Cover
Cover - USD ($) | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Feb. 15, 2023 | Jun. 30, 2022 | |
Cover [Abstract] | |||
Document Type | 10-K | ||
Document Annual Report | true | ||
Document Period End Date | Dec. 31, 2022 | ||
Current Fiscal Year End Date | --12-31 | ||
Document Transition Report | false | ||
Entity File Number | 1-13397 | ||
Entity Registrant Name | INGREDION INCORPORATED | ||
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code | DE | ||
Entity Tax Identification Number | 22-3514823 | ||
Entity Address, Address Line One | 5 Westbrook Corporate Center | ||
Entity Address, City or Town | Westchester | ||
Entity Address, State or Province | IL | ||
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code | 60154 | ||
City Area Code | 708 | ||
Local Phone Number | 551-2600 | ||
Title of 12(b) Security | Common Stock | ||
Trading Symbol | INGR | ||
Security Exchange Name | NYSE | ||
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer | Yes | ||
Entity Voluntary Filers | No | ||
Entity Current Reporting Status | Yes | ||
Entity Interactive Data Current | Yes | ||
Entity Filer Category | Large Accelerated Filer | ||
Entity Small Business | false | ||
Entity Emerging Growth Company | false | ||
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag | true | ||
Entity Shell Company | false | ||
Entity Public Float | $ 5,794,000,000 | ||
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding | 65,954,699 | ||
Documents Incorporated by Reference | Information required by Part III (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) of this document is incorporated by reference to certain portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement to be distributed in connection with its 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2022. | ||
Entity Central Index Key | 0001046257 | ||
Document Fiscal Year Focus | 2022 | ||
Document Fiscal Period Focus | FY | ||
Amendment Flag | false |
Audit Information
Audit Information | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Audit Information [Abstract] | |
Auditor Name | KPMG LLP |
Auditor Location | Chicago, IL |
Auditor Firm ID | 185 |
Consolidated Statements of Inco
Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Income Statement [Abstract] | |||
Net sales | $ 7,946 | $ 6,894 | $ 5,987 |
Cost of sales | 6,452 | 5,563 | 4,715 |
Gross profit | 1,494 | 1,331 | 1,272 |
Operating expenses | 715 | 668 | 628 |
Other operating expense (income) | 13 | (34) | (31) |
Restructuring/impairment charges and related adjustments | 4 | 387 | 93 |
Operating income | 762 | 310 | 582 |
Financing costs | 99 | 74 | 81 |
Other non-operating (income) | (5) | (12) | (5) |
Income before income taxes | 668 | 248 | 506 |
Provision for income taxes | 166 | 123 | 152 |
Net income | 502 | 125 | 354 |
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests | 10 | 8 | 6 |
Net income attributable to Ingredion | $ 492 | $ 117 | $ 348 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: | |||
Basic (in shares) | 66.2 | 67.1 | 67.2 |
Diluted (in shares) | 67 | 67.8 | 67.6 |
Earnings per common share of Ingredion: | |||
Basic (in dollars per share) | $ 7.43 | $ 1.74 | $ 5.18 |
Diluted (in dollars per share) | $ 7.34 | $ 1.73 | $ 5.15 |
Consolidated Statements of Comp
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract] | |||
Net income | $ 502 | $ 125 | $ 354 |
Other comprehensive income: | |||
Gains on cash flow hedges, net of income tax effect of $53, $58 and $2, respectively | 157 | 160 | 3 |
(Gains) losses on cash flow hedges reclassified to earnings, net of income tax effect of $69, $55 and $17, respectively | (199) | (154) | 48 |
Actuarial (losses) gains on pension and other postretirement obligations, settlements and plan amendments, net of income tax effect of $1, $9 and $1, respectively | (4) | 19 | (1) |
Currency translation adjustment | (105) | 211 | (25) |
Comprehensive income | 351 | 361 | 379 |
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests | 0 | 9 | 5 |
Comprehensive income attributable to Ingredion | $ 351 | $ 352 | $ 374 |
Consolidated Statements of Co_2
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract] | |||
Gains on cash flow hedges, income tax effect | $ 53 | $ 58 | $ 2 |
(Gains) losses on cash flow hedges reclassified to earnings, income tax effect | 69 | 55 | (17) |
Actuarial (losses) gains on pension and other postretirement obligations, settlements and plan amendments, income tax effect | $ (1) | $ 9 | $ (1) |
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Current assets: | ||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ 236 | $ 328 |
Short-term investments | 3 | 4 |
Accounts receivable, net | 1,411 | 1,130 |
Inventories | 1,597 | 1,172 |
Prepaid expenses | 62 | 63 |
Total current assets | 3,309 | 2,697 |
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $3,326 and $3,232, respectively | 2,407 | 2,423 |
Intangible assets | 1,301 | 1,348 |
Other assets | 544 | 531 |
Total assets | 7,561 | 6,999 |
Current liabilities: | ||
Short-term borrowings | 543 | 308 |
Accounts payable | 873 | 774 |
Accrued liabilities | 466 | 430 |
Total current liabilities | 1,882 | 1,512 |
Long-term debt | 1,940 | 1,738 |
Other non-current liabilities | 477 | 524 |
Total liabilities | 4,299 | 3,774 |
Share-based payments subject to redemption | 48 | 36 |
Redeemable non-controlling interests | 51 | 71 |
Ingredion stockholders’ equity: | ||
Preferred stock — authorized 25,000,000 shares — $0.01 par value, none issued | 0 | 0 |
Common stock — authorized 200,000,000 shares — $0.01 par value, 77,810,875 issued at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 | 1 | 1 |
Additional paid-in capital | 1,132 | 1,158 |
Less: Treasury stock (common stock: 12,116,920 and 11,154,203 shares at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively) at cost | (1,148) | (1,061) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1,048) | (897) |
Retained earnings | 4,210 | 3,899 |
Total Ingredion stockholders’ equity | 3,147 | 3,100 |
Non-redeemable non-controlling interests | 16 | 18 |
Total equity | 3,163 | 3,118 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ 7,561 | $ 6,999 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract] | ||
Property, plant and equipment, accumulated depreciation | $ 3,326 | $ 3,232 |
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares) | 25,000,000 | 25,000,000 |
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ 0.01 | $ 0.01 |
Preferred stock, issued (in shares) | 0 | 0 |
Common stock, authorized (in shares) | 200,000,000 | 200,000,000 |
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ 0.01 | $ 0.01 |
Common stock, issued (in shares) | 77,810,875 | 77,810,875 |
Treasury stock (in shares) | 12,116,920 | 11,154,203 |
Consolidated Statements of Equi
Consolidated Statements of Equity and Redeemable Equity - USD ($) $ in Millions | Total | Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Treasury Stock | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Retained Earnings | Non- Redeemable Non- Controlling Interests |
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2019 | $ 1 | $ 1,137 | $ (1,040) | $ (1,158) | $ 3,780 | $ 21 | |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity | |||||||
Net income (loss) | 348 | 10 | |||||
Dividends declared | (171) | (8) | |||||
Share-based compensation, net of issuance | 13 | 16 | |||||
Other comprehensive (loss) | 25 | (1) | |||||
Other | (1) | ||||||
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2020 | 1 | 1,150 | (1,024) | (1,133) | 3,957 | 21 | |
Share-based payments subject to redemption, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2019 | $ 31 | ||||||
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity | |||||||
Share-based compensation, net of issuance | (1) | ||||||
Share-based payments subject to redemption, ending balance at Dec. 31, 2020 | 30 | ||||||
Redeemable non-controlling interests, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2019 | 0 | ||||||
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity | |||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | (4) | ||||||
Acquisition of redeemable non-controlling interests | 74 | ||||||
Redeemable non-controlling interests, ending balance at Dec. 31, 2020 | 70 | ||||||
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity | |||||||
Net income (loss) | 117 | 11 | |||||
Dividends declared | (175) | (11) | |||||
Repurchases of common stock, net | (68) | ||||||
Share-based compensation, net of issuance | 8 | 31 | |||||
Other comprehensive (loss) | 236 | (3) | |||||
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2021 | 3,118 | 1 | 1,158 | (1,061) | (897) | 3,899 | 18 |
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity | |||||||
Share-based compensation, net of issuance | 6 | ||||||
Share-based payments subject to redemption, ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021 | 36 | ||||||
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity | |||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | (3) | ||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 4 | ||||||
Redeemable non-controlling interests, ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021 | 71 | ||||||
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity | |||||||
Net income (loss) | 492 | 9 | |||||
Dividends declared | (181) | (5) | |||||
Repurchases of common stock, net | (112) | ||||||
Share-based compensation, net of issuance | 3 | 25 | |||||
Fair market value adjustment to non-controlling interests | (29) | ||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) | (151) | (6) | |||||
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2022 | 3,163 | $ 1 | $ 1,132 | $ (1,148) | $ (1,048) | $ 4,210 | $ 16 |
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity | |||||||
Share-based compensation, net of issuance | 12 | ||||||
Share-based payments subject to redemption, ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022 | 48 | ||||||
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity | |||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | 1 | ||||||
Fair market value adjustment to non-controlling interests | 29 | ||||||
Non-controlling interest purchases | (46) | ||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (4) | ||||||
Redeemable non-controlling interests, ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022 | $ 51 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Cash provided by operating activities | |||
Net income | $ 502 | $ 125 | $ 354 |
Non-cash charges to net income: | |||
Depreciation and amortization | 215 | 220 | 213 |
Mechanical stores expense | 55 | 55 | 54 |
Impairment on disposition of assets | 0 | 340 | 0 |
Deferred income taxes | (3) | (61) | (7) |
Other non-cash charges | 57 | 8 | 105 |
Changes in working capital: | |||
Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses | (310) | (162) | (3) |
Inventories | (468) | (312) | (14) |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 158 | 226 | 124 |
Margin accounts | (44) | (32) | 43 |
Other | (10) | (15) | (40) |
Cash provided by operating activities | 152 | 392 | 829 |
Cash used for investing activities | |||
Capital expenditures and mechanical stores purchases | (300) | (300) | (340) |
Proceeds from disposal of manufacturing facilities and properties | 7 | 18 | 7 |
Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (29) | (40) | (236) |
Other | 2 | (13) | (2) |
Cash used for investing activities | (320) | (335) | (571) |
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities | |||
Proceeds from borrowings | 825 | 1,300 | 1,550 |
Payments on debt | (532) | (1,690) | (1,224) |
Debt issuance cost | 0 | 0 | (9) |
Commercial paper borrowings, net | 140 | 250 | 0 |
(Repurchases) issuances of common stock, net | (103) | (49) | 4 |
Purchases of non-controlling interests | (46) | 0 | 0 |
Dividends paid, including to non-controlling interests | (181) | (184) | (178) |
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities | 103 | (373) | 143 |
Effects of foreign exchange rate changes on cash | (27) | (21) | 0 |
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (92) | (337) | 401 |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 328 | 665 | 264 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ 236 | $ 328 | $ 665 |
Description of the Business and
Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of the Business : Ingredion Incorporated was founded in 1906 and became an independent and public company as of December 31, 1997. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references herein to the “Company,” “Ingredion,” “we,” “us,” and “our” shall mean Ingredion Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries. We primarily manufacture and sell sweeteners, starches, nutrition ingredients and biomaterial solutions derived from wet milling and processing corn and other starch-based materials to a wide range of industries, both domestically and internationally. Basis of presentation : The Consolidated Financial Statements consist of the accounts of Ingredion, including all subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. The preparation of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates and assumptions impact the value of purchase consideration, accounts receivable, inventories, certain investments, goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, legal contingencies, income taxes, and pension and other postretirement benefits, among others. These estimates and assumptions are based on our best estimates and judgment. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We will adjust such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Corn price volatility, adverse changes in the global economic environment, foreign currency devaluations versus the U.S. dollar, and access to credit markets increase the uncertainty inherent in such estimates and assumptions. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in these estimates will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries, other than those whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar, are translated at current exchange rates with the related translation adjustments reported in equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”), and income statement accounts are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. The U.S. dollar is the functional currency for our subsidiaries in Mexico and Argentina, and we translate their monetary assets and liabilities at current exchange rates with the related adjustment included in net income and non-monetary assets and liabilities at historical exchange rates with the related translation adjustments included in AOCL. Net sales: Ingredion recognizes revenue under the core principle to depict our transfer of products to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration we expect to receive. To achieve that core principle, we apply the following five-step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied. We identify customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by a master sales agreement, as the contracts with our customers. For each contract, we consider the transfer of products, each of which is distinct, to be the identified performance obligation. In determining the transaction price for the performance obligation, we evaluate whether the price is subject to adjustment to determine the consideration to which we expect to be entitled. The pricing model can be fixed or variable within the contract. The variable pricing model is based on historical commodity pricing and is determinable prior to completing the performance obligation. Additionally, we have certain sales adjustments for volume incentive discounts and other discount arrangements that reduce the transaction price. We estimate the reduction of transaction price using the expected value method based on our analysis of historical volume incentives or discounts over a period considered adequate to account for current pricing and business trends. Historically, actual volume incentives and discounts relative to those estimated and included when determining the transaction price have not materially differed. We accrue volume incentives and discounts in Accrued liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets when we satisfy the performance obligation. We consider the product price as specified in the contract, net of any discounts, as the standalone selling price as it is an observable input that represents the price if we sold the product to a similar customer in similar circumstances. We do not recognize any significant financing components since payment is due shortly after we satisfy our performance obligation. We recognize revenue when we satisfy our performance obligation and control is transferred to the customer, which occurs at a point in time, either upon delivery to an agreed upon location or to the customer. Further, in determining whether control has transferred, we consider if there is a present right to payment and legal title, along with risks and rewards of ownership having transferred to the customer. Shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers represent fulfillment costs and are recorded in Cost of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Taxes assessed by governmental authorities and collected from customers are accounted for on a net basis and excluded from net sales. We expense costs to obtain a contract when we incur the costs since most contracts are one year or less. These costs primarily include our internal sales force compensation. Under the terms of these programs, the compensation is generally earned, and the costs are recognized when we recognize the revenue. From time to time, we may enter into long-term contracts with our customers. Historically, such contracts do not result in significant contract assets or liabilities. Any such arrangements are accounted for in Other assets or Accrued liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cash and cash equivalents: Cash equivalents consist of all instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less and that have virtually no risk of loss in value. Accounts receivable : Accounts receivable consists of trade and other receivables carried at approximate fair value, net of an allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is determined using our best estimate of expected credit losses based on historical experience and current forecasts of future economic conditions, and we adjust this estimate over the life of the receivable as needed. Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Costs are predominantly determined using the weighted average method. Long-term investments: We may hold marketable securities and equity investments, which we include in Other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Marketable securities are carried at fair value and we record changes in fair value to Other operating expense (income) in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Equity investments in companies for which we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in Other non-operating (income) in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost, less impairments, if any, and adjusted for observable price changes for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. We perform a qualitative impairment assessment to determine if such investments are impaired, which considers all available information, including declines in the financial performance of the issuing entity, the issuing entity’s operating environment and general market conditions. Impairments of equity securities without readily determinable fair value are recorded in Other non-operating (income) in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Equity investments in companies for which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Our share of the earnings or losses reported by equity method investees is recognized in Other operating expense (income) in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Each reporting period, we evaluate declines in the fair value of equity method investments below carrying value to determine if any are other-than-temporary and if so, we write down the investment to its estimated fair value. Impairments are recognized in Restructuring/impairment charges and related adjustments in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Leases: We determine if an arrangement contains a lease, as well as its classification as an operating lease or finance lease, at the inception of the agreement. Lease assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent Ingredion's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of future lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments. The lease asset value includes in our calculation any prepaid lease payments made and any lease incentives received from the arrangement as a reduction of the asset. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease, and the impact of these options are included in the lease liability and lease asset calculations when the exercise of the option is at our sole discretion and it is reasonably certain that we will exercise the option. We do not separate lease and non-lease components for its leases when it is impracticable to separate them, such as leases with variable payment arrangements. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We have operating leases for certain rail cars, office space, warehouses and machinery and equipment. The commencement date used for the calculation of the lease obligations recorded is the latter of January 1, 2019 or the lease start date. Certain leases have options to extend the life of the lease, which are included in the liability calculation when the option is at our sole discretion and it is reasonably certain that we will exercise the option. We have certain leases that have variable payments based solely on output or usage of the leased asset, which we do not record in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, but expense as incurred. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Property, plant and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets: Property, plant and equipment (“PP&E”) is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and definite-lived intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. For PP&E, depreciation is generally computed on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of depreciable assets, which range from 25 to 50 years for buildings and from two two Indefinite-lived intangible assets and Goodwill : We have certain indefinite-lived intangible assets in the form of tradenames and trademarks. Our methodology for allocating the purchase price of acquisitions is based on established valuation techniques that reflect the consideration of a number of factors, including valuations performed by third-party appraisers when appropriate. Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the fair value assigned to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. We assess indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill for impairment annually (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise), which we perform as of July 1 of each year. In testing indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment, we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. After assessing the qualitative factors, if we determine that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is greater than its carrying amount, then we are not required to compute the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset. If the qualitative assessment leads us to conclude otherwise, then we are required to determine the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets and perform a quantitative impairment test. In performing the quantitative analysis, we consider various factors, including net sales derived from these intangibles and certain market and industry conditions. In testing goodwill for impairment, we first assess qualitative factors in determining whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. After assessing the qualitative factors, if we determine that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, then we do not perform an impairment test. If we conclude otherwise, then we perform an impairment test that compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of its net assets, goodwill is not considered impaired, and no further testing is required. If the carrying value of the net assets exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then an impairment exists for the difference between the fair value and carrying value of the reporting unit. This difference is not to exceed the goodwill recorded at the reporting unit. Hedging instruments: We use derivative financial instruments consisting primarily of commodity futures, swaps and option contracts, forward currency contracts and options, interest rate swap agreements and Treasury lock agreements (“T-Locks”). When we enter a derivative contract, we designate the derivative as a hedge of variable cash flows to be paid related to certain forecasted transactions (“a cash flow hedge”), as a hedge of the fair value of certain firm commitments (“a fair value hedge”), or as a non-designated hedging instrument. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as cash flow or fair value hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. For all hedging relationships, we document the hedging relationships and our risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge transactions, the hedging instrument, the hedged item, the nature of the risk being hedged, how we will assess the hedging instrument’s effectiveness in offsetting the hedged risk, and a description of the method to measure ineffectiveness. We also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative that is used in a hedging transactions is highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows or fair values of hedged items. Unrealized gains and losses associated with marking cash flow hedging contracts to market (fair value) are recorded as a component of other comprehensive loss (“OCL”). We discontinue hedge accounting prospectively when it is unlikely that a forecasted transaction will occur or when we determine that the designation of the derivative as a hedging instrument is no longer appropriate, since the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows or fair value of the originally intended hedged transaction. When we discontinue hedge accounting, we continue to carry the derivative on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at its fair value, but we recognize in earnings in the same line item affected by the originally intended hedged transaction any accumulated gains and losses that were included in AOCL in the period we determined the hedge to be ineffective, as well as future gains and losses of the derivative. Pension and other postretirement benefits : All U.S. pension and postretirement benefit plans and most non-U.S. pension and postretirement benefit plans value the vested benefit obligation based on the actuarial present value of the vested benefits to which employees are currently entitled based on their expected date of separation or retirement. For defined benefit plans, the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost is presented within either Cost of sales or Operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of actuarial loss, amortization of prior service credit and settlement loss components of net periodic benefit cost are presented as Other non-operating (income) on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Actuarial gains and losses in excess of 10 percent of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the market-related value of plan assets are classified in AOCL, along with the related tax impact, and recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost over the average remaining service period of a plan’s active employees for active defined benefit pension plans and over the average remaining life of a plan’s active employees for frozen defined benefit pension plans. Share-based compensation: We have a stock incentive plan that provides for share-based employee compensation, including the granting of stock options, shares of restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance shares to certain key employees. Compensation expense is generally recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income on a straight-line basis for all awards over the employee’s vesting period or over a one-year required service period for certain retirement-eligible employees. We estimate a forfeiture rate at the time of certain grants, and we update the estimate throughout the vesting of certain awards within the amount of compensation costs recognized in each period. Earnings per common share: Basic earnings per common share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income attributable to Ingredion by the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is calculated using the treasury stock method, computed by dividing net income attributable to Ingredion by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, including the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and other instruments associated with long-term incentive compensation plans. Risks and uncertainties: We operate domestically and internationally, and our business and assets in each country are subject to varying degrees of risk and uncertainty. We insure our business and assets in each country against insurable risks in a manner that we deem appropriate. Because of this geographic dispersion, we believe that a loss from a non-insured event in any one country would not have a material adverse effect on our operations as a whole. Additionally, we believe there is no significant concentration of risk with any single customer or supplier whose failure or non-performance would materially affect our results. New Accounting Standards In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting . The amendments in this update provide optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2024. We expect the impact to be insignificant to our Consolidated Financial Statements. In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-04, Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations . The amendments require buyers to disclose information about supplier finance programs that is sufficient to allow financial statement users to understand their nature, activity during the period, changes from period to period and potential magnitude. The amendments in this update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022. We expect the impact of this update will not be material to our Consolidated Financial Statements. |
Acquisitions
Acquisitions | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract] | |
Acquisitions | Acquisitions PureCircle Non-Controlling Intere sts During 2022, Ingredion purchased shares from minority shareholders in PureCircle Limited ("PureCircle") for $46 million. These purchases increased our ownership percentage in PureCircle from 75 percent as of December 31, 2021, to approximately 87 percent as of December 31, 2022. Other Acquisitions On December 1, 2022, we acquired a 65 percent controlling interest in Mannitab Pharma Specialties Private Limited ("Mannitab"), which is an Indian manufacturer of spray dried mannitol and fine grade mannitol, for $22 million. As the purchase accounting is not yet complete, we preliminarily recognized $22 million in Other assets. We will finalize the purchase accounting in 2023 and agreed to acquire the remaining outstanding shares of Mannitab over the next three years. Beginning at the acquisition date, our Consolidated Financial Statements reflect the preliminary effects of the acquisition and Mannitab's financial results, which we report on a one-month lag in our Asia-Pacific reportable business segment. On August 1, 2022, we acquired Amishi Drugs and Chemicals Private Limited ("Amishi") for $7 million, which added $3 million of goodwill and intangible assets to our Consolidated Financial Statements. Amishi is an Indian manufacturer of chemically modified starch-based pharmaceutical excipients. Beginning at the acquisition date, our Consolidated Financial Statements reflect the preliminary effects of the acquisition and Amishi's financial results, which we report in our Asia-Pacific reportable business segment. On April 1, 2021, we acquired KaTech, a privately held company headquartered in Germany. KaTech provides advanced texture and stabilization solutions to the food and beverage industry. To complete the closing, Ingredion made a total cash payment of $40 million, net of cash acquired, which we funded from cash on hand. The acquisition added $26 million of goodwill and intangible assets, as well as $14 million of tangible assets. Beginning at the acquisition date, our Consolidated Financial Statements reflect the effects of the acquisition and KaTech’s financial results, which we report in our Europe, Middle East and Africa ("EMEA") reportable business segment. On November 3, 2020, we fully acquired Verdient Foods, Inc. (“Verdient") by purchasing the remaining 80 percent of the outstanding shares. As a part of the acquisition, we also obtained land and buildings Verdient leased from a third party. Verdient is a Canada-based producer of pulse-based protein concentrates and flours from peas, lentils and fava beans for human food applications. To complete the closing, we made a total cash payment of CAD $33 million (USD $26 million), which we funded from cash on hand. Before the acquisition, Ingredion owned 20 percent of Verdient’s outstanding shares, which we had reported as an equity method investment until we acquired the remaining shares. The acquisition of Verdient added $15 million of goodwill and $14 million of tangible assets assumed on the acquisition date of November 3, 2020. Beginning on that date, the financial results of Verdient are wholly consolidated into our North America business segment in our Consolidated Financial Statements. On July 1, 2020, we acquired a 75 percent controlling interest in PureCircle, which is one of the leading producers and innovators of stevia sweeteners for global food and beverage industries. As described above, we own 87 percent of PureCircle as of December 31, 2022. To complete the closing, we made a total cash payment of $208 million, net of $14 million of cash acquired, which we funded from cash on hand. Beginning at the acquisition date, we wholly consolidate PureCircle’s financial statements into our Asia-Pacific business segment in our Consolidated Financial Statements, and net income attributable to non-controlling interests that is deducted from our net income includes the portion of net income attributable to the remaining portion of PureCircle owned by non-controlling shareholders. We incurred $1 million, $5 million and $11 million of pre-tax acquisition and integration costs in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, associated with our acquisitions. We did not present the pro-forma results of operations for any |
Intangible Assets
Intangible Assets | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Intangible Assets | Intangible Assets Goodwill The original carrying value of goodwill and accumulated impairment charges by reportable business segment at December 31, 2022, was as follows: (in millions) North South Asia- EMEA Total Goodwill before impairment charges $ 624 $ 48 $ 323 $ 74 $ 1,069 Accumulated impairment charges (1) (33) (121) — (155) Balance at January 1, 2021 623 15 202 74 914 Acquisitions — — 1 4 5 Currency translation (1) 1 (13) (6) (19) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 622 $ 16 $ 190 $ 72 $ 900 Based on the results of our impairment assessments, we concluded that as of July 1, 2022, there were no impairments to goodwill. Other Intangible Assets The following tables summarize our other intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: 2022 (in millions) Gross Accumulated Amortization Net Weighted Average Useful Life Trademarks/tradenames (indefinite-lived) $ 143 $ — $ 143 — Patents 32 (7) 25 12 Customer relationships 356 (150) 206 19 Technology 102 (101) 1 9 Other 43 (17) 26 15 Total other intangible assets $ 676 $ (275) $ 401 17 2021 (in millions) Gross Accumulated Amortization Net Weighted Average Useful Life Trademarks/tradenames (indefinite-lived) $ 143 $ — $ 143 — Patents 33 (4) 29 12 Customer relationships 365 (134) 231 19 Technology 103 (101) 2 9 Other 43 (14) 29 15 Total other intangible assets $ 687 $ (253) $ 434 17 Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $26 million, $27 million and $30 million for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Based on the results of our impairment assessments, we concluded that as of July 1, 2022, there were no impairments to our indefinite-lived other intangible assets. Based on acquisitions completed through 2022, intangible asset amortization expense for the next five years is shown below: (in millions) Amortization Expense 2023 $ 26 2024 26 2025 25 2026 25 2027 25 |
Investments
Investments | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Investments [Abstract] | |
Investments | Investments Investments consisted of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: (in millions) 2022 2021 Equity investments $ 23 $ 16 Equity method investments 113 104 Marketable securities 3 12 Total investments $ 139 $ 132 Amyris Joint Venture On June 1, 2021, we entered into an agreement with Amyris, Inc. (“Amyris”) for certain exclusive commercialization rights to Amyris’ rebaudioside M by fermentation product, the exclusive licensing of the product’s manufacturing technology, and a 31 percent ownership stake in a joint venture for the products (the “Amyris joint venture”). In exchange, we contributed $28 million of total consideration, which included $10 million of cash, as well as non-exclusive intellectual property licenses and other consideration valued at $18 million. The transaction resulted in an $8 million gain recorded in Other operating expense (income), which included $18 million related to the non-exclusive intellectual property licenses, offset by the $10 million cash payment. Beginning June 1, 2021, we began accounting for the investment under the equity method. Argentina Joint Venture On February 12, 2021, we entered into an agreement with an affiliate of Grupo Arcor, an Argentine food company, to establish Ingrear Holding S.A. (the “Argentina joint venture”), a joint venture to operate five manufacturing facilities in Argentina to sell value-added ingredients to customers in the food, beverage, pharmaceutical and other industries in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. On August 2, 2021, we completed all closing conditions to combine the manufacturing facilities, finalize the transaction and formally establish the Argentina joint venture, which is managed by a jointly appointed team of executives and is accounted for under the equity method. We exchanged certain assets and liabilities with a fair value of $71 million from our Argentina, Chile and Uruguay operations for 49 percent of the outstanding shares of the Argentina joint venture valued at $64 million, as well as $7 million of other consideration, including cash, from Grupo Arcor as of August 2, 2021. The transaction also resulted in an impairment charge for the transferred assets and liabilities more fully described in Note 5. Beginning on the dates we entered into the agreements for equity method investees, our share of income from them is included in Other operating expense (income). We incurred $4 million and $6 million of pre-tax acquisition and integration costs to acquire the Argentina and Amyris joint venture investments in 2022 and 2021, respectively. The 2022 charges were recorded within Financing costs on the Consolidated Statements of Income. |
Restructuring and Impairment Ch
Restructuring and Impairment Charges | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract] | |
Restructuring and Impairment Charges | Restructuring and Impairment ChargesWe recorded net pre-tax restructuring and impairment charges of $4 million, $387 million and $93 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Restructuring Charges During 2022, we recorded $4 million o f pre-tax restructuring related charges, which included $3 million of costs associated with our Cost Smart selling, general and administrative expense (“SG&A”) program and $1 million of costs as part of our Cost Smart Cost of sales program. During 2021, we recorded a total of $47 million of pre-tax restructuring related charges. We recorded pre-tax net restructuring charges of $27 million as part of our Cost Smart Cost of sales program, which primarily consisted of accelerated depreciation and other costs recorded in our North America segment. We also recorded $17 million of employee-related and other costs associated with our Cost Smart SG&A program, consisting of professional services and employee-related severance costs primarily in our North America and EMEA segments. During 2020, we recorded a total of $48 million of pre-tax restructuring charges. We recorded pre-tax restructuring charges of $25 million for our Cost Smart SG&A program, which were primarily for employee-related severance costs recorded in our North America and EMEA segments, professional services costs in our North America segment and other costs. We also recorded $23 million of pre-tax restructuring charges for our Cost Smart Cost of sales program, which were primarily for inventory and mechanical stores write-offs and other costs associated with the closure of our Lane Cove, Australia production facility and closures of North America facilities and product lines including our Berwick, Pennsylvania manufacturing facility and the cessation of ethanol production at our Cedar Rapids, Iowa facility. The Cost Smart Cost of sales and Cost Smart SG&A programs began in 2018. During 2018 and 2019, we recorded a total of $78 million of pre-tax restructuring charges for our Cost Smart Cost of sales program and a total of $39 million for our Cost Smart SG&A program. Impairment Charges During 2021, we recorded a $340 million impairment charge for assets and liabilities we contributed to the Argentina joint venture, which consisted of $311 million related to the write-off of the cumulative translation losses associated with the contributed net assets and $29 million related to the final write-down of the contributed net assets to fair value. During 2020, we recorded a $35 million impairment charge for our indefinite-lived intangible asset associated with the TIC Gums tradename due to our decision to change our marketing strategy related to the brand. Additionally, we recorded a $10 million other-than-temporary impairment of our equity method investment in Verdient when we agreed to acquire the remaining 80 percent interest in Verdient. A summary of our severance accrual at December 31, 2022, is as follows ($ in millions): Balance in severance accrual as of December 31, 2021 $ 3 Payments made to terminated employees (3) Balance in severance accrual as of December 31, 2022 $ — |
Derivatives Instruments and Hed
Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities | Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities We are exposed to market risk stemming from changes in commodity prices (primarily corn and natural gas), foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. In the normal course of business, we actively manage our exposure to these market risks by entering various hedging transactions authorized under established policies that place controls on these activities. These transactions utilize exchange-traded derivatives or over-the-counter derivatives with investment grade counterparties. We use derivative financial instruments that consist of commodity-related futures, options and swap contracts, foreign currency-related forward contracts, interest rate swaps and treasury locks (“T-Locks”). Commodity price hedging : Our principal use of derivative financial instruments is to manage commodity price risk relating to anticipated purchases of corn and natural gas that we intend to use in the manufacturing process, generally over the next 12 to 24 months. We maintain a commodity-price risk management strategy that uses derivative instruments to minimize significant, unanticipated earnings fluctuations caused by commodity-price volatility. To manage price risk related to corn purchases primarily in North America, we use corn futures and option contracts that trade on regulated commodity exchanges to lock in corn costs associated with fixed-priced customer sales contracts. We use soybean oil and soybean meal futures contracts in North America that trade on regulated commodity exchanges to hedge sales of our co-products. We also use over-the-counter natural gas swaps primarily in North America to hedge a portion of our natural gas usage. These derivative financial instruments limit the impact that volatility resulting from fluctuations in market prices will have on corn and natural gas purchases, as well as co-product sales. Our natural gas, soybean meal and the majority of our corn and soybean oil derivatives have been designated as cash flow hedging instruments. For certain corn derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes, all realized and unrealized gains and losses from these instruments are recognized in Cost of sales during each accounting period. We enter these derivative instruments to further mitigate commodity price risk related to anticipated purchases of corn. During 2022, 2021 and 2020, we recognized a $1 million gain, a $1 million loss and a $1 million gain, respectively, on non-designated commodity contracts. For commodity hedges designated as cash flow hedges, unrealized gains and losses associated with marking the commodity hedging contracts to market (fair value) are recorded as a component of OCL and included in the equity section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets as part of AOCL. These amounts, as well as their related tax effects, are subsequently reclassified into earnings in the same line item affected by the hedged transaction and in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings, or in the period a hedge is determined to be ineffective. We assess the effectiveness of a commodity hedge contract based on changes in the contract’s fair value. The changes in the market value of such contracts have historically been, and are expected to continue to be, highly effective at offsetting changes in the price of the hedged items. Gains and losses from cash flow hedging instruments reclassified from AOCL to earnings are reported as Cash provided by operating activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We had outstanding futures and option contracts that hedged the forecasted purchase of approximately 120 million and 135 million bushels of corn as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Ingredion also had outstanding swap contracts that hedged the forecasted purchase of approximately 31 million and 35 million mmbtus of natural gas as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Foreign currency hedging : Due to our global operations, including operations in many emerging markets, we are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. As a result, we have exposure to translational foreign-exchange risk when the results of our foreign operations are translated to U.S. dollars and to transactional foreign-exchange risk when transactions not denominated in the functional currency are revalued. Our foreign-exchange risk management strategy uses derivative financial instruments such as foreign currency forward contracts, swaps and options to manage our transactional foreign exchange risk. We enter into foreign currency derivative instruments that are designated as both cash flow hedging instruments as well as instruments not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes in order to mitigate transactional foreign-exchange risk. Gains and losses from derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes are marked to market in earnings during each period. We hedge certain assets using foreign currency derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, which had a notional value of $405 million and $360 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We also hedge certain liabilities using foreign currency derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, which had a notional value of $239 million and $205 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We hedge certain assets using foreign currency cash flow hedging instruments, which had a notional value of $668 million and $505 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We also hedge certain liability positions using foreign currency cash flow hedging instruments, which had a notional value of $840 million and $708 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Interest rate hedging : We assess our exposure to variability in interest rates by identifying and monitoring changes in interest rates that may adversely impact future cash flows and the fair value of existing debt instruments and by evaluating hedging opportunities. Our risk management strategy is to monitor interest rate risk attributable to both our outstanding and forecasted debt obligations as well as our offsetting hedge positions. Derivative financial instruments that we have used to manage its interest rate risk consist of interest rate swaps and T-Locks. We periodically enter into interest rate swaps to hedge our exposure to interest rate changes. The changes in fair value of interest rate swaps designated as hedging instruments that effectively offset the variability in the fair value of outstanding debt obligations are reported in earnings. These amounts offset the gains or losses (the changes in fair value) of the hedged debt instruments that are attributable to changes in interest rates (the hedged risk), which are also recognized in earnings. Ingredion did not have any outstanding interest rate swaps as of December 31, 2022 or December 31, 2021. We periodically enter into T-Locks to hedge our exposure to interest rate changes. The T-Locks are designated as hedges of the variability in cash flows associated with future interest payments caused by market fluctuations in the benchmark interest rate until the fixed interest rate is established and are accounted for as cash flow hedges. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of the T-Locks are recorded to AOCL until the consummation of the underlying debt offering, at which time any realized gain (loss) is amortized to earnings over the life of the debt. During 2020, we entered into and settled T-Locks associated with the issuance of senior notes due in 2030 and 2050. The realized loss upon settlement of the T-Locks was recorded in AOCL and is amortized into earnings over the term of the senior notes. We did not have outstanding T-Locks as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges included in AOCL as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, are reflected below: Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Gains (Losses) included in AOCL as of December 31, 2022 2021 Commodity contracts, net of income tax effect of $3 and $19, respectively $ 8 $ 51 Foreign currency contracts, net of income tax effect of $ — 1 — Interest rate contracts, net of income tax effect of $1 (3) (3) Total $ 6 $ 48 The fair value and balance sheet location of our derivative instruments, presented gross in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, are reflected below: Fair Value of Hedging Instruments as of December 31, 2022 Designated Hedging Instruments (in millions) Non-Designated Hedging Instruments (in millions) Balance Sheet Location Commodity Contracts Foreign Currency Contracts Total Commodity Contracts Foreign Currency Contracts Total Accounts receivable, net $ 28 $ 20 $ 48 $ — $ 5 $ 5 Other assets 1 6 7 — — — Assets 29 26 55 — 5 5 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 22 23 45 1 6 7 Non-current liabilities 3 9 12 — — — Liabilities 25 32 57 1 6 7 Net Assets/(Liabilities) $ 4 $ (6) $ (2) $ (1) $ (1) $ (2) Fair Value of Hedging Instruments as of December 31, 2021 Designated Hedging Instruments (in millions) Non-Designated Hedging Instruments (in millions) Balance Sheet Location Commodity Contracts Foreign Currency Contracts Total Commodity Contracts Foreign Currency Contracts Total Accounts receivable, net $ 45 $ 9 $ 54 $ 4 $ 3 $ 7 Other assets 7 6 13 — 0 0 Assets 52 15 67 4 3 7 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 5 12 17 2 4 6 Non-current liabilities 2 6 8 — 1 1 Liabilities 7 18 25 2 5 7 Net Assets/(Liabilities) $ 45 $ (3) $ 42 $ 2 $ (2) $ — Additional information relating to Ingredion’s derivative instruments is presented below: Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Gains (Losses) Income Statement Gains (Losses) 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 Commodity contracts $ 202 $ 218 $ 17 Cost of sales $ 261 $ 211 $ (62) Foreign currency contracts 8 — (7) Net sales/Cost of sales 7 (1) (2) Interest rate contracts — — (5) Financing costs — (1) (1) Total $ 210 $ 218 $ 5 $ 268 $ 209 $ (65) Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships Income Statement Location of Derivatives Designated as Gains (Losses) Recognized in Income Income Statement Location of Hedged Items Gains (Losses) Recognized in Income 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 Interest rate contracts Financing costs $ — $ — $ (1) Financing costs $ — $ — $ 1 As of December 31, 2022, AOCL included $14 million of net gains (net of income taxes of $5 million) on commodities-related derivative instruments, T-Locks and foreign currency hedges designated as cash flow hedges that are expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months. |
Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] | |
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements We measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value, which is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, we use various valuation approaches. The hierarchy of those valuation approaches is in three levels based on the reliability of inputs. Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Below is a summary of the hierarchy levels: • Level 1 inputs consist of quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 2 inputs are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. • Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs are used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are presented below: As of December 31, 2022 As of December 31, 2021 (in millions) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Marketable Securities $ 3 $ 3 $ — $ — $ 12 $ 12 $ — $ — Derivative assets 60 49 11 — 74 49 25 — Derivative liabilities 64 51 13 — 32 22 10 — Long-term debt 1,733 — 1,733 — 1,957 — 1,957 — |
Financing Arrangements
Financing Arrangements | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Financing Arrangements | Financing Arrangements We had total debt outstanding of approximately $2.5 billion and $2.0 billion at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Short-term borrowings at December 31, 2022, consisted primarily of commercial paper borrowings and amounts outstanding under various unsecured local country operating lines of credit. On December 16, 2022, we entered into a new two-year, senior, unsecured $200 million term loan, which bears interest, payable quarterly in arrears, at a variable annual rate based on an adjusted daily Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus a margin of 1.10 percent per annum. The term loan will mature and all principal thereunder will be payable on December 16, 2024. The term loan agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants that, among other matters, specify customary reporting obligations, and that, subject to exceptions, restrict the incurrence of additional indebtedness by our subsidiaries, the incurrence of liens and the consummation of certain mergers, consolidations and sales of assets. We are subject to compliance, as of the end of each quarter, with a maximum leverage ratio of 3.5 to 1.0 and a minimum ratio of consolidated EBITDA to consolidated net interest expense of 3.5 to 1.0, with each financial covenant calculated for the most recently completed four-quarter period. We were in compliance with all of our debt covenants as of December 31, 2022. On November 30, 2022, we amended our existing revolving credit agreement. The amendment changed the applicable interest rate calculation under our revolving credit facility to either a specified SOFR plus an applicable margin, or a base rate (generally determined according to the highest of the prime rate, the federal funds rate or the specified SOFR plus 1.00 percent) plus an applicable margin. The revolving credit agreement previously referenced London Interbank Offering Rate ("LIBOR") instead of SOFR for applicable interest calculations under the facility. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, borrowings of $— and $—, respectively, were outstanding under the $1 billion facility. On July 27, 2021, we established a commercial paper program under which we may issue senior unsecured notes of short maturities up to a maximum aggregate principal amount of $1 billion outstanding at any time. The notes may be sold from time to time on customary terms in the U.S. commercial paper market. We use the note proceeds for general corporate purposes. From the inception of the program until December 31, 2021, the average amount of commercial paper outstanding was $670 million with an average interest rate of 0.27 percent and a weighted average maturity of 48 days. As of December 31, 2021, $250 million of commercial paper was outstanding with an average interest rate of 0.35 percent and a weighted average maturity of 48 days. During 2022, the average amount of commercial paper outstanding was $522 million with an average interest rate of 1.97 percent and a weighted average maturity of 16 days. As of December 31, 2022, $390 million of commercial paper was outstanding with an average interest rate of 4.75 percent and a weighted average maturity of 7 days. The amount of commercial paper outstanding under this program in 2023 is expected to fluctuate. Presented below are our debt carrying amounts, net of related discounts, premiums and debt issuance costs and fair values as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: 2022 2021 (in millions) Carrying Fair Carrying Fair 2.900% senior notes due June 1, 2030 $ 595 $ 510 $ 595 $ 619 3.200% senior notes due October 1, 2026 498 470 498 531 3.900% senior notes due June 1, 2050 390 293 390 455 6.625% senior notes due April 15, 2037 253 256 253 350 Term loan credit agreement due December 16, 2024 200 200 — — Revolving credit agreement — — — — Other long-term borrowings 4 4 2 2 Total long-term debt 1,940 1,733 1,738 1,957 Commercial paper 390 390 250 250 Other short-term borrowings 153 153 58 58 Total short-term borrowings 543 543 308 308 Total debt $ 2,483 $ 2,276 $ 2,046 $ 2,265 We guarantee certain obligations of our consolidated subsidiaries, which aggregated $63 million and $61 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. |
Leases
Leases | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Leases [Abstract] | |
Leases | Leases The components of lease expense for the indicated periods were as follows: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Operating lease cost $ 59 $ 58 $ 58 Variable operating lease cost 27 26 29 Short term lease cost 3 4 4 Lease expense $ 89 $ 88 $ 91 We currently have no finance leases. The following is a reconciliation of future undiscounted cash flows to the operating lease liabilities and the related operating lease assets as presented within Other non-current liabilities and Other assets, respectively, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 ($ in millions): 2023 $ 54 2024 44 2025 34 2026 28 2027 17 Thereafter 37 Total future lease payments 214 Less imputed interest 20 Present value of future lease payments 194 Less current lease liabilities 48 Non-current operating lease liabilities $ 146 Operating lease assets $ 187 Additional information related to our operating leases is listed below. Other Information Year Ended ($ in millions) 2022 2021 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 60 $ 58 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities: Operating leases $ 52 $ 77 As of As of Weighted average remaining lease term: Operating leases 5.9 years 6.5 years Weighted average discount rate: Operating leases 4.4 % 4.0 % |
Income Taxes
Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes The components of income before income taxes and the provision for income taxes for the years indicated are shown below: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Income before income taxes: U.S. $ 111 $ 39 $ (15) Foreign 557 209 521 Total income before income taxes 668 248 506 Provision for income taxes: Current tax expense: U.S. federal 8 2 1 State and local 2 2 2 Foreign 159 180 156 Total current tax expense 169 184 159 Deferred tax expense (benefit): U.S. federal 5 (57) (18) State and local (1) (2) (1) Foreign (7) (2) 12 Total deferred tax (benefit) (3) (61) (7) Total provision for income taxes $ 166 $ 123 $ 152 Deferred income taxes are provided for the tax effects of temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Significant temporary differences as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, are summarized as follows: (in millions) 2022 2021 Deferred tax assets attributable to: Employee benefit accruals $ 30 $ 28 Pensions and postretirement plans 14 14 Lease liabilities 49 49 Bad debt 6 14 Inventory reserve 22 13 Net operating loss carryforwards 59 64 Tax credit carryforwards 5 18 Other 42 36 Total deferred tax assets 227 236 Valuation allowances (51) (67) Net deferred tax assets 176 169 Deferred tax liabilities attributable to: Property, plant and equipment 175 175 Identified intangibles 48 47 Right-of-use lease assets 46 46 Foreign withholding and state taxes on unremitted earnings 1 1 Goodwill 31 27 Brazilian indirect tax credits 4 5 Derivative contracts 3 19 Total deferred tax liabilities 308 320 Net deferred tax liabilities $ 132 $ 151 Of the $59 million of tax-effected net operating loss carryforwards as of December 31, 2022, $4 million and $15 million are for U.S. federal and state loss carryforwards, respectively, and $40 million are for foreign loss carryforwards. U.S. federal and state loss carryforwards have various expiration periods starting in 2025. Of the $40 million of foreign loss carryforwards, $19 million are related to Canada, $7 million to Argentina and $7 million to Australia with carryforward periods of 20 years, 5 years and indefinitely, respectively. A valuation allowance is established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. Prior to establishing a valuation allowance, we consider historical taxable income, scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, tax planning strategies, tax carryovers and projected future taxable income. As of December 31, 2022, we maintained valuation allowances of $51 million, consisting of $26 million primarily related to foreign loss carryforwards, $15 million for state loss carryforwards, $5 million for state credits and carryforwards, $4 million for U.S. federal loss carryforwards and $1 million for certain foreign tax credits, all of which we have determined will more likely than not expire prior to realization. Net operating loss carryforwards disclosed in the financial statements differ from the as-filed tax returns due to an unrecognized tax benefit. Foreign net operating loss carryforwards and valuation allowances would increase $10 million, absent the unrecognized tax benefit. A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to our effective tax rate follows: 2022 2021 2020 Provision for tax at U.S. statutory rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 % Tax rate difference on foreign income 7.2 13.3 9.1 Foreign currency FX (0.3) 3.2 1.2 Inflation adjustments (0.6) (4.0) (0.8) Tax benefit of intercompany financing (0.4) (1.6) (0.8) U.S. international tax implications 2.2 0.8 0.6 Valuation allowance in Argentina — (0.4) (0.6) Favorable judgment on the treatment of credits and interest on indirect taxes (0.3) (4.8) (0.6) Unremitted earnings — (12.1) — Impairment charge related to Argentina joint venture — 35.5 — Foreign-derived intangible income (FDII) (1.0) — — Brazil exclusion of certain tax incentives (4.0) — — Other items, net 1.1 (1.3) 0.9 Provision at effective tax rate 24.9 % 49.6 % 30.0 % We have significant operations in Mexico, Pakistan and Colombia, where the 2022 statutory tax rates are 30 percent, 33 percent (excluding a 4 percent surcharge) and 35 percent, respectively. In addition, our subsidiary in Brazil has a statutory tax rate of 34 percent before the application of local incentives that vary each year. During 2022, the U.S. Treasury published final foreign tax credit regulations that limit our ability to claim foreign tax credits from certain countries, primarily in South America, and we recorded the resulting tax liability to our Consolidated Balance Sheets. During 2022, Ingredion Brazil recorded a tax benefit related to the exclusion of certain tax incentives provided by the local government from taxable income for fiscal years 2018 through 2022. This resulted in a tax benefit of $27 million, or 4.0 percentage points on the effective tax rate. This transaction is more fully discussed in Note 14 Commitments and Contingencies. As of December 31, 2022, we have a $1 million accrual for foreign withholding on certain unremitted earnings from foreign subsidiaries. No foreign withholding taxes, federal and state taxes or foreign currency gains/losses have been provided on distributions of approximately $2.4 billion of unremitted earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, as such amounts are considered permanently reinvested. It is not practicable to estimate the additional income taxes, including applicable foreign withholding taxes that would be due upon the repatriation of these earnings. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, for 2022 and 2021 is as follows: (in millions) 2022 2021 Balance at January 1 $ 29 $ 46 Additions for tax positions related to prior years 5 2 Reductions for tax positions related to prior years (1) (9) Additions based on tax positions related to the current year 1 2 Reductions related to a lapse in the statute of limitations (4) (12) Balance at December 31 $ 30 $ 29 Of the $30 million of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2022, $19 million represents the amount that, if recognized, could affect the effective tax rate in future periods. The remaining $11 million includes $10 million of net operating loss carryforwards that would have otherwise had a valuation allowance and $1 million of U.S. federal benefits. We account for interest and penalties related to income tax matters within the provision for income taxes. We have accrued $5 million of interest expense and penalties related to the unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2022. We are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax in multiple states and non-U.S. jurisdictions. The U.S. federal tax returns are subject to audit for the years 2019 through 2022. In general, our foreign subsidiaries remain subject to audit for years 2010 and later. It is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits including interest and penalties will increase or decrease within twelve months of December 31, 2022. We believe it is reasonably possible that none of the unrecognized tax benefits may be recognized within twelve months of December 31, 2022, as a result of a lapse of the statute of limitations. We have classified none of the unrecognized tax benefits as current because they are not expected to be resolved within the next twelve months. |
Pension and Other Postretiremen
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Retirement Benefits [Abstract] | |
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits | Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits We sponsor noncontributory defined benefit pension plans (qualified and non-qualified) covering a substantial portion of our employees in the U.S. and Canada and certain employees in other foreign countries. Plans for most salaried employees provide pay-related benefits based on years of service. Plans for hourly employees generally provide benefits based on flat dollar amounts and years of service. Our general funding policy is to make contributions to the plans that comply with minimum funding requirements and are within the limits of deductibility under current tax regulations. Certain foreign countries allow income tax deductions without regard to contribution levels and our policy in those countries is to make contributions required by the terms of the applicable plan. Included in our pension obligation are nonqualified supplemental retirement plans for certain key employees. Benefits provided under these plans are unfunded and we make direct payments to plan participants. We also provide healthcare and/or life insurance benefits for retired employees in the U.S., Canada and Brazil. Healthcare benefits for retirees outside the U.S., Canada and Brazil are generally covered through local government plans. Pension Plans Pension Obligation and Funded Status: The changes in pension benefit obligations and plan assets during 2022 and 2021, as well as the funded status and the amounts recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets related to our pension plans at December 31, 2022 and 2021, were as follows: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans (in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Benefit obligation At January 1 $ 383 $ 409 $ 254 $ 275 Service cost 4 4 3 4 Interest cost 9 8 9 9 Benefits paid (25) (24) (13) (13) Actuarial (gain) loss (71) (14) (49) (15) Curtailment/settlement/amendments — — (2) (1) Foreign currency translation — — (14) (5) Benefit obligation at December 31 $ 300 $ 383 $ 188 $ 254 Fair value of plan assets At January 1 $ 420 $ 439 $ 244 $ 249 Actual return on plan assets (79) 4 (30) 3 Employer contributions 1 1 5 7 Benefits paid (25) (24) (13) (13) Plan settlements — — (2) (1) Foreign currency translation — — (15) (1) Fair value of plan assets at December 31 $ 317 $ 420 $ 189 $ 244 Funded status $ 17 $ 37 $ 1 $ (10) As of December 31, 2022, the decrease in the benefit obligation for U.S. and non-U.S. plans was primarily driven by actuarial gains, which mainly resulted from an increase in discount rates compared to the prior year. As of December 31, 2021, the decrease in the benefit obligation for U.S. and non-U.S. plans was primarily driven by actuarial gains, which mainly resulted from an increase in discount rates due to an increase in bond yields compared to the prior year. Amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans (in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Non-current asset $ 25 $ 47 $ 43 $ 44 Current liabilities (1) (1) (1) (1) Non-current liabilities (7) (9) (41) (53) Net asset (liability) recognized $ 17 $ 37 $ 1 $ (10) Amounts recorded in AOCL, excluding tax effects that have not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost at December 31, 2022 and 2021, were as follows: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans (in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Net actuarial loss $ 36 $ 11 $ 24 $ 38 Transition obligation — — — — Prior service (credit) cost (3) (4) — — Net amount recognized $ 33 $ 7 $ 24 $ 38 The amount recognized in AOCL at December 31, 2022 increased compared to prior year for the U.S. pension plans mainly due to the actual return on assets being less than the expected return on assets, which was partially offset by the increase in discount rates used to measure our obligations under our U.S. pension. The decrease in the net amount recognized in AOCL at December 31, 2022 for the non-U.S. pension plans as compared to December 31, 2021 was primarily due to higher discount rates used to measure our obligations. The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit pension plans was $469 million and $619 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Information for pension plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets and an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets was as follows: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans (in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Projected benefit obligation $ (8) $ (10) $ (45) $ (57) Accumulated benefit obligation (8) (9) (35) (48) Fair value of plan assets — — 3 3 Components of net periodic benefit cost consist of the following for 2022, 2021 and 2020: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 Service cost $ 4 $ 4 $ 5 $ 3 $ 4 $ 4 Interest cost 9 8 11 9 9 10 Expected return on plan assets (16) (17) (21) (7) (8) (8) Amortization of actuarial loss — — — 1 2 2 Amortization of prior service credit (1) (1) (1) — — — Net periodic benefit cost $ (4) $ (6) $ (6) $ 6 $ 7 $ 8 Total amounts recorded in other comprehensive income and net periodic benefit cost were as follows: (in millions, pre-tax) U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 Net actuarial (gain) loss $ 25 $ (1) $ (3) $ (11) $ (11) $ 1 Prior service cost — — — — — — Amortization of actuarial loss — — — (1) (2) (2) Amortization of prior service credit 1 1 1 — — — Foreign currency translation — — — (2) (11) — Total recorded in other comprehensive income 26 — (2) (14) (24) (1) Net periodic benefit cost (4) (6) (6) 6 7 8 Total recorded in other comprehensive income and net periodic benefit cost $ 22 $ (6) $ (8) $ (8) $ (17) $ 7 The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine our obligations for the pension plans for the given years: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans 2022 2021 2022 2021 Discount rate 5.19 % 2.91 % 5.66 % 3.47 % Rate of compensation increase 3.92 4.18 3.83 3.67 Cash balance interest credit rate 4.21 4.11 — — The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine our net periodic benefit cost for the pension plans for the given years: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 Discount rate 2.91 % 2.58 % 3.34 % 3.66 % 2.84 % 3.55 % Expected long-term return on plan assets 4.10 4.10 5.30 3.50 3.37 3.81 Rate of compensation increase 4.18 4.26 4.21 3.77 3.54 3.68 Cash balance interest crediting rate 4.11 3.76 4.16 — — — For 2022, we assumed an expected long-term rate of return on assets of 4.10 percent for U.S. plans and 3.06 percent for Canadian plans. In developing the expected long-term rate of return assumption on plan assets, which consist mainly of U.S. and Canadian debt and equity securities, we evaluated historical rates of return achieved on plan assets and the asset allocation of the plans, input from our independent actuaries and investment consultants, and historical trends in long-term inflation rates. Projected return estimates are based upon broad equity and bond indices. The discount rate reflects a rate of return on high-quality fixed income investments that match the duration of the expected benefit payments. We typically use returns on long-term, high-quality corporate AA bonds as a benchmark in establishing this assumption, and we elect to use a full yield curve approach to estimate these components of benefit cost by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve used to determine the benefit obligation to the relevant projected cash flows. Plan Assets: Our investment policy for our pension plans is to balance risk and return through diversified portfolios of fixed income securities, equity instruments and short-term investments. Maturities for fixed income securities are managed such that sufficient liquidity exists to meet near-term benefit payment obligations. For U.S. pension plans, the weighted average target range allocation of assets was 9 to 19 percent in equities and 81 to 91 percent in fixed income inclusive of other short-term investments. The asset allocation is reviewed regularly, and portfolio investments are rebalanced to the targeted allocation when considered appropriate. Our weighted average asset allocations as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, for U.S. and non-U.S. pension plan assets are as follows: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans Asset Category 2022 2021 2022 2021 Equity securities 11 % 14 % 8 % 18 % Debt securities 87 85 77 57 Cash and other 2 1 15 25 Total 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % With the exception of cash, which is considered Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy, all significant pension plan assets are held in collective trusts by our U.S. and non-U.S. plans. The fair value of shares of collective trusts are based upon the net asset value (“NAV”) of the fund reported by the fund managers based on quoted market prices of the underlying securities as of the balance sheet date and are considered to be Level 2 fair value measurements. Investments measured at NAV, as a practical expedient for fair value, are excluded from the fair value hierarchy. This may produce a fair value measurement that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while we believe our valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with those of other market participants, the use of different methodologies could result in different fair value measurements at the reporting date. The fair values of our plan assets by asset category are as follows: Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 NAV Level 1 Level 2 Total (in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 U.S. Plans: Equity index: U.S. (a) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 22 $ 37 $ 22 $ 37 International (b) — — — — 14 22 14 22 Fixed income index: Long bond (c) — — — — 127 179 127 179 Long government bond (d) — — — — 89 109 89 109 Other fixed income (e) 59 69 — — — — 59 69 Cash & Short-term Investments (f) — — — — 6 4 6 4 Total U.S. Plans $ 59 $ 69 $ — $ — $ 258 $ 351 $ 317 $ 420 Non-U.S. Plans: Equity index: U.S. (a) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 9 $ 26 $ 9 $ 26 International (b) — — — — 6 17 6 17 Fixed income index: Short bond (g) — — — — 25 34 25 34 Intermediate bond (h) — — — — 51 45 51 45 Long bond (i) — — — — 69 93 69 93 Other (j) — — — — 22 21 22 21 Cash & Short-term Investments (f) — — 2 8 5 — 7 8 Total Non-U.S. Plans $ — $ — $ 2 $ 8 $ 187 $ 236 $ 189 $ 244 ______________________ (a) This category consists of both passively and actively managed equity index funds that track the return of large capitalization U.S. equities. (b) This category consists of both passively and actively managed equity index funds that track an index of returns on international developed market equities. (c) This category consists of an actively managed fixed income index fund that invests in a diversified portfolio of fixed-income corporate securities with maturities generally exceeding 10 years. (d) This category consists of an actively managed fixed income index fund that invests in a diversified portfolio of fixed-income U.S. treasury securities with maturities generally exceeding 10 years. (e) This category consists of an actively managed common collective fund that invests in government bonds, collateralized mortgage obligations, investment grade private credit and real estate debt. This fund is priced monthly at the aggregated market value of the underlying investments and can be fully redeemed with 95 days notification. (f) This category represents cash, cash equivalents, or highly liquid short-term investments. (g) This category consists of both passively and actively managed fixed income index funds that track the return of short-duration government and investment grade corporate bonds. (h) This category consists of both passively and actively managed fixed income index funds that track the return of intermediate duration government and investment grade corporate bonds. (i) This category consists of both passively and actively managed fixed income index funds that track the return of government bonds and investment grade corporate bonds. (j) This category mainly consists of investment products provided by insurance companies that offer returns that are subject to a minimum guarantee and mutual funds. During 2022, we made cash contributions of $1 million and $5 million to our U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans, respectively. Ingredion anticipates that in 2023 we will make cash contributions of $1 million and $3 million to our U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans, respectively. Cash contributions in subsequent years will depend on a number of factors, including the performance of plan assets. The following benefit payments to beneficiaries, which reflect anticipated future service, as appropriate, are expected to be made in the following years: (in millions) U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans 2023 26 14 2024 25 13 2025 25 13 2026 25 13 2027 26 14 Years 2028 - 2032 115 78 We also maintain defined contribution plans. We make matching contributions to these plans that are subject to certain vesting requirements and are based on a percentage of employee contributions. Amounts charged to expense for defined contribution plans totaled $22 million for each of 2022, 2021 and 2020. Postretirement Benefit Plans Our postretirement benefit plans currently are not funded. The information presented below includes plans in the U.S., Brazil and Canada. The changes in the benefit obligations of the plans during 2022 and 2021, as well as the amounts recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2022 and 2021, are as follows: (in millions) 2022 2021 Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation At January 1 $ 65 $ 68 Service cost 1 1 Interest cost 3 2 Amendments — 4 Actuarial (gain) loss (7) (5) Benefits paid (4) (4) Foreign currency translation — (1) At December 31 58 65 Fair value of plan assets — — Funded status $ (58) $ (65) As of December 31, 2022, the decrease in the postretirement benefit obligation was mainly driven by higher discount rates. As of December 31, 2021, the decrease in the postretirement benefit obligation was mainly driven by higher actuarial gains, partially offset by a $4 million amendment and favorable foreign currency translation related to Ingredion’s Canada and Brazil postretirement plans. The North Kansas City retiree medical group shifted from a multi-employer plan to the Ingredion Post Retirement Medical Health and Life Plan at the end of 2021, causing an increase to the postretirement obligation of $4 million in 2021. Amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2022 and 2021 consist of: (in millions) 2022 2021 Current liabilities $ (5) $ (4) Non-current liabilities (53) (61) Net liability recognized $ (58) $ (65) Amounts recorded in AOCL, excluding tax effects that have not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost at December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: (in millions) 2022 2021 Net actuarial loss $ 1 $ 8 Prior service cost 5 5 Net amount recognized $ 6 $ 13 Components of net periodic benefit cost consisted of the following for 2022, 2021 and 2020: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Service cost $ 1 $ 1 $ — Interest cost 3 2 3 Amortization of actuarial loss — 1 1 Amortization of prior service credit — (2) (2) Net periodic benefit cost $ 4 $ 2 $ 2 Total amounts recorded in other comprehensive income and net periodic benefit cost for 2022, 2021 and 2020 was as follows: (in millions, pre-tax) 2022 2021 2020 Net actuarial loss (gain) $ (7) $ (5) $ 4 Prior service cost — 4 — Amortization of prior service credit — 2 2 Amortization of actuarial loss — (1) (1) Foreign currency translation — (4) — Total recorded in other comprehensive income (7) (4) 5 Net periodic benefit cost 4 2 2 Total recorded in other comprehensive income and net periodic benefit cost $ (3) $ (2) $ 7 The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine our obligations under the postretirement plans for 2022 and 2021: 2022 2021 Discount rate 7.30 % 4.22 % The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine our net postretirement benefit cost: 2022 2021 2020 Discount rate 4.22 % 3.69 % 4.42 % The discount rate reflects a rate of return on high-quality fixed-income investments that match the duration of expected benefit payments. We typically use returns on long-term, high-quality corporate AA bonds as a benchmark in establishing this assumption. The healthcare cost trend rates used in valuing our postretirement benefit obligations are established based upon actual healthcare trends and consultation with actuaries and benefit providers. The following assumptions were used as of December 31, 2022: U.S. Canada Brazil 2022 increase in per capita cost 6.82 % 4.82 % 8.68 % Ultimate trend 4.50 % 4.05 % 8.68 % Year ultimate trend reached 2032 2040 2022 The following benefit payments to beneficiaries, which reflect anticipated future service, as appropriate, are expected to be made under Ingredion’s postretirement benefit plans: (in millions) 2023 $ 5 2024 4 2025 4 2026 4 2027 4 Years 2028 - 2032 21 Multi-employer Plan Ingredion participates in and contributes to one multi-employer benefit plan under the terms of collective bargaining agreements that cover certain union-represented employees and retirees in the U.S. The plan covers medical and dental benefits for active hourly employees and retirees represented by the United Steelworkers Union for certain U.S. locations. The risks of participating in this multi-employer plan are different from single-employer plans. This plan receives contributions from two or more unrelated employers pursuant to one or more collective bargaining agreements, and the assets contributed by one employer may be used to fund the benefits of all employees covered within the plan. We are required to make contributions to this multi-employer plan as determined by the terms and conditions of the collective bargaining agreements and plan terms, but we do not provide more than five percent of the total contributions to the plan. For 2022, 2021 and 2020, we made regular contributions of $10 million, $14 million and $14 million, respectively, to the plan. We cannot currently estimate the amount of multi-employer plan contributions that will be required in 2023 and future years, but these contributions could increase due to healthcare cost trends. As described above, the North Kansas City retiree medical group shifted from a multi-employer plan to the U.S. postretirement benefit plan at the end of 2021. The remaining collective bargaining agreements associated with the multi-employer plan expire during 2023 through 2025. |
Equity
Equity | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract] | |
Equity | Equity Preferred stock: We have authorized 25 million shares of $0.01 par value preferred stock, none of which were issued or outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021. Treasury stock: On September 26, 2022, the Board of Directors terminated the stock repurchase program it had previously authorized on October 22, 2018, which permitted us to purchase up to 8 million of our outstanding shares of common stock from November 5, 2018 through December 31, 2023. As of the date of termination, the 2018 repurchase program had approximately 3.8 million shares of common stock remaining for repurchase. On September 26, 2022, the Board of Directors contemporaneously approved a new stock repurchase program to authorize us to purchase up to 6 million shares of our outstanding common stock from September 26, 2022 through December 31, 2025. We may repurchase shares from time to time in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise, at prices we deem appropriate. We are not obligated to repurchase any shares under the authorization, and the new repurchase program may be suspended, discontinued or modified at any time, for any reason and without notice. The parameters of our stock repurchase program are not established solely with reference to the dilutive impact of shares issued under our stock incentive plan. However, we expect that, over time, share repurchases will offset the dilutive impact of shares issued under the stock incentive plan. During 2022, we repurchased 1,283 thousand shares of common stock in open market transactions at a net cost of $112 million. During 2021, we repurchased 765 thousand shares of common stock in open market transactions at a net cost of $68 million. Set forth below is a reconciliation of common stock share activity for 2022, 2021 and 2020: (Shares of common stock, in thousands) Issued Held in Treasury Outstanding Balance at December 31, 2019 77,811 10,993 66,818 Issuance of restricted stock units as compensation — (69) 69 Performance shares and other share-based awards — (5) 5 Stock options exercised — (124) 124 Purchase/acquisition of treasury stock — — — Balance at December 31, 2020 77,811 10,795 67,016 Issuance of restricted stock units as compensation — (69) 69 Performance shares and other share-based awards — (6) 6 Stock options exercised — (331) 331 Purchase/acquisition of treasury stock — 765 (765) Balance at December 31, 2021 77,811 11,154 66,657 Issuance of restricted stock units as compensation — (95) 95 Performance shares and other share-based awards — (43) 43 Stock options exercised — (182) 182 Purchase/acquisition of treasury stock — 1,283 (1,283) Balance at December 31, 2022 77,811 12,117 65,694 Share-based payments : The following table summarizes the components of our share-based compensation expense for 2022, 2021 and 2020: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Stock options: Pre-tax compensation expense $ 4 $ 3 $ 4 Income tax benefit — — — Stock option expense, net of income taxes 4 3 4 Restricted stock units ("RSUs"): Pre-tax compensation expense 13 12 12 Income tax benefit (1) (1) (1) RSUs, net of income taxes 12 11 11 Performance shares and other share-based awards: Pre-tax compensation expense 12 8 7 Income tax benefit (1) (1) (1) Performance shares and other share-based compensation expense, net of income taxes 11 7 6 Total share-based compensation: Pre-tax compensation expense 29 23 23 Income tax benefit (2) (2) (2) Total share-based compensation expense, net of income taxes $ 27 $ 21 $ 21 We have a stock incentive plan (“SIP”) administered by the People, Culture and Compensation Committee (“Compensation Committee”) of our Board of Directors that provides for the granting of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other share-based awards to certain key employees. A maximum of 8 million shares were originally authorized for awards under the SIP. On May 19, 2021, our stockholders approved an increase in the number of shares then available under the SIP by 2.5 million shares. As of December 31, 2022, 3.1 million shares were available for future grants under the SIP. Shares covered by awards that expire, terminate or lapse will again be available for the grant of awards under the SIP. Stock Options: Under the SIP, stock options are granted at exercise prices that equal the market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. The options have a 10-year term and are exercisable upon vesting, which occurs over a three-year period at the anniversary dates of the date of grant. We granted non-qualified options to purchase 281 thousand, 358 thousand and 336 thousand shares for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The fair value of each option grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Expected life (in years) 5.5 5.5 5.5 Risk-free interest rate 2.0 % 0.6 % 1.4 % Expected volatility 23.8 % 23.2 % 19.8 % Expected dividend yield 2.9 % 2.9 % 2.9 % The expected life of options represents the weighted average period that we expect options granted to be outstanding giving consideration to vesting schedules and our historical exercise patterns. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the grant date for the period corresponding to the expected life of the options. Expected volatility is based on historical volatilities of our common stock, and dividend yields are based on our dividend yield at the date of issuance. A summary of stock option transactions in 2022 is as follows: Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 2,154 $ 90.39 5.26 $ 26 Granted 281 88.66 Exercised (182) 61.90 Cancelled (31) 103.55 Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 2,222 $ 92.32 5.16 $ 24 Exercisable as of December 31, 2022 1,651 $ 93.79 4.03 $ 18 For 2022, 2021 and 2020, cash received from the exercise of stock options was $11 million, $21 million and $6 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options totaled $3 million, which is expected to be amortized over the weighted-average period of approximately 1.7 years. Additional information pertaining to stock option activity is as follows: Year Ended December 31, (dollars in millions, except per share) 2022 2021 2020 Weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted (per share) $ 15.04 $ 12.31 $ 11.48 Total intrinsic value of stock options exercised 6 10 5 Restricted Stock Units: We have granted restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to certain key employees. The RSUs are primarily subject to cliff vesting, generally after three years, provided the employee remains in our service. The fair value of the RSUs is determined based upon the number of shares granted and the quoted market price of our common stock at the grant date. The following table summarizes RSU activity in 2022: (shares in thousands) Number of Weighted Non-vested at December 31, 2021 486 $ 88.34 Granted 213 88.80 Vested (132) 90.74 Cancelled (50) 87.14 Non-vested at December 31, 2022 517 $ 88.04 The total fair value of RSUs that vested in 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $12 million, $12 million and $17 million, respectively. At December 31, 2022, the total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs was $17 million, which will be amortized on a weighted-average basis over approximately 1.7 years. Recognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs is included in Share-based payments subject to redemption in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and totaled $28 million and $25 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Performance Shares: We have a long-term incentive plan for senior management in the form of performance shares. The vesting of the performance shares is generally based on two performance metrics. Fifty percent of the performance shares awarded vest based on our total shareholder return as compared to the total shareholder return of our peer group and the remaining fifty percent vest based on the calculation of our three-year average Adjusted Return on Invested Capital (“ROIC”) against an established ROIC target. The 2021 performance shares were granted in two tranches. Vesting for the first tranche was split evenly between our total shareholder return and Adjusted ROIC against the applicable target. The second tranche of performance share awards vest 100 percent based on the calculation of Adjusted ROIC against the applicable target. For the 2022 performance shares awarded based on our total shareholder return, the number of shares that ultimately vest can range from zero to 200 percent of the grant depending on our total shareholder return as compared to the total shareholder return of our peer group. The share award vesting will be calculated at the end of the three-year period and is subject to approval by management and the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Compensation expense is based on the fair value of the performance shares at the grant date, established using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The total compensation expense for these awards is amortized over a three-year graded vesting schedule. For the 2022 performance shares awarded based on Adjusted ROIC, the number of shares that ultimately vest can range from zero to 200 percent of the grant depending on our Adjusted ROIC performance against the target. The share award vesting will be calculated at the end of the three-year period and is subject to approval by management and the Compensation Committee. Compensation expense is based on the market price of our common stock on the grant date and the final number of shares that ultimately vest. We estimate the potential share vesting at least annually to adjust the compensation expense for these awards over the vesting period to reflect our estimated Adjusted ROIC performance against the target. The total compensation expense for these awards is amortized over a three-year graded vesting schedule. We awarded 86 thousand, 108 thousand and 81 thousand performance shares in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The weighted average fair value of the shares granted during 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $138.85, $100.29 and $94.48, respectively. The 2019 performance share awards that vested during 2022 achieved a zero percent payout of the granted performance shares. As of December 31, 2022, the 2020 performance share awards are estimated to pay out at 75 percent. Additionally, there were two thousand shares cancelled during 2022. As of December 31, 2022, the unrecognized compensation cost relating to these plans was $8 million, which will be amortized over the remaining requisite service periods of 1.7 years. Recognized compensation cost related to these unvested awards is included in Share-based payments subject to redemption in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and totaled $20 million and $11 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Other share-based awards under the SIP: Under the compensation agreement with the Board of Directors, $150,000 of a non-employee director’s annual retainer and 50 percent of the additional retainers paid to the lead director and the chairs of committees of the Board of Directors are awarded in shares of common stock or, if a director elects to defer all or a portion of the director's common stock or cash compensation, in shares of restricted stock units. These restricted units may not be transferred until a date not less than six months after the director’s termination of service from the Board of Directors, at which time the restricted units will be settled by delivering shares of common stock with fractional shares to be paid in cash. The compensation expense relating to this plan included in the Consolidated Statements of Income was approximately $2 million in each of 2022, 2021, and 2020. At December 31, 2022, there were approximately 230 thousand restricted stock units outstanding under this plan at a carrying value of approximately $15 million. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss: A summary of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for 2022, 2021 and 2020, is presented below: (in millions) Cumulative Translation Adjustment Hedging Activities Pension and Postretirement Adjustment AOCL Balance, December 31, 2019 $ (1,089) $ (9) $ (60) $ (1,158) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassification adjustments (25) 5 (2) (22) Loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — 65 — 65 Tax (provision) benefit — (19) 1 (18) Net other comprehensive (loss) income (25) 51 (1) 25 Balance, December 31, 2020 (1,114) 42 (61) (1,133) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassification adjustments (100) 218 28 146 Loss (gain) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss 311 (209) — 102 Tax (provision) — (3) (9) (12) Net other comprehensive income 211 6 19 236 Balance, December 31, 2021 (903) 48 (42) (897) Other comprehensive (loss) gain before reclassification adjustments (105) 210 (5) 100 (Gain) loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — (268) — (268) Tax benefit — 16 1 17 Net other comprehensive income (105) (42) (4) (151) Balance, December 31, 2022 $ (1,008) $ 6 $ (46) $ (1,048) Supplemental Information : The following table provides the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share (“EPS”) for the periods presented. 2022 2021 2020 (in millions, except per share amounts) Net Income Weighted Per Net Income Weighted Per Net Income Weighted Per Basic EPS $ 492 66.2 $ 7.43 $ 117 67.1 $ 1.74 $ 348 67.2 $ 5.18 Effect of Dilutive Securities: Incremental shares from assumed exercise of dilutive stock options and vesting of dilutive RSUs and other awards 0.8 0.7 0.4 Diluted EPS $ 492 67.0 $ 7.34 $ 117 67.8 $ 1.73 $ 348 67.6 $ 5.15 Approximately 1.4 million, 0.9 million and 1.7 million share-based awards of common stock were excluded for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, from the calculation of the weighted average number of shares outstanding for diluted EPS because their effects were anti-dilutive. |
Information by Segment and Geog
Information by Segment and Geographic Region | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |
Information by Segment and Geographic Region | Information by Segment and Geographic RegionWe are principally engaged in the production and sale of starches and sweeteners for a wide range of industries and we are managed geographically on a regional basis. The nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our Net sales are managed by us primarily based on our geographic segments, which we classify and report as North America, South America, Asia-Pacific and EMEA. Our North America segment includes businesses in the U.S., Mexico and Canada. Our South America segment includes businesses and our share of earnings from investments in joint ventures in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Uruguay. Our Asia-Pacific segment includes businesses in South Korea, Thailand, China, Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Indonesia, Singapore, the Philippines, Malaysia, India and Vietnam. Our EMEA segment includes businesses in Pakistan, Germany, Poland, the United Kingdom and South Africa. Net sales by product are not presented because to do so would be impracticable. Presented below are Ingredion’s net sales to unaffiliated customers by reportable segment for the years indicated: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Net sales to unaffiliated customers: North America $ 4,934 $ 4,137 $ 3,662 South America 1,124 1,057 919 Asia-Pacific 1,107 997 813 EMEA 781 703 593 Total net sales $ 7,946 $ 6,894 $ 5,987 Presented below is our operating income by reportable segment for the years indicated: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Operating income: North America $ 565 $ 487 $ 487 South America 169 138 112 Asia-Pacific 93 87 80 EMEA 110 106 102 Corporate (150) (133) (122) Subtotal 787 685 659 Acquisition/integration costs (1) (3) (11) Restructuring/impairment charges (4) (47) (93) Impairment on disposition of assets — (340) — Other matters (20) 15 27 Total operating income $ 762 $ 310 $ 582 Presented below are our total assets by reportable segment as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: As of December 31, (in millions) 2022 2021 Assets: North America (a) $ 4,499 $ 4,203 South America 949 799 Asia-Pacific 1,467 1,403 EMEA 646 594 Total assets $ 7,561 $ 6,999 _____________________ (a) For purposes of presentation, North America includes Corporate assets. Presented below are our depreciation and amortization, mechanical stores expense and capital expenditures and mechanical stores purchases by reportable segment: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Depreciation and amortization: North America (a) $ 145 $ 146 $ 147 South America 18 18 19 Asia-Pacific 37 40 32 EMEA 15 16 15 Total $ 215 $ 220 $ 213 Mechanical stores expense (b): North America (a) $ 43 $ 43 $ 39 South America 4 6 7 Asia-Pacific 4 3 4 EMEA 4 3 4 Total $ 55 $ 55 $ 54 Capital expenditures and mechanical stores purchases: North America (a) $ 178 $ 166 $ 243 South America 31 38 39 Asia-Pacific 72 81 46 EMEA 19 15 12 Total $ 300 $ 300 $ 340 _____________________ (a) North America includes Corporate activities. (b) Represents costs for spare parts used in the production process that are recorded in PP&E as part of machinery and equipment until they are utilized in the manufacturing process and expensed as a period cost. The following table presents net sales to unaffiliated customers by country of origin for the years indicated: Net Sales (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 U.S. $ 2,978 $ 2,509 $ 2,284 Mexico 1,444 1,170 984 Brazil 720 586 447 Canada 512 459 393 Korea 356 323 268 Others 1,936 1,847 1,611 Total $ 7,946 $ 6,894 $ 5,987 The following table presents long-lived assets (excluding intangible assets and deferred income taxes) by country as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: Long-lived Assets (in millions) 2022 2021 U.S. $ 1,289 $ 1,317 Mexico 309 320 Canada 273 272 Brazil 209 189 Thailand 153 156 China 144 128 Germany 126 135 Others 435 423 Total $ 2,938 $ 2,940 |
Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and Contingencies | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Commitments and Contingencies | Commitments and Contingencies In October 2022, the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice issued a motion of clarification that certain tax incentives provided by local governments can be excluded from taxable income. In the fourth quarter of 2022, we filed an action for a right to recover previously taxable, local government tax incentives granted during fiscal years 2018 to 2022. As our recovery is probable, we recorded a $27 million income tax benefit, which we expect to recover within five years. In 2020, our Brazilian subsidiary received a favorable decision from the Federal Court of Appeals (“Lower Court”) in Sao Paulo, Brazil, related to certain indirect taxes collected in prior years (referred as “Brazil indirect tax matters” in these financial statements). The Lower Court clarified the calculation of our benefit, allowing us to claim gross treatment within the indirect tax claim calculation and a larger indirect tax claim against the government. As a result of the decision, we recorded a $35 million pre-tax benefit in the Consolidated Income Statements in Other operating expense (income) in 2020 related to the open period of 2005 to 2014. In May 2021, the Brazilian Supreme Court ("Court") issued its ruling related to the calculation of certain indirect taxes, which affirmed the Lower Court rulings that we had received in previous years and affirmed that we are entitled to the previously recorded tax credits. The Court ruling ensures that we will be entitled to $15 million of additional credits from the period of 2015 to 2018 that was previously unrecorded pending a final Court ruling. We recorded the $15 million of additional credits in 2021 within Other operating expense (income) in the Consolidated Statements of Income. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had $17 million and $41 million, respectively, of remaining indirect tax credits recorded in Other assets and Prepaid expenses on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. These credits resulted in $— and $5 million of a deferred tax liability as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. We will use the income tax offsets to eliminate our Brazilian federal tax payments in 2023 and future years, including the income tax payable for the indirect taxes recovered. We are currently subject to claims and suits arising in the ordinary course of business, including labor matters, certain environmental proceedings and other commercial claims. We also routinely receive inquiries from regulators and other government authorities relating to various aspects of our business, including with respect to compliance with laws and regulations relating to the environment, and at any given time, we have matters at various stages of resolution with the applicable governmental authorities. The outcomes of these matters are not within our complete control and may not be known for prolonged periods of time. We do not believe that the results of currently known legal proceedings and inquires will be material to us. There can be no assurance, however, that such proceedings, matters, claims, suits or investigations or those arising in the future, whether taken individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. |
Supplementary Information
Supplementary Information | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Supplementary Information | |
Supplementary Information | Supplementary Information Accounts Receivable, Net Accounts receivable, net as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, consist of: (in millions) 2022 2021 Accounts receivable — trade $ 1,200 $ 950 Accounts receivable — other 228 193 Allowance for credit losses (17) (13) Total accounts receivable $ 1,411 $ 1,130 Write-offs of accounts receivable were immaterial in 2022 and 2021. There were no significant contract assets associated with customers as of December 31, 2022 or 2021. Inventories Inventories as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, consist of: (in millions) 2022 2021 Finished and in process $ 962 $ 688 Raw materials 539 380 Manufacturing supplies 96 104 Total inventories $ 1,597 $ 1,172 PP&E PP&E as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, consists of: (in millions) 2022 2021 Land $ 199 $ 206 Buildings 854 812 Machinery and equipment 4,680 4,637 Property, plant and equipment, at cost 5,733 5,655 Accumulated depreciation (3,326) (3,232) Property, plant and equipment, net $ 2,407 $ 2,423 We recorded capitalized interest to PP&E of $4 million, $4 million and $7 million for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We recognized depreciation expense of $189 million, $194 million and $183 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Accrued Liabilities Accrued liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, consist of: (in millions) 2022 2021 Compensation-related costs $ 112 $ 105 Current lease liabilities 48 47 Dividends payable 47 44 Taxes payable other than income taxes 45 44 Other accrued liabilities 214 190 Total accrued liabilities $ 466 $ 430 There were no significant contract liabilities associated with our customers as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Liabilities for volume discounts and incentives were also not significant as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Other Non-Current Liabilities Other non-current liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, consist of: (in millions) 2022 2021 Deferred tax liabilities $ 145 $ 165 Non-current operating lease liabilities 146 154 Pension and postretirement liabilities 101 123 Other 85 82 Total other non-current liabilities $ 477 $ 524 Supplemental Income Statements Information Research and Development (“R&D”) expense was approximately $52 million in fiscal year 2022 and $43 million in fiscal years 2021 and 2020. Our R&D expense represents investments in new product development and innovation. R&D expense is recorded within Operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Supplemental Cash Flow Information The following represents additional cash flow information for 2022, 2021 and 2020: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Interest paid $ 82 $ 72 $ 78 Income taxes paid 187 168 120 Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) Earnings per share for each quarter and the year are calculated individually and may not sum to the total for the respective year. Summarized quarterly financial data is as follows: (in millions, except per share amounts) 1 st QTR (b) 2 nd QTR (c) 3 rd QTR (d) 4 th QTR (e) 2022 Net sales $ 1,892 $ 2,044 $ 2,023 $ 1,987 Gross profit 379 390 374 351 Net income attributable to Ingredion 130 142 106 114 Basic earnings per common share of Ingredion 1.94 2.14 1.61 1.73 Diluted earnings per common share of Ingredion 1.92 2.12 1.59 1.71 Per share dividends declared $ 0.65 $ 0.65 $ 0.71 $ 0.71 (in millions, except per share amounts) 1 st QTR (f) 2 nd QTR (g) 3 rd QTR (h) 4 th QTR (i) 2021 Net sales $ 1,614 $ 1,762 $ 1,763 $ 1,755 Gross profit 351 367 323 290 Net income attributable to Ingredion (246) 178 118 67 Basic earnings per common share of Ingredion (3.66) 2.65 1.76 1.00 Diluted earnings per common share of Ingredion (3.66) 2.62 1.75 0.99 Per share dividends declared $ 0.64 $ 0.64 $ 0.65 $ 0.65 _____________________ (a) All items in the footnotes below are presented after-tax unless otherwise noted. (b) In the first quarter of 2022, Ingredion recorded $2 million in net restructuring costs, $1 million in acquisition/integration costs and $1 million benefit for tax matters. (c) In the second quarter of 2022, Ingredion recorded $1 million in net restructuring costs and $1 million benefit for tax matters. (d) In the third quarter of 2022, Ingredion recorded $7 million in charges for other matters and $2 million in charges for tax matters. (e) In the fourth quarter of 2022, Ingredion recorded $16 million in benefit for tax matters, $8 million in charges for other matters and $4 million in net acquisition/integration costs. (f) In the first quarter of 2021, Ingredion recorded $360 million in held for sale impairment charges related to the Argentina joint venture with no income tax benefit, $8 million in net restructuring costs, $3 million in charges for tax matters and $1 million in acquisition/integration costs. (g) In the second quarter of 2021, Ingredion recorded $32 million in benefit for tax matters, $10 million in other matters income, $4 million in acquisition/integration costs, $3 million in equity method acquisition benefits and $2 million in net restructuring costs. (h) In the third quarter of 2021, Ingredion recorded a $20 million favorable adjustment to the impairment charges related to the Argentina joint venture with no income tax expense, $7 million in net restructuring costs, $4 million in acquisition/integration costs and $4 million in charges for tax matters. (i) In the fourth quarter of 2021, Ingredion recorded $19 million in net restructuring and impairment costs, $12 million in benefits for other matters, $5 million in benefits for fair value adjustments to equity investments, $4 million in charges for tax matters and $1 million in net acquisition/integration costs. |
Description of the Business a_2
Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Basis of presentation | Basis of presentation : The Consolidated Financial Statements consist of the accounts of Ingredion, including all subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. The preparation of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates and assumptions impact the value of purchase consideration, accounts receivable, inventories, certain investments, goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, legal contingencies, income taxes, and pension and other postretirement benefits, among others. These estimates and assumptions are based on our best estimates and judgment. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We will adjust such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Corn price volatility, adverse changes in the global economic environment, foreign currency devaluations versus the U.S. dollar, and access to credit markets increase the uncertainty inherent in such estimates and assumptions. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in these estimates will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries, other than those whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar, are translated at current exchange rates with the related translation adjustments reported in equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”), and income statement accounts are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. The U.S. dollar is the functional currency for our subsidiaries in Mexico and Argentina, and we translate their monetary assets and liabilities at current exchange rates with the related adjustment included in net income and non-monetary assets and liabilities at historical exchange rates with the related translation adjustments included in AOCL. |
Net Sales | Net sales: Ingredion recognizes revenue under the core principle to depict our transfer of products to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration we expect to receive. To achieve that core principle, we apply the following five-step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied. We identify customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by a master sales agreement, as the contracts with our customers. For each contract, we consider the transfer of products, each of which is distinct, to be the identified performance obligation. In determining the transaction price for the performance obligation, we evaluate whether the price is subject to adjustment to determine the consideration to which we expect to be entitled. The pricing model can be fixed or variable within the contract. The variable pricing model is based on historical commodity pricing and is determinable prior to completing the performance obligation. Additionally, we have certain sales adjustments for volume incentive discounts and other discount arrangements that reduce the transaction price. We estimate the reduction of transaction price using the expected value method based on our analysis of historical volume incentives or discounts over a period considered adequate to account for current pricing and business trends. Historically, actual volume incentives and discounts relative to those estimated and included when determining the transaction price have not materially differed. We accrue volume incentives and discounts in Accrued liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets when we satisfy the performance obligation. We consider the product price as specified in the contract, net of any discounts, as the standalone selling price as it is an observable input that represents the price if we sold the product to a similar customer in similar circumstances. We do not recognize any significant financing components since payment is due shortly after we satisfy our performance obligation. We recognize revenue when we satisfy our performance obligation and control is transferred to the customer, which occurs at a point in time, either upon delivery to an agreed upon location or to the customer. Further, in determining whether control has transferred, we consider if there is a present right to payment and legal title, along with risks and rewards of ownership having transferred to the customer. Shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers represent fulfillment costs and are recorded in Cost of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Taxes assessed by governmental authorities and collected from customers are accounted for on a net basis and excluded from net sales. We expense costs to obtain a contract when we incur the costs since most contracts are one year or less. These costs primarily include our internal sales force compensation. Under the terms of these programs, the compensation is generally earned, and the costs are recognized when we recognize the revenue. From time to time, we may enter into long-term contracts with our customers. Historically, such contracts do not result in significant contract assets or liabilities. Any such arrangements are accounted for in Other assets or Accrued liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
Cash and cash equivalents | Cash and cash equivalents: Cash equivalents consist of all instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less and that have virtually no risk of loss in value. |
Accounts receivable, net | Accounts receivable : Accounts receivable consists of trade and other receivables carried at approximate fair value, net of an allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is determined using our best estimate of expected credit losses based on historical experience and current forecasts of future economic conditions, and we adjust this estimate over the life of the receivable as needed. |
Inventories | Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Costs are predominantly determined using the weighted average method. |
Long-term investments | Long-term investments: We may hold marketable securities and equity investments, which we include in Other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Marketable securities are carried at fair value and we record changes in fair value to Other operating expense (income) in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Equity investments in companies for which we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in Other non-operating (income) in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost, less impairments, if any, and adjusted for observable price changes for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. We perform a qualitative impairment assessment to determine if such investments are impaired, which considers all available information, including declines in the financial performance of the issuing entity, the issuing entity’s operating environment and general market conditions. Impairments of equity securities without readily determinable fair value are recorded in Other non-operating (income) in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Equity investments in companies for which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Our share of the earnings or losses reported by equity method investees is recognized in Other operating expense (income) in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Each reporting period, we evaluate declines in the fair value of equity method investments below carrying value to determine if any are other-than-temporary and if so, we write down the investment to its estimated fair value. Impairments are recognized in Restructuring/impairment charges and related adjustments in the Consolidated Statements of Income. |
Leases | Leases: We determine if an arrangement contains a lease, as well as its classification as an operating lease or finance lease, at the inception of the agreement. Lease assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent Ingredion's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of future lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments. The lease asset value includes in our calculation any prepaid lease payments made and any lease incentives received from the arrangement as a reduction of the asset. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease, and the impact of these options are included in the lease liability and lease asset calculations when the exercise of the option is at our sole discretion and it is reasonably certain that we will exercise the option. We do not separate lease and non-lease components for its leases when it is impracticable to separate them, such as leases with variable payment arrangements. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We have operating leases for certain rail cars, office space, warehouses and machinery and equipment. The commencement date used for the calculation of the lease obligations recorded is the latter of January 1, 2019 or the lease start date. Certain leases have options to extend the life of the lease, which are included in the liability calculation when the option is at our sole discretion and it is reasonably certain that we will exercise the option. We have certain leases that have variable payments based solely on output or usage of the leased asset, which we do not record in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, but expense as incurred. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. |
Property, plant and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets | Property, plant and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets: Property, plant and equipment (“PP&E”) is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and definite-lived intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. For PP&E, depreciation is generally computed on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of depreciable assets, which range from 25 to 50 years for buildings and from two two |
Indefinite-lived intangible assets and Goodwill | Indefinite-lived intangible assets and Goodwill : We have certain indefinite-lived intangible assets in the form of tradenames and trademarks. Our methodology for allocating the purchase price of acquisitions is based on established valuation techniques that reflect the consideration of a number of factors, including valuations performed by third-party appraisers when appropriate. Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the fair value assigned to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. We assess indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill for impairment annually (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise), which we perform as of July 1 of each year. In testing indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment, we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. After assessing the qualitative factors, if we determine that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is greater than its carrying amount, then we are not required to compute the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset. If the qualitative assessment leads us to conclude otherwise, then we are required to determine the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets and perform a quantitative impairment test. In performing the quantitative analysis, we consider various factors, including net sales derived from these intangibles and certain market and industry conditions. In testing goodwill for impairment, we first assess qualitative factors in determining whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. After assessing the qualitative factors, if we determine that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, then we do not perform an impairment test. If we conclude otherwise, then we perform an impairment test that compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of its net assets, goodwill is not considered impaired, and no further testing is required. If the carrying value of the net assets exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then an impairment exists for the difference between the fair value and carrying value of the reporting unit. This difference is not to exceed the goodwill recorded at the reporting unit. |
Hedging instruments | Hedging instruments: We use derivative financial instruments consisting primarily of commodity futures, swaps and option contracts, forward currency contracts and options, interest rate swap agreements and Treasury lock agreements (“T-Locks”). When we enter a derivative contract, we designate the derivative as a hedge of variable cash flows to be paid related to certain forecasted transactions (“a cash flow hedge”), as a hedge of the fair value of certain firm commitments (“a fair value hedge”), or as a non-designated hedging instrument. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as cash flow or fair value hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. For all hedging relationships, we document the hedging relationships and our risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge transactions, the hedging instrument, the hedged item, the nature of the risk being hedged, how we will assess the hedging instrument’s effectiveness in offsetting the hedged risk, and a description of the method to measure ineffectiveness. We also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative that is used in a hedging transactions is highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows or fair values of hedged items. Unrealized gains and losses associated with marking cash flow hedging contracts to market (fair value) are recorded as a component of other comprehensive loss (“OCL”). We discontinue hedge accounting prospectively when it is unlikely that a forecasted transaction will occur or when we determine that the designation of the derivative as a hedging instrument is no longer appropriate, since the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows or fair value of the originally intended hedged transaction. When we discontinue hedge accounting, we continue to carry the derivative on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at its fair value, but we recognize in earnings in the same line item affected by the originally intended hedged transaction any accumulated gains and losses that were included in AOCL in the period we determined the hedge to be ineffective, as well as future gains and losses of the derivative. |
Pension and other postretirement benefits | Pension and other postretirement benefits : All U.S. pension and postretirement benefit plans and most non-U.S. pension and postretirement benefit plans value the vested benefit obligation based on the actuarial present value of the vested benefits to which employees are currently entitled based on their expected date of separation or retirement. For defined benefit plans, the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost is presented within either Cost of sales or Operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of actuarial loss, amortization of prior service credit and settlement loss components of net periodic benefit cost are presented as Other non-operating (income) on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Actuarial gains and losses in excess of 10 percent of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the market-related value of plan assets are classified in AOCL, along with the related tax impact, and recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost over the average remaining service period of a plan’s active employees for active defined benefit pension plans and over the average remaining life of a plan’s active employees for frozen defined benefit pension plans. |
Share-based compensation | Share-based compensation: We have a stock incentive plan that provides for share-based employee compensation, including the granting of stock options, shares of restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance shares to certain key employees. Compensation expense is generally recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income on a straight-line basis for all awards over the employee’s vesting period or over a one-year required service period for certain retirement-eligible employees. We estimate a forfeiture rate at the time of certain grants, and we update the estimate throughout the vesting of certain awards within the amount of compensation costs recognized in each period. |
Earnings per common share | Earnings per common share: Basic earnings per common share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income attributable to Ingredion by the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is calculated using the treasury stock method, computed by dividing net income attributable to Ingredion by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, including the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and other instruments associated with long-term incentive compensation plans. |
Risks and uncertainties | Risks and uncertainties: We operate domestically and internationally, and our business and assets in each country are subject to varying degrees of risk and uncertainty. We insure our business and assets in each country against insurable risks in a manner that we deem appropriate. Because of this geographic dispersion, we believe that a loss from a non-insured event in any one country would not have a material adverse effect on our operations as a whole. Additionally, we believe there is no significant concentration of risk with any single customer or supplier whose failure or non-performance would materially affect our results. |
New Accounting Standards | New Accounting Standards In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting . The amendments in this update provide optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2024. We expect the impact to be insignificant to our Consolidated Financial Statements. In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-04, Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations . The amendments require buyers to disclose information about supplier finance programs that is sufficient to allow financial statement users to understand their nature, activity during the period, changes from period to period and potential magnitude. The amendments in this update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022. We expect the impact of this update will not be material to our Consolidated Financial Statements. |
Intangible Assets (Tables)
Intangible Assets (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Schedule of goodwill | The original carrying value of goodwill and accumulated impairment charges by reportable business segment at December 31, 2022, was as follows: (in millions) North South Asia- EMEA Total Goodwill before impairment charges $ 624 $ 48 $ 323 $ 74 $ 1,069 Accumulated impairment charges (1) (33) (121) — (155) Balance at January 1, 2021 623 15 202 74 914 Acquisitions — — 1 4 5 Currency translation (1) 1 (13) (6) (19) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 622 $ 16 $ 190 $ 72 $ 900 |
Schedule of intangible assets | The following tables summarize our other intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: 2022 (in millions) Gross Accumulated Amortization Net Weighted Average Useful Life Trademarks/tradenames (indefinite-lived) $ 143 $ — $ 143 — Patents 32 (7) 25 12 Customer relationships 356 (150) 206 19 Technology 102 (101) 1 9 Other 43 (17) 26 15 Total other intangible assets $ 676 $ (275) $ 401 17 2021 (in millions) Gross Accumulated Amortization Net Weighted Average Useful Life Trademarks/tradenames (indefinite-lived) $ 143 $ — $ 143 — Patents 33 (4) 29 12 Customer relationships 365 (134) 231 19 Technology 103 (101) 2 9 Other 43 (14) 29 15 Total other intangible assets $ 687 $ (253) $ 434 17 |
Schedule of amortization expense related to intangible assets | Based on acquisitions completed through 2022, intangible asset amortization expense for the next five years is shown below: (in millions) Amortization Expense 2023 $ 26 2024 26 2025 25 2026 25 2027 25 |
Investments (Tables)
Investments (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Investments [Abstract] | |
Schedule of investments | Investments consisted of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: (in millions) 2022 2021 Equity investments $ 23 $ 16 Equity method investments 113 104 Marketable securities 3 12 Total investments $ 139 $ 132 |
Restructuring and Impairment _2
Restructuring and Impairment Charges (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract] | |
Summary of severance accrual | A summary of our severance accrual at December 31, 2022, is as follows ($ in millions): Balance in severance accrual as of December 31, 2021 $ 3 Payments made to terminated employees (3) Balance in severance accrual as of December 31, 2022 $ — |
Derivatives Instruments and H_2
Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Schedule of cash flow hedges included in AOCI | The derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges included in AOCL as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, are reflected below: Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Gains (Losses) included in AOCL as of December 31, 2022 2021 Commodity contracts, net of income tax effect of $3 and $19, respectively $ 8 $ 51 Foreign currency contracts, net of income tax effect of $ — 1 — Interest rate contracts, net of income tax effect of $1 (3) (3) Total $ 6 $ 48 |
Schedule of fair value and balance sheet location of derivative instruments | The fair value and balance sheet location of our derivative instruments, presented gross in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, are reflected below: Fair Value of Hedging Instruments as of December 31, 2022 Designated Hedging Instruments (in millions) Non-Designated Hedging Instruments (in millions) Balance Sheet Location Commodity Contracts Foreign Currency Contracts Total Commodity Contracts Foreign Currency Contracts Total Accounts receivable, net $ 28 $ 20 $ 48 $ — $ 5 $ 5 Other assets 1 6 7 — — — Assets 29 26 55 — 5 5 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 22 23 45 1 6 7 Non-current liabilities 3 9 12 — — — Liabilities 25 32 57 1 6 7 Net Assets/(Liabilities) $ 4 $ (6) $ (2) $ (1) $ (1) $ (2) Fair Value of Hedging Instruments as of December 31, 2021 Designated Hedging Instruments (in millions) Non-Designated Hedging Instruments (in millions) Balance Sheet Location Commodity Contracts Foreign Currency Contracts Total Commodity Contracts Foreign Currency Contracts Total Accounts receivable, net $ 45 $ 9 $ 54 $ 4 $ 3 $ 7 Other assets 7 6 13 — 0 0 Assets 52 15 67 4 3 7 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 5 12 17 2 4 6 Non-current liabilities 2 6 8 — 1 1 Liabilities 7 18 25 2 5 7 Net Assets/(Liabilities) $ 45 $ (3) $ 42 $ 2 $ (2) $ — |
Schedule of amount of gains and losses recognized in OCI and income statement location | Additional information relating to Ingredion’s derivative instruments is presented below: Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Gains (Losses) Income Statement Gains (Losses) 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 Commodity contracts $ 202 $ 218 $ 17 Cost of sales $ 261 $ 211 $ (62) Foreign currency contracts 8 — (7) Net sales/Cost of sales 7 (1) (2) Interest rate contracts — — (5) Financing costs — (1) (1) Total $ 210 $ 218 $ 5 $ 268 $ 209 $ (65) |
Schedule of location and amount of gain (loss) recognized in income | Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships Income Statement Location of Derivatives Designated as Gains (Losses) Recognized in Income Income Statement Location of Hedged Items Gains (Losses) Recognized in Income 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 Interest rate contracts Financing costs $ — $ — $ (1) Financing costs $ — $ — $ 1 |
Fair Value Measurements (Tables
Fair Value Measurements (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] | |
Schedule of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis | Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are presented below: As of December 31, 2022 As of December 31, 2021 (in millions) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Marketable Securities $ 3 $ 3 $ — $ — $ 12 $ 12 $ — $ — Derivative assets 60 49 11 — 74 49 25 — Derivative liabilities 64 51 13 — 32 22 10 — Long-term debt 1,733 — 1,733 — 1,957 — 1,957 — |
Financing Arrangements (Tables)
Financing Arrangements (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Schedule of debt | Presented below are our debt carrying amounts, net of related discounts, premiums and debt issuance costs and fair values as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: 2022 2021 (in millions) Carrying Fair Carrying Fair 2.900% senior notes due June 1, 2030 $ 595 $ 510 $ 595 $ 619 3.200% senior notes due October 1, 2026 498 470 498 531 3.900% senior notes due June 1, 2050 390 293 390 455 6.625% senior notes due April 15, 2037 253 256 253 350 Term loan credit agreement due December 16, 2024 200 200 — — Revolving credit agreement — — — — Other long-term borrowings 4 4 2 2 Total long-term debt 1,940 1,733 1,738 1,957 Commercial paper 390 390 250 250 Other short-term borrowings 153 153 58 58 Total short-term borrowings 543 543 308 308 Total debt $ 2,483 $ 2,276 $ 2,046 $ 2,265 |
Leases (Tables)
Leases (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Leases [Abstract] | |
Summary of components of lease expense | The components of lease expense for the indicated periods were as follows: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Operating lease cost $ 59 $ 58 $ 58 Variable operating lease cost 27 26 29 Short term lease cost 3 4 4 Lease expense $ 89 $ 88 $ 91 |
Reconciliation of future undiscounted cash flows to the operating lease liabilities and the related ROU assets | The following is a reconciliation of future undiscounted cash flows to the operating lease liabilities and the related operating lease assets as presented within Other non-current liabilities and Other assets, respectively, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 ($ in millions): 2023 $ 54 2024 44 2025 34 2026 28 2027 17 Thereafter 37 Total future lease payments 214 Less imputed interest 20 Present value of future lease payments 194 Less current lease liabilities 48 Non-current operating lease liabilities $ 146 Operating lease assets $ 187 |
Summary of other lease information | Additional information related to our operating leases is listed below. Other Information Year Ended ($ in millions) 2022 2021 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 60 $ 58 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities: Operating leases $ 52 $ 77 As of As of Weighted average remaining lease term: Operating leases 5.9 years 6.5 years Weighted average discount rate: Operating leases 4.4 % 4.0 % |
Income Taxes (Tables)
Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Schedule of the components of income before income taxes | The components of income before income taxes and the provision for income taxes for the years indicated are shown below: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Income before income taxes: U.S. $ 111 $ 39 $ (15) Foreign 557 209 521 Total income before income taxes 668 248 506 Provision for income taxes: Current tax expense: U.S. federal 8 2 1 State and local 2 2 2 Foreign 159 180 156 Total current tax expense 169 184 159 Deferred tax expense (benefit): U.S. federal 5 (57) (18) State and local (1) (2) (1) Foreign (7) (2) 12 Total deferred tax (benefit) (3) (61) (7) Total provision for income taxes $ 166 $ 123 $ 152 |
Schedule of the tax effects of significant temporary difference | Significant temporary differences as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, are summarized as follows: (in millions) 2022 2021 Deferred tax assets attributable to: Employee benefit accruals $ 30 $ 28 Pensions and postretirement plans 14 14 Lease liabilities 49 49 Bad debt 6 14 Inventory reserve 22 13 Net operating loss carryforwards 59 64 Tax credit carryforwards 5 18 Other 42 36 Total deferred tax assets 227 236 Valuation allowances (51) (67) Net deferred tax assets 176 169 Deferred tax liabilities attributable to: Property, plant and equipment 175 175 Identified intangibles 48 47 Right-of-use lease assets 46 46 Foreign withholding and state taxes on unremitted earnings 1 1 Goodwill 31 27 Brazilian indirect tax credits 4 5 Derivative contracts 3 19 Total deferred tax liabilities 308 320 Net deferred tax liabilities $ 132 $ 151 |
Schedule of reconciliation of US federal statutory tax rate to effective tax rate | A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to our effective tax rate follows: 2022 2021 2020 Provision for tax at U.S. statutory rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 % Tax rate difference on foreign income 7.2 13.3 9.1 Foreign currency FX (0.3) 3.2 1.2 Inflation adjustments (0.6) (4.0) (0.8) Tax benefit of intercompany financing (0.4) (1.6) (0.8) U.S. international tax implications 2.2 0.8 0.6 Valuation allowance in Argentina — (0.4) (0.6) Favorable judgment on the treatment of credits and interest on indirect taxes (0.3) (4.8) (0.6) Unremitted earnings — (12.1) — Impairment charge related to Argentina joint venture — 35.5 — Foreign-derived intangible income (FDII) (1.0) — — Brazil exclusion of certain tax incentives (4.0) — — Other items, net 1.1 (1.3) 0.9 Provision at effective tax rate 24.9 % 49.6 % 30.0 % |
Schedule of reconciliation of beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties | A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, for 2022 and 2021 is as follows: (in millions) 2022 2021 Balance at January 1 $ 29 $ 46 Additions for tax positions related to prior years 5 2 Reductions for tax positions related to prior years (1) (9) Additions based on tax positions related to the current year 1 2 Reductions related to a lapse in the statute of limitations (4) (12) Balance at December 31 $ 30 $ 29 |
Pension and Other Postretirem_2
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Pension Plan | |
Pension and other postretirement benefits | |
Schedule of funded status | The changes in pension benefit obligations and plan assets during 2022 and 2021, as well as the funded status and the amounts recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets related to our pension plans at December 31, 2022 and 2021, were as follows: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans (in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Benefit obligation At January 1 $ 383 $ 409 $ 254 $ 275 Service cost 4 4 3 4 Interest cost 9 8 9 9 Benefits paid (25) (24) (13) (13) Actuarial (gain) loss (71) (14) (49) (15) Curtailment/settlement/amendments — — (2) (1) Foreign currency translation — — (14) (5) Benefit obligation at December 31 $ 300 $ 383 $ 188 $ 254 Fair value of plan assets At January 1 $ 420 $ 439 $ 244 $ 249 Actual return on plan assets (79) 4 (30) 3 Employer contributions 1 1 5 7 Benefits paid (25) (24) (13) (13) Plan settlements — — (2) (1) Foreign currency translation — — (15) (1) Fair value of plan assets at December 31 $ 317 $ 420 $ 189 $ 244 Funded status $ 17 $ 37 $ 1 $ (10) |
Schedule of amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets | Amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans (in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Non-current asset $ 25 $ 47 $ 43 $ 44 Current liabilities (1) (1) (1) (1) Non-current liabilities (7) (9) (41) (53) Net asset (liability) recognized $ 17 $ 37 $ 1 $ (10) |
Schedule of amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss | Amounts recorded in AOCL, excluding tax effects that have not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost at December 31, 2022 and 2021, were as follows: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans (in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Net actuarial loss $ 36 $ 11 $ 24 $ 38 Transition obligation — — — — Prior service (credit) cost (3) (4) — — Net amount recognized $ 33 $ 7 $ 24 $ 38 |
Schedule of plan obligations and assets for plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets | Information for pension plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets and an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets was as follows: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans (in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Projected benefit obligation $ (8) $ (10) $ (45) $ (57) Accumulated benefit obligation (8) (9) (35) (48) Fair value of plan assets — — 3 3 |
Components of net periodic benefit cost | Components of net periodic benefit cost consist of the following for 2022, 2021 and 2020: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 Service cost $ 4 $ 4 $ 5 $ 3 $ 4 $ 4 Interest cost 9 8 11 9 9 10 Expected return on plan assets (16) (17) (21) (7) (8) (8) Amortization of actuarial loss — — — 1 2 2 Amortization of prior service credit (1) (1) (1) — — — Net periodic benefit cost $ (4) $ (6) $ (6) $ 6 $ 7 $ 8 |
Schedule of amounts recorded in other comprehensive income and net periodic benefit cost | Total amounts recorded in other comprehensive income and net periodic benefit cost were as follows: (in millions, pre-tax) U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 Net actuarial (gain) loss $ 25 $ (1) $ (3) $ (11) $ (11) $ 1 Prior service cost — — — — — — Amortization of actuarial loss — — — (1) (2) (2) Amortization of prior service credit 1 1 1 — — — Foreign currency translation — — — (2) (11) — Total recorded in other comprehensive income 26 — (2) (14) (24) (1) Net periodic benefit cost (4) (6) (6) 6 7 8 Total recorded in other comprehensive income and net periodic benefit cost $ 22 $ (6) $ (8) $ (8) $ (17) $ 7 |
Schedule of weighted average assumptions used to determine the company's obligations | The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine our obligations for the pension plans for the given years: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans 2022 2021 2022 2021 Discount rate 5.19 % 2.91 % 5.66 % 3.47 % Rate of compensation increase 3.92 4.18 3.83 3.67 Cash balance interest credit rate 4.21 4.11 — — |
Schedule of weighted average assumptions used to determine the company's net periodic benefit cost | The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine our net periodic benefit cost for the pension plans for the given years: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 Discount rate 2.91 % 2.58 % 3.34 % 3.66 % 2.84 % 3.55 % Expected long-term return on plan assets 4.10 4.10 5.30 3.50 3.37 3.81 Rate of compensation increase 4.18 4.26 4.21 3.77 3.54 3.68 Cash balance interest crediting rate 4.11 3.76 4.16 — — — |
Schedule of weighted average asset allocation | Our weighted average asset allocations as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, for U.S. and non-U.S. pension plan assets are as follows: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans Asset Category 2022 2021 2022 2021 Equity securities 11 % 14 % 8 % 18 % Debt securities 87 85 77 57 Cash and other 2 1 15 25 Total 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % |
Schedule of fair values of the company's plan assets, by asset category and level | The fair values of our plan assets by asset category are as follows: Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 NAV Level 1 Level 2 Total (in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 U.S. Plans: Equity index: U.S. (a) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 22 $ 37 $ 22 $ 37 International (b) — — — — 14 22 14 22 Fixed income index: Long bond (c) — — — — 127 179 127 179 Long government bond (d) — — — — 89 109 89 109 Other fixed income (e) 59 69 — — — — 59 69 Cash & Short-term Investments (f) — — — — 6 4 6 4 Total U.S. Plans $ 59 $ 69 $ — $ — $ 258 $ 351 $ 317 $ 420 Non-U.S. Plans: Equity index: U.S. (a) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 9 $ 26 $ 9 $ 26 International (b) — — — — 6 17 6 17 Fixed income index: Short bond (g) — — — — 25 34 25 34 Intermediate bond (h) — — — — 51 45 51 45 Long bond (i) — — — — 69 93 69 93 Other (j) — — — — 22 21 22 21 Cash & Short-term Investments (f) — — 2 8 5 — 7 8 Total Non-U.S. Plans $ — $ — $ 2 $ 8 $ 187 $ 236 $ 189 $ 244 ______________________ (a) This category consists of both passively and actively managed equity index funds that track the return of large capitalization U.S. equities. (b) This category consists of both passively and actively managed equity index funds that track an index of returns on international developed market equities. (c) This category consists of an actively managed fixed income index fund that invests in a diversified portfolio of fixed-income corporate securities with maturities generally exceeding 10 years. (d) This category consists of an actively managed fixed income index fund that invests in a diversified portfolio of fixed-income U.S. treasury securities with maturities generally exceeding 10 years. (e) This category consists of an actively managed common collective fund that invests in government bonds, collateralized mortgage obligations, investment grade private credit and real estate debt. This fund is priced monthly at the aggregated market value of the underlying investments and can be fully redeemed with 95 days notification. (f) This category represents cash, cash equivalents, or highly liquid short-term investments. (g) This category consists of both passively and actively managed fixed income index funds that track the return of short-duration government and investment grade corporate bonds. (h) This category consists of both passively and actively managed fixed income index funds that track the return of intermediate duration government and investment grade corporate bonds. (i) This category consists of both passively and actively managed fixed income index funds that track the return of government bonds and investment grade corporate bonds. (j) This category mainly consists of investment products provided by insurance companies that offer returns that are subject to a minimum guarantee and mutual funds. |
Schedule of benefit payments, which reflect anticipated future service, as appropriate and are expected to be made | The following benefit payments to beneficiaries, which reflect anticipated future service, as appropriate, are expected to be made in the following years: (in millions) U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans 2023 26 14 2024 25 13 2025 25 13 2026 25 13 2027 26 14 Years 2028 - 2032 115 78 |
Postemployment Retirement Benefits | |
Pension and other postretirement benefits | |
Schedule of funded status | The information presented below includes plans in the U.S., Brazil and Canada. The changes in the benefit obligations of the plans during 2022 and 2021, as well as the amounts recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2022 and 2021, are as follows: (in millions) 2022 2021 Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation At January 1 $ 65 $ 68 Service cost 1 1 Interest cost 3 2 Amendments — 4 Actuarial (gain) loss (7) (5) Benefits paid (4) (4) Foreign currency translation — (1) At December 31 58 65 Fair value of plan assets — — Funded status $ (58) $ (65) |
Schedule of amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets | Amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2022 and 2021 consist of: (in millions) 2022 2021 Current liabilities $ (5) $ (4) Non-current liabilities (53) (61) Net liability recognized $ (58) $ (65) |
Schedule of amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss | Amounts recorded in AOCL, excluding tax effects that have not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost at December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: (in millions) 2022 2021 Net actuarial loss $ 1 $ 8 Prior service cost 5 5 Net amount recognized $ 6 $ 13 |
Components of net periodic benefit cost | Components of net periodic benefit cost consisted of the following for 2022, 2021 and 2020: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Service cost $ 1 $ 1 $ — Interest cost 3 2 3 Amortization of actuarial loss — 1 1 Amortization of prior service credit — (2) (2) Net periodic benefit cost $ 4 $ 2 $ 2 |
Schedule of amounts recorded in other comprehensive income and net periodic benefit cost | Total amounts recorded in other comprehensive income and net periodic benefit cost for 2022, 2021 and 2020 was as follows: (in millions, pre-tax) 2022 2021 2020 Net actuarial loss (gain) $ (7) $ (5) $ 4 Prior service cost — 4 — Amortization of prior service credit — 2 2 Amortization of actuarial loss — (1) (1) Foreign currency translation — (4) — Total recorded in other comprehensive income (7) (4) 5 Net periodic benefit cost 4 2 2 Total recorded in other comprehensive income and net periodic benefit cost $ (3) $ (2) $ 7 |
Schedule of weighted average assumptions used to determine the company's obligations | The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine our obligations under the postretirement plans for 2022 and 2021: 2022 2021 Discount rate 7.30 % 4.22 % |
Schedule of weighted average assumptions used to determine the company's net periodic benefit cost | The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine our net postretirement benefit cost: 2022 2021 2020 Discount rate 4.22 % 3.69 % 4.42 % |
Schedule of assumptions made in measuring the company's postretirement benefit obligation | The following assumptions were used as of December 31, 2022: U.S. Canada Brazil 2022 increase in per capita cost 6.82 % 4.82 % 8.68 % Ultimate trend 4.50 % 4.05 % 8.68 % Year ultimate trend reached 2032 2040 2022 |
Schedule of benefit payments, which reflect anticipated future service, as appropriate and are expected to be made | The following benefit payments to beneficiaries, which reflect anticipated future service, as appropriate, are expected to be made under Ingredion’s postretirement benefit plans: (in millions) 2023 $ 5 2024 4 2025 4 2026 4 2027 4 Years 2028 - 2032 21 |
Equity (Tables)
Equity (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract] | |
Schedule of reconciliation of common stock share activity | Set forth below is a reconciliation of common stock share activity for 2022, 2021 and 2020: (Shares of common stock, in thousands) Issued Held in Treasury Outstanding Balance at December 31, 2019 77,811 10,993 66,818 Issuance of restricted stock units as compensation — (69) 69 Performance shares and other share-based awards — (5) 5 Stock options exercised — (124) 124 Purchase/acquisition of treasury stock — — — Balance at December 31, 2020 77,811 10,795 67,016 Issuance of restricted stock units as compensation — (69) 69 Performance shares and other share-based awards — (6) 6 Stock options exercised — (331) 331 Purchase/acquisition of treasury stock — 765 (765) Balance at December 31, 2021 77,811 11,154 66,657 Issuance of restricted stock units as compensation — (95) 95 Performance shares and other share-based awards — (43) 43 Stock options exercised — (182) 182 Purchase/acquisition of treasury stock — 1,283 (1,283) Balance at December 31, 2022 77,811 12,117 65,694 |
Schedule of stock based compensation expense | The following table summarizes the components of our share-based compensation expense for 2022, 2021 and 2020: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Stock options: Pre-tax compensation expense $ 4 $ 3 $ 4 Income tax benefit — — — Stock option expense, net of income taxes 4 3 4 Restricted stock units ("RSUs"): Pre-tax compensation expense 13 12 12 Income tax benefit (1) (1) (1) RSUs, net of income taxes 12 11 11 Performance shares and other share-based awards: Pre-tax compensation expense 12 8 7 Income tax benefit (1) (1) (1) Performance shares and other share-based compensation expense, net of income taxes 11 7 6 Total share-based compensation: Pre-tax compensation expense 29 23 23 Income tax benefit (2) (2) (2) Total share-based compensation expense, net of income taxes $ 27 $ 21 $ 21 |
Schedule of valuation assumptions for stock options | The fair value of each option grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Expected life (in years) 5.5 5.5 5.5 Risk-free interest rate 2.0 % 0.6 % 1.4 % Expected volatility 23.8 % 23.2 % 19.8 % Expected dividend yield 2.9 % 2.9 % 2.9 % |
Schedule of stock option transactions | A summary of stock option transactions in 2022 is as follows: Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 2,154 $ 90.39 5.26 $ 26 Granted 281 88.66 Exercised (182) 61.90 Cancelled (31) 103.55 Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 2,222 $ 92.32 5.16 $ 24 Exercisable as of December 31, 2022 1,651 $ 93.79 4.03 $ 18 |
Schedule of additional information pertaining to stock option activity | Additional information pertaining to stock option activity is as follows: Year Ended December 31, (dollars in millions, except per share) 2022 2021 2020 Weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted (per share) $ 15.04 $ 12.31 $ 11.48 Total intrinsic value of stock options exercised 6 10 5 |
Schedule of restricted unit activity | The following table summarizes RSU activity in 2022: (shares in thousands) Number of Weighted Non-vested at December 31, 2021 486 $ 88.34 Granted 213 88.80 Vested (132) 90.74 Cancelled (50) 87.14 Non-vested at December 31, 2022 517 $ 88.04 |
Summary of net changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss | A summary of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for 2022, 2021 and 2020, is presented below: (in millions) Cumulative Translation Adjustment Hedging Activities Pension and Postretirement Adjustment AOCL Balance, December 31, 2019 $ (1,089) $ (9) $ (60) $ (1,158) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassification adjustments (25) 5 (2) (22) Loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — 65 — 65 Tax (provision) benefit — (19) 1 (18) Net other comprehensive (loss) income (25) 51 (1) 25 Balance, December 31, 2020 (1,114) 42 (61) (1,133) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassification adjustments (100) 218 28 146 Loss (gain) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss 311 (209) — 102 Tax (provision) — (3) (9) (12) Net other comprehensive income 211 6 19 236 Balance, December 31, 2021 (903) 48 (42) (897) Other comprehensive (loss) gain before reclassification adjustments (105) 210 (5) 100 (Gain) loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — (268) — (268) Tax benefit — 16 1 17 Net other comprehensive income (105) (42) (4) (151) Balance, December 31, 2022 $ (1,008) $ 6 $ (46) $ (1,048) |
Schedule of basic and diluted earnings per common share | The following table provides the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share (“EPS”) for the periods presented. 2022 2021 2020 (in millions, except per share amounts) Net Income Weighted Per Net Income Weighted Per Net Income Weighted Per Basic EPS $ 492 66.2 $ 7.43 $ 117 67.1 $ 1.74 $ 348 67.2 $ 5.18 Effect of Dilutive Securities: Incremental shares from assumed exercise of dilutive stock options and vesting of dilutive RSUs and other awards 0.8 0.7 0.4 Diluted EPS $ 492 67.0 $ 7.34 $ 117 67.8 $ 1.73 $ 348 67.6 $ 5.15 |
Information by Segment and Ge_2
Information by Segment and Geographic Region (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |
Schedule of segment reporting of net sales, operating income and total assets | Presented below are Ingredion’s net sales to unaffiliated customers by reportable segment for the years indicated: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Net sales to unaffiliated customers: North America $ 4,934 $ 4,137 $ 3,662 South America 1,124 1,057 919 Asia-Pacific 1,107 997 813 EMEA 781 703 593 Total net sales $ 7,946 $ 6,894 $ 5,987 Presented below is our operating income by reportable segment for the years indicated: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Operating income: North America $ 565 $ 487 $ 487 South America 169 138 112 Asia-Pacific 93 87 80 EMEA 110 106 102 Corporate (150) (133) (122) Subtotal 787 685 659 Acquisition/integration costs (1) (3) (11) Restructuring/impairment charges (4) (47) (93) Impairment on disposition of assets — (340) — Other matters (20) 15 27 Total operating income $ 762 $ 310 $ 582 Presented below are our total assets by reportable segment as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: As of December 31, (in millions) 2022 2021 Assets: North America (a) $ 4,499 $ 4,203 South America 949 799 Asia-Pacific 1,467 1,403 EMEA 646 594 Total assets $ 7,561 $ 6,999 _____________________ (a) For purposes of presentation, North America includes Corporate assets. Presented below are our depreciation and amortization, mechanical stores expense and capital expenditures and mechanical stores purchases by reportable segment: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Depreciation and amortization: North America (a) $ 145 $ 146 $ 147 South America 18 18 19 Asia-Pacific 37 40 32 EMEA 15 16 15 Total $ 215 $ 220 $ 213 Mechanical stores expense (b): North America (a) $ 43 $ 43 $ 39 South America 4 6 7 Asia-Pacific 4 3 4 EMEA 4 3 4 Total $ 55 $ 55 $ 54 Capital expenditures and mechanical stores purchases: North America (a) $ 178 $ 166 $ 243 South America 31 38 39 Asia-Pacific 72 81 46 EMEA 19 15 12 Total $ 300 $ 300 $ 340 _____________________ (a) North America includes Corporate activities. (b) Represents costs for spare parts used in the production process that are recorded in PP&E as part of machinery and equipment until they are utilized in the manufacturing process and expensed as a period cost. |
Schedule of net sales to unaffiliated customers by country of origin | The following table presents net sales to unaffiliated customers by country of origin for the years indicated: Net Sales (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 U.S. $ 2,978 $ 2,509 $ 2,284 Mexico 1,444 1,170 984 Brazil 720 586 447 Canada 512 459 393 Korea 356 323 268 Others 1,936 1,847 1,611 Total $ 7,946 $ 6,894 $ 5,987 |
Schedule of long-lived assets (excluding intangible assets) by country | The following table presents long-lived assets (excluding intangible assets and deferred income taxes) by country as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: Long-lived Assets (in millions) 2022 2021 U.S. $ 1,289 $ 1,317 Mexico 309 320 Canada 273 272 Brazil 209 189 Thailand 153 156 China 144 128 Germany 126 135 Others 435 423 Total $ 2,938 $ 2,940 |
Supplementary Information (Tabl
Supplementary Information (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Supplementary Information | |
Schedule of accounts receivable, net | Accounts receivable, net as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, consist of: (in millions) 2022 2021 Accounts receivable — trade $ 1,200 $ 950 Accounts receivable — other 228 193 Allowance for credit losses (17) (13) Total accounts receivable $ 1,411 $ 1,130 |
Schedule of inventories | Inventories as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, consist of: (in millions) 2022 2021 Finished and in process $ 962 $ 688 Raw materials 539 380 Manufacturing supplies 96 104 Total inventories $ 1,597 $ 1,172 |
Schedule of PP&E | PP&E as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, consists of: (in millions) 2022 2021 Land $ 199 $ 206 Buildings 854 812 Machinery and equipment 4,680 4,637 Property, plant and equipment, at cost 5,733 5,655 Accumulated depreciation (3,326) (3,232) Property, plant and equipment, net $ 2,407 $ 2,423 |
Schedule of accrued liabilities | Accrued liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, consist of: (in millions) 2022 2021 Compensation-related costs $ 112 $ 105 Current lease liabilities 48 47 Dividends payable 47 44 Taxes payable other than income taxes 45 44 Other accrued liabilities 214 190 Total accrued liabilities $ 466 $ 430 |
Schedule of other non-current liabilities | Other non-current liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, consist of: (in millions) 2022 2021 Deferred tax liabilities $ 145 $ 165 Non-current operating lease liabilities 146 154 Pension and postretirement liabilities 101 123 Other 85 82 Total other non-current liabilities $ 477 $ 524 |
Schedule of supplemental cash flow information | The following represents additional cash flow information for 2022, 2021 and 2020: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Interest paid $ 82 $ 72 $ 78 Income taxes paid 187 168 120 |
Schedule of quarterly financial data | Earnings per share for each quarter and the year are calculated individually and may not sum to the total for the respective year. Summarized quarterly financial data is as follows: (in millions, except per share amounts) 1 st QTR (b) 2 nd QTR (c) 3 rd QTR (d) 4 th QTR (e) 2022 Net sales $ 1,892 $ 2,044 $ 2,023 $ 1,987 Gross profit 379 390 374 351 Net income attributable to Ingredion 130 142 106 114 Basic earnings per common share of Ingredion 1.94 2.14 1.61 1.73 Diluted earnings per common share of Ingredion 1.92 2.12 1.59 1.71 Per share dividends declared $ 0.65 $ 0.65 $ 0.71 $ 0.71 (in millions, except per share amounts) 1 st QTR (f) 2 nd QTR (g) 3 rd QTR (h) 4 th QTR (i) 2021 Net sales $ 1,614 $ 1,762 $ 1,763 $ 1,755 Gross profit 351 367 323 290 Net income attributable to Ingredion (246) 178 118 67 Basic earnings per common share of Ingredion (3.66) 2.65 1.76 1.00 Diluted earnings per common share of Ingredion (3.66) 2.62 1.75 0.99 Per share dividends declared $ 0.64 $ 0.64 $ 0.65 $ 0.65 _____________________ (a) All items in the footnotes below are presented after-tax unless otherwise noted. (b) In the first quarter of 2022, Ingredion recorded $2 million in net restructuring costs, $1 million in acquisition/integration costs and $1 million benefit for tax matters. (c) In the second quarter of 2022, Ingredion recorded $1 million in net restructuring costs and $1 million benefit for tax matters. (d) In the third quarter of 2022, Ingredion recorded $7 million in charges for other matters and $2 million in charges for tax matters. (e) In the fourth quarter of 2022, Ingredion recorded $16 million in benefit for tax matters, $8 million in charges for other matters and $4 million in net acquisition/integration costs. (f) In the first quarter of 2021, Ingredion recorded $360 million in held for sale impairment charges related to the Argentina joint venture with no income tax benefit, $8 million in net restructuring costs, $3 million in charges for tax matters and $1 million in acquisition/integration costs. (g) In the second quarter of 2021, Ingredion recorded $32 million in benefit for tax matters, $10 million in other matters income, $4 million in acquisition/integration costs, $3 million in equity method acquisition benefits and $2 million in net restructuring costs. (h) In the third quarter of 2021, Ingredion recorded a $20 million favorable adjustment to the impairment charges related to the Argentina joint venture with no income tax expense, $7 million in net restructuring costs, $4 million in acquisition/integration costs and $4 million in charges for tax matters. (i) In the fourth quarter of 2021, Ingredion recorded $19 million in net restructuring and impairment costs, $12 million in benefits for other matters, $5 million in benefits for fair value adjustments to equity investments, $4 million in charges for tax matters and $1 million in net acquisition/integration costs. |
Description of the Business a_3
Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Property, Plant and Equipment and Definite-Lived Intangible Assets (Details) | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | |
Property, plant and equipment and depreciation | ||
Estimated useful life, definite-lived intangible assets | 17 years | 17 years |
Minimum | ||
Property, plant and equipment and depreciation | ||
Estimated useful life, definite-lived intangible assets | 2 years | |
Maximum | ||
Property, plant and equipment and depreciation | ||
Estimated useful life, definite-lived intangible assets | 30 years | |
Buildings | Minimum | ||
Property, plant and equipment and depreciation | ||
Estimated useful life, PP&E | 25 years | |
Buildings | Maximum | ||
Property, plant and equipment and depreciation | ||
Estimated useful life, PP&E | 50 years | |
Other property, plant and equipment | Minimum | ||
Property, plant and equipment and depreciation | ||
Estimated useful life, PP&E | 2 years | |
Other property, plant and equipment | Maximum | ||
Property, plant and equipment and depreciation | ||
Estimated useful life, PP&E | 25 years |
Description of the Business a_4
Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Details) $ in Millions | Jul. 01, 2022 USD ($) |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment | $ 0 |
Goodwill impairment | $ 0 |
Acquisitions - PureCircle Narra
Acquisitions - PureCircle Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |||
Jul. 01, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Acquisitions | ||||
Purchases of non-controlling interests | $ 46 | $ 0 | $ 0 | |
Payment for acquisition, net of cash acquired | $ 29 | $ 40 | $ 236 | |
PureCircle Limited | ||||
Acquisitions | ||||
Ownership percentage by parent | 75% | 87% | 75% | |
PureCircle Limited | ||||
Acquisitions | ||||
Purchases of non-controlling interests | $ 46 | |||
Payment for acquisition, net of cash acquired | $ 208 | |||
Cash acquired | $ 14 |
Acquisitions - Mannitab Pharma
Acquisitions - Mannitab Pharma Specialties (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |||
Dec. 01, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Acquisitions | ||||
Payment for acquisition, net of cash acquired | $ 29 | $ 40 | $ 236 | |
M.B. Sugars and Pharmaceuticals Limited | ||||
Acquisitions | ||||
Percentage of acquiree | 65% | |||
Payment for acquisition, net of cash acquired | $ 22 | |||
Other assets, preliminary amount recognized | $ 22 |
Acquisitions - Amishi (Details)
Acquisitions - Amishi (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |||
Aug. 01, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Acquisitions | ||||
Payment for acquisition, net of cash acquired | $ 29 | $ 40 | $ 236 | |
Intangible assets | $ 1,301 | $ 1,348 | ||
Amishi Drugs And Chemicals Private Limited | ||||
Acquisitions | ||||
Payment for acquisition, net of cash acquired | $ 7 | |||
Intangible assets | $ 3 |
Acquisitions - KaTech (Details)
Acquisitions - KaTech (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |||
Apr. 01, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Acquisitions | ||||
Payment for acquisition, net of cash acquired | $ 29 | $ 40 | $ 236 | |
Goodwill | $ 900 | $ 914 | ||
KaTech | ||||
Acquisitions | ||||
Payment for acquisition, net of cash acquired | $ 40 | |||
Goodwill | 26 | |||
Tangible assets | $ 14 |
Acquisitions - Verdient (Detail
Acquisitions - Verdient (Details) $ in Millions, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |||||
Nov. 03, 2020 USD ($) | Nov. 03, 2020 CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) | Nov. 02, 2020 | |
Acquisitions | ||||||
Payment for acquisition, net of cash acquired | $ 29 | $ 40 | $ 236 | |||
Goodwill | $ 900 | $ 914 | ||||
Verdient Foods, Inc. | ||||||
Acquisitions | ||||||
Ownership percentage | 20% | |||||
Verdient Foods, Inc. | ||||||
Acquisitions | ||||||
Additional percentage of outstanding shares acquired | 80% | 80% | ||||
Payment for acquisition, net of cash acquired | $ 26 | $ 33 | ||||
Goodwill | 15 | |||||
Tangible assets | $ 14 |
Acquisitions - Pre-Tax Acquisit
Acquisitions - Pre-Tax Acquisition and Integration Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract] | |||
Pre-tax acquisition and integration costs | $ 1 | $ 5 | $ 11 |
Intangible Assets - Goodwill (D
Intangible Assets - Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Jul. 01, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | |
Carrying value of goodwill | |||
Goodwill before impairment charges | $ 1,069 | ||
Accumulated impairment charges | (155) | ||
Balance at the beginning of the period | $ 914 | ||
Acquisitions | 5 | ||
Currency translation | (19) | ||
Balance at the end of the period | 900 | ||
Goodwill impairment | $ 0 | ||
North America | |||
Carrying value of goodwill | |||
Goodwill before impairment charges | 624 | ||
Accumulated impairment charges | (1) | ||
Balance at the beginning of the period | 623 | ||
Acquisitions | 0 | ||
Currency translation | (1) | ||
Balance at the end of the period | 622 | ||
South America | |||
Carrying value of goodwill | |||
Goodwill before impairment charges | 48 | ||
Accumulated impairment charges | (33) | ||
Balance at the beginning of the period | 15 | ||
Acquisitions | 0 | ||
Currency translation | 1 | ||
Balance at the end of the period | 16 | ||
Asia- Pacific | |||
Carrying value of goodwill | |||
Goodwill before impairment charges | 323 | ||
Accumulated impairment charges | (121) | ||
Balance at the beginning of the period | 202 | ||
Acquisitions | 1 | ||
Currency translation | (13) | ||
Balance at the end of the period | 190 | ||
EMEA | |||
Carrying value of goodwill | |||
Goodwill before impairment charges | 74 | ||
Accumulated impairment charges | $ 0 | ||
Balance at the beginning of the period | 74 | ||
Acquisitions | 4 | ||
Currency translation | (6) | ||
Balance at the end of the period | $ 72 |
Intangible Assets - Other Intan
Intangible Assets - Other Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | |
Gross | ||
Total other intangible assets, gross | $ 676 | $ 687 |
Accumulated Amortization | (275) | (253) |
Net | ||
Total other intangible assets, net | $ 401 | $ 434 |
Weighted Average Useful Life (years) | 17 years | 17 years |
Patents | ||
Gross | ||
Finite-lived intangible assets, gross | $ 32 | $ 33 |
Accumulated Amortization | (7) | (4) |
Net | ||
Finite-lived intangible assets, net | $ 25 | $ 29 |
Weighted Average Useful Life (years) | 12 years | 12 years |
Customer relationships | ||
Gross | ||
Finite-lived intangible assets, gross | $ 356 | $ 365 |
Accumulated Amortization | (150) | (134) |
Net | ||
Finite-lived intangible assets, net | $ 206 | $ 231 |
Weighted Average Useful Life (years) | 19 years | 19 years |
Technology | ||
Gross | ||
Finite-lived intangible assets, gross | $ 102 | $ 103 |
Accumulated Amortization | (101) | (101) |
Net | ||
Finite-lived intangible assets, net | $ 1 | $ 2 |
Weighted Average Useful Life (years) | 9 years | 9 years |
Other | ||
Gross | ||
Finite-lived intangible assets, gross | $ 43 | $ 43 |
Accumulated Amortization | (17) | (14) |
Net | ||
Finite-lived intangible assets, net | $ 26 | $ 29 |
Weighted Average Useful Life (years) | 15 years | 15 years |
Trademarks/tradenames (indefinite-lived) | ||
Gross | ||
Indefinite-lived intangible assets | $ 143 | $ 143 |
Net | ||
Indefinite-lived intangible assets | $ 143 | $ 143 |
Intangible Assets - Amortizatio
Intangible Assets - Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |||
Jul. 01, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||
Amortization expense | $ 26 | $ 27 | $ 30 | |
Indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment | $ 0 | |||
Intangible asset amortization expense for the next five years | ||||
2023 | 26 | |||
2024 | 26 | |||
2025 | 25 | |||
2026 | 25 | |||
2027 | $ 25 |
Investments - Breakdown of Inve
Investments - Breakdown of Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Investments [Abstract] | ||
Equity investments | $ 23 | $ 16 |
Equity method investments | 113 | 104 |
Marketable securities | 3 | 12 |
Total investments | $ 139 | $ 132 |
Investments - Amyris & Argentin
Investments - Amyris & Argentina Joint Venture (Details) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||||
Aug. 02, 2021 USD ($) | Jun. 01, 2021 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) | Feb. 12, 2021 facility | |
Equity Method Investments | |||||
Joint venture pre-tax transaction and integration costs | $ 4 | $ 6 | |||
Argentina joint venture | |||||
Equity Method Investments | |||||
Number of manufacturing facilities to be operated | facility | 5 | ||||
Amyris joint venture | |||||
Equity Method Investments | |||||
Ownership percentage | 31% | ||||
Total consideration under equity method investment agreement | $ 28 | ||||
Cash consideration | 10 | ||||
Non-exclusive license and other consideration | 18 | ||||
Income from equity method investment agreement | $ 8 | ||||
Argentina joint venture | |||||
Equity Method Investments | |||||
Ownership percentage | 49% | ||||
Fair value of assets and liabilities transferred | $ 71 | ||||
Value of shares received as consideration for assets contributed | 64 | ||||
Argentina joint venture | Grupo Arcor | |||||
Equity Method Investments | |||||
Cash and other considerations received from joint venture in return of assets and liabilities transferred | $ 7 |
Restructuring and Impairment _3
Restructuring and Impairment Charges - Charges (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Restructuring and impairment charges | |||
Restructuring/impairment charges and related adjustments | $ 4 | $ 387 | $ 93 |
Restructuring and Impairment _4
Restructuring and Impairment Charges - Restructuring Charges (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | 24 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | |
Restructuring and impairment charges | ||||
Restructuring charges | $ 4 | $ 47 | $ 48 | |
Cost Smart SG&A Program | ||||
Restructuring and impairment charges | ||||
Restructuring charges | 3 | 17 | 25 | $ 39 |
Cost Smart Cost of Sales Program | ||||
Restructuring and impairment charges | ||||
Restructuring charges | $ 1 | $ 27 | $ 23 | $ 78 |
Restructuring and Impairment _5
Restructuring and Impairment Charges - Impairment Charges (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||
Jul. 01, 2022 | Sep. 30, 2021 | Mar. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | Nov. 03, 2020 | |
Restructuring and impairment charges | |||||||
Impairment on disposition of assets | $ (20) | $ 360 | $ 0 | $ 340 | $ 0 | ||
Indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment | $ 0 | ||||||
Impairment charges | impairment charge | ||||||
Trade name | |||||||
Restructuring and impairment charges | |||||||
Indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment | $ 35 | ||||||
Verdient Foods, Inc. | |||||||
Restructuring and impairment charges | |||||||
Additional percentage of outstanding shares acquired | 80% | 80% | |||||
Argentina joint venture | |||||||
Restructuring and impairment charges | |||||||
Impairment on disposition of assets | 340 | ||||||
Impairment charge - cumulative translation adjustment | 311 | ||||||
Impairment charge - write-down of contributed net assets | $ 29 | ||||||
Verdient Foods, Inc. | |||||||
Restructuring and impairment charges | |||||||
Equity method investment, other than temporary impairment | $ 10 |
Restructuring and Impairment _6
Restructuring and Impairment Charges - Employee-related Severance (Details) - Employee Severance $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) | |
Restructuring accrual | |
Balance in severance accrual at beginning of period | $ 3 |
Payments made to terminated employees | (3) |
Balance in severance accrual at end of period | $ 0 |
Derivatives Instruments and H_3
Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities - Commodity Price Hedging (Details) bu in Millions, MMBTU in Millions, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) MMBTU bu | Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) MMBTU bu | Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) | |
Commodity Contracts | Minimum | |||
Financial instruments, derivatives and hedging activities | |||
Maturity period of price risk derivative | 12 months | ||
Commodity Contracts | Maximum | |||
Financial instruments, derivatives and hedging activities | |||
Maturity period of price risk derivative | 24 months | ||
Corn Commodity | |||
Financial instruments, derivatives and hedging activities | |||
Futures contract (in bushels for corn) | bu | 120 | 135 | |
Corn Commodity | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | |||
Financial instruments, derivatives and hedging activities | |||
Gains (losses) recognized in income, not a hedging instrument | $ | $ 1 | $ (1) | $ 1 |
Natural Gas Commodity | |||
Financial instruments, derivatives and hedging activities | |||
Natural gas swap contract (in mmbtu of natural gas) | MMBTU | 31 | 35 |
Derivatives Instruments and H_4
Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities - Foreign Currency Hedging (Details) - Foreign Currency Contracts - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Short | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | ||
Financial instruments, derivatives and hedging activities | ||
Derivative notional amount | $ 405 | $ 360 |
Long | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | ||
Financial instruments, derivatives and hedging activities | ||
Derivative notional amount | 239 | 205 |
Cash Flow Hedging | Short | Designated as Hedging Instrument | ||
Financial instruments, derivatives and hedging activities | ||
Derivative notional amount | 668 | 505 |
Cash Flow Hedging | Long | Designated as Hedging Instrument | ||
Financial instruments, derivatives and hedging activities | ||
Derivative notional amount | $ 840 | $ 708 |
Derivatives Instruments and H_5
Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities - Cash Flow Hedges in AOCI (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract] | ||
Gains (Losses) included in AOCL | $ (1,048) | $ (897) |
Cash Flow Hedging | ||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract] | ||
Gains (Losses) included in AOCL | 6 | 48 |
Cash Flow Hedging | Commodity Contracts | ||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract] | ||
Gains (Losses) included in AOCL | 8 | 51 |
Tax effect of gains (losses) on cash flow hedges | 3 | 19 |
Cash Flow Hedging | Foreign currency contracts | ||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract] | ||
Gains (Losses) included in AOCL | 1 | 0 |
Tax effect of gains (losses) on cash flow hedges | 0 | 0 |
Cash Flow Hedging | Interest rate contracts | ||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract] | ||
Gains (Losses) included in AOCL | (3) | (3) |
Tax effect of gains (losses) on cash flow hedges | $ (1) | $ (1) |
Derivatives Instruments and H_6
Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities - Balance Sheet Location (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Derivative Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] | Other assets, Accounts receivable, net | Other assets, Accounts receivable, net |
Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] | Accounts payable, Accrued liabilities, Other non-current liabilities | Accounts payable, Accrued liabilities, Other non-current liabilities |
Designated Hedging Instruments | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, assets | $ 55 | $ 67 |
Fair value of derivative instruments, liabilities | 57 | 25 |
Fair value of derivative instruments, Net Assets/(Liabilities) | (2) | 42 |
Designated Hedging Instruments | Accounts receivable, net | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, assets | 48 | 54 |
Designated Hedging Instruments | Other assets | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, assets | 7 | 13 |
Designated Hedging Instruments | Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, liabilities | 45 | 17 |
Designated Hedging Instruments | Non-current liabilities | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, liabilities | 12 | 8 |
Designated Hedging Instruments | Commodity Contracts | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, assets | 29 | 52 |
Fair value of derivative instruments, liabilities | 25 | 7 |
Fair value of derivative instruments, Net Assets/(Liabilities) | 4 | 45 |
Designated Hedging Instruments | Commodity Contracts | Accounts receivable, net | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, assets | 28 | 45 |
Designated Hedging Instruments | Commodity Contracts | Other assets | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, assets | 1 | 7 |
Designated Hedging Instruments | Commodity Contracts | Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, liabilities | 22 | 5 |
Designated Hedging Instruments | Commodity Contracts | Non-current liabilities | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, liabilities | 3 | 2 |
Designated Hedging Instruments | Foreign Currency Contracts | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, assets | 26 | 15 |
Fair value of derivative instruments, liabilities | 32 | 18 |
Fair value of derivative instruments, Net Assets/(Liabilities) | (6) | (3) |
Designated Hedging Instruments | Foreign Currency Contracts | Accounts receivable, net | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, assets | 20 | 9 |
Designated Hedging Instruments | Foreign Currency Contracts | Other assets | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, assets | 6 | 6 |
Designated Hedging Instruments | Foreign Currency Contracts | Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, liabilities | 23 | 12 |
Designated Hedging Instruments | Foreign Currency Contracts | Non-current liabilities | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, liabilities | 9 | 6 |
Non-Designated Hedging Instruments | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, assets | 5 | 7 |
Fair value of derivative instruments, liabilities | 7 | 7 |
Fair value of derivative instruments, Net Assets/(Liabilities) | (2) | 0 |
Non-Designated Hedging Instruments | Accounts receivable, net | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, assets | 5 | 7 |
Non-Designated Hedging Instruments | Other assets | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, assets | 0 | 0 |
Non-Designated Hedging Instruments | Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, liabilities | 7 | 6 |
Non-Designated Hedging Instruments | Non-current liabilities | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, liabilities | 0 | 1 |
Non-Designated Hedging Instruments | Commodity Contracts | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, assets | 0 | 4 |
Fair value of derivative instruments, liabilities | 1 | 2 |
Fair value of derivative instruments, Net Assets/(Liabilities) | (1) | 2 |
Non-Designated Hedging Instruments | Commodity Contracts | Accounts receivable, net | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, assets | 0 | 4 |
Non-Designated Hedging Instruments | Commodity Contracts | Other assets | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, assets | 0 | 0 |
Non-Designated Hedging Instruments | Commodity Contracts | Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, liabilities | 1 | 2 |
Non-Designated Hedging Instruments | Commodity Contracts | Non-current liabilities | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Non-Designated Hedging Instruments | Foreign Currency Contracts | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, assets | 5 | 3 |
Fair value of derivative instruments, liabilities | 6 | 5 |
Fair value of derivative instruments, Net Assets/(Liabilities) | (1) | (2) |
Non-Designated Hedging Instruments | Foreign Currency Contracts | Accounts receivable, net | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, assets | 5 | 3 |
Non-Designated Hedging Instruments | Foreign Currency Contracts | Other assets | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, assets | 0 | 0 |
Non-Designated Hedging Instruments | Foreign Currency Contracts | Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, liabilities | 6 | 4 |
Non-Designated Hedging Instruments | Foreign Currency Contracts | Non-current liabilities | ||
Fair value of derivatives | ||
Fair value of derivative instruments, liabilities | $ 0 | $ 1 |
Derivatives Instruments and H_7
Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities - Cash Flow Hedges (Details) - Cash Flow Hedging - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Hedging relationships | |||
Gains (Losses) Recognized in OCL on Derivatives | $ 210 | $ 218 | $ 5 |
Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCL into Income | 268 | 209 | (65) |
Commodity Contracts | |||
Hedging relationships | |||
Gains (Losses) Recognized in OCL on Derivatives | 202 | 218 | 17 |
Commodity Contracts | Cost of sales | |||
Hedging relationships | |||
Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCL into Income | 261 | 211 | (62) |
Foreign currency contracts, net of income tax effect of $ — | |||
Hedging relationships | |||
Gains (Losses) Recognized in OCL on Derivatives | 8 | 0 | (7) |
Foreign currency contracts, net of income tax effect of $ — | Net sales/Cost of sales | |||
Hedging relationships | |||
Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCL into Income | 7 | (1) | (2) |
Interest rate contracts, net of income tax effect of $1 | |||
Hedging relationships | |||
Gains (Losses) Recognized in OCL on Derivatives | 0 | 0 | (5) |
Interest rate contracts, net of income tax effect of $1 | Financing costs | |||
Hedging relationships | |||
Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCL into Income | $ 0 | $ (1) | $ (1) |
Derivatives Instruments and H_8
Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities - Gain (Losses) Recognized in Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Hedging relationships | |||
Gains expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next twelve months, net of tax | $ 14 | ||
Gains expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next twelve months, income tax effect | 5 | ||
Fair Value Hedging | Interest rate contracts | |||
Hedging relationships | |||
Gains (losses) recognized in income, hedging instrument | 0 | $ 0 | $ (1) |
Fair Value Hedging | Interest rate contracts | Financing costs | |||
Hedging relationships | |||
Gains (losses) recognized in income, hedged item | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 1 |
Fair Value Measurements (Detail
Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Fair value of assets and liabilities | ||
Long-term debt | $ 1,733 | $ 1,957 |
Fair Value, Recurring | ||
Fair value of assets and liabilities | ||
Marketable Securities | 3 | 12 |
Derivative assets | 60 | 74 |
Derivative liabilities | 64 | 32 |
Long-term debt | 1,733 | 1,957 |
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 1 | ||
Fair value of assets and liabilities | ||
Marketable Securities | 3 | 12 |
Derivative assets | 49 | 49 |
Derivative liabilities | 51 | 22 |
Long-term debt | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2 | ||
Fair value of assets and liabilities | ||
Marketable Securities | 0 | 0 |
Derivative assets | 11 | 25 |
Derivative liabilities | 13 | 10 |
Long-term debt | 1,733 | 1,957 |
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 3 | ||
Fair value of assets and liabilities | ||
Marketable Securities | 0 | 0 |
Derivative assets | 0 | 0 |
Derivative liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Long-term debt | $ 0 | $ 0 |
Financing Arrangements - Total
Financing Arrangements - Total Debt Outstanding (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
Total debt | $ 2,483 | $ 2,046 |
Financing Arrangements - Term L
Financing Arrangements - Term Loan Agreement (Details) - Term loan credit agreement due December 16, 2024 $ in Millions | Dec. 16, 2022 USD ($) |
Long-term debt | |
Maximum leverage ratio | 3.5 |
Minimum ratio of consolidated EBIDTA to consolidated net interest expense | 3.5 |
Unsecured Debt | |
Long-term debt | |
Debt instrument term | 2 years |
Principal amount | $ 200 |
Unsecured Debt | Base Rate | |
Long-term debt | |
Basis spread | 1.10% |
Financing Arrangements - Revolv
Financing Arrangements - Revolving Credit Agreement (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Nov. 30, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Long-term debt | |||
Long-term debt | $ 1,940 | $ 1,738 | |
Revolving credit agreement | |||
Long-term debt | |||
Basis spread | 4.75% | 0.35% | |
Long-term debt | $ 0 | $ 0 | |
Revolving credit agreement | Revolving credit agreement | Line of Credit | |||
Long-term debt | |||
Maximum aggregate principal amount | $ 1,000 | ||
Revolving credit agreement | Revolving credit agreement | Line of Credit | Base Rate | |||
Long-term debt | |||
Basis spread | 1% |
Financing Arrangements - Commer
Financing Arrangements - Commercial Paper (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 5 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Jul. 27, 2021 | |
Commercial paper | |||||
Long-term debt | |||||
Maximum aggregate principal amount | $ 1,000 | ||||
Average amount of commercial paper outstanding | $ 670 | $ 522 | |||
Weighted average interest rate (as a percent) | 0.27% | 1.97% | |||
Weighted average maturity | 48 days | 16 days | |||
Commercial paper outstanding | $ 390 | $ 250 | $ 250 | $ 390 | |
Weighted average maturity of outstanding balance | 7 days | 48 days | |||
Revolving credit agreement | |||||
Long-term debt | |||||
Basis spread | 4.75% | 0.35% |
Financing Arrangements - Carryi
Financing Arrangements - Carrying Value and Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Financing Arrangements | ||
Long-term debt, noncurrent, carrying value | $ 1,940 | $ 1,738 |
Total short-term borrowings, fair value | 543 | 308 |
Total debt, carrying value | 2,483 | 2,046 |
Long-term debt, noncurrent, fair value | 1,733 | 1,957 |
Total short-term borrowings, fair value | 543 | 308 |
Total debt, fair value | $ 2,276 | $ 2,265 |
2.900% senior notes due June 1, 2030 | ||
Financing Arrangements | ||
Debt, interest rate (as a percent) | 2.90% | 2.90% |
Long-term debt, noncurrent, carrying value | $ 595 | $ 595 |
Long-term debt, noncurrent, fair value | $ 510 | $ 619 |
3.200% senior notes due October 1, 2026 | ||
Financing Arrangements | ||
Debt, interest rate (as a percent) | 3.20% | 3.20% |
Long-term debt, noncurrent, carrying value | $ 498 | $ 498 |
Long-term debt, noncurrent, fair value | $ 470 | $ 531 |
3.900% senior notes due June 1, 2050 | ||
Financing Arrangements | ||
Debt, interest rate (as a percent) | 3.90% | 3.90% |
Long-term debt, noncurrent, carrying value | $ 390 | $ 390 |
Long-term debt, noncurrent, fair value | $ 293 | $ 455 |
6.625% senior notes due April 15, 2037 | ||
Financing Arrangements | ||
Debt, interest rate (as a percent) | 6.625% | 6.625% |
Long-term debt, noncurrent, carrying value | $ 253 | $ 253 |
Long-term debt, noncurrent, fair value | 256 | 350 |
Term loan credit agreement due December 16, 2024 | ||
Financing Arrangements | ||
Long-term debt, noncurrent, carrying value | 200 | 0 |
Long-term debt, noncurrent, fair value | 200 | 0 |
Revolving credit agreement | ||
Financing Arrangements | ||
Long-term debt, noncurrent, carrying value | 0 | |
Long-term debt, noncurrent, fair value | 0 | 0 |
Other long-term borrowings | ||
Financing Arrangements | ||
Long-term debt, noncurrent, carrying value | 4 | 2 |
Long-term debt, noncurrent, fair value | 4 | 2 |
Commercial paper | ||
Financing Arrangements | ||
Short-term borrowings | 390 | 250 |
Short-term borrowings, fair value | 390 | 250 |
Other short-term borrowings | ||
Financing Arrangements | ||
Short-term borrowings | 153 | 58 |
Short-term borrowings, fair value | $ 153 | $ 58 |
Financing Arrangements - Guaran
Financing Arrangements - Guaranteed Obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
Guaranteed obligations of consolidated subsidiaries | $ 63 | $ 61 |
Leases - Lease Expense (Details
Leases - Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Lease Cost | |||
Operating lease cost | $ 59 | $ 58 | $ 58 |
Variable operating lease cost | 27 | 26 | 29 |
Short term lease cost | 3 | 4 | 4 |
Lease expense | $ 89 | $ 88 | $ 91 |
Leases - Operating Lease Reconc
Leases - Operating Lease Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Reconciliation of future undiscounted cash flows to the operating lease liabilities and the related ROU assets | ||
2023 | $ 54 | |
2024 | 44 | |
2025 | 34 | |
2026 | 28 | |
2027 | 17 | |
Thereafter | 37 | |
Total future lease payments | 214 | |
Less imputed interest | 20 | |
Present value of future lease payments | 194 | |
Less current lease liabilities | 48 | $ 47 |
Non-current operating lease liabilities | 146 | $ 154 |
Operating lease assets | $ 187 | |
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position | Accrued liabilities, Other | |
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position | Accrued liabilities | Accrued liabilities |
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position | Other non-current liabilities | Other non-current liabilities |
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position | Other assets |
Leases - Additional Information
Leases - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | ||
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ 60 | $ 58 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities: | ||
Operating leases | $ 52 | $ 77 |
Weighted average remaining lease term: | ||
Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term (in years) | 5 years 10 months 24 days | 6 years 6 months |
Weighted average discount rate: | ||
Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percentage | 4.40% | 4% |
Income Taxes - Provision for In
Income Taxes - Provision for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Income before income taxes: | |||
U.S. | $ 111 | $ 39 | $ (15) |
Foreign | 557 | 209 | 521 |
Income before income taxes | 668 | 248 | 506 |
Current tax expense: | |||
U.S. federal | 8 | 2 | 1 |
State and local | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Foreign | 159 | 180 | 156 |
Total current tax expense | 169 | 184 | 159 |
Deferred tax expense (benefit): | |||
U.S. federal | 5 | (57) | (18) |
State and local | (1) | (2) | (1) |
Foreign | (7) | (2) | 12 |
Total deferred tax (benefit) | (3) | (61) | (7) |
Total provision for income taxes | $ 166 | $ 123 | $ 152 |
Income Taxes - Deferred Taxes (
Income Taxes - Deferred Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Deferred tax assets attributable to: | ||
Employee benefit accruals | $ 30 | $ 28 |
Pensions and postretirement plans | 14 | 14 |
Lease liabilities | 49 | 49 |
Bad debt | 6 | 14 |
Inventory reserve | 22 | 13 |
Net operating loss carryforwards | 59 | 64 |
Tax credit carryforwards | 5 | 18 |
Other | 42 | 36 |
Total deferred tax assets | 227 | 236 |
Valuation allowances | (51) | (67) |
Net deferred tax assets | 176 | 169 |
Deferred tax liabilities attributable to: | ||
Property, plant and equipment | 175 | 175 |
Identified intangibles | 48 | 47 |
Right-of-use lease assets | 46 | 46 |
Foreign withholding and state taxes on unremitted earnings | 1 | 1 |
Goodwill | 31 | 27 |
Brazilian indirect tax credits | 4 | 5 |
Derivative contracts | 3 | 19 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | 308 | 320 |
Net deferred tax liabilities | $ 132 | $ 151 |
Income Taxes - Operating Loss C
Income Taxes - Operating Loss Carryforwards (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | |
Operating losses | ||
Net operating loss carryforwards | $ 59 | $ 64 |
Net operating loss carryforwards, federal | 4 | |
Net operating loss carryforwards, state | 15 | |
Net operating loss carryforwards, foreign | 40 | |
Canada | ||
Operating losses | ||
Net operating loss carryforwards, foreign | $ 19 | |
Foreign carryforward period (in years) | 20 years | |
Argentina | ||
Operating losses | ||
Net operating loss carryforwards, foreign | $ 7 | |
Foreign carryforward period (in years) | 5 years | |
Australia | ||
Operating losses | ||
Net operating loss carryforwards, foreign | $ 7 |
Income Taxes - Tax Credit Carry
Income Taxes - Tax Credit Carryforward Valuation Allowance (Details) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) | |
Tax credit carryforward valuation allowance | |
Increase in foreign net operating loss carryforwards | $ 10 |
Domestic Tax Authority | |
Tax credit carryforward valuation allowance | |
Loss carryforwards, valuation allowance | 4 |
State and Local Jurisdiction | |
Tax credit carryforward valuation allowance | |
Loss carryforwards, valuation allowance | 15 |
Credit carryforwards, valuation allowance | 5 |
Foreign Tax Authority | |
Tax credit carryforward valuation allowance | |
Loss carryforwards, valuation allowance | 26 |
Credit carryforwards, valuation allowance | $ 1 |
Income Taxes - Reconciliation o
Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Effective Tax Rate (Details) | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Reconciliation of effective tax rate | |||
Provision for tax at U.S. statutory rate | 21% | 21% | 21% |
Tax rate difference on foreign income | 7.20% | 13.30% | 9.10% |
Foreign currency FX | (0.30%) | 3.20% | 1.20% |
Inflation adjustments | (0.60%) | (4.00%) | (0.80%) |
Tax benefit of intercompany financing | (0.40%) | (1.60%) | (0.80%) |
U.S. international tax implications | 2.20% | 0.80% | 0.60% |
Valuation allowance in Argentina | 0% | (0.40%) | (0.60%) |
Favorable judgment on the treatment of credits and interest on indirect taxes | (0.30%) | (4.80%) | (0.60%) |
Unremitted earnings | 0% | (12.10%) | 0% |
Impairment charge related to Argentina joint venture | 0% | 35.50% | 0% |
Foreign-derived intangible income (FDII) | (1.00%) | 0% | 0% |
Brazil exclusion of certain tax incentives | (4.00%) | 0% | 0% |
Other items, net | 1.10% | (1.30%) | 0.90% |
Provision at effective tax rate | 24.90% | 49.60% | 30% |
Income Taxes - Reconciliation_2
Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Effective Tax Rate Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Income taxes | ||||
Provision for tax at U.S. statutory rate | 21% | 21% | 21% | |
Tax benefit related to the exclusion of certain tax incentives | $ 27 | $ 27 | ||
Brazil exclusion of certain tax incentives, percentage points | 4% | 0% | 0% | |
Accrual for foreign withholding on unremitted earnings from foreign subsidiaries | 1 | $ 1 | ||
Tax provision on distributions of unremitted earnings | 0 | 0 | ||
Unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries considered permanently reinvested | $ 2,400 | $ 2,400 | ||
Mexico | ||||
Income taxes | ||||
Provision for tax at U.S. statutory rate | 30% | |||
Pakistan | ||||
Income taxes | ||||
Provision for tax at U.S. statutory rate | 33% | |||
Surcharge rate | 4% | |||
Colombia | ||||
Income taxes | ||||
Provision for tax at U.S. statutory rate | 35% | |||
Brazil | ||||
Income taxes | ||||
Provision for tax at U.S. statutory rate | 34% |
Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax
Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | |
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
Balance at beginning of period | $ 29 | $ 46 |
Additions for tax positions related to prior years | 5 | 2 |
Reductions for tax positions related to prior years | (1) | (9) |
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year | 1 | 2 |
Reductions related to a lapse in the statute of limitations | (4) | (12) |
Balance at end of period | $ 30 | $ 29 |
Income Taxes - Unrecognized T_2
Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax Benefits Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 |
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||
Unrecognized tax benefits | $ 30 | $ 29 | $ 46 |
Unrecognized tax benefit that, if recognized, could affect the effective tax rate in future periods | 19 | ||
Remaining unrecognized tax benefits | 11 | ||
Unrecognized tax benefit for operating loss carryforwards that would have otherwise had a valuation allowance | 10 | ||
Unrecognized tax benefits for U.S. federal benefits | 1 | ||
Unrecognized tax benefits, accrued interest expense and penalties | 5 | ||
Amount of unrecognized tax benefits that may be recognized within 12 months | 0 | ||
Unrecognized tax benefits, current | $ 0 |
Pension and Other Postretirem_3
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Pension Obligation and Funded Status (Details) - Pension Plan - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
U.S. Plans | |||
Benefit obligation | |||
Balance at the beginning of the period | $ 383 | $ 409 | |
Service cost | 4 | 4 | $ 5 |
Interest cost | 9 | 8 | 11 |
Benefits paid | (25) | (24) | |
Actuarial (gain) loss | (71) | (14) | |
Curtailment/settlement/amendments | 0 | 0 | |
Foreign currency translation | 0 | 0 | |
Balance at the end of the period | 300 | 383 | 409 |
Fair value of plan assets | |||
Balance at the beginning of the period | 420 | 439 | |
Actual return on plan assets | (79) | 4 | |
Employer contributions | 1 | 1 | |
Benefits paid | (25) | (24) | |
Plan settlements | 0 | 0 | |
Foreign currency translation | 0 | 0 | |
Balance at the end of the period | 317 | 420 | 439 |
Funded status | 17 | 37 | |
Non-U.S. Plans | |||
Benefit obligation | |||
Balance at the beginning of the period | 254 | 275 | |
Service cost | 3 | 4 | 4 |
Interest cost | 9 | 9 | 10 |
Benefits paid | (13) | (13) | |
Actuarial (gain) loss | (49) | (15) | |
Curtailment/settlement/amendments | (2) | (1) | |
Foreign currency translation | (14) | (5) | |
Balance at the end of the period | 188 | 254 | 275 |
Fair value of plan assets | |||
Balance at the beginning of the period | 244 | 249 | |
Actual return on plan assets | (30) | 3 | |
Employer contributions | 5 | 7 | |
Benefits paid | (13) | (13) | |
Plan settlements | (2) | (1) | |
Foreign currency translation | (15) | (1) | |
Balance at the end of the period | 189 | 244 | $ 249 |
Funded status | $ 1 | $ (10) |
Pension and Other Postretirem_4
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Pension Amounts Recognized (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | |||
Non-current liabilities | $ (101) | $ (123) | |
Pension Plan | |||
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, excluding tax effects, that have not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost | |||
Accumulated benefit obligation | 469 | 619 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | |||
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | |||
Non-current asset | 25 | 47 | |
Current liabilities | (1) | (1) | |
Non-current liabilities | (7) | (9) | |
Net asset (liability) recognized | 17 | 37 | |
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, excluding tax effects, that have not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost | |||
Net actuarial loss | 36 | 11 | |
Transition obligation | 0 | 0 | |
Prior service (credit) cost | (3) | (4) | |
Net amount recognized | 33 | 7 | |
Information about plan obligations and assets for plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets | |||
Projected benefit obligation | (8) | (10) | |
Accumulated benefit obligation | (8) | (9) | |
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Components of net periodic benefit cost | |||
Service cost | 4 | 4 | $ 5 |
Interest cost | 9 | 8 | 11 |
Expected return on plan assets | (16) | (17) | (21) |
Amortization of actuarial loss | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Amortization of prior service credit | (1) | (1) | (1) |
Net periodic benefit cost | (4) | (6) | (6) |
Amounts recorded in other comprehensive income and net periodic benefit cost | |||
Net actuarial (gain) loss | 25 | (1) | (3) |
Prior service cost | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Amortization of actuarial loss | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Amortization of prior service credit | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Foreign currency translation | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total recorded in other comprehensive income | 26 | 0 | (2) |
Net periodic benefit cost | (4) | (6) | (6) |
Total recorded in other comprehensive income and net periodic benefit cost | 22 | (6) | (8) |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | |||
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | |||
Non-current asset | 43 | 44 | |
Current liabilities | (1) | (1) | |
Non-current liabilities | (41) | (53) | |
Net asset (liability) recognized | 1 | (10) | |
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, excluding tax effects, that have not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost | |||
Net actuarial loss | 24 | 38 | |
Transition obligation | 0 | 0 | |
Prior service (credit) cost | 0 | 0 | |
Net amount recognized | 24 | 38 | |
Information about plan obligations and assets for plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets | |||
Projected benefit obligation | (45) | (57) | |
Accumulated benefit obligation | (35) | (48) | |
Fair value of plan assets | 3 | 3 | |
Components of net periodic benefit cost | |||
Service cost | 3 | 4 | 4 |
Interest cost | 9 | 9 | 10 |
Expected return on plan assets | (7) | (8) | (8) |
Amortization of actuarial loss | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Amortization of prior service credit | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Net periodic benefit cost | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Amounts recorded in other comprehensive income and net periodic benefit cost | |||
Net actuarial (gain) loss | (11) | (11) | 1 |
Prior service cost | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Amortization of actuarial loss | (1) | (2) | (2) |
Amortization of prior service credit | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Foreign currency translation | (2) | (11) | 0 |
Total recorded in other comprehensive income | (14) | (24) | (1) |
Net periodic benefit cost | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Total recorded in other comprehensive income and net periodic benefit cost | $ (8) | $ (17) | $ 7 |
Pension and Other Postretirem_5
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Pension Assumptions (Details) - Pension Plan | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
U.S. Plans | |||
Weighted average assumptions used to determine the company's obligations | |||
Discount rate | 5.19% | 2.91% | |
Rate of compensation increase | 3.92% | 4.18% | |
Cash balance interest credit rate | 4.21% | 4.11% | |
Weighted average assumptions used to determine the company's net periodic benefit cost | |||
Discount rate | 2.91% | 2.58% | 3.34% |
Expected long-term return on plan assets | 4.10% | 4.10% | 5.30% |
Rate of compensation increase | 4.18% | 4.26% | 4.21% |
Cash balance interest crediting rate | 4.11% | 3.76% | 4.16% |
Non-U.S. Plans | |||
Weighted average assumptions used to determine the company's obligations | |||
Discount rate | 5.66% | 3.47% | |
Rate of compensation increase | 3.83% | 3.67% | |
Cash balance interest credit rate | 0% | 0% | |
Weighted average assumptions used to determine the company's net periodic benefit cost | |||
Discount rate | 3.66% | 2.84% | 3.55% |
Expected long-term return on plan assets | 3.50% | 3.37% | 3.81% |
Rate of compensation increase | 3.77% | 3.54% | 3.68% |
Cash balance interest crediting rate | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Canada | |||
Weighted average assumptions used to determine the company's net periodic benefit cost | |||
Expected long-term return on plan assets | 3.06% |
Pension and Other Postretirem_6
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Pension Plan Asset Weighted Average Asset Allocation (Details) - Pension Plan | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
U.S. Plans | ||
Weighted average asset allocation | ||
Weighted average asset allocation (as a percent) | 100% | 100% |
U.S. Plans | Equity securities | ||
Weighted average asset allocation | ||
Weighted average asset allocation (as a percent) | 11% | 14% |
U.S. Plans | Equity securities | Minimum | ||
Plan assets | ||
Plan assets allocation percentage | 9% | |
U.S. Plans | Equity securities | Maximum | ||
Plan assets | ||
Plan assets allocation percentage | 19% | |
U.S. Plans | Debt securities | ||
Weighted average asset allocation | ||
Weighted average asset allocation (as a percent) | 87% | 85% |
U.S. Plans | Debt securities | Minimum | ||
Plan assets | ||
Plan assets allocation percentage | 81% | |
U.S. Plans | Debt securities | Maximum | ||
Plan assets | ||
Plan assets allocation percentage | 91% | |
U.S. Plans | Cash and other | ||
Weighted average asset allocation | ||
Weighted average asset allocation (as a percent) | 2% | 1% |
Non-U.S. Plans | ||
Weighted average asset allocation | ||
Weighted average asset allocation (as a percent) | 100% | 100% |
Non-U.S. Plans | Equity securities | ||
Weighted average asset allocation | ||
Weighted average asset allocation (as a percent) | 8% | 18% |
Non-U.S. Plans | Debt securities | ||
Weighted average asset allocation | ||
Weighted average asset allocation (as a percent) | 77% | 57% |
Non-U.S. Plans | Cash and other | ||
Weighted average asset allocation | ||
Weighted average asset allocation (as a percent) | 15% | 25% |
Pension and Other Postretirem_7
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Pension Plan Assets by Category and FV (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Other | |||
Plan assets | |||
Redemption notification period | 95 days | ||
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | $ 317 | $ 420 | $ 439 |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Equity index - U.S. | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 22 | 37 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Equity index - International | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 14 | 22 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Fixed income index- Long bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | $ 127 | $ 179 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Fixed income index- Long bond | Minimum | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fixed income securities maturity (in years) | 10 years | 10 years | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Fixed income index - Long government bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | $ 89 | $ 109 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Fixed income index - Long government bond | Minimum | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fixed income securities maturity (in years) | 10 years | 10 years | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Other | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | $ 59 | $ 69 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Cash & Short-term Investments | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 6 | 4 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | NAV | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 59 | 69 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | NAV | Equity index - U.S. | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | NAV | Equity index - International | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | NAV | Fixed income index- Long bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | NAV | Fixed income index - Long government bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | NAV | Other | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 59 | 69 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | NAV | Cash & Short-term Investments | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Level 1 | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Level 1 | Equity index - U.S. | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Level 1 | Equity index - International | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Level 1 | Fixed income index- Long bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Level 1 | Fixed income index - Long government bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Level 1 | Other | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Level 1 | Cash & Short-term Investments | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Level 2 | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 258 | 351 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Level 2 | Equity index - U.S. | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 22 | 37 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Level 2 | Equity index - International | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 14 | 22 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Level 2 | Fixed income index- Long bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 127 | 179 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Level 2 | Fixed income index - Long government bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 89 | 109 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Level 2 | Other | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Level 2 | Cash & Short-term Investments | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 6 | 4 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 189 | 244 | $ 249 |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Equity index - U.S. | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 9 | 26 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Equity index - International | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 6 | 17 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Fixed income index- Short bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 25 | 34 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Fixed income index - Intermediate bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 51 | 45 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Fixed income index- Long bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 69 | 93 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Other | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 22 | 21 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Cash & Short-term Investments | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 7 | 8 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | NAV | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | NAV | Equity index - U.S. | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | NAV | Equity index - International | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | NAV | Fixed income index- Short bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | NAV | Fixed income index - Intermediate bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | NAV | Fixed income index- Long bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | NAV | Other | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | NAV | Cash & Short-term Investments | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Level 1 | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 2 | 8 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Level 1 | Equity index - U.S. | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Level 1 | Equity index - International | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Level 1 | Fixed income index- Short bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Level 1 | Fixed income index - Intermediate bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Level 1 | Fixed income index- Long bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Level 1 | Other | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Level 1 | Cash & Short-term Investments | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 2 | 8 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Level 2 | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 187 | 236 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Level 2 | Equity index - U.S. | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 9 | 26 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Level 2 | Equity index - International | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 6 | 17 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Level 2 | Fixed income index- Short bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 25 | 34 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Level 2 | Fixed income index - Intermediate bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 51 | 45 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Level 2 | Fixed income index- Long bond | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 69 | 93 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Level 2 | Other | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | 22 | 21 | |
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Level 2 | Cash & Short-term Investments | |||
Plan assets | |||
Fair value of plan assets | $ 5 | $ 0 |
Pension and Other Postretirem_8
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Pension Benefit Payments (Details) - Pension Plan - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | |
U.S. Plans | ||
Benefit plans | ||
Employer contributions | $ 1 | $ 1 |
Expected contribution in next fiscal year | 1 | |
Expected future benefit payments | ||
2023 | 26 | |
2024 | 25 | |
2025 | 25 | |
2026 | 25 | |
2027 | 26 | |
Years 2028 - 2032 | 115 | |
Non-U.S. Plans | ||
Benefit plans | ||
Employer contributions | 5 | $ 7 |
Expected contribution in next fiscal year | 3 | |
Expected future benefit payments | ||
2023 | 14 | |
2024 | 13 | |
2025 | 13 | |
2026 | 13 | |
2027 | 14 | |
Years 2028 - 2032 | $ 78 |
Pension and Other Postretirem_9
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Defined Contribution Plans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Retirement Benefits [Abstract] | |||
Amounts charged to expense for defined contribution plans | $ 22 | $ 22 | $ 22 |
Pension and Other Postretire_10
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Postretirement Funded Status (Details) - Postemployment Retirement Benefits - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Benefit obligation | |||
Balance at the beginning of the period | $ 65 | $ 68 | |
Service cost | 1 | 1 | $ 0 |
Interest cost | 3 | 2 | 3 |
Amendments | 0 | 4 | |
Actuarial (gain) loss | (7) | (5) | |
Benefits paid | (4) | (4) | |
Foreign currency translation | 0 | (1) | |
Balance at the end of the period | 58 | 65 | $ 68 |
Fair value of plan assets | 0 | 0 | |
Funded status | $ (58) | $ (65) |
Pension and Other Postretire_11
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Postretirement Amounts Recognized (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | |||
Non-current liabilities | $ (101) | $ (123) | |
Postemployment Retirement Benefits | |||
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | |||
Current liabilities | (5) | (4) | |
Non-current liabilities | (53) | (61) | |
Net asset (liability) recognized | (58) | (65) | |
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, excluding tax effects, that have not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost | |||
Net actuarial loss | 1 | 8 | |
Prior service (credit) cost | 5 | 5 | |
Net amount recognized | 6 | 13 | |
Components of net periodic benefit cost | |||
Service cost | 1 | 1 | $ 0 |
Interest cost | 3 | 2 | 3 |
Amortization of actuarial loss | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Amortization of prior service credit | 0 | (2) | (2) |
Net periodic benefit cost | 4 | 2 | 2 |
Amounts recorded in other comprehensive income and net periodic benefit cost | |||
Net actuarial loss (gain) | (7) | (5) | 4 |
Prior service cost | 0 | 4 | 0 |
Amortization of prior service credit | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Amortization of actuarial loss | 0 | (1) | (1) |
Foreign currency translation | 0 | (4) | 0 |
Total recorded in other comprehensive income | (7) | (4) | 5 |
Net periodic benefit cost | 4 | 2 | 2 |
Total recorded in other comprehensive income and net periodic benefit cost | $ (3) | $ (2) | $ 7 |
Pension and Other Postretire_12
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Postretirement Assumptions and Trends (Details) - Postemployment Retirement Benefits | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Weighted average assumptions used to determine the company's obligations | |||
Discount rate | 7.30% | 4.22% | |
Weighted average assumptions used to determine the company's net periodic benefit cost | |||
Discount rate | 4.22% | 3.69% | 4.42% |
U.S. Plans | |||
Assumptions used in measuring benefit obligation | |||
2022 increase in per capita cost | 6.82% | ||
Ultimate trend | 4.50% | ||
Year ultimate trend reached | 2032 | ||
Canada | |||
Assumptions used in measuring benefit obligation | |||
2022 increase in per capita cost | 4.82% | ||
Ultimate trend | 4.05% | ||
Year ultimate trend reached | 2040 | ||
Brazil | |||
Assumptions used in measuring benefit obligation | |||
2022 increase in per capita cost | 8.68% | ||
Ultimate trend | 8.68% | ||
Year ultimate trend reached | 2022 |
Pension and Other Postretire_13
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Postretirement Benefit Payments (Details) - Postemployment Retirement Benefits $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) |
Expected future benefit payments | |
2023 | $ 5 |
2024 | 4 |
2025 | 4 |
2026 | 4 |
2027 | 4 |
Years 2028 - 2032 | $ 21 |
Pension and Other Postretire_14
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Multiemployer Plans (Details) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) plan | Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) | |
Multiemployer Plans | |||
Multiemployer benefit plan that company contributes to | plan | 1 | ||
Multiemployer plan, maximum contributions by Ingredion | false | ||
Multiemployer plan contributions | $ | $ 10 | $ 14 | $ 14 |
Equity - Preferred Stock (Detai
Equity - Preferred Stock (Details) - $ / shares | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Preferred stock: | ||
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares) | 25,000,000 | 25,000,000 |
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ 0.01 | $ 0.01 |
Preferred stock, issued (in shares) | 0 | 0 |
Preferred stock, outstanding (in shares) | 0 | 0 |
Equity - Treasury Stock (Detail
Equity - Treasury Stock (Details) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | Sep. 26, 2022 | Oct. 22, 2018 | |
Treasury stock: | |||||
Stock repurchase program, number of shares remaining for repurchase | 3,800 | ||||
2018 Stock Repurchase Program | |||||
Treasury stock: | |||||
Stock repurchase program, number of shares authorized | 8,000 | ||||
2022 Stock Repurchase Program | |||||
Treasury stock: | |||||
Stock repurchase program, number of shares authorized | 6,000 | ||||
Treasury Stock | |||||
Treasury stock: | |||||
Purchase/acquisition of treasury stock (in shares) | 1,283 | 765 | 0 | ||
Repurchases of common stock | $ 112 | $ 68 |
Equity - Share Activity (Detail
Equity - Share Activity (Details) - shares shares in Thousands | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Increase (decrease) in common stock, number of shares | |||
Balance at beginning of period (in shares) | 66,657 | 67,016 | 66,818 |
Stock options exercised (in shares) | (182) | (331) | (124) |
Purchase/acquisition of treasury stock (in shares) | (1,283) | (765) | 0 |
Balance at end of period (in shares) | 65,694 | 66,657 | 67,016 |
Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") | Employee | |||
Increase (decrease) in common stock, number of shares | |||
Issuance of share-based awards (in shares) | (95) | (69) | (69) |
Performance shares and other share-based awards | |||
Increase (decrease) in common stock, number of shares | |||
Issuance of share-based awards (in shares) | (43) | (6) | (5) |
Common Stock | |||
Increase (decrease) in common stock, number of shares | |||
Balance at beginning of period (in shares) | 77,811 | 77,811 | 77,811 |
Stock options exercised (in shares) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Purchase/acquisition of treasury stock (in shares) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Balance at end of period (in shares) | 77,811 | 77,811 | 77,811 |
Common Stock | Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") | Employee | |||
Increase (decrease) in common stock, number of shares | |||
Issuance of share-based awards (in shares) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Common Stock | Performance shares and other share-based awards | |||
Increase (decrease) in common stock, number of shares | |||
Issuance of share-based awards (in shares) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Treasury Stock | |||
Increase (decrease) in common stock, number of shares | |||
Balance at beginning of period (in shares) | 11,154 | 10,795 | 10,993 |
Stock options exercised (in shares) | (182) | (331) | (124) |
Purchase/acquisition of treasury stock (in shares) | 1,283 | 765 | 0 |
Balance at end of period (in shares) | 12,117 | 11,154 | 10,795 |
Treasury Stock | Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") | Employee | |||
Increase (decrease) in common stock, number of shares | |||
Issuance of share-based awards (in shares) | (95) | (69) | (69) |
Treasury Stock | Performance shares and other share-based awards | |||
Increase (decrease) in common stock, number of shares | |||
Issuance of share-based awards (in shares) | (43) | (6) | (5) |
Equity - Share-based Payments (
Equity - Share-based Payments (Details) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |||
May 19, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Share-based compensation expense | ||||
Pre-tax compensation expense | $ 29 | $ 23 | $ 23 | |
Income tax benefit | (2) | (2) | (2) | |
Total share-based compensation expense, net of income taxes | $ 27 | 21 | 21 | |
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||
Shares authorized under Stock Incentive Plan (in shares) | 8 | |||
Increase in number of shares available under Stock Incentive Plan (in shares) | 2.5 | |||
Shares available for future grants under Stock Incentive Plan (in shares) | 3.1 | |||
Stock options | ||||
Share-based compensation expense | ||||
Pre-tax compensation expense | $ 4 | 3 | 4 | |
Income tax benefit | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total share-based compensation expense, net of income taxes | 4 | 3 | 4 | |
Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") | Employee | ||||
Share-based compensation expense | ||||
Pre-tax compensation expense | 13 | 12 | 12 | |
Income tax benefit | (1) | (1) | (1) | |
Total share-based compensation expense, net of income taxes | 12 | 11 | 11 | |
Performance shares and other share-based awards | ||||
Share-based compensation expense | ||||
Pre-tax compensation expense | 12 | 8 | 7 | |
Income tax benefit | (1) | (1) | (1) | |
Total share-based compensation expense, net of income taxes | $ 11 | $ 7 | $ 6 |
Equity - Stock Options (Details
Equity - Stock Options (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Assumptions used to measure the fair value of awards | |||
Expected life (in years) | 5 years 6 months | 5 years 6 months | 5 years 6 months |
Risk-free interest rate (as a percent) | 2% | 0.60% | 1.40% |
Expected volatility (as a percent) | 23.80% | 23.20% | 19.80% |
Expected dividend yield (as a percent) | 2.90% | 2.90% | 2.90% |
Stock options, Number of Options | |||
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares) | 2,154 | ||
Granted (in shares) | 281 | 358 | 336 |
Exercised (in shares) | (182) | (331) | (124) |
Cancelled (in shares) | (31) | ||
Outstanding at the end of the period (in shares) | 2,222 | 2,154 | |
Exercisable at the end of the period (in shares) | 1,651 | ||
Stock options, Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share | |||
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share) | $ 90.39 | ||
Granted (in dollars per share) | 88.66 | ||
Exercised (in dollars per share) | 61.90 | ||
Cancelled (in dollars per share) | 103.55 | ||
Outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars per share) | 92.32 | $ 90.39 | |
Exercisable at the end of the period (in dollars per share) | $ 93.79 | ||
Additional information pertaining to stock options | |||
Average Remaining Contractual Term, Outstanding | 5 years 1 month 28 days | 5 years 3 months 3 days | |
Average Remaining Contractual Term, Exercisable | 4 years 10 days | ||
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding (in dollars) | $ 24 | $ 26 | |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable (in dollars) | 18 | ||
Cash received from exercise of stock options | $ 11 | $ 21 | $ 6 |
Weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted (in dollars per share) | $ 15.04 | $ 12.31 | $ 11.48 |
Total intrinsic value of stock options exercised (in dollars) | $ 6 | $ 10 | $ 5 |
Stock options | |||
Share-based compensation | |||
Term of award | 10 years | ||
Period of vesting | 3 years | ||
Additional information pertaining to stock options | |||
Unrecognized compensation cost | $ 3 | ||
Weighted-average period for amortization of unrecognized compensation cost | 1 year 8 months 12 days |
Equity - Restricted Stock Units
Equity - Restricted Stock Units (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | |
Other disclosures | ||||
Share-based payments subject to redemption | $ 48 | $ 36 | $ 30 | $ 31 |
Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") | Employee | ||||
Share-based compensation | ||||
Vesting terms | 3 years | |||
Restricted stock unit activity | ||||
Non-vested at the beginning of the period (in shares) | 486 | |||
Granted (in shares) | 213 | |||
Vested (in shares) | (132) | |||
Cancelled (in shares) | (50) | |||
Non-vested at the end of the period (in shares) | 517 | 486 | ||
Weighted-average fair value per share | ||||
Non-vested at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share) | $ 88.34 | |||
Granted (in dollars per share) | 88.80 | |||
Vested (in dollars per share) | 90.74 | |||
Cancelled (in dollars per share) | 87.14 | |||
Non-vested at the end of the period (in dollars per share) | $ 88.04 | $ 88.34 | ||
Other disclosures | ||||
Fair value of awards vested during the year | $ 12 | $ 12 | $ 17 | |
Unrecognized compensation cost | $ 17 | |||
Weighted-average period for amortization of unrecognized compensation cost | 1 year 8 months 12 days | |||
Share-based payments subject to redemption | $ 28 | $ 25 |
Equity - Performance Shares (De
Equity - Performance Shares (Details) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |||
Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) metric tranche $ / shares shares | Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares | Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares | Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) | |
Share-based compensation | ||||
Share-based payments subject to redemption | $ 48 | $ 36 | $ 30 | $ 31 |
Performance Shares | ||||
Share-based compensation | ||||
Number of tranches | metric | 2 | |||
Granted (in shares) | shares | 86 | 108 | 81 | |
Weighted-average fair value per share, Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | $ 138.85 | $ 100.29 | $ 94.48 | |
Cancelled (in shares) | shares | 2,000 | |||
Unrecognized compensation cost | $ 8 | |||
Remaining requisite service period (in years) | 1 year 8 months 12 days | |||
Share-based payments subject to redemption | $ 20 | $ 11 | ||
Performance shares, vesting based on TSR | ||||
Share-based compensation | ||||
Vesting terms | 3 years | |||
Percentage of share-based compensation award | 50% | |||
Performance shares calculation period | 3 years | |||
Performance shares, vesting based on TSR | Maximum | ||||
Share-based compensation | ||||
Performance shares available for vesting (as a percent) | 200% | |||
Performance shares, vesting based on Adjusted ROIC | ||||
Share-based compensation | ||||
Vesting terms | 3 years | |||
Percentage of share-based compensation award | 50% | |||
Performance shares calculation period | 3 years | |||
Performance shares, vesting based on Adjusted ROIC | Minimum | ||||
Share-based compensation | ||||
Performance shares available for vesting (as a percent) | 0% | |||
Performance shares, vesting based on Adjusted ROIC | Maximum | ||||
Share-based compensation | ||||
Performance shares available for vesting (as a percent) | 200% | |||
2021 Awards | Performance Shares | ||||
Share-based compensation | ||||
Number of tranches | tranche | 2 | |||
2021 Awards | Performance shares, vesting based on Adjusted ROIC | ||||
Share-based compensation | ||||
Performance shares available for vesting (as a percent) | 100% | |||
2019 Awards | Performance Shares | ||||
Share-based compensation | ||||
Award pay out achieved (as a percent) | 0% | |||
2020 Awards | Performance Shares | ||||
Share-based compensation | ||||
Estimated pay out (as a percent) | 75% |
Equity - Other Share-based Awar
Equity - Other Share-based Awards under the SIP (Details) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Other share-based awards under the SIP | |||
Amount of Directors' retainer paid in stock | $ 150 | ||
Percentage of additional Directors' retainer paid in stock | 50% | ||
Total share-based compensation expense included in net income | $ 29,000 | $ 23,000 | $ 23,000 |
Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") | Director | |||
Other share-based awards under the SIP | |||
Minimum period over which deferred shares may be transferred after director's termination of service | 6 months | ||
Total share-based compensation expense included in net income | $ 2,000 | $ 2,000 | $ 2,000 |
Awards outstanding (in shares) | 230 | ||
Carrying value of share units outstanding | $ 15,000 |
Equity - AOCL (Details)
Equity - AOCL (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | |||
Balance at the beginning of the period | $ 3,100 | ||
Balance at the end of the period | 3,147 | $ 3,100 | |
Cumulative Translation Adjustment | |||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | |||
Balance at the beginning of the period | (903) | (1,114) | $ (1,089) |
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassification adjustments | (105) | (100) | (25) |
Loss (gain) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | 0 | 311 | 0 |
Tax (provision) benefit | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Net other comprehensive (loss) income | (105) | 211 | (25) |
Balance at the end of the period | (1,008) | (903) | (1,114) |
Hedging Activities | |||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | |||
Balance at the beginning of the period | 48 | 42 | (9) |
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassification adjustments | 210 | 218 | 5 |
Loss (gain) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | (268) | (209) | 65 |
Tax (provision) benefit | 16 | (3) | (19) |
Net other comprehensive (loss) income | (42) | 6 | 51 |
Balance at the end of the period | 6 | 48 | 42 |
Pension and Postretirement Adjustment | |||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | |||
Balance at the beginning of the period | (42) | (61) | (60) |
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassification adjustments | (5) | 28 | (2) |
Loss (gain) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tax (provision) benefit | 1 | (9) | 1 |
Net other comprehensive (loss) income | (4) | 19 | (1) |
Balance at the end of the period | (46) | (42) | (61) |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | |||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | |||
Balance at the beginning of the period | (897) | (1,133) | (1,158) |
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassification adjustments | 100 | 146 | (22) |
Loss (gain) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | (268) | 102 | 65 |
Tax (provision) benefit | 17 | (12) | (18) |
Net other comprehensive (loss) income | (151) | 236 | 25 |
Balance at the end of the period | $ (1,048) | $ (897) | $ (1,133) |
Equity - EPS (Details)
Equity - EPS (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Sep. 30, 2022 | Jun. 30, 2022 | Mar. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Sep. 30, 2021 | Jun. 30, 2021 | Mar. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Basic EPS: | |||||||||||
Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders, Basic | $ 492 | $ 117 | $ 348 | ||||||||
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic | 66.2 | 67.1 | 67.2 | ||||||||
Basic earnings per common share of Ingredion (in dollars per share) | $ 1.73 | $ 1.61 | $ 2.14 | $ 1.94 | $ 1 | $ 1.76 | $ 2.65 | $ (3.66) | $ 7.43 | $ 1.74 | $ 5.18 |
Effect of Dilutive Securities: | |||||||||||
Incremental shares from assumed exercise of dilutive stock options and vesting of dilutive RSUs and other awards | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.4 | ||||||||
Diluted EPS: | |||||||||||
Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders, Diluted | $ 492 | $ 117 | $ 348 | ||||||||
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - diluted, Total | 67 | 67.8 | 67.6 | ||||||||
Diluted earnings per common share of Ingredion (in dollars per share) | $ 1.71 | $ 1.59 | $ 2.12 | $ 1.92 | $ 0.99 | $ 1.75 | $ 2.62 | $ (3.66) | $ 7.34 | $ 1.73 | $ 5.15 |
Antidilutive securities excluded in calculation of diluted EPS: | |||||||||||
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share amount | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.7 |
Information by Segment and Ge_3
Information by Segment and Geographic Region - Net Sales and Operating Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Sep. 30, 2022 | Jun. 30, 2022 | Mar. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Sep. 30, 2021 | Jun. 30, 2021 | Mar. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Segment information | |||||||||||
Net sales | $ 1,987 | $ 2,023 | $ 2,044 | $ 1,892 | $ 1,755 | $ 1,763 | $ 1,762 | $ 1,614 | $ 7,946 | $ 6,894 | $ 5,987 |
Subtotal | 787 | 685 | 659 | ||||||||
Acquisition/integration costs | (1) | (3) | (11) | ||||||||
Restructuring/impairment charges | (4) | (47) | (93) | ||||||||
Impairment on disposition of assets | $ 20 | $ (360) | 0 | (340) | 0 | ||||||
Other matters | (20) | 15 | 27 | ||||||||
Operating income | 762 | 310 | 582 | ||||||||
North America | |||||||||||
Segment information | |||||||||||
Net sales | 4,934 | 4,137 | 3,662 | ||||||||
South America | |||||||||||
Segment information | |||||||||||
Net sales | 1,124 | 1,057 | 919 | ||||||||
Asia- Pacific | |||||||||||
Segment information | |||||||||||
Net sales | 1,107 | 997 | 813 | ||||||||
EMEA | |||||||||||
Segment information | |||||||||||
Net sales | 781 | 703 | 593 | ||||||||
Operating Segments | North America | |||||||||||
Segment information | |||||||||||
Subtotal | 565 | 487 | 487 | ||||||||
Operating Segments | South America | |||||||||||
Segment information | |||||||||||
Subtotal | 169 | 138 | 112 | ||||||||
Operating Segments | Asia- Pacific | |||||||||||
Segment information | |||||||||||
Subtotal | 93 | 87 | 80 | ||||||||
Operating Segments | EMEA | |||||||||||
Segment information | |||||||||||
Subtotal | 110 | 106 | 102 | ||||||||
Corporate, Non-Segment | |||||||||||
Segment information | |||||||||||
Subtotal | $ (150) | $ (133) | $ (122) |
Information by Segment and Ge_4
Information by Segment and Geographic Region - Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Segment information | ||
Total assets | $ 7,561 | $ 6,999 |
North America | ||
Segment information | ||
Total assets | 4,499 | 4,203 |
South America | ||
Segment information | ||
Total assets | 949 | 799 |
Asia- Pacific | ||
Segment information | ||
Total assets | 1,467 | 1,403 |
EMEA | ||
Segment information | ||
Total assets | $ 646 | $ 594 |
Information by Segment and Ge_5
Information by Segment and Geographic Region - Depreciation, Store Expense and Capital Expenditures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Segment information | |||
Depreciation and amortization | $ 215 | $ 220 | $ 213 |
Mechanical stores expense | 55 | 55 | 54 |
Capital expenditures and mechanical stores purchases: | 300 | 300 | 340 |
North America | |||
Segment information | |||
Depreciation and amortization | 145 | 146 | 147 |
Mechanical stores expense | 43 | 43 | 39 |
Capital expenditures and mechanical stores purchases: | 178 | 166 | 243 |
South America | |||
Segment information | |||
Depreciation and amortization | 18 | 18 | 19 |
Mechanical stores expense | 4 | 6 | 7 |
Capital expenditures and mechanical stores purchases: | 31 | 38 | 39 |
Asia- Pacific | |||
Segment information | |||
Depreciation and amortization | 37 | 40 | 32 |
Mechanical stores expense | 4 | 3 | 4 |
Capital expenditures and mechanical stores purchases: | 72 | 81 | 46 |
EMEA | |||
Segment information | |||
Depreciation and amortization | 15 | 16 | 15 |
Mechanical stores expense | 4 | 3 | 4 |
Capital expenditures and mechanical stores purchases: | $ 19 | $ 15 | $ 12 |
Information by Segment and Ge_6
Information by Segment and Geographic Region - Sales and Long-lived Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Sep. 30, 2022 | Jun. 30, 2022 | Mar. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Sep. 30, 2021 | Jun. 30, 2021 | Mar. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Segment information | |||||||||||
Net sales | $ 1,987 | $ 2,023 | $ 2,044 | $ 1,892 | $ 1,755 | $ 1,763 | $ 1,762 | $ 1,614 | $ 7,946 | $ 6,894 | $ 5,987 |
Long-lived Assets | 2,938 | 2,940 | 2,938 | 2,940 | |||||||
U.S. | |||||||||||
Segment information | |||||||||||
Net sales | 2,978 | 2,509 | 2,284 | ||||||||
Long-lived Assets | 1,289 | 1,317 | 1,289 | 1,317 | |||||||
Mexico | |||||||||||
Segment information | |||||||||||
Net sales | 1,444 | 1,170 | 984 | ||||||||
Long-lived Assets | 309 | 320 | 309 | 320 | |||||||
Brazil | |||||||||||
Segment information | |||||||||||
Net sales | 720 | 586 | 447 | ||||||||
Long-lived Assets | 209 | 189 | 209 | 189 | |||||||
Canada | |||||||||||
Segment information | |||||||||||
Net sales | 512 | 459 | 393 | ||||||||
Long-lived Assets | 273 | 272 | 273 | 272 | |||||||
Korea | |||||||||||
Segment information | |||||||||||
Net sales | 356 | 323 | 268 | ||||||||
Thailand | |||||||||||
Segment information | |||||||||||
Long-lived Assets | 153 | 156 | 153 | 156 | |||||||
China | |||||||||||
Segment information | |||||||||||
Long-lived Assets | 144 | 128 | 144 | 128 | |||||||
Germany | |||||||||||
Segment information | |||||||||||
Long-lived Assets | 126 | 135 | 126 | 135 | |||||||
Others | |||||||||||
Segment information | |||||||||||
Net sales | 1,936 | 1,847 | $ 1,611 | ||||||||
Long-lived Assets | $ 435 | $ 423 | $ 435 | $ 423 |
Commitments and Contingencies (
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 1 Months Ended | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | ||
May 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Commitments and Contingencies | |||||
Tax benefit related to the exclusion of certain tax incentives | $ 27 | $ 27 | |||
Brazilian deferred tax credits | 4 | 4 | $ 5 | ||
Reduction in Taxes | Foreign Tax Authority | Brazil | |||||
Commitments and Contingencies | |||||
Brazilian deferred tax credits | 0 | 0 | 5 | ||
Reduction in Taxes | Foreign Tax Authority | Brazil | Other Assets and Prepaid Expenses | |||||
Commitments and Contingencies | |||||
Remaining indirect tax credits | $ 17 | $ 17 | 41 | ||
Reduction in Taxes | Foreign Tax Authority | Tax years 2005 - 2014 | Other Operating Income (Expense) | Brazil | |||||
Commitments and Contingencies | |||||
Foreign tax benefits | $ 35 | ||||
Reduction in Taxes | Foreign Tax Authority | Tax years 2015 - 2018 | Brazil | |||||
Commitments and Contingencies | |||||
Amount of indirect tax credits expected to receive | $ 15 | ||||
Reduction in Taxes | Foreign Tax Authority | Tax years 2015 - 2018 | Other Operating Income (Expense) | Brazil | |||||
Commitments and Contingencies | |||||
Foreign tax benefits | $ 15 |
Supplementary Information - Acc
Supplementary Information - Accounts Receivable, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Supplementary Information | ||
Accounts receivable — trade | $ 1,200 | $ 950 |
Accounts receivable — other | 228 | 193 |
Allowance for credit losses | (17) | (13) |
Total accounts receivable | $ 1,411 | $ 1,130 |
Supplementary Information - Inv
Supplementary Information - Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Supplementary Information | ||
Finished and in process | $ 962 | $ 688 |
Raw materials | 539 | 380 |
Manufacturing supplies | 96 | 104 |
Total inventories | $ 1,597 | $ 1,172 |
Supplementary Information - PP&
Supplementary Information - PP&E (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Property, plant and equipment and depreciation | |||
Property, plant and equipment, at cost | $ 5,733 | $ 5,655 | |
Accumulated depreciation | (3,326) | (3,232) | |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 2,407 | 2,423 | |
Amount of interest capitalized to PP&E | 4 | 4 | $ 7 |
Depreciation expense | 189 | 194 | $ 183 |
Land | |||
Property, plant and equipment and depreciation | |||
Property, plant and equipment, at cost | 199 | 206 | |
Buildings | |||
Property, plant and equipment and depreciation | |||
Property, plant and equipment, at cost | 854 | 812 | |
Machinery and equipment | |||
Property, plant and equipment and depreciation | |||
Property, plant and equipment, at cost | $ 4,680 | $ 4,637 |
Supplementary Information - A_2
Supplementary Information - Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Supplementary Information | ||
Compensation-related costs | $ 112 | $ 105 |
Current lease liabilities | 48 | 47 |
Dividends payable | 47 | 44 |
Taxes payable other than income taxes | 45 | 44 |
Other accrued liabilities | 214 | 190 |
Total accrued liabilities | $ 466 | $ 430 |
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position | Total accrued liabilities | Total accrued liabilities |
Supplementary Information - Oth
Supplementary Information - Other Non-Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Non-current liabilities: | ||
Deferred tax liabilities | $ 145 | $ 165 |
Non-current operating lease liabilities | 146 | 154 |
Pension and postretirement liabilities | 101 | 123 |
Other | 85 | 82 |
Total other non-current liabilities | $ 477 | $ 524 |
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position | Total other non-current liabilities | Total other non-current liabilities |
Supplementary Information - Sup
Supplementary Information - Supplemental Income Statements and Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Supplemental Income Statements Information | |||
Research and development expense | $ 52 | $ 43 | $ 43 |
Supplemental Cash Flow Information | |||
Interest paid | 82 | 72 | 78 |
Income taxes paid | $ 187 | $ 168 | $ 120 |
Supplementary Information - Qua
Supplementary Information - Quarterly Financial Data (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Sep. 30, 2022 | Jun. 30, 2022 | Mar. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Sep. 30, 2021 | Jun. 30, 2021 | Mar. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Quarterly Financial Data [Abstract] | |||||||||||
Net sales | $ 1,987 | $ 2,023 | $ 2,044 | $ 1,892 | $ 1,755 | $ 1,763 | $ 1,762 | $ 1,614 | $ 7,946 | $ 6,894 | $ 5,987 |
Gross profit | 351 | 374 | 390 | 379 | 290 | 323 | 367 | 351 | 1,494 | 1,331 | 1,272 |
Net income attributable to Ingredion | $ 114 | $ 106 | $ 142 | $ 130 | $ 67 | $ 118 | $ 178 | $ (246) | $ 492 | $ 117 | $ 348 |
Basic earnings per common share of Ingredion (in dollars per share) | $ 1.73 | $ 1.61 | $ 2.14 | $ 1.94 | $ 1 | $ 1.76 | $ 2.65 | $ (3.66) | $ 7.43 | $ 1.74 | $ 5.18 |
Diluted earnings per common share of Ingredion (in dollars per share) | 1.71 | 1.59 | 2.12 | 1.92 | 0.99 | 1.75 | 2.62 | (3.66) | $ 7.34 | $ 1.73 | $ 5.15 |
Dividends declared (in dollars per share) | $ 0.71 | $ 0.71 | $ 0.65 | $ 0.65 | $ 0.65 | $ 0.65 | $ 0.64 | $ 0.64 |
Supplementary Information - Add
Supplementary Information - Additional Quarterly Financial Data (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Sep. 30, 2022 | Jun. 30, 2022 | Mar. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Sep. 30, 2021 | Jun. 30, 2021 | Mar. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Supplementary Information | |||||||||||
Impairment on disposition of assets | $ (20) | $ 360 | $ 0 | $ 340 | $ 0 | ||||||
Restructuring charges, after tax | $ 1 | $ 2 | 7 | $ 2 | 8 | ||||||
Income (charges) for tax matters | $ 16 | $ (2) | $ 1 | 1 | $ (4) | (4) | 32 | (3) | |||
Acquisition/integration costs, after tax | 4 | $ 1 | 1 | $ 4 | 4 | $ 1 | |||||
Income (charges) for other matters, after tax | $ (8) | $ (7) | 12 | 10 | |||||||
Amount of benefit in equity method acquisition charges | $ 3 | ||||||||||
Restructuring and impairment costs, after tax | 19 | ||||||||||
Amount of benefit in after-tax, fair value adjustment to equity investments | $ 5 |