Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements | NOTE 9. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS Derivative Financial Instruments In the normal course of business, our operations are exposed to market risks, including the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. To manage these risks, we may enter into derivative contracts, such as foreign currency contracts to manage foreign currency exposure, and interest rate swaps to manage the effect of interest rate fluctuations. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Our derivative financial instruments are customized transactions and are not exchange-traded. Management reviews our hedging program, derivative positions and overall risk management strategy on a regular basis. We enter into only those transactions we believe will be highly effective at offsetting the underlying risk. There have been no significant changes in our policy or strategy from what was disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. The following table presents the fair value and classification of our derivative instruments (in thousands): March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Asset Liability Asset Liability Net investment hedges British pound sterling denominated $ 6,877 $ 1,296 $ 7,439 $ - Canadian dollar denominated - 1,595 1,245 - Forwards and options (1) British pound sterling denominated 13,320 547 16,985 - Canadian dollar denominated 204 230 831 197 Euro denominated 8,174 - 10,933 - Yen denominated 5,596 2,306 9,246 1,071 Interest rate hedges 121 - 435 - Total fair value of derivatives $ 34,292 $ 5,974 $ 47,114 $ 1,268 (1) As discussed below, these foreign currency options are not designated as hedges. We recognized unrealized losses of $13.7 million and $16.8 million in Foreign Currency and Derivative Losses, Net Foreign Currency We primarily manage our foreign currency exposure by borrowing in the currencies in which we invest. We may issue debt in a currency that is not the same functional currency of the borrowing entity to offset the translation and economic exposures related to our net investment in international subsidiaries. To mitigate the impact of the translation from the fluctuations in exchange rates, we may designate this debt as a nonderivative financial instrument hedge. We also hedge our investments in certain international subsidiaries using foreign currency derivative contracts (net investment hedges) to offset the translation and economic exposures related to our investments in these subsidiaries by locking in a forward exchange rate at the inception of the hedge. To the extent we have an effective hedging relationship, we report all changes in fair value of the hedged portion of the nonderivative financial instruments and net investment hedges in equity in the foreign currency translation component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (“AOCI”) AOCI Foreign Currency and Derivative Losses, Net We may use foreign currency option contracts, including puts, calls and collars to mitigate foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with the translation of our projected net operating income of our international subsidiaries. These are not designated as hedges as they do not meet hedge accounting requirements. Changes in the fair value of non-hedge designated derivatives are recorded in Foreign Currency and Derivative Losses, Net The following tables summarize the activity in our foreign currency contracts for the three months ended March 31 (in millions, except for weighted average forward rates and number of active contracts): 2017 Foreign Currency Contracts Local Currency Net Investment Hedges Forwards and Options CAD GBP CAD EUR GBP JPY Notional amounts at January 1 $ 133 £ 31 $ 50 € 174 £ 48 ¥ 15,500 New contracts 133 100 - 32 63 2,000 Matured, expired or settled contracts (133 ) - (7 ) (26 ) (15 ) (1,750 ) Notional amounts at March 31 $ 133 £ 131 $ 43 € 180 £ 96 ¥ 15,750 Foreign Currency Contracts U.S. Dollar Net Investment Hedges Forwards and Options Notional amounts at January 1 $ 100 $ 46 $ 38 $ 197 $ 78 $ 144 New contracts 99 127 - 36 80 19 Matured, expired or settled contracts (100 ) - (6 ) (30 ) (22 ) (16 ) Notional amounts at March 31 $ 99 $ 173 $ 32 $ 203 $ 136 $ 147 Weighted average forward rate at March 31 1.33 1.32 1.32 1.13 1.37 107.19 Active contracts at March 31 2 4 14 25 17 31 2016 Foreign Currency Contracts Local Currency Net Investment Hedges Forwards and Options CAD GBP JPY EUR GBP JPY Other Notional amounts at January 1 $ - £ 238 ¥ - € 275 £ 97 ¥ 12,840 New contracts 133 - 11,189 60 - 4,000 Matured, expired or settled contracts - - (11,189 ) (45 ) (12 ) (1,460 ) Notional amounts at March 31 $ 133 £ 238 ¥ - € 290 £ 85 ¥ 15,380 Foreign Currency Contracts U.S. Dollar Net Investment Hedges Forwards and Options (1) Notional amounts at January 1 $ - $ 386 $ - $ 310 $ 148 $ 109 $ 50 New contracts 100 - 99 68 - 36 9 Matured, expired or settled contracts - - (99 ) (51 ) (18 ) (13 ) (8 ) Notional amounts at March 31 $ 100 $ 386 $ - $ 327 $ 130 $ 132 $ 51 (1) During the Foreign Currency and Derivative Losses, Net. Interest Rate We may enter into interest rate swap agreements that allow us to receive variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for us making fixed-rate payments over the life of our agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. We report the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative as a component of AOCI Interest Expense Interest Expense At March 31, 2017, and December 31, 2016, we had three interest rate swaps outstanding with a notional amount of $271.2 million. We did not enter into or settle any interest rate swaps during the three months ended March 31, 2017, or 2016. Other Comprehensive Income The change in Other Comprehensive Income The following table presents the gains and (losses) associated with the change in fair value for the effective portion of our derivative and nonderivative hedging instruments included in Other Comprehensive Income Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 2016 Derivative net investment hedges (1) $ 2,294 $ 7,908 Interest rate and cash flow hedges (2) 429 (11,121 ) Our share of derivatives from unconsolidated co-investment ventures 2,202 (4,771 ) Total derivative instruments 4,925 (7,984 ) Nonderivative net investment hedges (3) (44,526 ) (161,189 ) Total derivative and nonderivative hedging instruments $ (39,601 ) $ (169,173 ) (1) We received $1.8 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, and 2016, respectively, upon the settlement of net investment hedges. (2) The amounts reclassified to interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2017, and 2016, were $1.4 million and $1.0 million, respectively. For the next 12 months from March 31, 2017, we estimate an additional expense of $5.5 million will be reclassified to Interest Expense (3) At March 31, 2017, and December 31, 2016, we had €3.2 billion ($3.4 billion) of debt, net of accrued interest, respectively, designated as nonderivative financial instrument hedges of our net investment in international subsidiaries. We recognized unrealized losses of $4.1 million in Foreign Currency and Derivative Losses, Net Fair Value Measurements There have been no significant changes in our policy from what was disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis At March 31, 2017, and December 31, 2016, other than the derivatives discussed previously, we did not have any significant financial assets or financial liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the Consolidated Financial Statements. All of our derivatives held at March 31, 2017, and December 31, 2016, were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Fair Value Measurements on Nonrecurring Basis No assets met the criteria to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2017, or December 31, 2016. Fair Value of Financial Instruments At March 31, 2017, and December 31, 2016, the carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts and notes receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses were representative of their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The differences in the fair value of our debt from the carrying value in the table below are the result of differences in interest rates or borrowing spreads that were available to us at March 31, 2017, and December 31, 2016, as compared with those in effect when the debt was issued or assumed. The senior notes and many of the issues of secured mortgage debt contain pre-payment penalties or yield maintenance provisions that could make the cost of refinancing the debt at lower rates exceed the benefit that would be derived from doing so. The following table reflects the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our debt (in thousands): March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value Credit Facilities $ - $ - $ 35,023 $ 35,061 Senior notes 6,471,112 6,967,522 6,417,492 6,935,485 Term loans and unsecured other 1,840,400 1,857,013 1,499,001 1,510,661 Secured mortgages 1,945,201 2,025,183 979,585 1,055,020 Secured mortgages of consolidated entities 710,219 709,741 1,677,193 1,683,489 Total debt $ 10,966,932 $ 11,559,459 $ 10,608,294 $ 11,219,716 |