Financial Instruments | 34. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS a. Categories of financial instruments December 31, 2018 December 31, 2019 NT$ NT$ (In Millions) (In Millions) Financial assets FVTPL (Note 1) $ 3,504.6 $ 326.8 FVTOCI (Note 2) 107,067.5 134,776.8 Hedging financial assets 23.5 25.9 Amortized cost (Note 3) 745,585.8 612,740.6 $ 856,181.4 $ 747,870.1 Financial liabilities FVTPL (Note 4) $ 40.8 $ 982.3 Hedging financial liabilities 155.8 1.8 Amortized cost (Note 5) 318,475.8 533,581.7 $ 318,672.4 $ 534,565.8 Note 1: Financial assets mandatorily measured at FVTPL. Note 2: Including notes and accounts receivable (net), equity and debt investments. Note 3: Including cash and cash equivalents, financial assets at amortized cost, notes and accounts receivable (including related parties), other receivables and refundable deposits. Note 4: Held for trading. Note 5: Including short-term loans, accounts payable (including related parties), payables to contractors and equipment suppliers, cash dividends payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, bonds payable and guarantee deposits. b. Financial risk management objectives The Company seeks to ensure that sufficient cost-efficient funding is readily available when needed. The Company manages its exposure to foreign currency risk, interest rate risk, equity price risk, credit risk and liquidity risk with the objective to reduce the potentially adverse effects the market uncertainties may have on its financial performance. The plans for material treasury activities are reviewed by Audit Committees and/or Board of Directors in accordance with procedures required by relevant regulations or internal controls. During the implementation of such plans, the corporate treasury function must comply with certain treasury procedures that provide guiding principles for overall financial risk management and segregation of duties. c. Market risk The Company is exposed to the financial market risks, primarily changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and equity investment prices. A portion of these risks is hedged. Foreign currency risk The majority of the Company’s revenue is denominated in U.S. dollar and over one-half non-NT Based on a sensitivity analysis performed on the Company’s total monetary assets and liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, a hypothetical adverse foreign currency exchange rate change of 10% would have decreased its net income by NT$867.9 million, NT$506.4 million and NT$2,137.3 million, respectively, and decreased its other comprehensive income by NT$265.9 million, NT$315.6 million and NT$107.7 million, respectively, after taking into account hedges and offsetting positions. Interest rate risk The Company is exposed to interest rate risks primarily related to its investment portfolio and bank loans. Changes in interest rates affect the interest earned on the Company’s cash and cash equivalents as well as fixed income securities and the fair value of those securities, as well as the interest paid on its bank loans. Because all of the Company’s bonds issued are fixed-rate and measured at amortized cost, changes in interest rates would not affect the cash flows and the fair value. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents as well as fixed income investments in both fixed- and floating-rate securities carry a degree of interest rate risk. The majority of the Company’s fixed income investments are fixed-rate securities and classified as FVTOCI, and may have their fair value adversely affected due to a rise in interest rates, while cash and cash equivalents as well as floating-rate securities may generate less interest income than predicted if interest rates fall. The Company has entered, and may enter in the future, into interest rate futures to partially hedge the fair value change in its fixed income investments. However, these hedges can offset only a small portion of the financial impact from movements in interest rates. The Company classified its investments in fixed income securities as available-for-sale held-to-maturity held-to-maturity available-for-sale available-for-sale Based on a sensitivity analysis performed on fixed income investments at the end of the reporting period, an interest rate increase of 100 basis points (1.00%) across all maturities would have decreased the fair value by NT$2,119.7 million, NT$2,697.8 million and NT$3,517.4 million for the years ended, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. The decreases were composed of NT$2,119.7 million decrease, NT$2,450.0 million decrease and NT$3,516.6 million decrease in other comprehensive income for the years ended, 2017, 2018 and 2019, and NT$247.8 million decrease and NT$0.8 million decrease in net income for the years ended, 2018 and 2019, respectively. As for the Company’s bank loans, all of them are floating-rate loans. A rise in interest rates may incur higher interest expense than predicted. Other price risk The Company is exposed to equity price risk arising from available-for-sale Assuming a hypothetical decrease of 10% in prices of the equity investments at the end of the reporting period for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, the other comprehensive income would have decreased by NT$703.0 million, NT$427.1 million and NT$401.9 million, respectively. d. Credit risk management Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial losses to the Company. The Company is exposed to credit risks from operating activities, primarily trade receivables, and from investing activities, primarily deposits, fixed-income investments and other financial instruments with banks. Credit risk is managed separately for business related and financial related exposures. As of the end of the reporting period, the Company’s maximum credit risk exposure is equal to the carrying amount of financial assets. Business related credit risk The Company’s trade receivables are from its customers worldwide. The majority of the Company’s outstanding trade receivables are not covered by collaterals or guarantees. While the Company has procedures to monitor and manage credit risk exposure on trade receivables, there is no assurance such procedures will effectively eliminate losses resulting from its credit risk. This risk is heightened during periods when economic conditions worsen. As of December 31, 2018 and 2019, the Company’s ten largest customers accounted for 79% of accounts receivable in both years. The Company considers the concentration of credit risk for the remaining accounts receivable not material. Financial credit risk The Company mitigates its financial credit risk by selecting counterparties with investment-grade credit ratings and by limiting the exposure to any individual counterparty. The Company regularly monitors and reviews the limit applied to counterparties and adjusts the limit according to market conditions and the credit standing of the counterparties. The risk management of expected credit loss for financial assets at amortized cost and investments in debt instruments at FVTOCI is as follows: The Company only invests in debt instruments that are rated as investment grade or higher. The credit rating information is supplied by external rating agencies. The Company assesses whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition by reviewing changes in external credit ratings, financial market conditions and material information of the bond issuers. The Company assesses the 12-month Category Description Basis for Recognizing Expected Performing Credit rating on trade date and valuation date: (1) Within investment grade (2) Between BB+ and BB- 12 months expected credit loss 0—0.1% Doubtful Credit rating on trade date and valuation date: (1) From investment grade to non-investment (2) From BB+~BB— to B+~CCC- Lifetime expected credit loss-not — In default Credit rating CC or below Lifetime expected credit loss-credit impaired — Write-off There is evidence indicating that the debtor is in severe financial difficulty and the Company has no realistic prospect of recovery Amount is written off — For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, the expected credit loss decreases NT$1.1 million and increases NT$0.6 million, respectively. The changes are mainly due to investment portfolio adjustment. e. Liquidity risk management The objective of liquidity risk management is to ensure the Company has sufficient liquidity to fund its business operations over the next 12 months. The Company manages its liquidity risk by maintaining adequate cash and cash equivalent, debt investment at FVTPL, financial assets at FVTOCI-current, and financial assets amortized at cost-current. The table below summarizes the maturity profile of the Company’s financial liabilities based on contractual undiscounted payments, including principal and interest. Less Than 1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More Than 5 Years Total NT$ NT$ NT$ NT$ NT$ (In Millions) (In Millions) (In Millions) (In Millions) (In Millions) December 31, 2018 Non-derivative Short-term loans $ 88,810.7 $ — $ — $ — $ 88,810.7 Accounts payable (including related parties) 34,357.4 — — — 34,357.4 Payables to contractors and equipment suppliers 43,133.7 — — — 43,133.7 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 50,241.0 — — — 50,241.0 Bonds payable 36,039.9 35,340.8 22,979.4 — 94,360.1 Guarantee deposits (including those classified under accrued expenses and other current liabilities) 6,835.7 2,891.6 461.7 — 10,189.0 259,418.4 38,232.4 23,441.1 — 321,091.9 Derivative financial instruments Forward exchange contracts Outflows 49,302.3 — — — 49,302.3 Inflows (49,393.7 ) — — — (49,393.7 ) (91.4 ) — — — (91.4 ) $ 259,327.0 $ 38,232.4 $ 23,441.1 $ — $ 321,000.5 December 31, 2019 Non-derivative Short-term loans $ 118,562.6 $ — $ — $ — $ 118,562.6 Accounts payable (including related parties) 40,206.0 — — — 40,206.0 Payables to contractors and equipment suppliers 140,810.7 — — — 140,810.7 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 45,760.9 — — — 45,760.9 Bonds payable 32,338.9 7,777.7 18,203.6 — 58,320.2 Lease liabilities (including those classified under accrued expenses and other current liabilities) 2,475.1 2,782.9 2,484.5 10,947.7 18,690.2 Guarantee deposits (including those classified under accrued expenses and other current liabilities) 1,553.0 121.0 55.5 0.4 1,729.9 381,707.2 10,681.6 20,743.6 10,948.1 424,080.5 Derivative financial instruments Forward exchange contracts Outflows 141,450.8 — — — 141,450.8 Inflows (141,128.9 ) — — — (141,128.9 ) 321.9 — — — 321.9 $ 382,029.1 $ 10,681.6 $ 20,743.6 $ 10,948.1 $ 424,402.4 Additional information about the maturity analysis for lease liabilities: Less than 5 Years 5-10 Years 10-15 Years 15-20 Years More Than 20 Years NT$ NT$ NT$ NT$ NT$ (In Millions) (In Millions) (In Millions) (In Millions) (In Millions) Lease liabilities $ 7,742.5 $ 5,581.1 $ 3,691.3 $ 1,600.9 $ 74.4 f. Fair value of financial instruments 1) Fair value measurements recognized in the consolidated statements of financial position Fair value measurements are grouped into Levels 1 to 3 based on the degree to which the fair value is observable: • Level 1 fair value measurements are those derived from quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; • Level 2 fair value measurements are those derived from inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and • Level 3 fair value measurements are those derived from valuation techniques that include inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs). The timing of transfers between levels within the fair value hierarchy is at the end of reporting period. 2) Fair value of financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis Fair value hierarchy The following table presents the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis: December 31, 2018 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total NT$ NT$ NT$ NT$ (In Millions) (In Millions) (In Millions) (In Millions) Financial assets at FVTPL Mandatorily measured at FVTPL Agency mortgage-backed securities $ — $ 3,419.3 $ — $ 3,419.3 Forward exchange contracts — 85.3 — 85.3 $ — $ 3,504.6 $ — $ 3,504.6 Financial assets at FVTOCI Investments in debt instruments Corporate bonds $ — $ 40,753.6 $ — $ 40,753.6 Agency bonds/Agency mortgage-backed securities — 31,288.8 — 31,288.8 Asset-backed securities — 15,670.3 — 15,670.3 Government bonds 11,006.2 145.1 — 11,151.3 Commercial paper — 107.6 — 107.6 Investments in equity instruments Non-publicly — — 3,910.7 3,910.7 Publicly traded stocks 590.1 — — 590.1 Notes and accounts receivable, net — 3,595.1 — 3,595.1 $ 11,596.3 $ 91,560.5 $ 3,910.7 $ 107,067.5 Hedging financial assets Cash flow hedges Forward exchange contracts $ — $ 23.5 $ — $ 23.5 Financial liabilities at FVTPL Held for trading Forward exchange contracts $ — $ 40.8 $ — $ 40.8 Hedging financial liabilities Fair value hedges Interest rate futures contracts $ 153.9 $ — $ — $ 153.9 Cash flow hedges Forward exchange contracts — 1.9 — 1.9 $ 153.9 $ 1.9 $ — $ 155.8 December 31, 2019 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total NT$ NT$ NT$ NT$ (In Millions) (In Millions) (In Millions) (In Millions) Financial assets at FVTPL Mandatorily measured at FVTPL Forward exchange contracts $ — $ 162.1 $ — $ 162.1 Convertible bonds — — 123.8 123.8 Agency mortgage-backed securities — 40.9 — 40.9 $ — $ 203.0 $ 123.8 $ 326.8 Financial assets at FVTOCI Investments in debt instruments Agency bonds/Agency mortgage-backed securities $ — $ 51,966.5 $ — $ 51,966.5 Corporate bonds — 51,790.0 — 51,790.0 Government bonds 12,678.1 146.1 — 12,824.2 Asset-backed securities — 10,815.9 — 10,815.9 Investments in equity instruments Non-publicly — 39.2 4,085.1 4,124.3 Notes and accounts receivable, net — 3,255.9 — 3,255.9 $ 12,678.1 $ 118,013.6 $ 4,085.1 $ 134,776.8 Hedging financial assets Fair value hedges Interest rate futures contracts $ 22.4 $ — $ — $ 22.4 Cash flow hedges Forward exchange contracts — 3.5 — 3.5 $ 22.4 $ 3.5 $ — $ 25.9 Financial liabilities at FVTPL Held for trading Forward exchange contracts $ — $ 982.3 $ — $ 982.3 Hedging financial liabilities Cash flow hedges Forward exchange contracts $ — $ 1.8 $ — $ 1.8 Reconciliation of Level 3 fair value measurements of financial assets The financial assets measured at Level 3 fair value were financial assets at FVTPL and equity investments classified as financial assets at FVTOCI. Reconciliations for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 were as follows: Years Ended December 31 2018 2019 NT$ NT$ (In Millions) (In Millions) Balance, beginning of year $ 5,841.4 $ 3,910.7 Additions 212.5 372.3 Recognized in other comprehensive income (2,141.4 ) 129.5 Disposals and proceeds from return of capital of investments (175.8 ) (76.5 ) Transfers out of level 3 (Note) — (43.6 ) Effect of exchange rate changes 174.0 (83.5 ) Balance, end of year $ 3,910.7 $ 4,208.9 Note: The transfer from level 3 to level 2 is because observable market data became available for the equity investments. Valuation techniques and assumptions used in Level 2 fair value measurement The fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities are determined as follows: • The fair values of corporate bonds, agency bonds, agency mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, government bonds, commercial papers and non-publicly • Forward exchange contracts are measured using forward exchange rates and the discounted curves that are derived from quoted market prices. • The fair value of accounts receivables classified as at FVTOCI are determined by the present value of future cash flows based on the discount rate that reflects the credit risk of counterparties. Valuation techniques and assumptions used in Level 3 fair value measurement The fair values of non-publicly The asset approach takes into account the net asset value measured at the fair value by independent parties. On December 31, 2018 and 2019, the Company uses unobservable inputs derived from discount for lack of marketability by 10%. When other inputs remain equal, the fair value will decrease by NT$31.4 million and NT$34.8 million if discounts for lack of marketability increase by 1%. The income approach utilizes discounted cash flows to determine the present value of the expected future economic benefits that will be derived from the investment. On December 31, 2018 and 2019, the Company uses unobservable inputs, which include expected returns, discount rate of 10%, discount for lack of marketability of 10%, and discounts for lack of control of 10%. For the remaining few investments, the market approach is used to arrive at their fair values, for which the recent financing activities of investees, the market transaction prices of the similar companies and market conditions are considered. In addition, the fair values of convertible bonds are determined by the present value of future cash flow based on a discount rate reflecting issuer’s credit spread and market conditions, combined with the fair value of conversion option estimated by the option pricing model considering recent financing activities of the investee and market transaction prices of the similar companies. 3) Fair value of financial instruments that are not measured at fair value Except as detailed in the following table, the Company considers that the carrying amounts of financial instruments in the consolidated financial statements that are not measured at fair value approximate their fair values. Fair value hierarchy The table below sets out the fair value hierarchy for the Company’s assets and liabilities which are not required to measure at fair value: December 31, 2018 Carrying Level 2 Amount Fair Value NT$ NT$ (In Millions) (In Millions) Financial assets Financial assets at amortized costs Corporate bonds $ 19,511.8 $ 19,554.5 Commercial paper 2,294.1 2,296.2 $ 21,805.9 $ 21,850.7 Financial liabilities Financial liabilities at amortized costs Bonds payable $ 91,800.0 $ 93,171.3 December 31, 2019 Carrying Level 2 Amount Fair Value NT$ NT$ (In Millions) (In Millions) Financial assets Financial assets at amortized costs Corporate bonds $ 7,648.8 $ 7,718.7 Financial liabilities Financial liabilities at amortized costs Bonds payable $ 56,900.0 $ 57,739.1 Valuation techniques and assumptions used in Level 2 fair value measurement The fair value of corporate bonds is determined by quoted market prices provided by third party pricing services. The fair value of commercial paper is determined by the present value of future cash flows based on the discounted curves that are derived from the quoted market prices. The fair value of the Company’s bonds payable is determined by quoted market prices provided by third party pricing services. |