||||
Reverse repurchase agreements with affiliates | 170,916 | 562,119 | ||||||
Mortgage-Backed Securities, at fair value | 65,165,126 | 55,046,995 | ||||||
Agency debentures, at fair value | 616,893 | 598,945 | ||||||
Available for sale equity securities, at fair value | 156,990 | 52,795 | ||||||
Receivable for Investment Securities sold | 412,214 | 75,546 | ||||||
Accrued interest and dividends receivable | 313,772 | 282,532 | ||||||
Receivable from Prime Broker | 16,886 | 16,886 | ||||||
Receivable for advisory and service fees | 10,039 | 6,103 | ||||||
Intangible for customer relationships, net | 11,091 | 12,380 | ||||||
Goodwill | 27,917 | 27,917 | ||||||
Interest rate swaps, at fair value | 7,267 | - | ||||||
Other assets | 5,346 | 6,044 | ||||||
Total assets | $ | 68,267,255 | $ | 57,597,615 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
Liabilities: | ||||||||
Repurchase agreements | $ | 51,326,930 | $ | 46,674,885 | ||||
Payable for Investment Securities purchased | 7,017,444 | 2,062,030 | ||||||
Accrued interest payable | 102,662 | 199,985 | ||||||
Dividends payable | 326,612 | 270,736 | ||||||
Accounts payable and other liabilities | 40,115 | 8,380 | ||||||
Interest rate swaps, at fair value | 722,700 | 1,102,285 | ||||||
Total liabilities | 59,536,463 | 50,318,301 | ||||||
6.00% Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock: 4,600,000 shares authorized 2,604,814 and 3,963,525 shares issued and outstanding, respectively | 63,118 | 96,042 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) | - | - | ||||||
Stockholders’ Equity: | ||||||||
7.875% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock: 7,412,500 shares authorized, issued and outstanding | 177,088 | 177,088 | ||||||
Common stock: par value $.01 per share; 987,987,500 shares authorized, 544,353,997and 541,475,366 issued and outstanding, respectively | 5,444 | 5,415 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 7,668,988 | 7,633,438 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 1,362,134 | 252,230 | ||||||
Accumulated deficit | (545,980 | ) | (884,899 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 8,667,674 | 7,183,272 | ||||||
Total liabilities, Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock and stockholders’ equity | $ | 68,267,255 | $ | 57,597,615 |
(1) Derived from the audited consolidated statement of financial condition at December 31, 2008. |
See notes to consolidated financial statements. |
1
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2009 | For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2008 | For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2009 | For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2008 | |||||||||||||
Interest income | $ | 710,401 | $ | 773,359 | $ | 1,426,416 | $ | 1,564,487 | ||||||||
Interest expense | 322,596 | 442,251 | 701,221 | 979,857 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 387,805 | 331,108 | 725,195 | 584,630 | ||||||||||||
Other income: | ||||||||||||||||
Investment advisory and service fees | 11,736 | 6,406 | 19,497 | 13,004 | ||||||||||||
Gain on sale of Investment Securities | 2,364 | 2,830 | 7,387 | 12,247 | ||||||||||||
Income from trading securities | - | 2,180 | - | 4,034 | ||||||||||||
Dividend income from available-for-sale equity securities | 3,221 | 580 | 4,139 | 1,521 | ||||||||||||
Unrealized gain on interest rate swaps | 230,207 | - | 265,752 | - | ||||||||||||
Total other income | 247,528 | 11,996 | 296,775 | 30,806 | ||||||||||||
Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution fees | 432 | 370 | 860 | 1,003 | ||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 30,046 | 27,215 | 59,928 | 51,210 | ||||||||||||
Total expenses | 30,478 | 27,585 | 60,788 | 52,213 | ||||||||||||
Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest | 604,855 | 315,519 | 961,182 | 563,223 | ||||||||||||
Income taxes | 7,801 | 7,527 | 14,235 | 12,137 | ||||||||||||
Net income | 597,054 | 307,992 | 946,947 | 551,086 | ||||||||||||
Noncontrolling interest | - | - | - | 58 | ||||||||||||
Net income attributable to controlling interest | 597,054 | 307,992 | 946,947 | 551,028 | ||||||||||||
Dividends on preferred stock | 4,625 | 5,334 | 9,251 | 10,707 | ||||||||||||
Net income available to common shareholders | $ | 592,429 | $ | 302,658 | $ | 937,696 | $ | 540,321 | ||||||||
Net income available per share to common shareholders-basic | $ | 1.09 | $ | 0.60 | $ | 1.72 | $ | 1.14 | ||||||||
Net income available per share to common shareholders-diluted | $ | 1.08 | $ | 0.59 | $ | 1.71 | $ | 1.13 | ||||||||
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding-basic | 544,344,844 | 503,758,079 | 543,627,960 | 473,785,256 | ||||||||||||
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding-diluted | 550,099,709 | 512,678,975 | 549,394,817 | 482,813,463 | ||||||||||||
Net income attributable to controlling interest | $ | 597,054 | $ | 307,992 | $ | 946,947 | $ | 551,028 | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss): | ||||||||||||||||
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities | 176,013 | (529,008 | ) | 996,191 | (311,445 | ) | ||||||||||
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps | 66,934 | 388,861 | 121,100 | (2,902 | ) | |||||||||||
Reclassification adjustment for net gains included in net income | (2,364 | ) | (2,830 | ) | (7,387 | ) | (12,247 | ) | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 240,583 | (142,977 | ) | 1,109,904 | (326,594 | ) | ||||||||||
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest | $ | 837,637 | $ | 165,015 | $ | 2,056,851 | $ | 224,434 |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
2
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
Preferred Stock | Common Stock Par Value | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Accumulated Deficit | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2008 | $ | 177,088 | $ | 5,415 | $ | 7,633,438 | $ | 252,230 | $ | (884,899 | ) | $ | 7,183,272 | |||||||||||
Net income attributable to controlling interest | - | - | - | - | 946,947 | 946,947 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income | - | - | - | 1,109,904 | - | 1,109,904 | ||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options and stock grants | - | - | 721 | - | - | 721 | ||||||||||||||||||
Stock option expense and long-term compensation expense | - | - | 1,933 | - | - | 1,933 | ||||||||||||||||||
Conversion of Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock | - | 29 | 32,896 | - | - | 32,925 | ||||||||||||||||||
Preferred Series A dividends declared, $0.984376 per share | - | - | - | - | (7,296 | ) | (7,296 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Preferred Series B dividends declared, $0.75 per share | - | - | - | - | (1,955 | ) | (1,955 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Common dividends declared, $1.10 per share | - | - | - | - | (598,777 | ) | (598,777 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
BALANCE, JUNE 30, 2009 | $ | 177,088 | $ | 5,444 | $ | 7,668,988 | $ | 1,362,134 | $ | (545,980 | ) | $ | 8,667,674 |
3
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2009 | For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2008 | For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2009 | For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2008 | |||||||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 597,054 | $ | 307,992 | $ | 946,947 | $ | 551,086 | ||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | - | - | - | (58 | ) | |||||||||||
Amortization of Mortgage-Backed Securities premiums and discounts, net | 58,415 | 26,613 | 99,429 | 54,126 | ||||||||||||
Amortization of intangibles | 414 | 1,236 | 1,502 | 2,238 | ||||||||||||
Amortization of trading securities premiums and discounts | - | - | - | (3 | ) | |||||||||||
Gain on sale of Investment Securities | (2,364 | ) | (2,830 | ) | (7,387 | ) | (12,247 | ) | ||||||||
Stock option and long-term compensation expense | 1,054 | 517 | 1,933 | 839 | ||||||||||||
Unrealized gain on interest rate swaps | (230,207 | ) | - | (265,752 | ) | - | ||||||||||
Net realized gain on trading investments | - | (1,837 | ) | - | (7,130 | ) | ||||||||||
Unrealized depreciation on trading investments | 351 | - | 4,778 | |||||||||||||
Increase in accrued interest and dividends receivable | (13,661 | ) | (17,040 | ) | (22,186 | ) | (32,350 | ) | ||||||||
Decrease in trading sales receivables | - | - | - | 157 | ||||||||||||
Decrease in other assets | 264 | 1,131 | 484 | 1,327 | ||||||||||||
Purchase of trading securities | - | (11,270 | ) | - | (12,016 | ) | ||||||||||
Proceeds from sale of trading securities | - | - | - | 9,926 | ||||||||||||
Purchase of trading securities sold, not yet purchased | - | (1,987 | ) | - | (6,032 | ) | ||||||||||
Proceeds from securities sold, not yet purchased | - | 4,551 | - | 14,399 | ||||||||||||
Increase in advisory and service fees receivable | (3,532 | ) | (123 | ) | (3,936 | ) | (1,105 | ) | ||||||||
Decrease in interest payable | (9,795 | ) | (17,960 | ) | (97,323 | ) | (102,993 | ) | ||||||||
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities | 16,145 | 16,501 | 31,735 | (63 | ) | |||||||||||
Proceeds from repurchase agreements on from broker dealer | 25,947,444 | - | 27,033,470 | - | ||||||||||||
Payments on repurchase agreements, broker dealer | (23,403,174 | ) | - | (23,603,174 | ) | - | ||||||||||
Proceeds from reverse repo from broker dealer | 589,777 | - | 589,777 | - | ||||||||||||
Payment on reverse repo from broker dealer | (637,210 | ) | - | (637,210 | ) | - | ||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 2,910,624 | 305,845 | 4,068,309 | 464,879 | ||||||||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Purchase of Mortgage-Backed Securities | (5,422,358 | ) | (6,802,127 | ) | (11,667,006 | ) | (17,255,754 | ) | ||||||||
Proceeds from sale of Investment Securities | 147,180 | 1,497,894 | 1,029,934 | 5,658,254 | ||||||||||||
Principal payments of Mortgage-Backed Securities | 3,511,885 | 2,793,143 | 6,014,692 | 5,329,720 | ||||||||||||
Agency debentures called | - | - | 602,000 | - | ||||||||||||
Purchase of agency debentures | (623,361 | ) | - | (623,361 | ) | (500,000 | ) | |||||||||
Purchase of reverse repurchase agreements | 901,916 | 750,036 | 1,011,555 | (49,964 | ) | |||||||||||
Payments on reverse repurchase agreements | (572,919 | ) | - | (572,919 | ) | - | ||||||||||
Purchase of available-for-sale equity securities from affiliate | (90,078 | ) | - | (90,078 | ) | - | ||||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (2,147,735 | ) | (1,761,054 | ) | (4,295,183 | ) | (6,817,744 | ) | ||||||||
Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from repurchase agreements | 92,570,304 | 108,736,743 | 182,356,640 | 223,326,233 | ||||||||||||
Principal payments on repurchase agreements | (92,738,822 | ) | (108,221,087 | ) | (181,134,891 | ) | (217,533,130 | ) | ||||||||
Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 99 | 195 | 722 | 1,830 | ||||||||||||
Proceeds from direct purchase and dividend reinvestment | - | 16,490 | - | 71,047 | ||||||||||||
Net proceeds from follow-on offerings | - | 1,066,718 | - | 2,147,549 | ||||||||||||
Net proceeds from ATM programs | - | - | - | 71,832 | ||||||||||||
Noncontrolling interest | - | - | - | (1,573 | ) | |||||||||||
Dividends paid | (276,790 | ) | (230,154 | ) | (552,152 | ) | (372,146 | ) | ||||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | (445,209 | ) | 1,368,905 | 670,319 | 7,711,642 | |||||||||||
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | 317,680 | (86,304 | ) | 443,445 | 1,358,777 | |||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 1,035,118 | 1,549,041 | 909,353 | 103,960 | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 1,352,798 | $ | 1,462,737 | $ | 1,352,798 | $ | 1,462,737 | ||||||||
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | ||||||||||||||||
Interest paid | $ | 332,391 | $ | 460,211 | $ | 798,544 | $ | 1,082,849 | ||||||||
Taxes paid | $ | 11,291 | $ | 9,091 | $ | 19,648 | $ | 9,340 | ||||||||
Noncash financing activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities and interest rate swaps, net of reclassification adjustment | $ | 240,583 | $ | (142,977 | ) | $ | 1,109,904 | (326,594 | ) | |||||||
Dividends declared, not yet paid | $ | 326,612 | $ | 296,201 | $ | 326,612 | $ | 296,201 | ||||||||
Noncash investing activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Receivable for Investment Securities Sold | $ | 412,214 | $ | 824,308 | $ | 412,214 | $ | 824,308 | ||||||||
Payable for Investment Securities Purchased | $ | 7,017,444 | $ | 1,405,109 | $ | 7,017,444 | $ | 1,405,109 | ||||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements. |
4
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE QUARTERS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 AND 2008
1. ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Annaly Capital Management, Inc. (“Annaly” or the “Company”) was incorporated in Maryland on November 25, 1996. The Company commenced its operations of purchasing and managing an investment portfolio of mortgage-backed securities on February 18, 1997, upon receipt of the net proceeds from the private placement of equity capital, and completed its initial public offering on October 14, 1997. The Company is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Fixed Income Discount Advisory Company (“FIDAC”) is a registered investment advisor and is a wholly owned taxable REIT subsidiary of the Company. During the third quarter of 2008, the Company formed RCap Securities, Inc. (“RCap”). RCap was granted membership in the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) on January 26, 2009, and operates as broker-dealer. RCap is a wholly owned taxable REIT subsidiary of the Company. On October 31, 2008, the Company acquired Merganser Capital Management, Inc. (“Merganser”). Merganser is a registered investment advisor and is a wholly owned taxable REIT subsidiary of the Company.
A summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies follows:
Basis of Presentation - The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10, Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X for interim financial statements. Accordingly, they may not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
The consolidated interim financial statements are unaudited; however, in the opinion of the Company's management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring accruals, necessary for a fair statement of the financial positions, results of operations, and cash flows have been included. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008. The nature of the Company's business is such that the results of any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, FIDAC, Merganser, RCap and an affiliated investment fund (the “Fund”). The Fund is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company whose assets are subject to the administration of Lehman Brothers International (Europe) (“LBIE”) under English bankruptcy law.
Cash and Cash Equivalents - Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and cash held in money market funds on an overnight basis.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements - The Company may invest its daily available cash balances via reverse repurchase agreements to provide additional yield on its assets. These investments will typically be recorded as short term investments and will generally mature daily. Reverse repurchase agreements are recorded at cost and are collateralized by mortgage-backed securities pledged by the counterparty to the agreement. Reverse repurchase agreements entered into by RCap are part of the subsidiary’s daily matched book trading activity. These reverse repurchase agreements are recorded on trade date at the contract amount, are collateralized by mortgage backed securities and generally mature within 30 days. Margin calls are made by RCap as appropriate based on the daily valuation of the underlying collateral versus the contract price. RCap generates income from the spread between what is earned on the reverse repurchase agreements and what is paid on the matched repurchase agreements. Cash flows related to RCap’s matchbook activity are included in cash flows from operating activity.
Mortgage-Backed Securities and Agency Debentures - The Company invests primarily in mortgage pass-through certificates, collateralized mortgage obligations and other mortgage-backed securities representing interests in or obligations backed by pools of mortgage loans, and certificates guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), and the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) (collectively, “Mortgage-Backed Securities”). The Company also invests in agency debentures issued by Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”), Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The Mortgage-Backed Securities and agency debentures are collectively referred to herein as “Investment Securities.”
5
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities (“SFAS 115”), requires the Company to classify its Investment Securities as either trading investments, available-for-sale investments or held-to-maturity investments. Although the Company generally intends to hold most of its Investment Securities until maturity, it may, from time to time, sell any of its Investment Securities as part of its overall management of its portfolio. Accordingly, SFAS 115 requires the Company to classify all of its Investment Securities as available-for-sale. All assets classified as available-for-sale are reported at estimated fair value, based on market prices from independent sources, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. The Company’s investment in Chimera Investment Corporation (“Chimera”) is accounted for as available-for-sale equity securities under the provisions of SFAS 115.
Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. Based on the guidance provided by Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), the FASB issued FSP FAS 115-2 and FSP FAS 124-2, Recognition and Presentation of Other Than Temporary Impairments. FSP FAS 115-2 and FSP FAS 124-2 are effective for interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2009, with early adoption permitted for periods ending after March 15, 2009 and the Company decided to early adopt these two FSPs. Under these FSPs, the Company determines if it has (1) the intent to sell the Investment Securities, (2) it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the securities before recovery, or (3) it does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the Investment Securities. Further, the security is analyzed for credit loss (the difference between the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis). The credit loss, if any, will then be recognized in the statement of earnings, while the balance of impairment related to other factors will be recognized in other comprehensive income (“OCI”). For the quarters ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, the Company did not have unrealized losses on Investment Securities that were deemed other than temporary.
SFAS No. 107, Disclosure About Fair Value of Financial Instruments, requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value. The estimated fair value of Investment Securities, available-for-sale equity securities, trading securities, trading securities sold, not yet purchased, receivable from prime broker and interest rate swaps is equal to their carrying value presented in the consolidated statements of financial condition. Cash and cash equivalents, reverse repurchase agreements, accrued interest and dividends receivable, receivable for securities sold, receivable for advisory and service fees, repurchase agreements with maturities shorter than one year, payable for Investment Securities purchased, dividends payable, accounts payable and other liabilities, and accrued interest payable, generally approximates fair value as of June 30, 2009 due to the short term nature of these financial instruments. The estimated fair value of long term structured repurchase agreements is reflected in the Note 8 to the financial statements.
Interest income is accrued based on the outstanding principal amount of the Investment Securities and their contractual terms. Premiums and discounts associated with the purchase of the Investment Securities are amortized into interest income over the projected lives of the securities using the interest method. The Company’s policy for estimating prepayment speeds for calculating the effective yield is to evaluate historical performance, consensus prepayment speeds, and current market conditions.
Investment Securities transactions are recorded on the trade date. Purchases of newly-issued securities are recorded when all significant uncertainties regarding the characteristics of the securities are removed, generally shortly before settlement date. Realized gains and losses on sales of Investment Securities are determined on the specific identification method.
Derivative Financial Instruments/Hedging Activity - Prior to the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company designated interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges, whereby the swaps were recorded at fair value on the balance sheet as assets and liabilities with any changes in fair value recorded in OCI. In a cash flow hedge, a swap would exactly match the pricing date of the relevant repurchase agreement. Through the end of the third quarter of 2008 the Company continued to be able to effectively match the swaps with the repurchase agreements therefore entering into effective hedge transactions. However, due to the volatility of the credit markets, it is no longer practical to match the pricing dates of both the swaps and the repurchase agreements.
6
As a result, the Company voluntarily discontinued hedge accounting after the third quarter of 2008 through a combination of de-designating previously defined hedge relationships and not designating new contracts as cash flow hedges. The de-designation of cash flow hedges was done in accordance with SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, and Derivatives Implementation Group “DIG” Issue Nos. G3, G17, G18 & G20, which generally requires that the net derivative gain or loss related to the discontinued cash flow hedge should continue to be reported in accumulated OCI, unless it is probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur by the end of the originally specified time period or within an additional two-month period of time thereafter. The Company continues to hold repurchase agreements in excess of swap contracts and has no indication that interest payments on the hedged repurchase agreements are in jeopardy of discontinuing. Therefore, the deferred losses related to these derivatives that have been de-designated will not be recognized immediately and will remain in OCI. These losses are reclassified into earnings during the contractual terms of the swap agreements starting as of October 1, 2008. Changes in the unrealized gains or losses on the interest rate swaps subsequent to September 30, 2008 are reflected in the Company’s statement of operations.
Credit Risk – The Company has limited its exposure to credit losses on its portfolio of Investment Securities by only purchasing securities issued by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, or Ginnie Mae and agency debentures issued by the FHLB, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The payment of principal and interest on the Freddie Mac, and Fannie Mae Mortgage-Backed Securities are guaranteed by those respective agencies, and the payment of principal and interest on the Ginnie Mae Mortgage-Backed Securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Principal and interest on agency debentures are guaranteed by the agency issuing the debenture. All of the Company’s Investment Securities have an actual or implied “AAA” rating. The Company faces credit risk on the portions of its portfolio which are not Investment Securities.
Market Risk - The current situation in the mortgage sector and the current weakness in the broader mortgage market could adversely affect one or more of the Company’s lenders and could cause one or more of the Company’s lenders to be unwilling or unable to provide additional financing. This could potentially increase the Company’s financing costs and reduce liquidity. If one or more major market participants fails, it could negatively impact the marketability of all fixed income securities, including agency mortgage securities. This could negatively impact the value of the securities in the Company’s portfolio, thus reducing its net book value. Furthermore, if many of the Company’s lenders are unwilling or unable to provide additional financing, the Company could be forced to sell its Investment Securities at an inopportune time when prices are depressed. Even with the current situation in the mortgage sector, the Company does not anticipate having difficulty converting its assets to cash or extending financing terms due to the fact that its Investment Securities have an actual or implied “AAA” rating and principal payment is guaranteed by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, or Ginnie Mae.
Repurchase Agreements - The Company finances the acquisition of its Investment Securities through the use of repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are treated as collateralized financing transactions and are carried at their contractual amounts, including accrued interest, as specified in the respective agreements. Repurchase agreements entered into by RCap are matched with reverse repurchase agreements and are recorded on trade date with the duration of such repurchase agreements mirroring those of the matched reverse repurchase agreements. The repurchase agreements are recorded at the contract amount and margin calls are filled by RCap as required based on any deficiencies in collateral versus the contract price. RCap generates income from the spread between what is earned on the reverse repurchase agreements and what is paid on the repurchase agreements. Intercompany transactions are eliminated in the statement of financial condition, statement of operations, and statement of cash flows. Cash flows related to RCap’s repurchase agreements are included in cash flows from operating activity.
Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock- The Company classifies its Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred Stock”) on the consolidated statements of financial condition using the guidance in SEC Accounting Series Release No. 268, Presentation in Financial Statements of “Redeemable Preferred Stocks,” and Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Topic D-98, Classification and Measurement of Redeemable Securities. The Series B Preferred Stock contains fundamental change provisions that allow the holder to redeem the Series B Preferred Stock for cash if certain events occur. As redemption under these provisions is not solely within the Company’s control, the Company has classified the Series B Preferred Stock as temporary equity in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition.
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The Company has analyzed whether the embedded conversion option should be bifurcated under the guidance in SFAS No. 133 and EITF Issue No. 00-19, Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock, and has determined that bifurcation is not necessary.
Income Taxes - The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT and intends to comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), with respect thereto. Accordingly, the Company will not be subjected to federal income tax to the extent of its distributions to shareholders and as long as certain asset, income and stock ownership tests are met. The Company and each of its subsidiaries, FIDAC, Merganser, and RCap, have made separate joint elections to treat each subsidiary as a taxable REIT subsidiary of the Company. As such, each of the taxable REIT subsidiaries are taxable as a domestic C corporation and subject to federal, state, and local income taxes based upon its taxable income.
Use of Estimates - The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Goodwill and Intangible assets - The Company’s acquisitions of FIDAC and Merganser were accounted for using the purchase method. Under the purchase method, net assets and results of operations of acquired companies are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. In addition, the costs of FIDAC and Merganser were allocated to the assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, and the liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess of purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was recognized as goodwill. Goodwill and intangible assets are periodically (but not less frequently than annually) reviewed for potential impairment. Intangible assets with an estimated useful life are expected to amortize over a 10.7 year weighted average time period. During the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, there were no impairment losses.
Stock Based Compensation - The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation in accordance with SFAS No. 123 (Revised 2004) – Share-Based Payment (“SFAS 123R”). SFAS 123R requires the Company to measure and recognize in the consolidated financial statements the compensation cost relating to share-based payment transactions. The compensation cost should be reassessed based on the fair value of the equity instruments issued.
The Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award (that is, over the requisite service period of the last separately vesting portion of the award). The Company estimated fair value using the Black-Scholes valuation model.
Fair Value Measurement - In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (“SFAS 157”). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 requires companies to disclose the fair value of their financial instruments according to a fair value hierarchy (i.e., levels 1, 2, and 3, as defined). Additionally, companies are required to provide enhanced disclosure regarding instruments in the level 3 category (the valuation of which require significant management judgment), including a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances separately for each major category of assets and liabilities. SFAS 157 was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2008. SFAS 157 did not have an impact on the manner in which the Company estimates fair value, but it requires additional disclosure, which is included in Note 7.
A summary of Recent Accounting Pronouncements Follows:
In February 2008, FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 140-3 Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing Transactions (“FSP FAS 140-3”). FSP FAS 140-3 addresses whether transactions where assets purchased from a particular counterparty and financed through a repurchase agreement with the same counterparty can be considered and accounted for as separate transactions, or are required to be considered “linked” transactions and may be considered derivatives under SFAS 133. FSP FAS 140-3 requires purchases and subsequent financing through repurchase agreements be considered linked transactions unless all of the following conditions apply: (1) the initial purchase and the use of repurchase agreements to finance the purchase are not contractually contingent upon each other; (2) the repurchase financing entered into between the parties provides full recourse to the transferee and the repurchase price is fixed; (3) the financial assets are readily obtainable in the market; and (4) the financial instrument and the repurchase agreement are not coterminous. This FSP was effective for the Company on January 1, 2009. The implementation of this FSP did not have a material effect on the financial statements of the Company.
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On January 1, 2009, the Company adopted SFAS 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an Amendment of ARB No. 51 (“SFAS 160”), which requires the Company to make certain changes to the presentation of its financial statements. This standard requires the Company to classify noncontrolling interests (previously referred to as “minority interest”) as part of consolidated net income and to include the accumulated amount of noncontrolling interests as part of stockholders’ equity. Similarly, in its presentation of stockholders’ equity, the Company distinguishes between equity amounts attributable to controlling interest and amounts attributable to the noncontrolling interests – previously classified as minority interest outside of stockholders’ equity. For the quarter ended June 30, 2009, the Company does not have any consolidated noncontrolling interest. In addition to these financial reporting changes, SFAS 160 provides for significant changes in accounting related to noncontrolling interests; specifically, increases and decreases in its controlling financial interests in consolidated subsidiaries will be reported in equity similar to treasury stock transactions. If a change in ownership of a consolidated subsidiary results in loss of control and deconsolidation, any retained ownership interests are remeasured with the gain or loss reported in net earnings. Since the first quarter of 2008, the Company did not have any noncontrolling interest in any of its subsidiaries. However, the retrospective effect of the presentation and disclosure requirement under SFAS 160 was applied.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations, (“SFAS 141R”) which replaces SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations. SFAS 141R establishes principles and requirements for recognizing and measuring identifiable assets and goodwill acquired, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in a business combination at their fair value at acquisition date. SFAS 141R alters the treatment of acquisition-related costs, business combinations achieved in stages (referred to as a step acquisition), the treatment of gains from a bargain purchase, the recognition of contingencies in business combinations, the treatment of in-process research and development in a business combination as well as the treatment of recognizable deferred tax benefits. SFAS 141R is effective for business combinations closed in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. SFAS 141R is applicable to business acquisitions completed after January 1, 2009. The Company did not make any business acquisitions during the quarter ended June 30, 2009. The adoption of SFAS 141R did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161 (“SFAS 161”), Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, and an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133. SFAS 161 attempts to improve the transparency of financial reporting by mandating the provision of additional information about how derivative and hedging activities affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows. This statement changes the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities by requiring enhanced disclosure about (1) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (2) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS 133 and its related interpretations, and (3) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. To meet these mandates, SFAS 161 requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair value amounts, gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements. This disclosure framework is intended to better convey the purpose of derivative use in terms of the risks that an entity is intending to manage. SFAS 161 was effective for the Company as of January 1, 2009 and was adopted prospectively. The Company discontinued hedge accounting as of September 30, 2008, and therefore the effect of the adoption of SFAS 161 will be a minimal increase in footnote disclosures. A table of the effect of the de-designated swap transactions is included to indicate the effect on OCI and Other Income (Expense) in Note 9.
On October 10, 2008, FASB issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) 157-3, Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active (“FSP 157-3”), in response to the deterioration of the credit markets. This FSP provides guidance clarifying how SFAS 157 should be applied when valuing securities in markets that are not active. The guidance provides an illustrative example that applies the objectives and framework of SFAS 157, utilizing management’s internal cash flow and discount rate assumptions when relevant observable data does not exist. It further clarifies how observable market information and market quotes should be considered when measuring fair value in an inactive market. It reaffirms the notion of fair value as an exit price as of the measurement date and that fair value analysis is a transactional process and should not be broadly applied to a group of assets. FSP 157-3 was effective upon issuance including prior periods for which financial statements have not been issued. FSP 157-3 did not have a material effect on the fair value of its assets as the Company intends to continue to hold assets that can be valued via level 1 and level 2 criteria, as defined under SFAS 157.
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On October 3, 2008 the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (the “EESA”) was signed into law. Section 133 of the EESA mandated that the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) conduct a study on mark-to-market accounting standards. The SEC provided its study to the US Congress on December 30, 2008. Part of the recommendations within the study indicated that “fair value requirements should be improved through development of application and best practices guidance for determining fair value in illiquid or inactive markets.” As a result of this study and the recommendations therein, the FASB issued Staff Position (FSP) FAS 157-4, Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly. This FSP provides additional guidance on determining fair value when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have significantly decreased when compared with normal market activity for the asset or liability (or similar assets or liabilities). The FSP gives specific factors to evaluate if there has been a decrease in normal market activity and if so, provides a methodology to analyze transactions or quoted prices and make necessary adjustments to fair value in accordance with Statement 157. The objective is to determine the point within a range of fair value estimates that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions. FSP FAS157-4 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009 with early adoption permitted for periods ending after March 15, 2009 and the Company decided to early adopt FSP FAS 157-4. The implementation of FSP FAS157-4 did not have a major impact on the manner in which the Company estimates fair value, nor does it have any impact on our financial statement disclosure.
Additionally, in conjunction with FSP 157-4, the FASB issued FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2, Recognition and Presentation of Other Than Temporary Impairments. The objective of the new guidance is to make impairment guidance more operational and to improve the presentation and disclosure of other-than-temporary impairments (“OTTI”) on debt and equity securities in financial statements. This guidance was also the result of the SEC mark-to-market study mandated under the EESA. The SEC’s recommendation was to “evaluate the need for modifications (or the elimination) of current OTTI guidance to provide for a more uniform system of impairment testing standards for financial instruments”. The guidance revises the OTTI evaluation methodology. Previously the analytical focus was on whether the company had the “intent and ability to retain its investment in the debt security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value”. Now the focus is on whether the Company has the (1) the intent to sell the Investment Securities, (2) it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the Investment Securities before recovery, or (3) it does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the Investment Securities. Further, the security is analyzed for credit loss, (the difference between the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis). The credit loss, if any, will then be recognized in the statement of earnings, while the balance of impairment related to other factors will be recognized in OCI. FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 are effective for all interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2009 with early adoption permitted for periods ending after March 15, 2009 and the Company decided to early adopt FSP FAS 115-2 and FSP FAS 124-2. For the quarter ended June 30, 2009, the Company did not have unrealized losses in Investment Securities that were deemed other-than-temporary.
On April 9, 2009, the FASB also issued FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1, Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The guidance requires disclosures about fair value of financial instruments for interim reporting periods as well as in annual financial statements. The effective date of this rule guidance is for interim reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009 with early adoption permitted for periods ending after March 15, 2009. The adoption of FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1 did not have any impact on financial reporting as all financial instruments are currently reported at fair value in both interim and annual periods.
In May 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 165, Subsequent Events ("SFAS 165"). SFAS 165 establishes general standards governing accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. SFAS 165 also provides guidance on the period after the balance sheet date during which management of a reporting entity should evaluate events or transactions that may occur for potential recognition or disclosure in the financial statements, the circumstances under which an entity should recognize events or transactions occurring after the balance sheet date in its financial statements and the disclosures that an entity should make about events or transactions occurring after the balance sheet date. The Company adopted SFAS 165 effective June 30, 2009, and adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company evaluated subsequent events through the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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On June 12, 2009, the FASB issued FAS No. 166, Accounting for Transfer of Financial Assets – an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 140 (“SFAS 166”), which amends the derecognition guidance in FAS No. 140. FAS No. 166 eliminates the concept of a qualified special purpose entity (“QSPE”) and eliminates the exception from applying FIN 46(R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities to QSPEs. Additionally, this Statement clarifies that the objective of paragraph 9 of FAS 140 is to determine whether a transferor has surrendered control over transferred financial assets. That determination must consider the transferor’s continuing involvements in the transferred financial asset, including all arrangements or agreements made contemporaneously with, or in contemplation of, the transfer, even if they were not entered into at the time of the transfer. FAS No. 166 modifies the financial-components approach used in Statement FAS No. 140 and limits the circumstances in which a financial asset, or portion of a financial asset, should be derecognized when the transferor has not transferred the entire original financial asset to an entity that is not consolidated with the transferor in the financial statements being presented and/or when the transferor has continuing involvement with the transferred financial asset. It defines the term "participating interest" to establish specific conditions for reporting a transfer of a portion of a financial asset as a sale. Under this statement, when the transfer of financial assets are accounted for as a sale, the transferor must recognize and initially measure at fair value all assets obtained and liabilities incurred as a result of the transfer. This includes any retained beneficial interest. The implementation of this standard materially effects the securitization process in general, as it eliminates off-balance sheet transactions when an entity retains any interest in or control over assets transferred in this process. However, we do not believe the implementation of this standard will materially affect our company as we have no off -balance sheet transactions, no QSPEs, nor have we transferred assets via securitization. The effective date for FAS 166 is January 1, 2010.
In conjunction with SFAS No. 166, FASB issued FAS 167, Amendment to FASB Interpretation No 46(R) (“SFAS 167”). This statement requires an enterprise to perform an analysis to determine whether the enterprise's variable interest or interests give it a controlling financial interest in a variable interest entity ("VIE"). The analysis identifies the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (VIE) as the enterprise that has both: a) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and b) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity which could potentially be significant to the VIE. With the removal of the QSPE exemption, established QSPEs must be evaluated for consolidation under this statement. This statement requires enhanced disclosures to provide users of financial statements with more transparent information about and an enterprise's involvement in a VIE. Further, this statement also requires ongoing assessments of whether an enterprise is the primary beneficiary of a VIE. The Company is not, currently, the primary beneficiary of any VIEs. The effective date for FAS 167 is January 1, 2010. Upon implementation and, as required by the standard, on an ongoing basis, the Company will assess the applicability of this standard to its holdings and report accordingly.
In June 2009, the FASB issued FAS No. 168, The FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. A replacement of FASB Statement No. 162 (“SFAS 168”). This Statement identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with GAAP in the United States (the GAAP hierarchy). The objective of this Statement SFAS 168 is to establish the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (the "Codification") as the source of authoritative accounting principles recognized by the FASB. After the effective date of this Statement, SFAS 168, all non-grandfathered, non-SEC accounting literature not included in the Codification is superseded and deemed non-authoritative. SFAS 168 revises the framework for selecting the accounting principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements that are presented in conformity with GAAP. In doing so, the Codification will require the references within the Company's financial statement to be modified. Additionally, although it is not the FASB's intent to alter any guidance, certain modifications in verbiage may, indeed, require the Company to evaluate whether such modification would need to be accounted for as an "accounting change" or as a "correction of an error" in accordance with FAS No. 154, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections-a replacement of APB Opinion No. 20 and FASB Statement No. 3. The codification was implemented on July 1, 2009 and will be effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. The Company expects to conform our financial statements and related Notes to the new Codification for the quarter ended September 30, 2009.
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2. MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES
The following tables present the Company’s available-for-sale Mortgage-Backed Securities portfolio as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 which were carried at their fair value:
June 30, 2009 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | Federal National Mortgage Association | Government National Mortgage Association | Total Mortgage- Backed Securities | ||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-Backed | ||||||||||||||||
Securities, gross | $ | 20,107,289 | $ | 41,473,471 | $ | 1,095,474 | $ | 62,676,234 | ||||||||
Unamortized discount | (23,353 | ) | (31,944 | ) | (86 | ) | (55,383 | ) | ||||||||
Unamortized premium | 249,822 | 703,958 | 27,114 | 980,894 | ||||||||||||
Amortized cost | 20,333,758 | 42,145,485 | 1,122,502 | 63,601,745 | ||||||||||||
Gross unrealized gains | 603,310 | 1,072,807 | 25,281 | 1,701,398 | ||||||||||||
Gross unrealized losses | (41,163 | ) | (96,489 | ) | (365 | ) | (138,017 | ) | ||||||||
Estimated fair value | $ | 20,895,905 | $ | 43,121,803 | $ | 1,147,418 | $ | 65,165,126 | ||||||||
Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gain | Gross Unrealized Loss | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Adjustable rate | $ | 19,852,419 | $ | 493,547 | $ | (111,885 | ) | $ | 20,234,081 | |||||||
Fixed rate | 43,749,326 | 1,207,851 | (26,132 | ) | 44,931,045 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 63,601,745 | $ | 1,701,398 | $ | (138,017 | ) | $ | 65,165,126 |
December 31, 2008 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | Federal National Mortgage Association | Government National Mortgage Association | Total Mortgage- Backed Securities | ||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-Backed | ||||||||||||||||
Securities, gross | $ | 19,898,430 | $ | 32,749,123 | $ | 1,259,118 | $ | 53,906,671 | ||||||||
Unamortized discount | (26,733 | ) | (36,647 | ) | (787 | ) | (64,167 | ) | ||||||||
Unamortized premium | 212,354 | 381,433 | 25,694 | 619,481 | ||||||||||||
Amortized cost | 20,084,051 | 33,093,909 | 1,284,025 | 54,461,985 | ||||||||||||
Gross unrealized gains | 297,366 | 468,824 | 14,606 | 780,796 | ||||||||||||
Gross unrealized losses | (71,195 | ) | (123,443 | ) | (1,148 | ) | (195,786 | ) | ||||||||
Estimated fair value | $ | 20,310,222 | $ | 33,439,290 | $ | 1,297,483 | $ | 55,046,995 | ||||||||
Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gain | Gross Unrealized Loss | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Adjustable rate | $ | 19,509,017 | $ | 287,249 | $ | (178,599 | ) | $ | 19,617,667 | |||||||
Fixed rate | 34,952,968 | 493,547 | (17,187 | ) | 35,429,328 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 54,461,985 | $ | 780,796 | $ | (195,786 | ) | $ | 55,046,995 |
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Actual maturities of Mortgage-Backed Securities are generally shorter than stated contractual maturities because actual maturities of Mortgage-Backed Securities are affected by the contractual lives of the underlying mortgages, periodic payments of principal, and prepayments of principal. The following table summarizes the Company’s Mortgage-Backed Securities on June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, according to their estimated weighted-average life classifications:
June 30, 2009 | December 31, 2008 | |||||||||||||||
Weighted-Average Life | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | ||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Less than one year | $ | 51,189,319 | $ | 50,078,623 | $ | 4,147,646 | $ | 4,181,282 | ||||||||
Greater than one year and less than five years | 8,643,064 | 8,369,066 | 37,494,312 | 37,102,706 | ||||||||||||
Greater than or equal to five years | 5,332,743 | 5,154,056 | 13,405,037 | 13,177,997 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 65,165,126 | $ | 63,601,745 | $ | 55,046,995 | $ | 54,461,985 |
The weighted-average lives of the Mortgage-Backed Securities at June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 in the table above are based upon data provided through subscription-based financial information services, assuming constant principal prepayment rates to the reset date of each security. The prepayment model considers current yield, forward yield, steepness of the yield curve, current mortgage rates, mortgage rate of the outstanding loans, loan age, margin and volatility. The actual weighted average lives of the Mortgage-Backed Securities could be longer or shorter than estimated.
The following table presents the gross unrealized losses, and estimated fair value of the Company’s Mortgage-Backed Securities by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
Unrealized Loss Position For: (dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less than 12 Months | 12 Months or More | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Estimated Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | Estimated Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | Estimated Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | |||||||||||||||||||
June 30, 2009 | $ | 5,259,993 | $ | (27,171 | ) | $ | 3,940,110 | $ | (110,846 | ) | $ | 9,200,103 | $ | (138,017 | ) | |||||||||
December 31, 2008 | $ | 4,631,897 | $ | (65,790 | ) | $ | 4,267,448 | $ | (129,996 | ) | $ | 8,899,345 | $ | (195,786 | ) |
The decline in value of these securities is solely due to market conditions and not the quality of the assets. All of the Mortgage-Backed Securities are “AAA” rated or carry an implied “AAA” rating. At June 30, 2009, the Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired because the Company currently does not have the intent to sell the Investment Securities and more likely than not, the Company will not be required to sell the Investment Securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity. Also, the Company is guaranteed payment of the principal amount of the securities by the government agency which created them.
The adjustable rate Mortgage-Backed Securities are limited by periodic caps (generally interest rate adjustments are limited to no more than 1% every nine months) and lifetime caps. The weighted average lifetime cap was 10.1% at June 30, 2009 and 10.0% at December 31, 2008.
During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009, the Company sold $524.2 million and $1.4 billion of Mortgage-Backed Securities, resulting in a realized gain of $2.4 million and $7.4 million, respectively. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company sold $2.1 billion and $6.2 billion of Mortgage-Backed Securities, resulting in a realized gain of $2.8 million and $12.2 million, respectively.
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3. AGENCY DEBENTURES
At June 30, 2009, the Company owned agency debentures with a carrying value of $616.9 million, including an unrealized loss of $6.5 million. At December 31, 2008, the Company owned agency debentures with a carrying value of $598.9 million including an unrealized loss of $2.8 million.
4. AVAILABLE FOR SALE EQUITY SECURITIES
All of the available-for-sale equity securities are shares of Chimera and are reported at fair value. The Company owned approximately 45.0 million shares of Chimera at a fair value of approximately $157.0 million at June 30, 2009 and approximately 15.3 million shares of Chimera at fair value of approximately $52.8 million at December 31, 2008. At June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the investment in Chimera had an unrealized gain of $18.1 million and $4.0 million, respectively.
5. REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENT
At June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Company had lent $123.5 million and $562.1 million, respectively, to Chimera in a weekly reverse repurchase agreement. This amount is included at the principal amount which approximates fair value in the Company’s Statement of Financial Condition. The interest rate at June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 was at the market rate of 1.79% and 1.43%, respectively. The collateral for this loan is mortgage-backed securities with a fair value of $183.0 million and $680.8 million at June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.
At June 30, 2009, RCap, in its ordinary course of business, financed though matched repurchase agreements, at current market rates, $47.4 million for a fund that is managed by FIDAC.
6. RECEIVABLE FROM PRIME BROKER
The net assets of the investment fund owned by the Company are subject to English bankruptcy law, which governs the administration of Lehman Brothers International (Europe) (“LBIE”), as well as the law of New York, which governs the contractual documents. Until the Company’s contractual documents with LBIE are terminated, the value of the assets and liabilities in its account with LBIE will continue to fluctuate based on market movements. The Company does not intend to terminate these contractual documents until LBIE's administrators have clarified the consequences of doing so. The Company has not received notice from LBIE's administrators that LBIE has terminated the documents. LBIE’s administrators have advised the Company that they can provide no additional information about the account at this time. As a result, the Company has recorded a receivable from LBIE based on the fair value of its account with LBIE as of September 15, 2008 of $16.9 million, which is the date of the last statement it received from LBIE on the account’s assets and liabilities. The Company can provide no assurance, however, that it will recover all or any portion of these assets following completion of LBIE's administration (and any subsequent liquidation). Based on the information known at June 30, 2009, a loss was not determined to be probable. If additional information indicates otherwise and it is determined that the loss is probable, the estimated loss will be reflected in the statement of operations.
7. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurement and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follow:
Level 1– inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
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Level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to overall fair value.
Available for sale equity securities are valued based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in an active market. Mortgage-Backed Securities and interest rate swaps are valued using quoted prices for similar assets and dealer quotes. The dealer will incorporate common market pricing methods, including a spread measurement to the Treasury curve or interest rate swap curve as well as underlying characteristics of the particular security including coupon, periodic and life caps, rate reset period and expected life of the security. Management reviews all prices used to ensure that current market conditions are represented. This review includes comparisons of similar market transactions and comparisons to a pricing model. The Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis are valued as follows:
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | ||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Assets: | ||||||||||||
Mortgage-Backed Securities | - | $ | 65,165,126 | - | ||||||||
Agency debentures | - | 616,893 | - | |||||||||
Available for sale equity securities | $ | 156,990 | - | - | ||||||||
Interest rate swaps | - | 7,267 | - | |||||||||
Liabilities: | ||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps | - | $ | 722,700 | - |
The classification of assets and liabilities by level remains unchanged at June 30, 2009, when compared to the previous quarter.
8. REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Company had outstanding $51.3 billion and $46.7 billion of repurchase agreements with weighted average borrowing rates of 2.54% and 4.08%, after giving effect to the Company’s interest rate swaps, and weighted average remaining maturities of 196 days and 238 days as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. Investment Securities pledged as collateral under these repurchase agreements and interest rate swaps had an estimated fair value of $55.8 billion at June 30, 2009 and $51.8 billion at December 31, 2008.
At June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the repurchase agreements had the following remaining maturities:
June 30, 2009 | December 31, 2008 | |||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||
1 day | $ | 3,969,859 | $ | - | ||||
2 to 29 days | 35,087,648 | 32,025,186 | ||||||
30 to 59 days | 4,182,992 | 5,205,352 | ||||||
60 to 89 days | 207,272 | 209,673 | ||||||
90 to 119 days | 712,181 | 254,674 | ||||||
Over 120 days | 7,166,978 | 8,980,000 | ||||||
Total | $ | 51,326,930 | $ | 46,674,885 |
The Company did not have an amount at risk greater than 10% of the equity of the Company with any counterparty as of June 30, 2009 or December 31, 2008.
The Company has entered into long-term repurchase agreements which provide the counterparty with the right to call the balance prior to maturity date. These repurchase agreements totaled $8.8 billion and the fair value of the option to call was ($405.9 million) at June 30, 2009. These repurchase agreements totaled $8.1 billion and the fair value of the option to call was ($574.3 million) at December 31, 2008. Management has determined that the call option is not required to be bifurcated under the provisions of SFAS 133 as it is deemed clearly and closely related to the debt instrument, therefore the fair value of the option is not recorded in the consolidated financial statements.
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The structured repurchase agreements are modeled and priced as pay fixed versus receive floating interest rate swaps whereby the fixed receiver has the option to cancel the swap after an initial lockout period. Therefore the structured repurchase agreements are priced as a combination of an interest rate swaps with an embedded call options.
9. INTEREST RATE SWAPS
In connection with the Company’s interest rate risk management strategy, the Company hedges a portion of its interest rate risk by entering into derivative financial instrument contracts. As of June 30, 2009, such instruments are comprised of interest rate swaps, which in effect modify the cash flows on repurchase agreements. The use of interest rate swaps creates exposure to credit risk relating to potential losses that could be recognized if the counterparties to these instruments fail to perform their obligations under the contracts. In the event of a default by the counterparty, the Company could have difficulty obtaining its Mortgage-Backed Securities pledged as collateral for swaps. The Company does not anticipate any defaults by its counterparties.
The Company’s swaps are used to lock in the fixed rate related to a portion of its current and anticipated future 30-day term repurchase agreements.
The location and fair value of derivative instruments reported in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of June 30, 2009 are as follows:
Location on Statement of Financial Condition | Notional Amount (dollars in thousands) | Net Estimated Fair Value/Carrying Value (dollars in thousands) | |||||||
June 30, 2009 | Liabilities | $ | 18,383,650 | $ | (722,700 | ) | |||
June 30, 2009 | Assets | $ | 1,450,000 | $ | 7,267 |
The effect of derivatives on the Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income is as follows:
Location on Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income | ||||||||
Interest Expense | Unrealized Gain on Interest Rate Swaps | |||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2009 | $ | 175,080 | $ | 230,207 |
The weighted average pay rate at June 30, 2009 was 4.20% and the weighted average receive rate was 0.38%. |
10. PREFERRED STOCK AND COMMON STOCK |
(A) | Common Stock Issuances |
During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009, 8,375 and 64,262 options were exercised under the Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan, or Incentive Plan, for an aggregate exercise price of $98,000 and $722,000. During the six months ended June 30, 2009, 7,550 shares of restricted stock were issued under the Incentive Plan. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009, 2,750 and 1.4 million shares of Series B Preferred Stock were converted into 5,837 and 2.8 million shares of common stock, respectively.
During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2008, 16,600 and 187,217 options were exercised under the Incentive Plan for an aggregate exercise price of $195,000 and $1.8 million respectively.
On May 13, 2008 the Company entered into an underwriting agreement pursuant to which it sold 69,000,000 shares of its common stock for net proceeds following underwriting expenses of approximately $1.1 billion. This transaction settled on May 19, 2008.
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On January 23, 2008 the Company entered into an underwriting agreement pursuant to which it sold 58,650,000 shares of its common stock for net proceeds following underwriting expenses of approximately $1.1 billion. This transaction settled on January 29, 2008.
During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company raised $93.7 million by issuing 5.8 million shares, through the Direct Purchase and Dividend Reinvestment Program.
During the year ended December 31, 2008, 300,000 options were exercised under the Incentive Plan for an aggregate exercise price of $2.8 million.
On August 3, 2006, the Company entered into an ATM Equity Offering(sm) Sales Agreement with Merrill Lynch & Co. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, relating to the sale of shares of the Company’s common stock from time to time through Merrill Lynch. Sales of the shares, if any, are made by means of ordinary brokers' transaction on the New York Stock Exchange. During the quarter and six month ended June 30, 2009, the Company did not issue shares pursuant to this program. During the year ended December 31, 2008, 588,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were issued pursuant to this program, totaling $11.5 million in net proceeds.
On August 3, 2006, the Company entered into an ATM Equity Sales Agreement with UBS Securities LLC, relating to the sale of shares of the Company’s common stock from time to time through UBS Securities. Sales of the shares, if any, will be made by means of ordinary brokers' transaction on the New York Stock Exchange. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009, the Company did not issue shares pursuant to this program. During the year ended December 31, 2008, 3.8 million shares of the Company’s common stock were issued pursuant to this program, totaling $60.3 million in net proceeds.
(B) Preferred Stock
At June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Company had issued and outstanding 7,412,500 shares of Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”), with a par value $0.01 per share and a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared). The Series A Preferred Stock must be paid a dividend at a rate of 7.875% per year on the $25.00 liquidation preference before the common stock is entitled to receive any dividends. The Series A Preferred Stock is redeemable at $25.00 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared) exclusively at the Company's option commencing on April 5, 2009 (subject to the Company's right under limited circumstances to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock earlier in order to preserve its qualification as a REIT). The Series A Preferred Stock is senior to the Company's common stock and is on parity with the Series B Preferred Stock with respect to dividends and distributions, including distributions upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up. The Series A Preferred Stock generally does not have any voting rights, except if the Company fails to pay dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock for six or more quarterly periods (whether or not consecutive). Under such circumstances, the Series A Preferred Stock, together with the Series B Preferred Stock, will be entitled to vote to elect two additional directors to the Board, until all unpaid dividends have been paid or declared and set apart for payment. In addition, certain material and adverse changes to the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock cannot be made without the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock. Through June 30, 2009, the Company had declared and paid all required quarterly dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock.
At June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Company had issued and outstanding 2,604,814 and 3,963,525 shares, respectively, of Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred Stock”), with a par value $0.01 per share and a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared). The Series B Preferred Stock must be paid a dividend at a rate of 6% per year on the $25.00 liquidation preference before the common stock is entitled to receive any dividends. The Series B Preferred Stock is not redeemable. The Series B Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of common stock at a conversion rate that adjusts from time to time upon the occurrence of certain events, including if the Company distributes to its common shareholders in any calendar quarter cash dividends in excess of $0.11 per share. Initially, the conversion rate was 1.7730 shares of common shares per $25 liquidation preference. At June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the conversion ratio was 2.1946 and 2.0650 shares of common stock, respectively, per $25 liquidation preference. Commencing April 5, 2011, the Company has the right in certain circumstances to convert each Series B Preferred Stock into a number of common shares based upon the then prevailing conversion rate. The Series B Preferred Stock is also convertible into common shares at the option of the Series B preferred shareholder at anytime at the then prevailing conversion rate. The Series B Preferred Stock is senior to the Company's common stock and is on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to dividends and distributions, including distributions upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up. The Series B Preferred Stock generally does not have any voting rights, except if the Company fails to pay dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock for six or more quarterly periods (whether or not consecutive). Under such circumstances, the Series B Preferred Stock, together with the Series A Preferred Stock, will be entitled to vote to elect two additional directors to the Board, until all unpaid dividends have been paid or declared and set apart for payment. In addition, certain material and adverse changes to the terms of the Series B Preferred Stock cannot be made without the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock and Series A Preferred Stock. Through June 30, 2009, the Company had declared and paid all required quarterly dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009, 2,750 and 1.4 million shares of Series B Preferred Stock were converted into 5,837 and 2.8 million shares of common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2008, 636,475 shares of series B Preferred Stock were converted into 1.3 million shares of common stock.
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(C) Distributions to Shareholders
During the quarter ended June 30, 2009, the Company declared dividends to common shareholders totaling $326.6 million or $0.60 per share, which were paid to shareholders on July 29, 2009. During the six months ended June 30, 2009, the company declared dividends to common shareholders totaling $598.8 million, or $1.10 per share. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009, the Company declared dividends to Series A Preferred shareholders totaling approximately $3.6 million or $0.492188 per share and $7.3 million or $0.984376 per share, respectively, and Series B shareholders totaling approximately $977,000 or $0.375 per share and $2.0 million or $0.75 per share, respectively.
11. NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE
The following table presents a reconciliation of the net income and shares used in calculating basic and diluted earnings per share for the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008.
For the Quarters Ended June 30, | For the Six Months June 30, | |||||||||||||||
2009 | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||||||||
Net income attributable to controlling interest | $ | 597,054 | $ | 307,992 | $ | 946,947 | $ | 551,028 | ||||||||
Less: Preferred stock dividends | 4,625 | 5,334 | 9,251 | 10,707 | ||||||||||||
Net income available to common shareholders, prior to adjustment for Series B dividends, if necessary | $ | 592,429 | $ | 302,658 | $ | 937,696 | $ | 540,321 | ||||||||
Add: Preferred Series B dividends, if Series B shares are dilutive | 977 | 1,685 | 1,955 | 3,410 | ||||||||||||
Net income available to common shareholders, as adjusted | $ | 593,406 | $ | 304,343 | $ | 939,651 | $ | 543,731 | ||||||||
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding-basic | 544,345 | 503,758 | 543,628 | 473,785 | ||||||||||||
Add: Effect of dilutive stock options and | 38 | 128 | 50 | 235 | ||||||||||||
Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock | 5,717 | 8,793 | 5,717 | 8,793 | ||||||||||||
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding-diluted | 550,100 | 512,679 | 549,395 | 482,813 |
Options to purchase 4.5 million and 4.5 million shares of common stock were outstanding and considered anti-dilutive as their exercise price exceeded the average stock price for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009, respectively. Options to purchase 1.8 million and 572,000 shares of common stock were outstanding and considered anti-dilutive as their exercise price exceeded the average stock price for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively.
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12. LONG-TERM STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN
The Company has adopted a long term stock incentive plan for executive officers, key employees and non-employee directors (the “Incentive Plan”). The Incentive Plan authorizes the Compensation Committee of the board of directors to grant awards, including non-qualified options as well as incentive stock options as defined under Section 422 of the Code. The Incentive Plan authorizes the granting of options or other awards for an aggregate of the greater of 500,000 shares or 9.5% of the diluted outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, up to a ceiling of 8,932,921 shares. Stock options are issued at the current market price on the date of grant, subject to an immediate or four year vesting in four equal installments with a contractual term of 5 or 10 years. The grant date fair value is calculated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model.
For the Six Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||
June 30, 2009 | June 30, 2008 | |||||||||||||||
Number of Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Number of Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price | |||||||||||||
Options outstanding at the beginning of period | 5,180,164 | $ | 15.87 | 3,437,267 | $ | 15.23 | ||||||||||
Granted | 2,537,000 | 13.26 | 1,004,900 | 16.45 | ||||||||||||
Exercised | (64,262 | ) | 11.24 | (187,217 | ) | 9.77 | ||||||||||
Forfeited | (10,000 | ) | 15.61 | (2,550 | ) | 16.16 | ||||||||||
Expired | (11,250 | ) | 17.32 | (5,000 | ) | 20.70 | ||||||||||
Options outstanding at the end of period | 7,631,652 | $ | 15.04 | 4,247,400 | $ | 15.76 | ||||||||||
Options exercisable at the end of period | 2,229,577 | $ | 16.13 | 2,060,750 | $ | 15.92 |
The weighted average remaining contractual term was approximately 8.0 years for stock options outstanding and approximately 5.3 years for stock options exercisable as of June 30, 2009. As of June 30, 2009, there was approximately $15.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation awards. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.4 years.
The weighted average remaining contractual term was approximately 7.4 years for stock options outstanding and approximately 5.9 years for stock options exercisable as of June 30, 2008. As of June 30, 2008, there was approximately $5.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation awards. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.2 years.
During the six months ended June 30, 2009, the Company granted 7,550 shares of restricted common stock to certain of its employees. As of June 30, 2009, 5,663 of these restricted shares were unvested and subject to forfeiture. During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company granted 7,000 shares of restricted common stock to certain of its employees. As of June 30, 2009, 3,360 of these restricted shares were unvested and subject to forfeiture.
13. INCOME TAXES
As a REIT, the Company is not subject to federal income tax on earnings distributed to its shareholders. Most states recognize REIT status as well. The Company has decided to distribute the majority of its income and retain a portion of the permanent difference between book and taxable income arising from Section 162(m) of the Code pertaining to employee remuneration.
During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009, the Company’s taxable REIT subsidiaries recorded $1.6 million and $2.1 million of income tax expense for income attributable to those subsidiaries, and the portion of earnings retained based on Code Section 162(m) limitations. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009, the Company recorded $6.2 million and $12.1 million of income tax expense for a portion of earnings retained based on Section 162(m) limitations. The effective tax rate was 54% for the six months ended June 30, 2009.
During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2008, FIDAC, a taxable REIT subsidiary, recorded $856,000 and $1.6 million, respectively, of income tax expense for income and for the portion of earnings retained based on Code Section 162(m) limitations. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company recorded $6.7 million and $10.5 million, respectively, of income tax expense for a portion of earnings retained based on Section 162(m) limitations. The effective tax rate was 52% for the six months ended June 30, 2008.
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The Company’s effective tax rate was 54% and 52% for the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. These rates differed from the federal statutory rate as a result of state and local taxes and permanent difference pertaining to employee remuneration as discussed above.
The statutory combined federal, state, and city corporate tax rate is 45%. This amount is applied to the amount of estimated REIT taxable income retained (if any, and only up to 10% of ordinary income as all capital gain income is distributed) and to taxable income earned at the taxable subsidiaries. Thus, as a REIT, the Company’s effective tax rate is significantly less as it is allowed to deduct dividend distributions.
14. LEASE COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company has a non-cancelable lease for office space, which commenced in May 2002 and expires in December 2009. The Company’s aggregate future minimum lease payments total $266,000. Merganser has a non-cancelable lease for office space, which commenced on May 2003 and expires in May 2014. The following table details the lease payments, net of sub-lease receipts.
Year Ending December | Lease Commitment | Sublease Income | Net Amount | |||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
2009 (remaining) | $ | 300 | $ | 67 | $ | 233 | ||||||
2010 | 608 | 56 | 552 | |||||||||
2011 | 632 | - | 632 | |||||||||
2012 | 642 | - | 642 | |||||||||
2013 | 682 | - | 682 | |||||||||
Thereafter | 189 | - | 189 | |||||||||
$ | 3,053 | $ | 123 | $ | 2,930 |
From time to time, the Company is involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and therefore no accrual is required as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
Merganser’s prior owners may receive additional consideration as an earn-out during 2012 if Merganser meets specific performance goals under the merger agreement. The Company cannot currently calculate how much consideration will be paid under the earn-out provisions because the payment amount will vary depending upon whether and the extent to which Merganser achieves specific performance goals. Any amounts paid under this provision will be recorded as additional goodwill.
15. INTEREST RATE RISK
The primary market risk to the Company is interest rate risk. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors beyond the Company’s control. Changes in the general level of interest rates can affect net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income earned on interest-earning assets and the interest expense incurred in connection with the interest-bearing liabilities, by affecting the spread between the interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Changes in the level of interest rates also can affect the value of the Investment Securities and the Company’s ability to realize gains from the sale of these assets. A decline in the value of the Investment Securities pledged as collateral for borrowings under repurchase agreements could result in the counterparties demanding additional collateral pledges or liquidation of some of the existing collateral to reduce borrowing levels. Liquidation of collateral at losses could have an adverse accounting impact, as discussed in Note 1.
The Company seeks to manage the extent to which net income changes as a function of changes in interest rates by matching adjustable-rate assets with variable-rate borrowings. The Company may seek to mitigate the potential impact on net income of periodic and lifetime coupon adjustment restrictions in the portfolio of Investment Securities by entering into interest rate agreements such as interest rate caps and interest rate swaps. As of June 30, 2009, the Company had entered into interest rate swaps to pay a fixed rate and receive a floating rate of interest, with a total notional amount of $19.8 billion.
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Changes in interest rates may also have an effect on the rate of mortgage principal prepayments and, as a result, prepayments on Mortgage-Backed Securities. The Company will seek to mitigate the effect of changes in the mortgage principal repayment rate by balancing assets purchased at a premium with assets purchased at a discount. To date, the aggregate premium exceeds the aggregate discount on the Mortgage-Backed Securities. As a result, prepayments, which result in the expensing of unamortized premium, will reduce net income compared to what net income would be absent such prepayments.
16. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
At June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Company had lent $123.5 million and $562.1 million, respectively, to Chimera pursuant to a weekly reverse repurchase agreement. This amount is included at the principal amount which approximates fair value in the Company’s Statement of Financial Condition. The interest rate at June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 was at the market rate of 1.79% and 1.43%, respectively. The collateral for this loan is mortgage-backed securities with a fair value of $183.0 million and $680.8 million at June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.
At June 30, 2009, the Company had $3.2 billion of repurchase agreements outstanding with RCap. The weighted average interest rate is 0.45% and the terms are one to two months. These agreements are collateralized by agency mortgage backed securities, with an estimated market value of $3.4 billion.
At June 30, 2009, RCap, in its ordinary course of business, financed through matched repurchase agreement, at market rates, $47.4 million for a fund managed by FIDAC.
17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
At August 4, 2009, the Company had lent $372.6 million to Chimera in a reverse repurchase agreement. At August 4, 2009, the Company had $4.3 billion of repurchase agreements outstanding with RCap.
Effective July 1, 2009 the Company entered into a lease extension and modification agreement for our offices at 1211 Ave of the Americas New York, NY 10036. The Company modified its existing lease to allow for the addition of space contiguous to its existing space for the remaining six months of 2009. In addition, the Company extended its existing lease, effective January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014, to included the space leased in 2009 as well as additional space that will become available on or prior to January 1, 2010.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements contained in this quarterly report, and certain statements contained in our future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the ”SEC” or the “Commission”), in our press releases or in our other public or shareholder communications may not be based on historical facts and are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements, which are based on various assumptions, (some of which are beyond our control) may be identified by reference to a future period or periods, or by the use of forward-looking terminology, such as “may,” ”will,” ”believe,” ”expect,” ”anticipate,” ”continue,” or similar terms or variations on those terms, or the negative of those terms. Actual results could differ materially from those set forth in forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates, changes in the yield curve, changes in prepayment rates, the availability of mortgage-backed securities and other securities for purchase, the availability of financing, and, if available, the terms of any financings, changes in the market value of our assets, changes in business conditions and the general economy, changes in governmental regulations affecting our business, and our ability to maintain our classification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, and risks associated with the investment advisory business of our subsidiaries, including the removal by their clients of assets they manage, their regulatory requirements, and competition in the investment advisory business, and risks associated with the broker dealer business of our subsidiary. For a discussion of the risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements, see our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. We do not undertake and specifically disclaim any obligation, to publicly release the result of any revisions which may be made to any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements.
Overview
We are a REIT that owns and manages a portfolio of principally mortgage-backed securities. Our principal business objective is to generate net income for distribution to our stockholders from the spread between the interest income on our investment securities and the costs of borrowing to finance our acquisition of investment securities and from dividends we receive from our taxable REIT subsidiaries. FIDAC and Merganser are our wholly-owned taxable REIT subsidiaries that are registered investment advisors that generate advisory and service fee income. RCap is our wholly-owned broker dealer taxable REIT subsidiary which generates fee income.
We are primarily engaged in the business of investing, on a leveraged basis, in mortgage pass-through certificates, collateralized mortgage obligations and other mortgage-backed securities representing interests in or obligations backed by pools of mortgage loans issued or guaranteed by Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) (collectively, “Mortgage-Backed Securities”). We also invest in Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”), Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae debentures. The Mortgage-Backed Securities and agency debentures are collectively referred to herein as “Investment Securities.”
Under our capital investment policy, at least 75% of our total assets must be comprised of high-quality mortgage-backed securities and short-term investments. High quality securities means securities that (1) are rated within one of the two highest rating categories by at least one of the nationally recognized rating agencies, (2) are unrated but are guaranteed by the United States government or an agency of the United States government, or (3) are unrated but we determine them to be of comparable quality to rated high-quality mortgage-backed securities.
The remainder of our assets, comprising not more than 25% of our total assets, may consist of other qualified REIT real estate assets which are unrated or rated less than high quality, but which are at least “investment grade” (rated “BBB” or better by Standard & Poor’s Corporation (“S&P”) or the equivalent by another nationally recognized rating agency) or, if not rated, we determine them to be of comparable credit quality to an investment which is rated “BBB” or better. In addition, we may directly or indirectly invest part of this remaining 25% of our assets in other types of securities, including without limitation, unrated debt, equity or derivative securities, to the extent consistent with our REIT qualification requirements. The derivative securities in which we invest may include securities representing the right to receive interest only or a disproportionately large amount of interest, as well as inverse floaters, which may have imbedded leverage as part of their structural characteristics.
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We may acquire Mortgage-Backed Securities backed by single-family residential mortgage loans as well as securities backed by loans on multi-family, commercial or other real estate related properties. To date, all of the Mortgage-Backed Securities that we have acquired have been backed by single-family residential mortgage loans.
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. Pursuant to the current federal tax regulations, one of the requirements of maintaining our status as a REIT is that we must distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and by excluding any net capital gain) to our stockholders, subject to certain adjustments.
The results of our operations are affected by various factors, many of which are beyond our control. Our results of operations primarily depend on, among other things, our net interest income, the market value of our assets and the supply of and demand for such assets. Our net interest income, which reflects the amortization of purchase premiums and accretion of discounts, varies primarily as a result of changes in interest rates, borrowing costs and prepayment speeds, the behavior of which involves various risks and uncertainties. Prepayment speeds, as reflected by the Constant Prepayment Rate, or CPR, and interest rates vary according to the type of investment, conditions in financial markets, competition and other factors, none of which can be predicted with any certainty. In general, as prepayment speeds on our Mortgage-Backed Securities portfolio increase, related purchase premium amortization increases, thereby reducing the net yield on such assets. The CPR on our Mortgage-Backed Securities portfolio averaged 19% and 16% for the quarters ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Since changes in interest rates may significantly affect our activities, our operating results depend, in large part, upon our ability to effectively manage interest rate risks and prepayment risks while maintaining our status as a REIT.
The table below provides quarterly information regarding our average balances, interest income, yield on assets, average repurchase agreement balances, interest expense, cost of funds, net interest income and net interest rate spreads for the quarterly periods presented.
Average Investment Securities Held (1) | Total Interest Income | Yield on Average Investment Securities | Average Balance of Repurchase Agreements | Interest Expense | Average Cost of Funds | Net Interest Income | Net Interest Rate Spread | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(ratios for the quarters have been annualized, dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quarter Ended June 30, 2009 | $ | 56,420,189 | $ | 710,401 | 5.04 | % | $ | 50,114,663 | $ | 322,596 | 2.57 | % | $ | 387,805 | 2.47 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Quarter Ended March 31, 2009 | $ | 54,763,268 | $ | 716,015 | 5.23 | % | $ | 48,497,444 | $ | 378,625 | 3.12 | % | $ | 337,390 | 2.11 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Quarter Ended December 31, 2008 | $ | 53,838,665 | $ | 740,282 | 5.50 | % | $ | 47,581,332 | $ | 450,805 | 3.79 | % | $ | 289,477 | 1.71 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Quarter Ended September 30, 2008 | $ | 57,694,277 | $ | 810,659 | 5.62 | % | $ | 51,740,645 | $ | 458,250 | 3.54 | % | $ | 352,409 | 2.08 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Quarter Ended June 30, 2008 | $ | 56,197,550 | $ | 773,359 | 5.50 | % | $ | 50,359,825 | $ | 442,251 | 3.51 | % | $ | 331,108 | 1.99 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Quarter Ended March 31, 2008 | $ | 56,119,584 | $ | 791,128 | 5.64 | % | $ | 51,399,101 | $ | 537,606 | 4.18 | % | $ | 253,522 | 1.46 | % |
(1) Does not reflect unrealized gains/(losses).
The following table presents the CPR experienced on our Mortgage-Backed Securities portfolio, on an annualized basis, for the quarterly periods presented.
Quarter Ended | CPR |
June 30, 2009 | 19% |
March 31, 2009 | 16% |
December 31, 2008 | 10% |
September 30, 2008 | 11% |
June 30, 2008 | 16% |
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We believe that the CPR in future periods will depend, in part, on changes in and the level of market interest rates across the yield curve, with higher CPRs expected during periods of declining interest rates and lower CPRs expected during periods of rising interest rates.
We continue to explore alternative business strategies, alternative investments and other strategic initiatives to complement our core business strategy of investing, on a leveraged basis, in high quality Investment Securities. No assurance, however, can be provided that any such strategic initiative will or will not be implemented in the future.
For the purposes of computing ratios relating to equity measures, throughout this report, equity includes Series B preferred stock, which has been treated under GAAP, as temporary equity. In the Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, net income attributable to controlling interest is referred to as net income.
Recent Developments
The liquidity crisis which commenced in August 2007 continues through the second quarter of 2009. During this period of market dislocation, fiscal and monetary policymakers have established new liquidity facilities for primary dealers and commercial banks, reduced short-term interest rates, and passed legislation that is intended to address the challenges of mortgage borrowers and lenders. This legislation, the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, seeks to forestall home foreclosures for distressed borrowers and assist communities with foreclosure problems. Although these aggressive steps are intended to protect and support the US housing and mortgage market, we continue to operate under very difficult market conditions.
Subsequent to June 30, 2008, there were increased market concerns about Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae’s ability to withstand future credit losses associated with securities held in their investment portfolios, and on which they provide guarantees, without the direct support of the U.S. Government. In September 2008 Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were placed into the conservatorship of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, or FHFA, their federal regulator, pursuant to its powers under The Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008, a part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008. As the conservator of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the FHFA controls and directs the operations of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and may (1) take over the assets of and operate Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac with all the powers of the shareholders, the directors, and the officers of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and conduct all business of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac; (2) collect all obligations and money due to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac; (3) perform all functions of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac which are consistent with the conservator’s appointment; (4) preserve and conserve the assets and property of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac; and (5) contract for assistance in fulfilling any function, activity, action or duty of the conservator.
In addition to FHFA becoming the conservator of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, (i) the U.S. Department of Treasury, or Treasury, and FHFA have entered into preferred stock purchase agreements between the U.S. Department of Treasury and Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac pursuant to which the U.S. Department of Treasury will ensure that each of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac maintains a positive net worth; (ii) the U.S. Department of Treasury has established a new secured lending credit facility which will be available to Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the FHLBs, which is intended to serve as a liquidity backstop, which will be available until December 2009; and (iii) the U.S. Department of Treasury has initiated a temporary program to purchase mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Given the highly fluid and evolving nature of these events, it is unclear how our business will be impacted. Based upon the further activity of the U.S. government or market response to developments at Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, our business could be adversely impacted.
The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, or EESA, was also enacted. The EESA provides the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury with the authority to establish a Troubled Asset Relief Program, or TARP, to purchase from financial institutions up to $700 billion of equity or preferred securities, residential or commercial mortgages and any securities, obligations, or other instruments that are based on or related to such mortgages, that in each case was originated or issued on or before March 14, 2008, as well as any other financial instrument that the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, after consultation with the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, determines the purchase of which is necessary to promote financial market stability, upon transmittal of such determination, in writing, to the appropriate committees of the U.S. Congress. The EESA also provides for a program that would allow companies to insure their troubled assets.
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In addition, the U.S. Government, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or Federal Reserve, and other governmental and regulatory bodies have taken or are considering taking other actions to address the financial crisis. The Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility, or TALF, was first announced by the U.S. Department of Treasury, or the Treasury, on November 25, 2008, and has been expanded in size and scope since its initial announcement. Under the TALF, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York makes non-recourse loans to borrowers to fund their purchase of eligible assets, currently certain asset-backed securities but not residential mortgage-backed securities. On March 23, 2009, the U.S. Treasury announced preliminary plans to expand the TALF beyond non-mortgage ABS to include legacy securitization assets, including non-Agency RMBS and CMBS that were originally rated AAA and issued prior to January 1, 2009. On May 1, 2009, the Federal Reserve published the terms for the expansion of TALF to CMBS and announced that, beginning in June 2009, up to $100 billion of TALF loans would be available to finance purchases of CMBS. The Federal Reserve has also announced that, beginning in July 2009, eligible legacy CMBS may also be purchased under the TALF. Many legacy CMBS, however, have had their ratings downgraded, and at least one rating agency, S&P, has announced that further downgrades are likely in the future as property values have declined. These downgrades may significantly reduce the quantity of legacy CMBS that are TALF eligible. There can be no assurance that we will be able to utilize this program successfully or at all.
In addition, on March 23, 2009 the government announced that the Treasury in conjunction with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, and the Federal Reserve, would create the Public-Private Investment Program, or PPIP. The PPIP aims to recreate a market for specific illiquid residential and commercial loans and securities through a number of joint public and private investment funds. The PPIP is designed to draw new private capital into the market for these securities and loans by providing government equity co-investment and attractive public financing. To date, no PPIPs have been formed nor have all of the program guidelines been announced, though the U.S. Department of the Treasury has named nine pre-qualified asset managers for the Legacy Securities Program established under the PPIP. On June 3, 2009, the FDIC announced that development of the Legacy Loans Program will continue, but that a previously planned pilot sale of assets by banks targeted for June 2009 will be postponed. In making the announcement, the FDIC noted that banks have been able to raise capital without having to sell distressed or troubled assets through the Legacy Loans Program, which in the view of the FDIC reflects renewed investor confidence in our banking system. As a next step, the FDIC will test the funding mechanism contemplated by the Legacy Loans Program in a sale of receivership assets this summer. The FDIC expects to solicit bids for this sale of receivership assets in July 2009. Because the details of the Legacy Loans Program are still subject to change and the timing of the program's implementation is uncertain, the attractiveness of the program to us cannot be determined at this time. In addition, the terms of the Legacy Loans Program have not been finalized and are subject to change as well. As these programs are still in early stages of development, it is not possible for us to predict how these programs will impact our business.
There can be no assurance that the EESA, TALF, PPIP or other policy initiatives will have a beneficial impact on the financial markets, including current extreme levels of volatility. We cannot predict whether or when such actions may occur or what impact, if any, such actions could have on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The liquidity crisis could adversely affect one or more of our lenders and could cause one or more of our lenders to be unwilling or unable to provide us with additional financing. This could potentially increase our financing costs and reduce liquidity. If one or more major market participants fails, it could negatively impact the marketability of all fixed income securities, including agency mortgage securities, and this could negatively impact the value of the securities in our portfolio, thus reducing its net book value. Furthermore, if many of our lenders are unwilling or unable to provide us with additional financing, we could be forced to sell our Investment Securities at an inopportune time when prices are depressed. Even with the current situation in the sub-prime mortgage sector we do not anticipate having difficulty converting our assets to cash or extending financing terms, due to the fact that our investment securities have an actual or implied “AAA” rating and principal payment is guaranteed.
Critical Accounting Policies
Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on the amounts reported in our financial statements. These financial statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP. In preparing the financial statements, management is required to make various judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could have a material effect on our financial statements. The following is a summary of our policies most affected by management’s judgments, estimates and assumptions.
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Fair Value of Investment Securities: All assets classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value, based on market prices. Although we generally intend to hold most of our Investment Securities until maturity, we may, from time to time, sell any of our Investment Securities as part our overall management of our portfolio. Accordingly, we are required to classify all of our Investment Securities as available-for-sale. Our policy is to obtain fair values from independent sources. Fair values from independent sources are compared to internal prices for reasonableness. Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. The determination of whether a security is other-than-temporarily impaired involves judgments and assumptions based on subjective and objective factors. Consideration is given to (1) our intent to sell the Investment Securities, (2) it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the Investment Securities before recovery, or (3) we do not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the Investment Securities. Further, the security is analyzed for credit loss (the difference between the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis). The credit loss, if any, will then be recognized in the statement of earnings, while the balance of impairment related to other factors will be recognized in other comprehensive income (“OCI”).
Interest Income: Interest income is accrued based on the outstanding principal amount of the Investment Securities and their contractual terms. Premiums and discounts associated with the purchase of the Investment Securities are amortized or accreted into interest income over the projected lives of the securities using the interest method. Our policy for estimating prepayment speeds for calculating the effective yield is to evaluate historical performance, Wall Street consensus prepayment speeds, and current market conditions. If our estimate of prepayments is incorrect, we may be required to make an adjustment to the amortization or accretion of premiums and discounts that would have an impact on future income.
Derivative Financial Instruments/Hedging Activity: Prior to the fourth quarter of 2008, we designated interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges, whereby the swaps were recorded at fair value on the balance sheet as assets and liabilities with any changes in fair value recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. In a cash flow hedge, a swap would exactly match the pricing date of the relevant repurchase agreement. Through the end of the third quarter of 2008, we continued to be able to match the swaps with the repurchase agreements therefore entering into effective hedge transactions. However, due to the volatility of the credit markets, it is no longer practical to match the pricing dates of both the swaps and the repurchase agreements.
As a result, we voluntarily discontinued hedge accounting in the fourth quarter of 2008 through a combination of de-designating previously defined hedge relationships and not designating new contracts as cash flow hedges. The de-designation of cash flow hedges was done in accordance with Derivatives Implementation Group (DIG) Issue Nos. G3, G17, G18 & G20, which generally require that the net derivative gain or loss related to the discontinued cash flow hedge should continue to be reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, unless it is probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur by the end of the originally specified time period or within an additional two-month period of time thereafter. As such we continue to hold repurchase agreements in excess of swap contracts and have no indication that interest payments on the hedged repurchase agreements are in jeopardy of discontinuing. Therefore, the deferred losses related to these derivatives that have been de-designated were not recognized immediately and are expected to be reclassified into earnings during the contractual terms of the swap agreements starting as of October 1, 2008. Changes in the unrealized gains or losses on the interest rate swaps subsequent to September 30, 2008 are reflected in our income statement.
Repurchase Agreements: We finance the acquisition of our Investment Securities through the use of repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are treated as collateralized financing transactions and are carried at their contractual amounts, including accrued interest, as specified in the respective agreements. Repurchase agreements entered into by RCap are matched with reverse repurchase agreements and are recorded on trade date with the duration of such repurchase agreements mirroring those of the matched reverse repurchase agreements. These repurchase agreements entered into by RCap are recorded at the contract amount and margin calls are filled by RCap as required based on any deficiencies in collateral versus the contract price. RCap generates income from the spread between what is earned on the reverse repurchase agreements and what is paid on the repurchase agreements. Cash flows related to RCap’s matched book activity are included in cash flows from operating activity.
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Income Taxes: We have elected to be taxed as a REIT and intend to comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (or the Code), with respect thereto. Accordingly, we will not be subjected to federal income tax to the extent of our distributions to shareholders and as long as certain asset, income and stock ownership tests are met. We, FIDAC, Merganser, and RCap have made separate joint elections to treat FIDAC, Merganser, and RCap as taxable REIT subsidiaries. As such, FIDAC, Merganser, and RCap are taxable as domestic C corporations and subject to federal and state and local income taxes based upon their taxable income.
Impairment of Goodwill and Intangibles: Our acquisition of FIDAC and Merganser were accounted for using the purchase method. The cost of FIDAC and Merganser were allocated to the assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets and the liabilities assumed, based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess of cost over the fair value of the net assets acquired was recognized as goodwill. Goodwill and finite-lived intangible assets are periodically reviewed for potential impairment. This evaluation requires significant judgment.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements:
On January 1, 2009, we adopted SFAS 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51 (“SFAS 160”), which requires us to make certain changes to the presentation of our financial statements. This standard requires us to classify noncontrolling interests (previously referred to as “minority interest”) as part of consolidated net income and to include the accumulated amount of noncontrolling interests as part of stockholders’ equity. The net income amounts we have previously reported are now presented as "Net income attributable to controlling interest”. Similarly, in our presentation of stockholders’ equity, we distinguish between equity amounts attributable to controlling interest and amounts attributable to the noncontrolling interests – previously classified as minority interest outside of stockholders’ equity. For the quarter ended June 30, 2009 and year-ended December 31, 2008 we do not have any noncontrolling interest. In addition to these financial reporting changes, SFAS 160 provides for significant changes in accounting related to noncontrolling interests; specifically, increases and decreases in our controlling financial interests in consolidated subsidiaries will be reported in equity similar to treasury stock transactions. If a change in ownership of a consolidated subsidiary results in loss of control and deconsolidation, any retained ownership interests are remeasured with the gain or loss reported in net earnings. Since December 31, 2008, we did not have any non controlling interest in any of its subsidiaries. However, the retrospective effect of the presentation and disclosure requirement under SFAS 160 was applied.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations, (“SFAS 141R”) which replaces SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations. SFAS 141R establishes principles and requirements for recognizing and measuring identifiable assets and goodwill acquired, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in a business combination at their fair value at acquisition date. SFAS 141R alters the treatment of acquisition-related costs, business combinations achieved in stages (referred to as a step acquisition), the treatment of gains from a bargain purchase, the recognition of contingencies in business combinations, the treatment of in-process research and development in a business combination as well as the treatment of recognizable deferred tax benefits. SFAS 141R is effective for business combinations closed in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. As SFAS 141R is applicable to business acquisitions completed after January 1, 2009. We did not make any business acquisitions during the quarter ended June 30, 2009, as such the adoption of SFAS 141R did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2008, FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 140-3 Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing Transactions (“FSP FAS 140-3”). FSP FAS 140-3 addresses whether transactions where assets purchased from a particular counterparty and financed through a repurchase agreement with the same counterparty can be considered and accounted for as separate transactions, or are required to be considered “linked” transactions and may be considered derivatives under SFAS 133. FSP FAS 140-3 requires purchases and subsequent financing through repurchase agreements be considered linked transactions unless all of the following conditions apply: (1) the initial purchase and the use of repurchase agreements to finance the purchase are not contractually contingent upon each other; (2) the repurchase financing entered into between the parties provides full recourse to the transferee and the repurchase price is fixed; (3) the financial assets are readily obtainable in the market; and (4) the financial instrument and the repurchase agreement are not coterminous. This FSP was effective for us on January 1, 2009. The implementation of this FSP did not have a material effect on our financial statements.
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In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161 (“SFAS 161”), Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, and an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133. SFAS 161 attempts to improve the transparency of financial reporting by mandating the provision of additional information about how derivative and hedging activities affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows. This statement changes the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities by requiring enhanced disclosure about (1) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (2) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS Statement 133 and its related interpretations, and (3) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. To meet these mandates, SFAS 161 requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair value amounts, gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements. This disclosure framework is intended to better convey the purpose of derivative use in terms of the risks that an entity is intending to manage. SFAS 161 was effective for us as of January 1, 2009 and was adopted prospectively. We discontinued hedge accounting as of September 30, 2008 and therefore the effect of the adoption of SFAS 161 will be a minimal increase in footnote disclosures. A table of the effect of the de-designated swap transactions will be included to indicate the effect on OCI and Other Income (Expense).
On October 10, 2008, FASB issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) 157-3, Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active (“FSP 157-3”), in response to the deterioration of the credit markets. This FSP provides guidance clarifying how SFAS 157 should be applied when valuing securities in markets that are not active. The guidance provides an illustrative example that applies the objectives and framework of SFAS 157, utilizing management’s internal cash flow and discount rate assumptions when relevant observable data does not exist. It further clarifies how observable market information and market quotes should be considered when measuring fair value in an inactive market. It reaffirms the notion of fair value as an exit price as of the measurement date and that fair value analysis is a transactional process and should not be broadly applied to a group of assets. FSP 157-3 was effective upon issuance including prior periods for which financial statements have not been issued. FSP 157-3 does not have a material effect on the fair value of our assets as we intend to continue to hold assets that can be valued via level 1 and level 2 criteria, as defined under SFAS 157.
On October 3, 2008 the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (the “EESA”) was signed into law. Section 133 of the EESA mandated that the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) conduct a study on mark-to-market accounting standards. The SEC provided its study to the US Congress on December 30, 2008. Part of the recommendations within the study indicated that “fair value requirements should be improved through development of application and best practices guidance for determining fair value in illiquid or inactive markets.” As a result of this study and the recommendations therein, the FASB issued Staff Position (FSP) FAS157-4, Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly. This FSP provides additional guidance on determining fair value when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have significantly decreased when compared with normal market activity for the asset or liability (or similar assets or liabilities). The FSP gives specific factors to evaluate if there has been a decrease in normal market activity and if so, provides a methodology to analyze transactions or quoted prices and make necessary adjustments to fair value in accordance with Statement 157. The objective is to determine the point within a range of fair value estimates that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions. FSP FAS157-4 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009 with early adoption permitted for periods ending after March 15, 2009 and we decided to early adopt FSP FAS 157-4. The implementation of FSP FAS157-4 did not have major impact on the manner in which we estimate fair value, nor did it have any impact on our financial statement disclosure.
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Additionally, in conjunction with FSP 157-4, the FASB issued FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2, Recognition and Presentation of Other Than Temporary Impairments. The objective of the new guidance is to make impairment guidance more operational and to improve the presentation and disclosure of other-than-temporary impairments (OTTI) on debt and equity securities in financial statements. This EESA guidance was also the result of the SEC mark-to-market study mandated under the EESA. The SEC’s recommendation was to “evaluate the need for modifications (or the elimination) of current OTTI guidance to provide for a more uniform system of impairment testing standards for financial instruments”. The guidance revises the OTTI evaluation methodology. Previously the analytical focus was on whether the company had the “intent and ability to retain its investment in the debt security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value”. Now the focus is on whether we have (1) the intent to sell the Investment Securities, (2) it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the Investment Securities before recovery, or (3) it does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the Investment Securities. Further, the security is analyzed for credit loss, (the difference between the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis). The credit loss, if any, will then be recognized in the statement of earnings, while the balance of impairment related to other factors will be recognized in OCI. FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 are effective for all interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2009 with early adoption permitted for periods ending after March 15, 2009 and we decided to early adopt FSP FAS 115-2 and FSP FAS 124-2. For the quarters ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, we did not have unrealized losses on Investment Securities that were deemed other-than-temporary.
On April 9, 2009, the FASB also issued FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1, Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The guidance requires disclosures about fair value of financial instruments for interim reporting periods as well as in annual financial statements. The effective date of this guidance is for interim reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009. Our early adoption of FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1 did not have any impact on financial reporting as all financial instruments are currently reported at fair value in both the interim and annual reports.
In May 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 165, Subsequent Events ("SFAS 165"). SFAS 165 establishes general standards governing accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. SFAS 165 also provides guidance on the period after the balance sheet date during which management of a reporting entity should evaluate events or transactions that may occur for potential recognition or disclosure in the financial statements, the circumstances under which an entity should recognize events or transactions occurring after the balance sheet date in its financial statements and the disclosures that an entity should make about events or transactions occurring after the balance sheet date. The Company adopted SFAS 165 effective June 30, 2009, and adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company evaluated subsequent events through the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
On June 12, 2009, the FASB issued FAS No. 166 Accounting for Transfer of Financial Assets – an amendment to FASB Statement No. 140 (“SFAS 166”), which amends the derecognition guidance in FAS No. 140. FAS No. 166 eliminates the concept of a QSPE and eliminates the exception from applying FIN 46(R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities to QSPEs. Additionally, this statement clarifies that the objective of paragraph 9 of FAS 140 is to determine whether a transferor has surrendered control over transferred financial assets. That determination must consider the transferor’s continuing involvements in the transferred financial asset, including all arrangements or agreements made contemporaneously with, or in contemplation of, the transfer, even if they were not entered into at the time of the transfer. FAS No. 166 modifies the financial-components approach used in FAS No. 140 and limits the circumstances in which a financial asset, or portion of a financial asset, should be derecognized when the transferor has not transferred the entire original financial asset to an entity that is not consolidated with the transferor in the financial statements being presented and/or when the transferor has continuing involvement with the transferred financial asset. It defines the term “participating interest” to establish specific conditions for reporting a transfer of a portion of a financial asset as a sale. Under this statement, when the transfer of financial assets are accounted for as a sale, the transferor must recognize and initially measure at fair value all assets obtained and liabilities incurred as a result of the transfer. This includes any retained beneficial interest. The implementation of this standard materially effects the securitization process in general, as it eliminates off-balance sheet transactions when an entity retains any interest in or control over assets transferred in this process. However, we do not believe the implementation of this standard will materially affect our financial statements as we have no off–balance sheet transactions, no QSPEs, nor have we transferred assets via securitization. The effective date for FAS 166 is January 1, 2010.
In conjunction with SFAS No. 166, FASB issued FAS 167 which amends FASB Interpretation No. 46(R), (FIN 46(R)) (“SFAS 167”). This statement requires an enterprise to perform an analysis to determine whether the enterprise’s variable interest or interests give it a controlling financial interest in a variable interest entity (“VIE”). The analysis identifies the primary beneficiary of a VIE as the enterprise that has both: a) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and b) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity which could potentially be significant to the VIE. With the removal of the QSPE exemption, established QSPEs must be evaluated for consolidation under this statement. This statement requires enhanced disclosures to provide users of financial statements with more transparent information about and an enterprise’s involvement in a VIE. Further, this statement also requires ongoing assessments of whether an enterprise is the primary beneficiary of a VIE. We currently are not a primary beneficiary of any VIEs. The effective date for FAS 167 is January 1, 2010. Upon implementation and, as required by the standard, on an ongoing basis, we shall assess the applicability of this standard to our holdings and report accordingly.
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In June 2009, the FASB issued FAS No. 168, The FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. replacement of FASB Statement No. 162 (“SFAS 168”). This Statement identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with GAAP in the United States. The objective of SFAS 168 is to establish the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (the “Codification”) as the source of authoritative accounting principles recognized by the FASB. After the effective date of this Statement, all nongrandfathered, non-SEC accounting literature not included in the Codification is superseded and deemed nonauthoritative. SFAS 168 revises the framework for selecting the accounting principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements that are presented in conformity with GAAP. In doing so, the Codification will require the references within our financial statement to be modified. Additionally, although it is not the FASB’s intent to alter any guidance, certain modifications in verbiage may, indeed, require the Company to evaluate whether such modification would need to be accounted for as an “accounting change” or as a “correction of an error” in accordance with FAS No. 154, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections—a replacement of APB Opinion No. 20 and FASB Statement No. 3. The Codification was implemented on July 1, 2009. We expect to conform our financial statements and related Notes to the new Codification for the quarter ended September 30, 2009.
Results of Operations: For the Quarters and Six Months Ended June 30, 2009 and 2008
Net Income Summary
For the quarter ended June 30, 2009, our net income was $597.1 million or $1.09 basic income per average share available to common shareholders, as compared to $308.0 million net income or $0.60 basic net income per average share for the quarter ended June 30, 2008. Net income per average share increased by $0.49 per average share available to common shareholders and total net income increased $289.1 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2009, when compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2008. We attribute the increase in total net income for the quarter ended June 30, 2009 from the quarter ended June 30, 2008 primarily to increase in net interest income of $56.7 million and recording of $230.2 million of unrealized gain related to interest rate swaps in the second quarter of 2009. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2008, we recorded changes in the fair values in our interest rate swaps in the Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in our Statement of Financial Condition.
For the six months ended June 30, 2009, our net income was $946.9 million, or $1.72 net income per average share available to common shareholders, as compared to net income of $551.0 million, or $1.14 net income per average share available to common shareholders for the six months ended June 30, 2008. We attribute the majority of the increase in net income for the six months ended June 30, 2009 from the six months ended June 30, 2008 to the increase in net interest spread of $140.6 million and the unrealized gain related to interest rate swaps of $265.8 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2009, net interest income was $725.2 million, as compared to $584.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008.
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Net Income Summary
(dollars in thousands, except for per share data)
Quarter Ended June 30, 2009 | Quarter Ended June 30, 2008 | Six Months Ended June 30, 2009 | Six Months Ended June 30, 2008 | |||||||||||||
Interest income | $ | 710,401 | $ | 773,359 | $ | 1,426,416 | $ | 1,564,487 | ||||||||
Interest expense | 322,596 | 442,251 | 701,221 | 979,857 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 387,805 | 331,108 | 725,195 | 584,630 | ||||||||||||
Other income: | ||||||||||||||||
Investment advisory and service fees | 11,736 | 6,406 | 19,497 | 13,004 | ||||||||||||
Gain on sale of investment securities | 2,364 | 2,830 | 7,387 | 12,247 | ||||||||||||
Income from trading securities | - | 2,180 | - | 4,034 | ||||||||||||
Dividend income from available-for-sale equity securities | 3,221 | 580 | 4,139 | 1,521 | ||||||||||||
Unrealized gain on interest rate swaps | 230,207 | - | 265,752 | - | ||||||||||||
Total other income | 247,528 | 11,996 | 296,775 | 30,806 | ||||||||||||
Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution fees | 432 | 370 | 860 | 1,003 | ||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 30,046 | 27,215 | 59,928 | 51,210 | ||||||||||||
Total expenses | 30,478 | 27,585 | 60,788 | 52,213 | ||||||||||||
Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest | 604,855 | 315,519 | 961,182 | 563,223 | ||||||||||||
Income taxes | 7,801 | 7,527 | 14,235 | 12,137 | ||||||||||||
Net Income | 597,054 | 307,992 | 946,947 | 551,086 | ||||||||||||
Noncontrolling interest | - | - | - | 58 | ||||||||||||
Net income attributable to controlling interest | 597,054 | 307,992 | 946,947 | 551,028 | ||||||||||||
Dividends on preferred stock | 4,625 | 5,334 | 9,251 | 10,707 | ||||||||||||
Net income available to common shareholders | $ | 592,429 | $ | 302,658 | $ | 937,696 | $ | 540,321 | ||||||||
Weighted average number of basic common shares outstanding | 544,344,844 | 503,758,079 | 543,627,960 | 473,785,256 | ||||||||||||
Weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding | 550,099,709 | 512,678,975 | 549,394,817 | 482,813,463 | ||||||||||||
Basic net income per average common share | $ | 1.09 | $ | 0.60 | $ | 1.72 | $ | 1.14 | ||||||||
Diluted net income per average common share | $ | 1.08 | $ | 0.59 | $ | 1.71 | $ | 1.13 | ||||||||
Average total assets | $ | 64,492,255 | $ | 60,617,914 | $ | 62,194,041 | $ | 58,379,781 | ||||||||
Average equity | $ | 8,477,014 | $ | 6,828,505 | $ | 8,077,780 | $ | 6,324,471 | ||||||||
Return on average total assets | 3.70 | % | 2.03 | % | 3.05 | % | 1.85 | % | ||||||||
Return on average equity | 28.17 | % | 18.04 | % | 23.45 | % | 17.43 | % |
Interest Income and Average Earning Asset Yield
We had average earning assets of $56.4 billion for the quarter ended June 30, 2009. We had average earning assets of $56.2 billion for the quarter ended June 30, 2008. Our primary source of income is interest income. Our interest income was $710.4 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2009 and $773.4 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2008. The yield on average Investment Securities was 5.04% and 5.50%, for the quarters ending June 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The prepayment speeds increased to an average of 19% CPR for the quarter ended June 30, 2009 from an average of 16% CPR for the quarter ended June 30, 2008. Interest income for the quarter ended June 30, 2009, when compared to interest income for the quarter ended June 30, 2008, declined by $63.0 million due to the decline in yield on average assets of 46 basis points.
We had average earning assets of $55.6 billion and $56.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Our interest income was $1.4 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2009 and $1.6 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2008. The yield on average Investment Securities decreased from 5.57% for the six months ended June 30, 2008 to 5.13% for the six months ended June 30, 2009. Our average earning asset balance decreased by $600.0 million and interest income decreased by $138.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2008. The decrease in interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2009, when compared to the six months ended June 30, 2008, resulted from the decrease in average Investment Securities and yield.
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Interest Expense and the Cost of Funds
Our largest expense is the cost of borrowed funds. We had average borrowed funds of $50.1 billion and total interest expense of $322.6 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2009. We had average borrowed funds of $50.4 billion and total interest expense of $442.3 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2008. Our average cost of funds was 2.57% for the quarter ended June 30, 2009 and 3.51% for the quarter ended June 30, 2008. The cost of funds rate decreased by 94 basis points and the average borrowed funds decreased by $300 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2009 when compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2008. Interest expense for the quarter ended June 30, 2009 decreased by $119.7 million, when compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2008, due to the decrease in the average borrowed funds and the average cost of funds rate. Since a substantial portion of our repurchase agreements are short term, changes in market rates are directly reflected in our interest expense. Our average cost of funds was 2.20% above average one-month LIBOR and 1.18% above average six-month LIBOR for the quarter ended June 30, 2009. We had average borrowed funds of $49.3 billion and interest expense of $701.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009. We had average borrowed funds of $50.9 billion and interest expense of $979.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008. Our average cost of funds was 2.84% for the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 3.85% for the six months ended June 30, 2008. Interest expense decreased by $278.6 million because the average cost of funds declined by 101 basis points.
The table below shows our average borrowed funds, interest expense and average cost of funds as compared to average one-month and average six-month LIBOR for the quarters ended June 30, 2009, March 31, 2009, the year ended December 31, 2008 and four quarters in 2008.
Average Cost of Funds
(Ratios for the quarters have been annualized, dollars in thousands)
Average Borrowed Funds | Interest Expense | Average Cost of Funds | Average One- Month LIBOR | Average Six-Month LIBOR | Average One-Month LIBOR Relative to Average Six- Month LIBOR | Average Cost of Funds Relative to Average One-Month LIBOR | Average Cost of Funds Relative to Average Six-Month LIBOR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2009 | $ | 50,114,663 | $ | 322,596 | 2.57 | % | 0.37 | % | 1.39 | % | (1.02 | %) | 2.20 | % | 1.18 | % | ||||||||||||||||
For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2009 | $ | 48,497,444 | $ | 378,625 | 3.12 | % | 0.46 | % | 1.74 | % | (1.28 | %) | 2.66 | % | 1.38 | % | ||||||||||||||||
For the Year Ended December 31, 2008 | $ | 50,270,226 | $ | 1,888,912 | 3.76 | % | 2.68 | % | 3.06 | % | (0.38 | %) | 1.08 | % | 0.70 | % | ||||||||||||||||
For the Quarter Ended December 31, 2008 | $ | 47,581,332 | $ | 450,805 | 3.79 | % | 2.23 | % | 2.94 | % | (0.71 | %) | 1.56 | % | 0.85 | % | ||||||||||||||||
For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2008 | $ | 51,740,645 | $ | 458,250 | 3.54 | % | 2.62 | % | 3.19 | % | (0.57 | %) | 0.92 | % | 0.35 | % | ||||||||||||||||
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2008 | $ | 50,359,825 | $ | 442,251 | 3.51 | % | 2.59 | % | 2.93 | % | (0.34 | %) | 0.92 | % | 0.58 | % | ||||||||||||||||
For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2008 | $ | 51,399,101 | $ | 537,606 | 4.18 | % | 3.31 | % | 3.18 | % | 0.13 | % | 0.87 | % | 1.00 | % |
Net Interest Income
Our net interest income, which equals interest income less interest expense, totaled $387.8 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2009 and $331.1 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2008. Our net interest income increased for the quarter ended June 30, 2009, as compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2008, because of increased interest rate spread. Our net interest rate spread, which equals the yield on our average assets for the period less the average cost of funds for the period, was 1.99% for the quarter ended June 30, 2008 as compared 2.47% for the quarter ended June 30, 2009. This 48 basis point increase in interest rate spread for second quarter of 2009 over the spread for second quarter of 2008 was the result in the decrease in the average cost of funds of 94 basis points, which was only partially offset by a decrease in average yield on average interest earning assets of 46 basis points.
Our net interest income totaled $725.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009 and $584.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008. Our net interest income increased because of the increase in interest rate spread. Our net interest rate spread, which equals the average for the period less the average cost of funds for the period, was 2.29% for the six months ended June 30, 2009 as compared to 1.72% for the six months ended June 30, 2008.
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The table below shows our interest income by average Investment Securities held, total interest income, yield on average interest earning assets, average balance of repurchase agreements, interest expense, average cost of funds, net interest income, and net interest rate spread for the quarters ended June 30, 2009, March 31, 2009, the year ended December 31, 2008 and four quarters in 2008.
Net Interest Income
(Ratios for quarters have been annualized, dollars in thousands)
Average Investment Securities Held | Total Interest Income | Yield on Average Interest Earning Assets | Average Balance of Repurchase Agreements | Interest Expense | Average Cost of Funds | Net Interest Income | Net Interest Rate Spread | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2009 | $ | 56,420,189 | $ | 710,401 | 5.04 | % | $ | 50,114,663 | $ | 322,596 | 2.57 | % | $ | 387,805 | 2.47 | % | ||||||||||||||||
For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2009 | $ | 54,763,268 | $ | 716,015 | 5.23 | % | $ | 48,497,444 | $ | 378,625 | 3.12 | % | $ | 337,390 | 2.11 | % | ||||||||||||||||
For the Year Ended December 31, 2008 | $ | 55,962,519 | $ | 3,115,428 | 5.57 | % | $ | 50,270,226 | $ | 1,888,912 | 3.76 | % | $ | 1,226,516 | 1.81 | % | ||||||||||||||||
For the Quarter Ended December 31, 2008 | $ | 53,838,665 | $ | 740,282 | 5.50 | % | $ | 47,581,332 | $ | 450,805 | 3.79 | % | $ | 289,477 | 1.71 | % | ||||||||||||||||
For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2008 | $ | 57,694,277 | $ | 810,659 | 5.62 | % | $ | 51,740,645 | $ | 458,250 | 3.54 | % | $ | 352,409 | 2.08 | % | ||||||||||||||||
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2008 | $ | 56,197,550 | $ | 773,359 | 5.50 | % | $ | 50,359,825 | $ | 442,251 | 3.51 | % | $ | 331,108 | 1.99 | % | ||||||||||||||||
For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2008 | $ | 56,119,584 | $ | 791,128 | 5.64 | % | $ | 51,399,101 | $ | 537,606 | 4.18 | % | $ | 253,522 | 1.46 | % |
Investment Advisory and Service Fees
FIDAC and Merganser are registered investment advisors specializing in managing fixed income securities. At June 30, 2009, FIDAC and Merganser had under management approximately $9.9 billion in net assets and $19.0 billion in gross assets, compared to $2.7 billion in net assets and $11.8 billion in gross assets at June 30, 2008. Net investment advisory and service fees net of distribution fees for the quarters ended June 30, 2009 and 2008 totaled $11.3 million and $6.0 million, respectively. Gross assets under management will vary from time to time because of changes in the amount of net assets FIDAC and Merganser manage as well as changes in the amount of leverage used by the various funds and accounts FIDAC manages.
Gains and Losses on Sales of Investment Securities
For the quarter ended June 30, 2009, we sold Investment Securities with a carrying value of $524.2 million for aggregate net gain of $2.4 million. For the quarter ended June 30, 2008, we sold Investment Securities with a carrying value of $2.1 billion for an aggregate gain of $2.8 million. We do not expect to sell assets on a frequent basis, but may from time to time sell existing assets to move into new assets, which our management believes might have higher risk-adjusted returns, or to manage our balance sheet as part of our asset/liability management strategy.
For the six months ended June 30, 2009, we sold Investment Securities with a carrying value of $1.4 billion for an aggregate gain of $7.4 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2008, we sold Investment Securities with an aggregate historical amortized cost of $6.2 billion for an aggregate gain of $12.2 million. The difference between the sale price and the carrying value of our Mortgage-Backed Securities will be a realized gain or a realized loss, and will increase or decrease income accordingly.
Income from Trading Securities
Gross income from trading securities held by our investment fund, which is a combination of interest, dividends, and realized and unrealized gains and losses. Gross income from trading securities totaled $2.2 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2008 and $4.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008. There was no income from trading securities for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009.
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Dividend Income from Available-For-Sale Equity Securities
Dividend income from available-for-sale equity securities totaled $3.2 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2009, and $4.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009, as compared to $580,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2008 and $1.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative (or G&A) expenses were $30.0 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2009 and $27.2 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2008. G&A expenses as a percentage of average total assets was 0.19% and 0.18% for the quarters ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The increase in G&A expenses of $2.8 million and $8.7 million for the quarter and the six months ended June 30, 2009, respectively, was primarily the result of increased compensation, directors and officers insurance and additional costs related to our subsidiaries. Our employees increased from 41 at June 30, 2008 to 74 at June 30, 2009.
The table below shows our total G&A expenses as compared to average total assets and average equity for the quarters ended June 30, 2009, March 31, 2009, the year ended December 31, 2008 and four quarters in 2008.
G&A Expenses and Operating Expense Ratios
(ratios for the quarters have been annualized, dollars in thousands)
Total G&A Expenses | Total G&A Expenses/Average Assets | Total G&A Expenses/Average Equity | |
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2009 | $30,046 | 0.19% | 1.41% |
For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2009 | $29,882 | 0.20% | 1.54% |
For the Year Ended December 31, 2008 | $103,622 | 0.18% | 1.55% |
For the Quarter Ended December 31, 2008 | $26,957 | 0.18% | 1.50% |
For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2008 | $25,455 | 0.17% | 1.40% |
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2008 | $27,215 | 0.18% | 1.59% |
For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2008 | $23,995 | 0.17% | 1.64% |
Net Income and Return on Average Equity
Our net income was $597.0 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2009 and net income was $308.0 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2008. Our annualized return on average equity was 28.17% for the quarter ended June 30, 2009 and 18.04% for the quarter ended June 30, 2008. Net interest income increased by $56.7 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2009, as compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2008, due to the increase in interest rate spread. In addition to the increase in interest rate spread, an unrealized gain on interest rate swaps of $230.2 million was recorded in the income statement for the quarter ended June 30, 2009, as the result of de-designation of cash flow hedges. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2008, we recorded changes in the fair values in our interest rate swaps in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in our Statement of Financial Condition.
Our net income was $946.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009, and $551.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008. Our return on average equity was 23.45% for the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 17.43% for the six months ended June 30, 2008. We attribute the increase in total net income for the six months ended June 30, 2009 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2008 to the increase in net interest rate spread and increase in interest-earning assets, resulting in an increase of net interest income of $140.6 million, which was only partially offset by an increase in G&A expenses of $8.7 million.
The table below shows our net interest income, net investment advisory and service fees, gain (loss) on sale of Mortgage-Backed Securities and termination of interest rate swaps, loss on other-than-temporarily impaired securities, income from trading securities, dividend income from equity investments, G&A expenses, income taxes, each as a percentage of average equity, and the return on average equity for the quarters ended June 30, 2009, March 31, 2009, year ended December 31, 2008 and four quarters in 2008.
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Components of Return on Average Equity
(Ratios for the quarters have been annualized)
Net Interest Income/ Average Equity | Net Investment Advisory and Service Fees/Average Equity | Gain/(Loss) on Sale of Mortgage- Backed Securities and Realized and Unrealized Gain/(Loss) Interest Rate Swaps/ Average Equity | Loss on other-than- temporarily impaired securities/ Average Equity | Income (loss) from trading securities/ Average Equity | Dividend income from available- for-sale equity securities | G&A Expenses/ Average Equity | Income Taxes/ Average Equity | Return (loss) on Average Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2009 | 18.30 | % | 0.53 | % | 10.97 | % | - | - | 0.15 | % | (1.41 | %) | (0.37 | %) | 28.17 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2009 | 17.41 | % | 0.38 | % | 2.09 | % | - | - | 0.05 | % | (1.54 | %) | (0.33 | %) | 18.06 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
For the Year Ended December 31, 2008 | 18.36 | % | 0.39 | % | (11.34 | %) | (0.48 | %) | 0.15 | % | 0.04 | % | (1.55 | %) | (0.39 | %) | 5.18 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
For the Quarter Ended December 31, 2008 | 16.06 | % | 0.38 | % | (42.63 | %) | - | (0.11 | %) | 0.03 | % | (1.50 | %) | (0.35 | %) | (28.12 | %) | |||||||||||||||||||
For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2008 | 19.52 | % | 0.41 | % | (0.07 | %) | (1.76 | %) | 0.42 | % | 0.03 | % | (1.40 | %) | (0.42 | %) | 16.73 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2008 | 19.40 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.16 | % | - | 0.13 | % | 0.03 | % | (1.59 | %) | (0.44 | %) | 18.04 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2008 | 17.38 | % | 0.41 | % | 0.64 | % | - | 0.13 | % | 0.06 | % | (1.64 | %) | (0.32 | %) | 16.66 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Financial Condition
Investment Securities, Available for Sale
All of our Mortgage-Backed Securities at June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 were adjustable-rate or fixed-rate mortgage-backed securities backed by single-family mortgage loans. All of the mortgage assets underlying these mortgage-backed securities were secured with a first lien position on the underlying single-family properties. All of our mortgage-backed securities were Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae or Ginnie Mae mortgage pass-through certificates or CMOs, which carry an implied “AAA” rating. All of our agency debentures are callable and carry an implied “AAA” rating. We carry all of our earning assets at fair value.
We accrete discount balances as an increase in interest income over the life of discount Investment Securities and we amortize premium balances as a decrease in interest income over the life of premium Investment Securities. At June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 we had on our balance sheet a total of $56.0 million and, $64.4 million, respectively, of unamortized discount (which is the difference between the remaining principal value and current historical amortized cost of our Investment Securities acquired at a price below principal value and a total of $980.9 million and $619.5 million, respectively, of unamortized premium (which is the difference between the remaining principal value and the current historical amortized cost of our Investment Securities acquired at a price above principal value).
We received mortgage principal repayments of $3.5 billion and $2.8 billion for the quarters ended June 30, 2009 and June 30, 2008, respectively. The average prepayment speed for the quarters ended June 30, 2009 and 2008 was 19%, and 16%, respectively. During the quarter ended June 30, 2009, the average CPR increased to 19% from 16% during the quarter ended June 30, 2008, due to an increase in foreclosure and refinancing activity. Given our current portfolio composition, if mortgage principal prepayment rates were to increase over the life of our mortgage-backed securities, all other factors being equal, our net interest income would decrease during the life of these mortgage-backed securities as we would be required to amortize our net premium balance into income over a shorter time period. Similarly, if mortgage principal prepayment rates were to decrease over the life of our mortgage-backed securities, all other factors being equal, our net interest income would increase during the life of these mortgage-backed securities as we would amortize our net premium balance over a longer time period.
The table below summarizes certain characteristics of our Investment Securities at June 30, 2009, March 31, 2009, December 31, 2008, September 30, 2008, June 30, 2008, and March 31, 2008.
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Investment Securities
(dollars in thousands)
Principal Amount | Net Premium | Amortized Cost | Amortized Cost/Principal Amount | Fair Value | Fair Value/Principal Amount | Weighted Average Yield | ||||||||||||||||||||||
At June 30, 2009 | $ | 63,300,232 | $ | 924,873 | $ | 64,225,105 | 101.46 | % | $ | 65,782,019 | 103.92 | % | 4.75 | % | ||||||||||||||
At March 31, 2009 | $ | 56,718,404 | $ | 668,295 | $ | 57,386,699 | 101.18 | % | $ | 58,785,456 | 103.64 | % | 4.98 | % | ||||||||||||||
At December 31, 2008 | $ | 54,508,672 | $ | 555,043 | $ | 55,063,715 | 101.02 | % | $ | 55,645,940 | 102.09 | % | 5.15 | % | ||||||||||||||
At September 30, 2008 | $ | 55,211,123 | $ | 525,394 | $ | 55,736,517 | 100.95 | % | $ | 55,459,280 | 100.45 | % | 5.41 | % | ||||||||||||||
At June 30, 2008 | $ | 58,304,678 | $ | 500,721 | $ | 58,805,399 | 100.86 | % | $ | 58,749,300 | 100.76 | % | 5.33 | % | ||||||||||||||
At March 31, 2008 | $ | 56,006,707 | $ | 383,334 | $ | 56,390,041 | 100.68 | % | $ | 56,853,862 | 101.51 | % | 5.36 | % |
The table below summarizes certain characteristics of our Investment Securities at June 30, 2009, March 31, 2009, December 31, 2008, September 30, 2008, June 30, 2008, and March 31, 2008. The index level for adjustable-rate Investment Securities is the weighted average rate of the various short-term interest rate indices, which determine the coupon rate.
Adjustable-Rate Investment Security Characteristics
(dollars in thousands)
Principal Amount | Weighted Average Coupon Rate | Weighted Average Term to Next Adjustment | Weighted Average Lifetime Cap | Weighted Average Asset Yield | Principal Amount at Period End as % of Total Investment Securities | ||||||||||||||||
At June 30, 2009 | $ | 19,657,988 | 4.64 | % | 34 months | 10.12 | % | 3.49 | % | 31.06 | % | ||||||||||
At March 31, 2009 | $ | 19,558,480 | 4.66 | % | 34 months | 10.06 | % | 3.74 | % | 34.48 | % | ||||||||||
At December 31, 2008 | $ | 19,540,152 | 4.75 | % | 36 months | 10.00 | % | 3.93 | % | 35.85 | % | ||||||||||
At September 30, 2008 | $ | 19,310,012 | 5.27 | % | 37 months | 9.98 | % | 4.65 | % | 34.97 | % | ||||||||||
At June 30, 2008 | $ | 18,418,637 | 5.16 | % | 36 months | 9.89 | % | 4.54 | % | 31.59 | % | ||||||||||
At March 31, 2008 | $ | 17,487,518 | 5.19 | % | 35 months | 9.73 | % | 4.40 | % | 31.22 | % |
Fixed-Rate Investment Security Characteristics
(dollars in thousands)
Principal Amount | Weighted Average Coupon Rate | Weighted Average Asset Yield | Principal Amount at Period End as % of Total Investment Securities | |||||||||||||
At June 30, 2009 | $ | 43,642,244 | 5.94 | % | 5.32 | % | 68.94 | % | ||||||||
At March 31, 2009 | $ | 37,159,924 | 6.08 | % | 5.64 | % | 65.52 | % | ||||||||
At December 31, 2008 | $ | 34,968,520 | 6.13 | % | 5.84 | % | 64.15 | % | ||||||||
At September 30, 2008 | $ | 35,901,111 | 6.06 | % | 5.82 | % | 65.03 | % | ||||||||
At June 30, 2008 | $ | 39,886,041 | 6.00 | % | 5.70 | % | 68.41 | % | ||||||||
At March 31, 2008 | $ | 38,519,189 | 5.98 | % | 5.80 | % | 68.78 | % |
At June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, we held Investment Securities with coupons linked to various indices. The following tables detail the portfolio characteristics by index.
Adjustable-Rate Investment Securities by Index
June 30, 2009
One- Month Libor | Six- Month Libor | Twelve Month Libor | 12-Month Moving Average | 11th District Cost of Funds | 1-Year Treasury Index | Monthly Federal Cost of Funds | Other Indexes(1) | |
Weighted Average Term to Next Adjustment | 1 mo. | 21 mo. | 49 mo. | 1 mo. | 1 mo. | 37 mo. | 1 mo. | 14 mo. |
Weighted Average Annual Period Cap | 6.38% | 1.61% | 2.01% | 0.02% | 1.03% | 1.95% | 0.00% | 1.83% |
Weighted Average Lifetime Cap at June 30, 2009 | 7.04% | 11.20% | 10.86% | 9.19% | 10.71% | 10.79% | 13.43% | 11.91% |
Investment Principal Value as Percentage of Investment Securities at June 30, 2009 | 5.72% | 1.70% | 18.24% | 1.00% | 0.60% | 3.65% | 0.09% | 0.06% |
(1) | Combination of indexes that account for less than 0.05% of total investment securities. |
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Adjustable-Rate Investment Securities by Index
December 31, 2008
One- Month Libor | Six- Month Libor | Twelve Month Libor | 12-Month Moving Average | 11th District Cost of Funds | 1-Year Treasury Index | Monthly Federal Cost of Funds | Other Indexes(1) | |
Weighted Average Term to Next Adjustment | 1 mo. | 25 mo. | 55 mo. | 1 mo. | 1 mo. | 37 mo. | 1 mo. | 14 mo. |
Weighted Average Annual Period Cap | 6.28% | 1.95% | 1.98% | 0.00% | 1.26% | 1.93% | 0.00% | 1.94% |
Weighted Average Lifetime Cap at December 31, 2008 | 7.07% | 10.87% | 10.92% | 8.86% | 11.35% | 10.86% | 13.44% | 11.98 % |
Investment Principal Value as Percentage of Investment Securities at December 31, 2008 | 8.11% | 2.53% | 19.32% | 0.99% | 0.60% | 4.12% | 0.11% | 0.07% |
(1) | Combination of indexes that account for less than 0.05% of total investment securities. |
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
At June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, we lent $123.5 million and $562.1 million, respectively, to Chimera in a weekly reverse repurchase agreement. This amount is included at fair value in our Statement of Financial Condition. The interest rate at June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 was at the market rate of 1.79% and 1.43%, respectively. The collateral for this loan is mortgage-backed securities.
At June 30, 2009, RCap, in its ordinary course of business, at market rates, had financed $47.4 million pursuant to matched repurchase agreements for a fund managed by FIDAC.
Receivable from Prime Broker on Equity Investment
The net assets of the investment fund are subject to English bankruptcy law, which governs the administration of Lehman Brothers International (Europe) (LBIE), as well as the law of New York, which governs the contractual documents. Until our contractual documents with LBIE are terminated, the value of the assets and liabilities in our account with LBIE will continue to fluctuate based on market movements. We do not intend to terminate these contractual documents until LBIE's administrators have clarified the consequences of us doing so. We have not received notice from LBIE's administrators that LBIE has terminated the documents. LBIE’s administrators have advised us that they can provide us with no additional information about our account at this time. As a result, we have presented the market value of our account with LBIE as of September 15, 2008 of $16.9 million, which is the date of the last statement we received from LBIE on the account’s assets and liabilities. We can provide no assurance, however, that we will recover all or any portion of these assets following completion of LBIE's administration (and any subsequent liquidation). Based on the information known at June 30, 2009, a loss was not determined to be probable. If additional information indicates otherwise and it is determined that the loss is probable, the estimated loss will be reflected in the statement of operations.
Borrowings
To date, our debt has consisted entirely of borrowings collateralized by a pledge of our Investment Securities. These borrowings appear on our statement of Financial Condition as repurchase agreements. At June 30, 2009, we had established uncommitted borrowing facilities in this market with 30 lenders in amounts which we believe are in excess of our needs. All of our Investment Securities are currently accepted as collateral for these borrowings. However, we limit our borrowings, and thus our potential asset growth, in order to maintain unused borrowing capacity and thus increase the liquidity and strength of our financial condition.
At June 30, 2009, the term to maturity of our borrowings ranged from one day to ten years. Additionally, we have entered into structured borrowings giving the counterparty the right to call the balance prior to maturity. The weighted average original term to maturity of our borrowings was 342 days at June 30, 2009. At June 30, 2008, the term to maturity of our borrowings ranged from one day to ten years, with a weighted average original term to maturity of 263 days.
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At June 30, 2009, the weighted average cost of funds for all of our borrowings was 2.54%, including the effect of the interest rate swaps, and the weighted average term to next rate adjustment was 196 days. At June 30, 2008, the weighted average cost of funds for all of our borrowings 3.40% and the weighted average term to next rate adjustment was 224 days.
Liquidity
Liquidity, which is our ability to turn non-cash assets into cash, allows us to purchase additional investment securities and to pledge additional assets to secure existing borrowings should the value of our pledged assets decline. Potential immediate sources of liquidity for us include cash balances and unused borrowing capacity. Unused borrowing capacity will vary over time as the market value of our investment securities varies. Our non-cash assets are largely actual or implied AAA assets, and accordingly, we have not had, nor do we anticipate having, difficulty in converting our assets to cash. Our balance sheet also generates liquidity on an on-going basis through mortgage principal repayments and net earnings held prior to payment as dividends. Should our needs ever exceed these on-going sources of liquidity plus the immediate sources of liquidity discussed above, we believe that in most circumstances our Investment Securities could be sold to raise cash. The maintenance of liquidity is one of the goals of our capital investment policy. Under this policy, we limit asset growth in order to preserve unused borrowing capacity for liquidity management purposes.
Borrowings under our repurchase agreements increased by $4.6 billion to $51.3 billion at June 30, 2009, from $46.7 billion at December 31, 2008.
We anticipate that, upon repayment of each borrowing under a repurchase agreement, we will use the collateral immediately for borrowing under a new repurchase agreement. We have not at the present time entered into any commitment agreements under which the lender would be required to enter into new repurchase agreements during a specified period of time, nor do we presently plan to have liquidity facilities with commercial banks.
Under our repurchase agreements, we may be required to pledge additional assets to our repurchase agreement counterparties (i.e., lenders) in the event the estimated fair value of the existing pledged collateral under such agreements declines and such lenders demand additional collateral (a “margin call”), which may take the form of additional securities or cash. Similarly, if the estimated fair value of our pledged collateral increases due to changes in market interest rates of market factors, lenders may release collateral back to us. Specifically, margin calls result from a decline in the value of the our Mortgage-Backed Securities securing our repurchase agreements, prepayments on the mortgages securing such Mortgage-Backed Securities and to changes in the estimated fair value of such Mortgage-Backed Securities generally due to principal reduction of such Mortgage-Backed Securities from scheduled amortization and resulting from changes in market interest rates and other market factors. Through June 30, 2009, we did not have any margin calls on our repurchase agreements that we were not able to satisfy with either cash or additional pledged collateral. However, should prepayment speeds on the mortgages underlying our Mortgage-Backed Securities and/or market interest rates suddenly increase, margin calls on our repurchase agreements could result, causing an adverse change in our liquidity position.
The following table summarizes the effect on our liquidity and cash flows from contractual obligations for repurchase agreements, interest expense on repurchase agreements, the non-cancelable office lease and employment agreements at June 30, 2009. The table does not include the effect of net interest rate payments under our interest rate swap agreements. The net swap payments will fluctuate based on monthly changes in the receive rate. At June 30, 2009, the interest rate swaps had a net unrealized loss of $715.4 million.
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Contractual Obligations | Within One Year | One to Three Years | Three to Five Years | More than Five Years | Total | |||||||||||||||
Repurchase agreements | 44,159,952 | 4,664,478 | 869,854 | 1,632,646 | 51,326,930 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense on repurchase agreements, based on rates at June 30, 2009 | 263,765 | 329,524 | 153,840 | 182,521 | 929,650 | |||||||||||||||
Long-term operating lease obligations | 775 | 1,229 | 1,191 | - | 3,195 | |||||||||||||||
Employment contracts | 71,470 | 4,368 | - | - | 75,838 | |||||||||||||||
Total | 44,495,962 | 4,999,599 | 1,024,885 | 1,815,167 | 52,335,613 |
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Stockholders’ Equity
During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009, 8,375 options and 64,262 options were exercised under the Long Term Stock Incentive Plan, or Incentive Plan, for an aggregate exercise price of $98,000 and $722,000 respectively.
During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009, we declared dividends to common shareholders totaling $326.7 million or $0.60 per share and $598.8 million or $1.10 per share, respectively. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009, we declared and paid dividends to Series A Preferred shareholders totaling $3.6 million or $0.492188 per share and $7.3 million or $0.984376 per share, respectively, and Series B Preferred shareholders totaling $977,000 or $0.375 per share and $2.0 million or $0.75 per share, respectively.
During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009, 2,750 and 1.4 million shares of Series B Preferred Stock were converted into 5,837 and 2.8 million shares of common stock.
On May 13, 2008 we entered into an underwriting agreement pursuant to which we sold 69,000,000 shares of our common stock for net proceeds following underwriting expenses of approximately $1.1 billion. This transaction settled on May 19, 2008.
On January 23, 2008 we entered into an underwriting agreement pursuant to which we sold 58,650,000 shares of our common stock for net proceeds following underwriting expenses of approximately $1.1 billion. This transaction settled on January 29, 2008.
On August 3, 2006, we entered into an ATM Equity Offering(sm) Sales Agreement with Merrill Lynch & Co. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, relating to the sale of shares of our common stock from time to time through Merrill Lynch. Sales of the shares, if any, are made by means of ordinary brokers' transaction on the New York Stock Exchange. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009, we did not issue shares pursuant to this program. During the year ended December 31, 2008, 588,000 shares of our common stock were issued pursuant to this program, totaling $11.5 million in net proceeds.
On August 3, 2006, we entered into an ATM Equity Sales Agreement with UBS Securities LLC, relating to the sale of shares of our common stock from time to time through UBS Securities. Sales of the shares, if any, are made by means of ordinary brokers' transaction on the New York Stock Exchange. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009, we did not issue shares pursuant to this program. During the year ended December 31, 2008, 3.8 million shares of our common stock were issued pursuant to this program, totaling $60.3 million in net proceeds.
During the year ended December 31, 2008, 300,000 options were exercised under the Incentive Plan for an aggregate exercise price of $2.8 million.
Unrealized Gains and Losses
With our “available-for-sale” accounting treatment, unrealized fluctuations in market values of assets do not impact our GAAP or taxable income but rather are reflected on our statement of financial condition by changing the carrying value of the asset and stockholders’ equity under “Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).” As a result of the de-designation of interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges during the quarter ended December 31, 2008, unrealized gains and losses in our interest rate swaps impact our GAAP income.
As a result of this mark-to-market accounting treatment, our book value and book value per share are likely to fluctuate far more than if we used historical amortized cost accounting. As a result, comparisons with companies that use historical cost accounting for some or all of their balance sheet may not be meaningful.
The table below shows unrealized gains and losses on the Investment Securities, available-for-sale equity securities and interest rate swaps in our portfolio prior to de-designation.
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Unrealized Gains and Losses
(dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2009 | March 31, 2009 | December 31, 2008 | September 30, 2008 | June 30, 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
Unrealized gain | $ | 1,719,536 | $ | 1,502,319 | $ | 785,087 | $ | 217,710 | $ | 324,612 | ||||||||||
Unrealized loss | (357,402 | ) | (380,768 | ) | (532,857 | ) | (879,208 | ) | ( 803,403 | ) | ||||||||||
Net Unrealized gain (loss) | $ | 1,362,134 | $ | 1,121,551 | $ | 252,230 | $ | (661,498 | ) | $ | (478,791 | ) | ||||||||
Unrealized changes in the estimated net fair value of investment securities have one direct effect on our potential earnings and dividends: positive changes increase our equity base and allow us to increase our borrowing capacity while negative changes tend to limit borrowing capacity under our capital investment policy. A very large negative change in the net fair value of our investment securities might impair our liquidity position, requiring us to sell assets with the likely result of realized losses upon sale.
Leverage
Our debt-to-equity ratio at June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 was 5.9:1 and 6.4:1, respectively. We generally expect to maintain a ratio of debt-to-equity of between 8:1 and 12:1, although the ratio may vary from this range from time to time based upon various factors, including our management’s opinion of the level of risk of our assets and liabilities, our liquidity position, our level of unused borrowing capacity and over-collateralization levels required by lenders when we pledge assets to secure borrowings.
Our target debt-to-equity ratio is determined under our capital investment policy. Should our actual debt-to-equity ratio increase above the target level due to asset acquisition or market value fluctuations in assets, we would cease to acquire new assets. Our management will, at that time, present a plan to our board of directors to bring us back to our target debt-to-equity ratio; in many circumstances, this would be accomplished over time by the monthly reduction of the balance of our Mortgage-Backed Securities through principal repayments.
Asset/Liability Management and Effect of Changes in Interest Rates
We continually review our asset/liability management strategy with respect to interest rate risk, mortgage prepayment risk, credit risk and the related issues of capital adequacy and liquidity. Our goal is to provide attractive risk-adjusted stockholder returns while maintaining what we believe is a strong balance sheet.
We seek to manage the extent to which our net income changes as a function of changes in interest rates by matching adjustable-rate assets with variable-rate borrowings. In addition, we have attempted to mitigate the potential impact on net income of periodic and lifetime coupon adjustment restrictions in our portfolio of investment securities by entering into interest rate swaps. At June 30, 2009, we had entered into swap agreements with a total notional amount of $19.8 billion. We agreed to pay a weighted average pay rate of 4.20% and receive a floating rate based on one, three and six month LIBOR. At December 31, 2008, we entered into swap agreements with a total notional amount of $17.6 billion. We agreed to pay a weighted average pay rate of 4.66% and receive a floating rate based on one month LIBOR. We may enter into similar derivative transactions in the future by entering into interest rate collars, caps or floors or purchasing interest only securities.
Changes in interest rates may also affect the rate of mortgage principal prepayments and, as a result, prepayments on mortgage-backed securities. We seek to mitigate the effect of changes in the mortgage principal repayment rate by balancing assets we purchase at a premium with assets we purchase at a discount. To date, the aggregate premium exceeds the aggregate discount on our mortgage-backed securities. As a result, prepayments, which result in the expensing of unamortized premium, will reduce our net income compared to what net income would be absent such prepayments.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Further, we have not guaranteed any obligations of unconsolidated entities nor do we have any commitment or intent to provide funding to any such entities. As such, we are not materially exposed to any market, credit, liquidity or financing risk that could arise if we had engaged in such relationships.
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Capital Resources
At June 30, 2009, we had no material commitments for capital expenditures.
Inflation
Virtually all of our assets and liabilities are financial in nature. As a result, interest rates and other factors drive our performance far more than does inflation. Changes in interest rates do not necessarily correlate with inflation rates or changes in inflation rates. Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and our dividends are based upon our net income as calculated for tax purposes; in each case, our activities and balance sheet are measured with reference to historical cost or fair market value without considering inflation.
Other Matters
We calculate that at least 75% of our assets were qualified REIT assets, as defined in the Code for the quarters ended June 30, 2009 and 2008. We also calculate that our revenue qualifies for the 75% source of income test and for the 95% source of income test rules for the quarters ended June 30, 2009 and 2008. Consequently, we met the REIT income and asset test. We also met all REIT requirements regarding the ownership of our common stock and the distribution of our net income. Therefore, as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, we believe that we qualified as a REIT under the Code.
We at all times intend to conduct our business so as not to become required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, or the Investment Company Act. If we were to become required to register as an investment company, then our use of leverage would be substantially reduced. The Investment Company Act exempts entities that are “primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate” (qualifying interests). Under current interpretation of the staff of the SEC, in order to qualify for this exemption, we must maintain at least 55% of our assets directly in qualifying interests and at least 80% of our assets in qualifying interests plus other real estate related assets. In addition, unless certain mortgage securities represent all the certificates issued with respect to an underlying pool of mortgages, the Mortgage-Backed Securities may be treated as securities separate from the underlying mortgage loans and, thus, may not be considered qualifying interests for purposes of the 55% requirement. We calculate that as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, we were in compliance with this requirement.
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ITEM 3 QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
MARKET RISK
Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. The primary market risk to which we are exposed is interest rate risk, which is highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors beyond our control. Changes in the general level of interest rates can affect our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income earned on interest-earning assets and the interest expense incurred in connection with our interest-bearing liabilities, by affecting the spread between our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Changes in the level of interest rates also can affect the value of our Mortgage-Backed Securities and our ability to realize gains from the sale of these assets. We may utilize a variety of financial instruments, including interest rate swaps, caps, floors, inverse floaters and other interest rate exchange contracts, in order to limit the effects of interest rates on our operations. When we use these types of derivatives to hedge the risk of interest-earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities, we may be subject to certain risks, including the risk that losses on a hedge position will reduce the funds available for payments to holders of securities and that the losses may exceed the amount we invested in the instruments.
Our profitability and the value of our portfolio (including interest rate swaps) may be adversely affected during any period as a result of changing interest rates. The following table quantifies the potential changes in net interest income, portfolio value should interest rates go up or down 25, 50 and 75 basis points, assuming the yield curves of the rate shocks will be parallel to each other and the current yield curve. All changes in income and value are measured as percentage changes from the projected net interest income and portfolio value at the base interest rate scenario. The base interest rate scenario assumes interest rates at June 30, 2009 and various estimates regarding prepayment and all activities are made at each level of rate shock. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates.
Change in Interest Rate | Projected Percentage Change in Net Interest Income | Projected Percentage Change in Portfolio Value, with Effect of Interest Rate Swaps |
-75 Basis Points | 1.35% | 1.97% |
-50 Basis Points | 0.40% | 1.93% |
-25 Basis Points | 0.06% | 1.80% |
Base Interest Rate | - | - |
+25 Basis Points | (1.48%) | 1.21% |
+50 Basis Points | (3.25%) | 0.76% |
+75 Basis Points | (5.02%) | 0.21% |
ASSET AND LIABILITY MANAGEMENT
Asset and liability management is concerned with the timing and magnitude of the repricing of assets and liabilities. We attempt to control risks associated with interest rate movements. Methods for evaluating interest rate risk include an analysis of our interest rate sensitivity ”gap”, which is the difference between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within a given time period. A gap is considered positive when the amount of interest-rate sensitive assets exceeds the amount of interest-rate sensitive liabilities. A gap is considered negative when the amount of interest-rate sensitive liabilities exceeds interest-rate sensitive assets. During a period of rising interest rates, a negative gap would tend to adversely affect net interest income, while a positive gap would tend to result in an increase in net interest income. During a period of falling interest rates, a negative gap would tend to result in an increase in net interest income, while a positive gap would tend to affect net interest income adversely. Because different types of assets and liabilities with the same or similar maturities may react differently to changes in overall market rates or conditions, changes in interest rates may affect net interest income positively or negatively even if an institution were perfectly matched in each maturity category.
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The following table sets forth the estimated maturity or repricing of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities at June 30, 2009. The amounts of assets and liabilities shown within a particular period were determined in accordance with the contractual terms of the assets and liabilities, except adjustable-rate loans, and securities are included in the period in which their interest rates are first scheduled to adjust and not in the period in which they mature and does include the effect of the interest rate swaps. The interest rate sensitivity of our assets and liabilities in the table could vary substantially based on actual prepayment experience.
Within 3 Months | 3-12 Months | More than 1 Year to 3 Years | 3 Years and Over | Total | ||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rate Sensitive Assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Investment Securities (Principal) | $ | 5,322,365 | 2,757,741 | 3,418,798 | 51,801,330 | 63,300,234 | ||||||||||||||
Cash Equivalents | 1,352,798 | - | - | - | 1,352,798 | |||||||||||||||
Reverse Repurchase Agreements | 170,916 | - | - | - | 170,916 | |||||||||||||||
Total Rate Sensitive Assets | 6,846,079 | 2,757,741 | 3,418,798 | 51,801,330 | 64,823,948 | |||||||||||||||
Rate Sensitive Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase Agreements, with the | ||||||||||||||||||||
effect of swaps | 25,915,702 | 3,711,250 | 12,822,028 | 8,877,950 | 51,326,930 | |||||||||||||||
Interest rate sensitivity gap | (19,069,623 | ) | (953,509 | ) | (9,403,230 | ) | 42,923,380 | 13,497,018 | ||||||||||||
Cumulative rate sensitivity gap | (19,069,623 | ) | (20,023,132 | ) | (29,426,362 | ) | 13,497,018 | |||||||||||||
Cumulative interest rate sensitivity gap as a percentage of total rate-sensitive assets | (30 | %) | (32 | %) | (46 | %) | 21 | % |
Our analysis of risks is based on management’s experience, estimates, models and assumptions. These analyses rely on models which utilize estimates of fair value and interest rate sensitivity. Actual economic conditions or implementation of investment decisions by our management may produce results that differ significantly from the estimates and assumptions used in our models and the projected results shown in the above tables and in this report. These analyses contain certain forward-looking statements and are subject to the safe harbor statement set forth under the heading, “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (the “CFO”), reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. Based on that review and evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that our current disclosure controls and procedures, as designed and implemented, (1) were effective in ensuring that information regarding the Company and its subsidiaries is made known to our management, including our CEO and CFO, by our employees, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and (2) were effective in providing reasonable assurance that information the Company must disclose in its periodic reports under the Securities Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods prescribed by the SEC’s rules and forms. There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we are involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The materialization of any risks and uncertainties identified in our forward looking statements contained in this report together with those previously disclosed in the Form 10-K or those that are presently unforeseen could result in significant adverse effects on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. See Item 2. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -- Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements” in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. The information presented below updates and should be read in conjunction with the risk factors and information disclosed in that Form 10-K.
RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH RECENT ADVERSE DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MORTGAGE FINANCE AND CREDIT MARKETS
Volatile market conditions for mortgages and mortgage-related assets as well as the broader financial markets have resulted in a significant contraction in liquidity for mortgages and mortgage-related assets, which may adversely affect the value of the assets in which we invest.
Our results of operations are materially affected by conditions in the markets for mortgages and mortgage-related assets, including Mortgage-Backed Securities, as well as the broader financial markets and the economy generally. Beginning in the summer of 2007, significant adverse changes in financial market conditions have resulted in a deleveraging of the entire global financial system and the forced sale of large quantities of mortgage-related and other financial assets. Recently, concerns over economic recession, geopolitical issues, unemployment, the availability and cost of financing, the mortgage market and a declining real estate market have contributed to increased volatility and diminished expectations for the economy and markets. As a result of these conditions, many traditional mortgage investors have suffered severe losses in their residential mortgage portfolios and several major market participants have failed or been impaired, resulting in a significant contraction in market liquidity for mortgage-related assets. This illiquidity has negatively affected both the terms and availability of financing for all mortgage-related assets. Further increased volatility and deterioration in the markets for mortgages and mortgage-related assets as well as the broader financial markets may adversely affect the performance and market value of our Mortgage-Backed Securities. If these conditions persist, institutions from which we seek financing for our investments may continue to tighten their lending standards or become insolvent, which could make it more difficult for us to obtain financing on favorable terms or at all. Our profitability may be adversely affected if we are unable to obtain cost-effective financing for our investments. Continued adverse developments in the broader residential
residential mortgage market may adversely affect the value of the assets in which we invest.
In 2008 and so far in 2009, the residential mortgage market in the United States has experienced a variety of difficulties and changed economic conditions, including defaults, credit losses and liquidity concerns. Certain commercial banks, investment banks and insurance companies have announced extensive losses from exposure to the residential mortgage market. These losses have reduced financial industry capital, leading to reduced liquidity for some institutions. These factors have impacted investor perception of the risk associated with Mortgage-Backed Securities in which we invest. As a result, values for Mortgage-Backed Securities in which we invest have experienced a certain amount of volatility. Further increased volatility and deterioration in the broader residential mortgage and Mortgage-Backed Securities markets may adversely affect the performance and market value of our investments.
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Any decline in the value of our investments, or perceived market uncertainty about their value, would likely make it difficult for us to obtain financing on favorable terms or at all, or maintain our compliance with terms of any financing arrangements already in place. The Mortgage-Backed Securities in which we invest are classified for accounting purposes as available-for-sale. All assets classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity. As a result, a decline in fair values may reduce the book value of our assets. Moreover, if the decline in fair value of an available-for-sale security is other-than-temporarily impaired, such decline will reduce earnings. If market conditions result in a decline in the fair value of our Mortgage-Backed Securities, our financial position and results of operations could be adversely affected.
The conservatorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and related efforts, along with any changes in laws and regulations affecting the relationship between Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and the U.S. Government, may adversely affect our business.
Due to increased market concerns about Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac’s ability to withstand future credit losses associated with securities held in their investment portfolios, and on which they provide guarantees, without the direct support of the U.S. Government, on July 30, 2008, the government passed the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, or the HERA. Among other things, the HERA established the Federal Housing Finance Agency, or FHFA, which has broad regulatory powers over Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. On September 7, 2008, the FHFA placed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship and, together with the Treasury, established a program designed to boost investor confidence in Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s debt and mortgage-backed securities. As the conservator of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the FHFA controls and directs the operations of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and may (1) take over the assets of and operate Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac with all the powers of the shareholders, the directors and the officers of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and conduct all business of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac; (2) collect all obligations and money due to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac; (3) perform all functions of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac which are consistent with the conservator’s appointment; (4) preserve and conserve the assets and property of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac; and (5) contract for assistance in fulfilling any function, activity, action or duty of the conservator. A primary focus of this new legislation is to increase the availability of mortgage financing by allowing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to continue to grow their guarantee business without limit, while limiting net purchases of Mortgage-Backed Securities to a modest amount through the end of 2009. It is currently planned for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to reduce gradually their Mortgage-Backed Securities portfolios beginning in 2010.
In addition to FHFA becoming the conservator of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the Treasury has taken three additional actions: (i) the Treasury and FHFA have entered into preferred stock purchase agreements between the Treasury and Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac pursuant to which the Treasury will ensure that each of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac maintains a positive net worth; (ii) the Treasury has established a new secured lending credit facility which will be available to Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the FHLBs, which is intended to serve as a liquidity backstop, which will be available until December 2009; and (iii) the Treasury has initiated a temporary program to purchase Mortgage-Backed Securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
Although the Treasury has committed capital to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, there can be no assurance that these actions will be adequate for their needs. If these actions are inadequate, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac could continue to suffer losses and could fail to honor their guarantees and other obligations. The future roles of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac could be significantly reduced and the nature of their guarantees could be considerably diminished. Any changes to the nature of the guarantees provided by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac could redefine what constitutes Mortgage-Backed Securities and could have broad adverse market implications.
On November 25, 2008, the Federal Reserve announced that it will initiate a program to purchase $100 billion in direct obligations of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the FHLBs and $500 billion in agency Mortgage-Backed Securities backed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae. The Federal Reserve stated that its actions are intended to reduce the cost and increase the availability of credit for the purchase of houses, and are meant to support housing markets and foster improved conditions in financial markets more generally. The purchases of direct obligations began during the first week of December 2008, and the purchases of agency mortgage-backed securities began in early January 2009. The Federal Reserve has announced an expansion of this program to purchase another $750 million in Mortgage-Backed Securities through the end of 2009. The Federal Reserve’s program to purchase Mortgage-Backed Securities could cause an increase in the price of Mortgage-Backed Securities, which could help the value of the assets in our portfolio but may negatively impact the net interest margin with respect to new Mortgage-Backed Securities we may purchase.
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The size and timing of the U.S. Government’s Mortgage-Backed Securities purchase program is subject to the discretion of the Treasury and the Federal Reserve. Purchases under these programs have already begun, but there is no certainty that they will continue. It is possible that a change in the Treasury’s and the Federal Reserve’s commitment to purchase Mortgage-Backed Securities in the future could negatively affect the pricing of Mortgage-Backed Securities that we seek to acquire. Given the highly fluid and evolving nature of events, it is unclear how our business may be impacted. Further activity of the U.S. Government or market response to developments at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac could adversely impact our business.
The Treasury could also stop providing credit support to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in the future. The Treasury's authority to purchase Mortgage-Backed Securities and to provide financial support to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac under the HERA expires on December 31, 2009. The problems faced by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac resulting in their being placed into federal conservatorship have stirred debate among some federal policy makers regarding the continued role of the U.S. Government in providing liquidity for mortgage loans. Following expiration of the current authorization, each of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac could be dissolved and the U.S. Government could determine to stop providing liquidity support of any kind to the mortgage market. The future roles of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac could be significantly reduced and the nature of their guarantee obligations could be considerably limited relative to historical measurements. Any changes to the nature of their guarantee obligations could redefine what constitutes a Mortgage-Backed Securities and could have broad adverse implications for the market and our business, operations and financial condition. If Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac were eliminated, or their structures were to change radically (i.e., limitation or removal of the guarantee obligation), we may be unable to acquire additional Mortgage-Backed Securities and our existing Mortgage-Backed Securities could be materially and adversely impacted.
We could be negatively affected in a number of ways depending on the manner in which related events unfold for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. We rely on our Mortgage-Backed Securities as collateral for our financings under our repurchase agreements. Any decline in their value, or perceived market uncertainty about their value, would make it more difficult for us to obtain financing on acceptable terms or at all, or to maintain our compliance with the terms of any financing transactions. Further, the current credit support provided by the Treasury to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and any additional credit support it may provide in the future, could have the effect of lowering the interest rates we expect to receive from Mortgage-Backed Securities, thereby tightening the spread between the interest we earn on our Mortgage-Backed Securities and the cost of financing those assets. A reduction in the supply of Mortgage-Backed Securities could also negatively affect the pricing of Mortgage-Backed Securities by reducing the spread between the interest we earn on our portfolio of Mortgage-Backed Securities and our cost of financing that portfolio.
As indicated above, recent legislation has changed the relationship between Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and the U.S. Government and requires Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to reduce the amount of mortgage loans they own or for which they provide guarantees on Mortgage-Backed Securities. Future legislation could further change the relationship between Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and the U.S. Government, and could also nationalize or eliminate such entities entirely. Any law affecting these GSEs may create market uncertainty and have the effect of reducing the actual or perceived credit quality of securities issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. As a result, such laws could increase the risk of loss on investments in Mortgage-Backed Securities guaranteed by Fannie Mae and/or Freddie Mac. It also is possible that such laws could adversely impact the market for such securities and spreads at which they trade. All of the foregoing could materially and adversely affect our business, operations and financial condition.
Mortgage loan modification programs, future legislative action and changes in the requirements necessary to qualify for refinancing a mortgage with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae may adversely affect the value of, and the returns on, the assets in which we invest.
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During the second half of 2008 and in early 2009, the U.S. government, through the Federal Housing Administration, or FHA, and the FDIC, commenced implementation of programs designed to provide homeowners with assistance in avoiding residential mortgage loan foreclosures including the Hope for Homeowners Act of 2008, which allows certain distressed borrowers to refinance their mortgages into FHA-insured loans. The programs may also involve, among other things, the modification of mortgage loans to reduce the principal amount of the loans or the rate of interest payable on the loans, or to extend the payment terms of the loans. Members of the U.S. Congress have indicated support for additional legislative relief for homeowners, including an amendment of the bankruptcy laws to permit the modification of mortgage loans in bankruptcy proceedings. These loan modification programs, future legislative or regulatory actions, including amendments to the bankruptcy laws, that result in the modification of outstanding mortgage loans, as well as changes in the requirements necessary to qualify for refinancing a mortgage with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae may adversely affect the value of, and the returns on, our Investment Securities. Depending on whether or not we purchased an instrument at a premium or discount, the yield we receive may be positively or negatively impacted by any modification.
The U.S. Government's pressing for refinancing of certain loans may affect prepayment rates for mortgage loans in Mortgage-Backed Securities.
In addition to the increased pressure upon residential mortgage loan investors and servicers to engage in loss mitigation activities, the U.S. Government is pressing for refinancing of certain loans, and this encouragement may affect prepayment rates for mortgage loans in Mortgage-Backed Securities. In connection with government-related securities, in February 2009 President Obama unveiled the Homeowner Affordability and Stability Plan, which, in part, calls upon Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to loosen their eligibility criteria for the purchase of loans in order to provide access to low-cost refinancing for borrowers who are current on their mortgage payments but who cannot otherwise qualify to refinance at a lower market rate. The major change was to permit an increase in the loan-to-value, or LTV, ratio of a refinancing loan eligible for sale up to 105%. In July 2009, the FHFA authorized Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to raise the present LTV ratio ceiling of 105% to 125%. The charters governing the operations of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac prohibit purchases of loans with loan to value ratios in excess of 80% unless the loans have mortgage insurance (or unless other types of credit enhancement are provided in accordance with the statutory requirements). The FHFA, which regulates Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, determined that new mortgage insurance will not be required on the refinancing if the applicable entity already owns the loan or guarantees the related Mortgage-Backed Securities. Additionally, the Treasury reports that in some cases a new appraisal will not be necessary upon refinancing. The Treasury estimates that up to 5,000,000 homeowners with loans owned or guaranteed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac may be eligible for this refinancing program, which is scheduled to terminate in June 2010.
The HERA authorized a voluntary FHA mortgage insurance program called HOPE for Homeowners, or H4H Program, designed to refinance certain delinquent borrowers into new FHA-insured loans. The H4H Program targets delinquent borrowers under conventional mortgage loans, as well as under government-insured or -guaranteed mortgage loans, that were originated on or before January 1, 2008. Holders of existing mortgage loans being refinanced under the H4H Program must accept a write-down of principal and waive all prepayment fees. While the use of the program has been extremely limited to date, Congress continues to amend the program to encourage its use. The H4H Program is effective through September 30, 2011.
To the extent these and other economic stabilization or stimulus efforts are successful in increasing prepayment speeds for residential mortgage loans, such as those in Mortgage-Backed Securities, that could potentially harm our income and operating results, particularly in connection with loans or Mortgage-Backed Securities purchased at a premium or our interest-only securities.
The actions of the U.S. government, Federal Reserve and Treasury, including the establishment of the TALF and the PPIP, may adversely affect our business.
The TALF was first announced by the Treasury on November 25, 2008, and has been expanded in size and scope since its initial announcement. Under the TALF, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York makes non-recourse loans to borrowers to fund their purchase of eligible assets, currently certain asset backed securities but not mortgage-backed securities. The nature of the eligible assets has been expanded several times. The Treasury has stated that through its expansion of the TALF, non-recourse loans will be made available to investors to certain fund purchases of legacy securitization assets. On March 23, 2009, the Treasury in conjunction with the FDIC, and the Federal Reserve, announced the PPIP. The PPIP aims to recreate a market for specific illiquid residential and commercial loans and securities through a number of joint public and private investment funds. The PPIP is designed to draw new private capital into the market for these securities and loans by providing government equity co-investment and attractive public financing.
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These programs are still in early stages of development, and it is not possible to predict how the TALF, the PPIP, or other recent U.S. Government actions will impact the financial markets, including current significant levels of volatility, or our current or future investments. To the extent the market does not respond favorably to these initiatives or they do not function as intended, our business may not receive any benefits from this legislation. In addition, the U.S. government, Federal Reserve, Treasury and other governmental and regulatory bodies have taken or are considering taking other actions to address the financial crisis. We cannot predict whether or when such actions may occur, and such actions could have a dramatic impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
There can be no assurance that the actions of the U.S. Government, the Federal Reserve, the Treasury and other governmental and regulatory bodies for the purpose of stabilizing the financial markets, including the establishment of the TALF and the PPIP, or market response to those actions, will achieve the intended effect, that our business will benefit from these actions or that further government or market developments will not adversely impact us.
In response to the financial issues affecting the banking system and the financial markets and going concern threats to investment banks and other financial institutions, the U.S. Government, the Federal Reserve, the Treasury and other governmental and regulatory bodies have taken action to attempt to stabilize the financial markets. Significant measures include the enactment of the Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, or the EESA, to, among other things, establish the Troubled Asset Relief Program, or the TARP; the enactment of the HERA, which established a new regulator for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac; the establishment of the TALF; and the establishment of the PPIP.
There can be no assurance that the EESA, HERA, TALF, PPIP or other recent U.S. Government actions will have a beneficial impact on the financial markets, including on current extreme levels of volatility. To the extent the market does not respond favorably to these initiatives or these initiatives do not function as intended, our business may not receive the anticipated positive impact from the legislation. There can also be no assurance that we will be eligible to participate in any programs established by the U.S. Government such as the TALF or the PPIP or, if we are eligible, that we will be able to utilize them successfully or at all. In addition, because the programs are designed, in part, to provide liquidity to restart the market for certain of our targeted assets, the establishment of these programs may result in increased competition for attractive opportunities in our targeted assets. It is also possible that our competitors may utilize the programs which would provide them with attractive debt and equity capital funding from the U.S. Government. In addition, the U.S. Government, the Federal Reserve, the Treasury and other governmental and regulatory bodies have taken or are considering taking other actions to address the financial crisis. We cannot predict whether or when such actions may occur, and such actions could have a dramatic impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities and competition may limit our ability to acquire desirable investments in our target assets and could also affect the pricing of these securities.
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We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities. Our profitability depends, in large part, on our ability to acquire our target assets at attractive prices. In acquiring our target assets, we will compete with a variety of institutional investors, including other REITs, specialty finance companies, public and private funds (including other funds managed by FIDAC), commercial and investment banks, commercial finance and insurance companies and other financial institutions. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we do. Several other REITs have recently raised, or are expected to raise, significant amounts of capital, and may have investment objectives that overlap with ours, which may create additional competition for investment opportunities. Some competitors may have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that may not be available to us, such as funding from the U.S. Government, if we are not eligible to participate in programs established by the U.S. Government. Many of our competitors are not subject to the operating constraints associated with REIT tax compliance or maintenance of an exemption from the Investment Company Act. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships than us. Furthermore, competition for investments in our target assets may lead to the price of such assets increasing, which may further limit our ability to generate desired returns. We cannot assure you that the competitive pressures we face will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, as a result of this competition, desirable investments in our target assets may be limited in the future and we may not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities from time to time, as we can provide no assurance that we will be able to identify and make investments that are consistent with our investment objectives. In addition, the Federal Reserve's program to purchase Mortgage-Backed Securities could cause an increase in the price of Mortgage-Backed Securities, which would negatively impact the net interest margin with respect to Mortgage-Backed Securities we expect to purchase.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS
An increase in the interest payments on our borrowings relative to the interest we earn on our investment securities may adversely affect our profitability.
We earn money based upon the spread between the interest payments we earn on our investment securities and the interest payments we must make on our borrowings. If the interest payments on our borrowings increase relative to the interest we earn on our investment securities, our profitability may be adversely affected.
The interest payments on our borrowings may increase relative to the interest we earn on our adjustable-rate investment securities for various reasons discussed in this section.
Differences in timing of interest rate adjustments on our investment securities and our borrowings may adversely affect our profitability.
We rely primarily on short-term borrowings to acquire investment securities with long-term maturities. Accordingly, if short-term interest rates increase, this may adversely affect our profitability.
Most of the investment securities we acquire are adjustable-rate securities. This means that their interest rates may vary over time based upon changes in an objective index, such as:
· | LIBOR. The interest rate that banks in London offer for deposits in London of U.S. dollars. |
· | Treasury Rate. A monthly or weekly average yield of benchmark Treasury securities, as published by the Federal Reserve Board. |
· | CD Rate. The weekly average of secondary market interest rates on six-month negotiable certificates of deposit, as published by the Federal Reserve Board. |
These indices generally reflect short-term interest rates.
The interest rates on our borrowings similarly vary with changes in an objective index. Nevertheless, the interest rates on our borrowings generally adjust more frequently than the interest rates on our adjustable-rate investment securities. Accordingly, in a period of rising interest rates, we could experience a decrease in net income or a net loss because the interest rates on our borrowings adjust faster than the interest rates on our adjustable-rate investment securities.
Interest rate caps on our investment securities may adversely affect our profitability.
Our adjustable-rate investment securities are typically subject to periodic and lifetime interest rate caps. Periodic interest rate caps limit the amount an interest rate can increase during any given period. Lifetime interest rate caps limit the amount an interest rate can increase through maturity of an investment security. Our borrowings are not subject to similar restrictions. Accordingly, in a period of rapidly increasing interest rates, we could experience a decrease in net income or experience a net loss because the interest rates on our borrowings could increase without limitation while the interest rates on our adjustable-rate investment securities would be limited by caps.
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Because we acquire fixed-rate securities, an increase in interest rates may adversely affect our profitability.
In a period of rising interest rates, our interest payments could increase while the interest we earn on our fixed-rate mortgage-backed securities would not change. This would adversely affect our profitability.
An increase in prepayment rates may adversely affect our profitability.
The mortgage-backed securities we acquire are backed by pools of mortgage loans. We receive payments, generally, from the payments that are made on these underlying mortgage loans. When borrowers prepay their mortgage loans at rates that are faster than expected, this results in prepayments that are faster than expected on the mortgage-backed securities. These faster than expected prepayments may adversely affect our profitability. We often purchase mortgage-backed securities that have a higher interest rate than the market interest rate at the time. In exchange for this higher interest rate, we must pay a premium over the market value to acquire the security. In accordance with accounting rules, we amortize this premium over the term of the mortgage-backed security. If the mortgage-backed security is prepaid in whole or in part prior to its maturity date, however, we must expense all or a part of the remaining unamortized portion of the premium that was prepaid at the time of the prepayment. This adversely affects our profitability.
Prepayment rates generally increase when interest rates fall and decrease when interest rates rise, but changes in prepayment rates are difficult to predict. Prepayment rates also may be affected by conditions in the housing and financial markets, general economic conditions and the relative interest rates on fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgage loans.
We may seek to reduce prepayment risk by acquiring mortgage-backed securities at a discount. If a discounted security is prepaid in whole or in part prior to its maturity date, we will earn income equal to the amount of the remaining discount. This will improve our profitability if the discounted securities are prepaid faster than expected. We also can acquire mortgage-backed securities that are less affected by prepayments. For example, we can acquire CMOs, a type of mortgage-backed security. CMOs divide a pool of mortgage loans into multiple tranches that allow for shifting of prepayment risks from slower-paying tranches to faster-paying tranches. This is in contrast to pass-through or pay-through mortgage-backed securities, where all investors share equally in all payments, including all prepayments. As discussed below, the Investment Company Act of 1940 imposes restrictions on our purchase of CMOs.
While we seek to minimize prepayment risk to the extent practical, in selecting investments we must balance prepayment risk against other risks and the potential returns of each investment. No strategy can completely insulate us from prepayment risk.
An increase in interest rates may adversely affect our book value.
Increases in interest rates may negatively affect the market value of our investment securities. Our fixed-rate securities, generally, are more negatively affected by these increases. In accordance with accounting rules, we reduce our book value by the amount of any decrease in the market value of our investment securities.
Failure to procure funding on favorable terms, or at all, would adversely affect our results and may, in turn, negatively affect the market price of shares of our common stock.
The current dislocation and weakness in the broader mortgage markets could adversely affect one or more of our potential lenders and could cause one or more of our potential lenders to be unwilling or unable to provide us with financing. This could potentially increase our financing costs and reduce our liquidity. If one or more major market participants fails or otherwise experiences a major liquidity crisis, as was the case for Bear Stearns & Co. in March 2008 and Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. in September 2008, it could negatively impact the marketability of all fixed income securities, including Mortgage-Backed Securities and this could negatively impact the value of the securities we acquire, thus reducing our net book value. Furthermore, if any of our potential lenders or any of our lenders are unwilling or unable to provide us with financing, we could be forced to sell our assets at an inopportune time when prices are depressed.
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Our strategy involves significant leverage.
We seek to maintain a ratio of debt-to-equity of between 8:1 and 12:1, although our ratio may at times be above or below this amount. We incur this leverage by borrowing against a substantial portion of the market value of our investment securities. By incurring this leverage, we can enhance our returns. Nevertheless, this leverage, which is fundamental to our investment strategy, also creates significant risks.
Our leverage may cause substantial losses.
Because of our significant leverage, we may incur substantial losses if our borrowing costs increase. Our borrowing costs may increase for any of the following reasons:
· | short-term interest rates increase; |
· | the market value of our investment securities decreases; |
· | interest rate volatility increases; or |
· | the availability of financing in the market decreases. |
Our leverage may cause margin calls and defaults and force us to sell assets under adverse market conditions.
Because of our leverage, a decline in the value of our investment securities may result in our lenders initiating margin calls. A margin call means that the lender requires us to pledge additional collateral to re-establish the ratio of the value of the collateral to the amount of the borrowing. Our fixed-rate mortgage-backed securities generally are more susceptible to margin calls as increases in interest rates tend to more negatively affect the market value of fixed-rate securities.
If we are unable to satisfy margin calls, our lenders may foreclose on our collateral. This could force us to sell our investment securities under adverse market conditions. Additionally, in the event of our bankruptcy, our borrowings, which are generally made under repurchase agreements, may qualify for special treatment under the Bankruptcy Code. This special treatment would allow the lenders under these agreements to avoid the automatic stay provisions of the Bankruptcy Code and to liquidate the collateral under these agreements without delay.
Liquidation of collateral may jeopardize our REIT status.
To continue to qualify as a REIT, we must comply with requirements regarding our assets and our sources of income. If we are compelled to liquidate our investment securities, we may be unable to comply with these requirements, ultimately jeopardizing our status as a REIT and our failure to qualify as a REIT will have adverse tax consequences.
We may exceed our target leverage ratios.
We seek to maintain a ratio of debt-to-equity of between 8:1 and 12:1. However, we are not required to stay within this leverage ratio. If we exceed this ratio, the adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations from the types of risks described in this section would likely be more severe. We may not be able to achieve our optimal leverage.
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We use leverage as a strategy to increase the return to our investors. However, we may not be able to achieve our desired leverage for any of the following reasons:
· | we determine that the leverage would expose us to excessive risk; |
· | our lenders do not make funding available to us at acceptable rates; or |
· | our lenders require that we provide additional collateral to cover our borrowings. |
We may incur increased borrowing costs which would adversely affect our profitability.
Currently, all of our borrowings are collateralized borrowings in the form of repurchase agreements. If the interest rates on these repurchase agreements increase, it would adversely affect our profitability.
Our borrowing costs under repurchase agreements generally correspond to short-term interest rates such as LIBOR or a short-term Treasury index, plus or minus a margin. The margins on these borrowings over or under short-term interest rates may vary depending upon:
· | the movement of interest rates; |
· | the availability of financing in the market; or |
· | the value and liquidity of our investment securities. |
If we are unable to renew our borrowings at favorable rates, our profitability may be adversely affected.
Since we rely primarily on short-term borrowings, our ability to achieve our investment objectives depends not only on our ability to borrow money in sufficient amounts and on favorable terms, but also on our ability to renew or replace on a continuous basis our maturing short-term borrowings. If we are not able to renew or replace maturing borrowings, we would have to sell our assets under possibly adverse market conditions.
Our hedging strategies expose us to risks.
Our policies permit us to enter into interest rate swaps, caps and floors and other derivative transactions to help us mitigate our interest rate and prepayment risks described above. We have used interest rate swaps and interest rate caps to provide a level of protection against interest rate risks, but no hedging strategy can protect us completely. Interest rate hedging may fail to protect or could adversely affect us because, among other things: interest rate hedging can be expensive, particularly during periods of rising and volatile interest rates; available interest rate hedges may not correspond directly with the interest rate risk for which protection is sought; and the duration of the hedge may not match the duration of the related liability.
Our hedging strategies may not be successful in mitigating the risks associated with interest rates.
We cannot assure you that our use of derivatives will offset the risks related to changes in interest rates. It is likely that there will be periods in the future during which we will incur losses on our derivative financial instruments that will not be fully offset by gains on our portfolio. The derivative financial instruments we select may not have the effect of reducing our interest rate risk. In addition, the nature and timing of hedging transactions may influence the effectiveness of these strategies. Poorly designed strategies or improperly executed transactions could significantly increase our risk and lead to material losses. In addition, hedging strategies involve transaction and other costs. Our hedging strategy and the derivatives that we use may not adequately offset the risk of interest rate volatility or that our hedging transactions may not result in losses.
Our use of derivatives may expose us to counterparty risks.
We enter into interest rate swap and cap agreements to hedge risks associated with movements in interest rates. If a swap counterparty cannot perform under the terms of an interest rate swap, we would not receive payments due under that agreement, we may lose any unrealized gain associated with the interest rate swap, and the hedged liability would cease to be hedged by the interest rate swap. We may also be at risk for any collateral we have pledged to secure our obligations under the interest rate swap if the counterparty becomes insolvent or files for bankruptcy. Similarly, if a cap counterparty fails to perform under the terms of the cap agreement, in addition to not receiving payments due under that agreement that would off-sets our interest expense, we would also incur a loss for all remaining unamortized premium paid for that agreement.
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We may face risks of investing in inverse floating rate securities.
We may invest in inverse floaters. The returns on inverse floaters are inversely related to changes in an interest rate. Generally, income on inverse floaters will decrease when interest rates increase and increase when interest rates decrease. Investments in inverse floaters may subject us to the risks of reduced or eliminated interest payments and losses of principal. In addition, certain indexed securities and inverse floaters may increase or decrease in value at a greater rate than the underlying interest rate, which effectively leverages our investment in such securities. As a result, the market value of such securities will generally be more volatile than that of fixed rate securities.
Our investment strategy may involve credit risk.
We may incur losses if there are payment defaults under our investment securities.
To date, all of our mortgage-backed securities have been agency certificates and agency debentures which, although not rated, carry an implied "AAA" rating. Agency certificates are mortgage pass-through certificates where Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae or Ginnie Mae guarantees payments of principal or interest on the certificates. Agency debentures are debt instruments issued by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, or the FHLB.
Even though to date we have only acquired mortgage-backed securities with an actual or implied "AAA" rating, pursuant to our capital investment policy, we have the ability to acquire securities of lower credit quality. Under our policy:
· | 75% of our investments must be comprised of high-quality mortgage-backed securities and short-term investments. High quality securities means securities that (1) are rated within one of the two highest rating categories by at least one of the nationally recognized rating agencies, (2) are unrated but are guaranteed by the United States government or an agency of the United States government, or (3) are unrated but we determine them to be of comparable quality to rated high-quality mortgage-backed securities; and |
· | the remaining 25% of our total assets, may consist of other qualified REIT real estate assets which are unrated or rated less than high quality, but which are at least "investment grade" (rated "BBB" or better by S&P or the equivalent by another nationally recognized rating agency) or, if not rated, we determine them to be of comparable credit quality to an investment which is rated "BBB" or better. In addition, we may directly or indirectly invest part of this remaining 25% of our assets in other types of securities, including without limitation, unrated debt, equity or derivate securities, to the extent consistent with our REIT qualification requirements. The derivative securities in which we invest may include securities representing the right to receive interest only or a disproportionately large amount of interest, as well as inverse floaters, which may have imbedded leverage as part of their structural characteristics. |
We have not established a minimum dividend payment level.
We intend to pay quarterly dividends and to make distributions to our stockholders in amounts such that all or substantially all of our taxable income in each year (subject to certain adjustments) is distributed. This enables us to qualify for the tax benefits accorded to a REIT under the Code. We have not established a minimum dividend payment level and our ability to pay dividends may be adversely affected for the reasons described in this section. All distributions will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our earnings, our financial condition, maintenance of our REIT status and such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant from time to time.
Because of competition, we may not be able to acquire mortgage-backed securities at favorable yields.
Our net income depends, in large part, on our ability to acquire mortgage-backed securities at favorable spreads over our borrowing costs. In acquiring mortgage-backed securities, we compete with other REITs, investment banking firms, savings and loan associations, banks, insurance companies, mutual funds, other lenders and other entities that purchase mortgage-backed securities, many of which have greater financial resources than us. As a result, in the future, we may not be able to acquire sufficient mortgage-backed securities at favorable spreads over our borrowing costs.
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We are dependent on our key personnel
We are dependent on the efforts of our key officers and employees, including Michael A. J. Farrell, our Chairman of the board of directors, Chief Executive Officer and President, Wellington J. Denahan-Norris, our Vice Chairman, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Investment Officer, and Kathryn F. Fagan, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. The loss of any of their services could have an adverse effect on our operations. Although we have employment agreements with each of them, we cannot assure you they will remain employed with us.
We are dependent on information systems and systems' failures could significantly disrupt our business
Our business is highly dependent on our communications and information systems. Any failure or interruption of our systems could cause delays or other problems in our securities trading activities, which could have a material adverse effect on our operation and performance.
WE AND OUR SHAREHOLDERS ARE SUBJECT TO CERTAIN TAX RISKS
Our failure to qualify as a REIT would have adverse tax consequences.
We believe that since 1997 we have qualified for taxation as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. We plan to continue to meet the requirements for taxation as a REIT. The determination that we are a REIT requires an analysis of various factual matters and circumstances that may not be totally within our control. For example, to qualify as a REIT, at least 75% of our gross income must come from real estate sources and 95% of our gross income must come from real estate sources and certain other sources that are itemized in the REIT tax laws. We are also required to distribute to stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and by excluding any net capital gain). Even a technical or inadvertent mistake could jeopardize our REIT status. Furthermore, Congress and the Internal Revenue Service (or IRS) might make changes to the tax laws and regulations, and the courts might issue new rulings that make it more difficult or impossible for us to remain qualified as a REIT.
If we fail to qualify as a REIT, we would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates. Also, unless the IRS granted us relief under certain statutory provisions, we would remain disqualified as a REIT for four years following the year we first fail to qualify. If we fail to qualify as a REIT, we would have to pay significant income taxes and would therefore have less money available for investments or for distributions to our stockholders. This would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our securities. In addition, the tax law would no longer require us to make distributions to our stockholders.
A REIT that fails the quarterly asset tests for one or more quarters will not lose its REIT status as a result of such failure if either (i) the failure is regarded as a de minimis failure under standards set out in the Internal Revenue Code, or (ii) the failure is greater than a de minimis failure but is attributable to reasonable cause and not willful neglect. In the case of a greater than de minimis failure, however, the REIT must pay a tax and must remedy the failure within 6 months of the close of the quarter in which the failure was identified. In addition, the Internal Revenue Code provides relief for failures of other tests imposed as a condition of REIT qualification, as long as the failures are attributable to reasonable cause and not willful neglect. A REIT would be required to pay a penalty of $50,000, however, in the case of each failure.
We have certain distribution requirements
As a REIT, we must distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and by excluding any net capital gain). The required distribution limits the amount we have available for other business purposes, including amounts to fund our growth. Also, it is possible that because of the differences between the time we actually receive revenue or pay expenses and the period we report those items for distribution purposes, we may have to borrow funds on a short-term basis to meet the 90% distribution requirement.
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We are also subject to other tax liabilities
Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may be subject to certain federal, state and local taxes on our income and property. Any of these taxes would reduce our operating cash flow.
Limits on ownership of our common stock could have adverse consequences to you and could limit your opportunity to receive a premium on our stock
To maintain our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, not more than 50% in value of the outstanding shares of our capital stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the federal tax laws to include certain entities). Primarily to facilitate maintenance of our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, our charter will prohibit ownership, directly or by the attribution provisions of the federal tax laws, by any person of more than 9.8% of the lesser of the number or value of the issued and outstanding shares of our common stock and will prohibit ownership, directly or by the attribution provisions of the federal tax laws, by any person of more than 9.8% of the lesser of the number or value of the issued and outstanding shares of any class or series of our preferred stock. Our board of directors, in its sole and absolute discretion, may waive or modify the ownership limit with respect to one or more persons who would not be treated as "individuals" for purposes of the federal tax laws if it is satisfied, based upon information required to be provided by the party seeking the waiver and upon an opinion of counsel satisfactory to the board of directors, that ownership in excess of this limit will not otherwise jeopardize our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
The ownership limit may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control and, therefore, could adversely affect our shareholders' ability to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price for our common stock in connection with a change in control.
A REIT cannot invest more than 25% of its total assets in the stock or securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries; therefore, our taxable subsidiaries cannot constitute more than 25% of our total assets
A taxable REIT subsidiary is a corporation, other than a REIT or a qualified REIT subsidiary, in which a REIT owns stock and which elects taxable REIT subsidiary status. The term also includes a corporate subsidiary in which the taxable REIT subsidiary owns more than a 35% interest. A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. A taxable REIT subsidiary may earn income that would not be qualifying income if earned directly by the parent REIT. Overall, at the close of any calendar quarter, no more than 25% of the value of a REIT's assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries.
The stock and securities of our taxable REIT subsidiaries are expected to represent less than 25% of the value of our total assets. Furthermore, we intend to monitor the value of our investments in the stock and securities of our taxable REIT subsidiaries to ensure compliance with the above-described 25% limitation. We cannot assure you, however, that we will always be able to comply with the 25% limitation so as to maintain REIT status.
Taxable REIT subsidiaries are subject to tax at the regular corporate rates, are not required to distribute dividends, and the amount of dividends a taxable REIT subsidiary can pay to its parent REIT may be limited by REIT gross income tests
A taxable REIT subsidiary must pay income tax at regular corporate rates on any income that it earns. Our taxable REIT subsidiaries will pay corporate income tax on their taxable income, and their after-tax net income will be available for distribution to us. Such income, however, is not required to be distributed.
Moreover, the annual gross income tests that must be satisfied to ensure REIT qualification may limit the amount of dividends that we can receive from our taxable REIT subsidiaries and still maintain our REIT status. Generally, not more than 25% of our gross income can be derived from non-real estate related sources, such as dividends from a taxable REIT subsidiary. If, for any taxable year, the dividends we received from our taxable REIT subsidiaries, when added to our other items of non-real estate related income, represented more than 25% of our total gross income for the year, we could be denied REIT status, unless we were able to demonstrate, among other things, that our failure of the gross income test was due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect.
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The limitations imposed by the REIT gross income tests may impede our ability to distribute assets from our taxable REIT subsidiaries to us in the form of dividends. Certain asset transfers may, therefore, have to be structured as purchase and sale transactions upon which our taxable REIT subsidiaries recognize taxable gain.
If interest accrues on indebtedness owed by a taxable REIT subsidiary to its parent REIT at a rate in excess of a commercially reasonable rate, or if transactions between a REIT and a taxable REIT subsidiary are entered into on other than arm's-length terms, the REIT may be subject to a penalty tax
If interest accrues on an indebtedness owed by a taxable REIT subsidiary to its parent REIT at a rate in excess of a commercially reasonable rate, the REIT is subject to tax at a rate of 100% on the excess of (i) interest payments made by a taxable REIT subsidiary to its parent REIT over (ii) the amount of interest that would have been payable had interest accrued on the indebtedness at a commercially reasonable rate. A tax at a rate of 100% is also imposed on any transaction between a taxable REIT subsidiary and its parent REIT to the extent the transaction gives rise to deductions to the taxable REIT subsidiary that are in excess of the deductions that would have been allowable had the transaction been entered into on arm's-length terms. We will scrutinize all of our transactions with our taxable REIT subsidiaries in an effort to ensure that we do not become subject to these taxes. We may not be able to avoid application of these taxes.
RISKS OF OWNERSHIP OF OUR COMMON STOCK
Issuances of large amounts of our stock could cause the market price of our common stock to decline
If we issue a significant number of shares of common stock or securities convertible into common stock in a short period of time, there could be a dilution of the existing common stock and a decrease in the market price of the common stock.
We may change our policies without stockholder approval
Our board of directors and management determine all of our policies, including our investment, financing and distribution policies. They may amend or revise these policies at any time without a vote of our stockholders. Policy changes could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common stock or our ability to pay dividends or distributions.
Our governing documents and Maryland law impose limitations on the acquisition of our common stock and changes in control that could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us.
Maryland Business Combination Act
The Maryland General Corporation Law establishes special requirements for "business combinations" between a Maryland corporation and "interested stockholders" unless exemptions are applicable. An interested stockholder is any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our then-outstanding voting stock. Among other things, the law prohibits for a period of five years a merger and other similar transactions between us and an interested stockholder unless the board of directors approved the transaction prior to the party's becoming an interested stockholder. The five-year period runs from the most recent date on which the interested stockholder became an interested stockholder. The law also requires a super majority stockholder vote for such transactions after the end of the five-year period. This means that the transaction must be approved by at least:
· | 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding voting shares; and |
· | two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding voting shares other than shares held by the interested stockholder or an affiliate of the interested stockholder with whom the business combination is to be effected. |
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As permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law, we have elected not to be governed by the Maryland business combination statute. We made this election by opting out of this statute in our articles of incorporation. If, however, we amend our articles of incorporation to opt back in to the statute, the business combination statute could have the effect of discouraging offers to acquire us and of increasing the difficulty of consummating any such offers, even if our acquisition would be in our stockholders' best interests.
Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act
Maryland law provides that "control shares" of a Maryland corporation acquired in a "control share acquisition" have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of the stockholders. Two-thirds of the shares eligible to vote must vote in favor of granting the "control shares" voting rights. "Control shares" are shares of stock that, taken together with all other shares of stock the acquirer previously acquired, would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:
· | One-tenth or more but less than one third of all voting power; |
· | One-third or more but less than a majority of all voting power; or |
· | A majority or more of all voting power. |
Control shares do not include shares of stock the acquiring person is entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A "control share acquisition" means the acquisition of control shares, subject to certain exceptions.
If a person who has made (or proposes to make) a control share acquisition satisfies certain conditions (including agreeing to pay expenses), he may compel our board of directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to consider the voting rights of the shares. If such a person makes no request for a meeting, we have the option to present the question at any stockholders' meeting.
If voting rights are not approved at a meeting of stockholders then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, we may redeem any or all of the control shares (except those for which voting rights have previously been approved) for fair value. We will determine the fair value of the shares, without regard to voting rights, as of the date of either:
· | the last control share acquisition; or |
· | the meeting where stockholders considered and did not approve voting rights of the control shares. |
If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders' meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares of stock entitled to vote, all other stockholders may obtain rights as objecting stockholders and, thereunder, exercise appraisal rights. This means that you would be able to force us to redeem your stock for fair value. Under Maryland law, the fair value may not be less than the highest price per share paid in the control share acquisition. Furthermore, certain limitations otherwise applicable to the exercise of dissenters' rights would not apply in the context of a control share acquisition. The control share acquisition statute would not apply to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if we were a party to the transaction. The control share acquisition statute could have the effect of discouraging offers to acquire us and of increasing the difficulty of consummating any such offers, even if our acquisition would be in our stockholders' best interests.
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REGULATORY RISKS
Loss of Investment Company Act exemption would adversely affect us
We intend to conduct our business so as not to become regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. If we fail to qualify for this exemption, our ability to use leverage would be substantially reduced, and we would be unable to conduct our business.
We currently rely on the exemption from registration provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act. Section 3(c)(5)(C), as interpreted by the staff of the SEC, requires us to invest at least 55% of our assets in "mortgages and other liens on and interest in real estate" (or Qualifying Real Estate Assets) and at least 80% of our assets in Qualifying Real Estate Assets plus real estate related assets. The assets that we acquire, therefore, are limited by the provisions of the Investment Company Act and the rules and regulations promulgated under the Investment Company Act. If the SEC determines that any of these securities are not qualifying interests in real estate or real estate related assets, adopts a contrary interpretation with respect to these securities or otherwise believes we do not satisfy the above exceptions, we could be required to restructure our activities or sell certain of our assets. We may be required at times to adopt less efficient methods of financing certain of our mortgage assets and we may be precluded from acquiring certain types of higher yielding mortgage assets. The net effect of these factors will be to lower our net interest income. If we fail to qualify for exemption from registration as an investment company, our ability to use leverage would be substantially reduced, and we would not be able to conduct our business as described. Our business will be materially and adversely affected if we fail to qualify for this exemption.
Compliance with proposed and recently enacted changes in securities laws and regulations increase our costs
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC and the New York Stock Exchange have increased the scope, complexity and cost of corporate governance, reporting and disclosure practices. We believe that these rules and regulations will make it more costly for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These rules and regulations could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of management and our board of directors, particularly to serve on our audit committee.
Item 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
(a) | The annual meeting of stockholders of Annaly Capital Management, Inc. was held on May 29, 2009. |
(b) | All Class I director nominees were elected. |
Director | Votes Received | Votes Withheld |
Wellington Denahan-Norris | 470,896,536 | 15,834,324 |
Michael Haylon | 477,353,203 | 9,377,657 |
Donnell Segalas | 474,539,145 | 12,191,715 |
The continuing directors of the Company are Michael A.J. Farrell, John Lambiase, Donnell A. Segalas, Kevin P. Brady and E. Wayne Nordberg.
In addition to the election of the Class I directors, the ratification of the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for 2009 was approved.
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Proposals and Vote Tabulations
Votes Cast | ||||||||||||
For | Against | Abstain | ||||||||||
Ratification of the appointment of independent registered public accounting firm for 2009 | 478,747,224 | 7,230,720 | 752,916 |
Item 6. EXHIBITS
Exhibits:
The exhibits required by this item are set forth on the Exhibit Index attached hereto.
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description |
3.1 | Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-32913) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 5, 1997). |
3.2 | Articles of Amendment of the Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration Statement 333-74618) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 12, 2002). |
3.3 | Articles of Amendment of the Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant's Form 8-K (filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 3, 2006). |
3.4 | Articles of Amendment of the Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 of the Registrant's Form 10-Q (filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 7, 2008). |
3.5 | Form of Articles Supplementary designating the Registrant’s 7.875% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, liquidation preference $25.00 per share (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s 8-A filed April 1, 2004). |
3.6 | Articles Supplementary of the Registrant’s designating an additional 2,750,000 shares of the Company’s 7.875% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, as filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland on October 15, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s 8-K filed October 4, 2004). |
3.7 | Articles Supplementary designating the Registrant’s 6% Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, liquidation preference $25.00 per share (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s 8-K filed April 10, 2006). |
3.8 | Bylaws of the Registrant, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-32913) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 5, 1997). |
4.1 | Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-32913) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 17, 1997). |
4.2 | Specimen Preferred Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-74618) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 5, 2001). |
4.3 | Specimen Series A Preferred Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on April 1, 2004). |
4.4 | Specimen Series B Preferred Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 10, 2006). |
31.1 | Certification of Michael A.J. Farrell, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and President of the Registrant, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
31.2 | Certification of Kathryn F. Fagan, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Registrant, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.1 | Certification of Michael A.J. Farrell, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and President of the Registrant, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.2 | Certification of Kathryn F. Fagan, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Registrant, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
Exhibit 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document* |
Exhibit 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document* |
Exhibit 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document* |
Exhibit 101.DEF | XBRL Additional Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document Created* |
Exhibit 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document* |
Exhibit 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document* |
* Submitted electronically herewith. Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at June 30, 2009 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2008 (Derived from the audited consolidated statement of financial condition at December 31, 2008); (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008; (iii) Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) for the quarters ended March 31, 2009 and June 30, 2009; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008; and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited). Users of this data are advised pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T that this interactive data file is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
ANNALY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC. | ||
Dated: August 5, 2009 | By: /s/ Michael A.J. Farrell | |
Michael A.J. Farrell | ||
(Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, | ||
President and authorized officer of registrant) | ||
Dated: August 5, 2009 | By: /s/ Kathryn F. Fagan | |
Kathryn F. Fagan | ||
(Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and | ||
principal financial and chief accounting officer) |
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