Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Track Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, Track Group Analytics Limited, Track Group Americas, Inc., Track Group International LTD., and Track Group - Chile SpA. All significant inter-company transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the period presented. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically and the effects of revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period they are determined to be necessary. Significant estimates made in the accompanying consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, allowances for doubtful accounts, certain assumptions related to the recoverability of intangible and long-lived assets. Business Combinations Business combinations are accounted for under the provisions of ASC 805-10, Business Combinations Goodwill represents costs in excess of purchase price over the fair value of the assets of businesses acquired, including other identifiable intangible assets. Foreign Currency Translation The Chilean Peso, New Israeli Shekel and the Canadian Dollar are used as functional currencies of the operating subsidiaries: (i) Track Group Chile SpA; (ii) Track Group International Ltd.; and (iii) Track Group Analytics Limited, respectively. The balance sheets of all subsidiaries have been converted into United States Dollars (“ USD Other Intangible Assets Other intangible assets principally consist of patents, royalty purchase agreements, developed technology acquired, customer relationships, trade name, capitalized software development costs, and capitalized website development costs. The Company accounts for other intangible assets in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and does not amortize intangible assets with indefinite lives. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives, which range from three to twenty years. Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate possible impairment. Fair Value of Financial Investments The carrying amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and debt obligations approximate fair values because of the immediate or short-term maturities of these financial instruments. The carrying amounts of our debt obligations approximate fair value as the interest rates approximate market interest rates. Concentration of Credit Risk In the normal course of business, the Company provides credit terms to its customers and requires no collateral. Accordingly, the Company performs credit evaluations of our customers' financial condition. The Company had sales to entities, two of which represented more than 10% of gross revenue, as follows for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. 2018 % 2017 % Customer A $ 9,201,502 30 % $ 8,747,338 29 % Customer B $ 3,772,540 12 % $ 3,743,508 13 % Customer C $ 2,468,472 8 % $ 2,326,318 8 % No other customer represented more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 or 2017. Concentration of credit risk associated with the Company’s total and outstanding accounts receivable as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are shown in the table below: 2018 % 2017 % Customer A $ 1,689,976 29 % $ 1,657,316 30 % Customer B $ 594,626 10 % $ 641,973 12 % Customer C $ 428,560 7 % $ 394,253 7 % Based upon the expected collectability of our accounts receivable, the Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts. Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents consist of investments with original maturities to the Company of three months or less. The Company has cash in bank accounts that, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. The Company had $2,900,105 and $1,445,364 of cash deposits in excess of federally insured limits as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable, which is made up of trade receivables for monitoring and other related services, are carried at original invoice amount less an estimate made for doubtful receivables based on a review of all outstanding amounts on a monthly basis. The allowance is estimated by management based on certain assumptions and variables, including the customer’s financial condition, age of the customer’s receivables and changes in payment histories. Trade receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of trade receivables previously written off are recorded when cash is received. A trade receivable is considered to be past due if any portion of the receivable balance has not been received by the Company within its normal terms. Interest income is not recorded on trade receivables that are past due, unless that interest is collected. Note Receivable Notes receivable are carried at the face amount of each note plus respective accrued interest receivable, less received payments. The Company does not typically carry notes receivable in the course of its regular business, but entered into an agreement with one of its customers during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2012. Payments under the note are recorded as they are received and are immediately offset against any outstanding accrued interest before they are applied against the outstanding principal balance on the respective note. The note requires monthly payments of $15,000, and matured in May 2014. The note is currently in default and accrues interest at a rate of 17% per annum. As of June 30, 2016, the Company no longer accrues interest on the note. As of September 30, 2018, the outstanding balance of the note was $120,824 of principal and $113,909 of accrued interest, which are both fully reserved. Prepaid expense and other The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for prepaid expense and other current assets approximate their fair market value based on the short-term maturity of these assets. Prepaid assets and other is comprised largely of performance bond deposits, tax deposits, vendor deposits and other prepaid supplier expenses. We generally expect deposits to be returned to the Company as cash within 12 months and prepaid expenses to be allocated over the commitment. Inventory Inventory is valued at the lower of the cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the standard costing method. Net realizable value is determined based on the item selling price. Inventory is periodically reviewed in order to identify obsolete or damaged items or impaired values. The Company did not record impairment of inventory during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Inventory consists of finished goods that are to be shipped to customers and parts used for minor repairs of ReliAlert™, Shadow, and other tracking devices. Completed and shipped ReliAlert™ and other tracking devices are reflected in Monitoring Equipment. As of September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively, inventory consisted of the following: 2018 2017 Finished goods inventory $ 304,053 $ 288,744 Reserve for damaged or obsolete inventory (26,934 ) (26,934 ) Total inventory, net of reserves $ 277,119 $ 261,810 The Company uses a third-party fulfillment service provider. As a result of this service, the Company’s employees do not assemble, repair or process inventory or monitoring equipment being shipped directly from suppliers. Purchases of monitoring equipment are recognized directly. Management believes this process reduces maintenance and fulfillment costs associated with inventory and monitoring equipment. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are determined using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, typically three to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the lease. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed while renewals and improvements are capitalized. Property and equipment consisted of the following as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively: 2018 2017 Equipment, software and tooling $ 1,074,471 $ 1,028,081 Automobiles 6,153 52,230 Leasehold improvements 1,358,984 1,307,802 Furniture and fixtures 305,089 293,621 Total property and equipment before accumulated depreciation 2,744,697 2,681,734 Accumulated depreciation (1,999,222 ) (1,778,634 ) Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation $ 745,475 $ 903,100 Property and equipment to be disposed of is reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value, less the estimated costs to sell and any gains or losses are included in the results of operations. During the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized an $8,500 gain and $0 gain, respectively on the disposal of property and equipment. Internally developed software costs related to the Company’s monitoring platform are recorded as intangible assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. See Note 14. Depreciation expense recognized for property and equipment for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $348,162 and $366,124, respectively. Monitoring Equipment The Company leases monitoring equipment to agencies for offender tracking under contractual service agreements. The monitoring equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of between one and five years. Monitoring equipment as of September 30, 2018 and 2017 is as follows: 2018 2017 Monitoring equipment $ 8,488,196 $ 8,399,937 Less: accumulated amortization (5,325,654 ) (4,906,925 ) Monitoring equipment, net of accumulated depreciation $ 3,162,542 $ 3,493,012 Amortization expense for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $1,360,753 and $1,678,668, respectively. This expense was classified as a cost of revenue. Monitoring equipment to be disposed of is reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value, less the estimated costs to sell. As part of the sale of assets described in Note 4, the Company disposed of $771,568 of monitoring equipment and $361,463 of related accumulated amortization in the year ended September 30, 2017. During the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company disposed of leased monitoring equipment and parts of $390,098 and $569,371, respectively. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the book value of an asset may not be recoverable, and in the case of goodwill, at least annually. The Company evaluates whether events and circumstances have occurred which indicate possible impairment as of each balance sheet date. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset. Impairment of long-lived assets is assessed at the lowest levels for which there is an identifiable fair value that is independent of other groups of assets. See Note 14. Revenue Recognition Our revenue is predominantly derived from two sources: (i) monitoring services, and (ii) product sales. Monitoring Services Monitoring services include two components: (a) lease contracts pursuant to which the Company provides monitoring services and leases devices to distributors or end users and the Company retains ownership of the leased device; and (b) monitoring services purchased by distributors or end users who have previously purchased monitoring devices and opt to use the Company’s monitoring services. The Company typically leases devices under multi-year contracts with customers that opt to use our monitoring services. However, some of these contracts may be cancelled by either party at any time with 30 days’ notice. Under our standard leasing contract, the leased device becomes billable on the date of activation or seven to 21 days from the date the device is assigned to the lessee, and remains billable until the device is returned to the Company. The Company recognizes revenue on leased devices at the end of each month that monitoring services have been provided. In those circumstances in which the Company receives payment in advance, we record these payments as deferred revenue. Product Sales The Company may sell monitoring devices in certain situations to customers. In addition, the Company may sell equipment in connection with building out and setting up a monitoring center on behalf of customers. The Company recognizes product sales revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement with the customer exists, title passes to the customer and the customer cannot return the devices or equipment, prices are fixed or determinable (including sales not being made outside the normal payment terms) and collection is reasonably assured. When purchasing products (such as ReliAlert™ and Shadow™ devices) from the Company, customers may, but are not required to, enter into monitoring service contracts with us. The Company recognizes revenue on monitoring services for customers that have previously purchased devices at the end of each month that monitoring services have been provided. The Company sells and installs standalone tracking systems that do not require ongoing monitoring by us. We have experience in component installation costs and direct labor hours related to this type of sale and can typically reasonably estimate costs; therefore, the Company recognizes revenue over the period in which the installation services are performed using the percentage-of-completion method of accounting for material installations. The Company typically uses labor hours or costs incurred to date as a percentage of the total estimated labor hours or costs to fulfill the contract as the most reliable and meaningful measure that is available for determining a project’s progress toward completion. The Company evaluates its estimated labor hours and costs and determines the estimated gross profit or loss on each installation for each reporting period. If it is determined that total cost estimates are likely to exceed revenue, the Company accrues the estimated losses immediately. All amounts billed have been earned. Multiple Element Arrangements The majority of the Company’s revenue transactions do not have multiple elements. However, on occasion, the Company may enter into revenue transactions that have multiple elements. These may include different combinations of products or monitoring services that are included in a single billable rate. These products or monitoring services are delivered over time as the customer utilizes our services. For revenue arrangements that have multiple elements, we consider whether the delivered devices have standalone value to the customer, there is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered monitoring services, which is generally determined by surveying the price of competitors’ comparable monitoring services, and the customer does not have a general right of return. Based on these criteria, the Company recognizes revenue from the sale of devices separately from the monitoring services provided to the customer as the products or monitoring services are delivered. Other Matters The Company considers an arrangement with payment terms longer than the Company’s normal terms not to be fixed or determinable, and revenue is recognized when the fee becomes due. Normal payment terms for the sale of monitoring services and products are due upon receipt to 30 days. The Company sells devices and services directly to end users and to distributors. Distributors do not have general rights of return. Also, distributors have no price protection or stock protection rights with respect to devices sold to them by us. Generally, title and risk of loss pass to the buyer upon delivery of the devices. The Company estimates product returns based on historical experience and maintains an allowance for estimated returns, which is recorded as a reduction to accounts receivable and revenue. Shipping and handling fees charged to customers are included as part of net revenue. The related freight costs and supplies directly associated with shipping products to customers are included as a component of cost of revenue. Research and Development Costs During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Company incurred research and development expense of $862,142 and $1,784,867, respectively. Advertising Costs The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expense for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $8,264 and $14,984, respectively. Stock-Based Compensation The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock-based awards expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award based on their grant date fair value. The fair value of stock options is estimated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires management to make estimates for certain assumptions regarding risk-free interest rate, expected life of options, expected volatility of stock and expected dividend yield of stock. Income Taxes The Company recognizes deferred income tax assets or liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or income tax returns. Deferred income tax assets or liabilities are determined based upon the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply when the differences are expected to be settled or realized. Deferred income tax assets are reviewed periodically for recoverability and valuation allowances are provided as necessary. The tax effects from uncertain tax positions can be recognized in the financial statements, provided the position is more likely than not to be sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. We recognize the financial statement benefits of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized, upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. The Company applied the foregoing accounting standard to all of our tax positions for which the statute of limitations remained open as of the date of the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The Company's policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax issues as components of other noninterest expense. As of September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, we did not record a liability for uncertain tax positions. Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share Basic net income (loss) per common share (“ Basic EPS Diluted net income (loss) per common share (“ Diluted EPS Common share equivalents consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of options and warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“ Common Stock 2018 2017 Exercise of outstanding Common Stock options and warrants (excludes 56,667 unvested options and warrants) 628,592 490,842 Total Common Stock equivalents 628,592 490,842 At September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, all stock option and warrant exercise prices were above the market price of $0.90 and $1.43, respectively, and thus have not been included in the basic earnings per share calculation. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, “ Inventory (Topic 330) - Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory ASU 2015-11 Recently Issued Accounting Standards In May 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ ASU In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “ Intangibles – Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “ Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) In February 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “ Leases (Topic 841) In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “ Revenue from Contracts with Customers Revenue Recognition (Topic 605) ASU 2014-09 |