Summary of Significant Accounting Standards | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Standards and Policies For detailed information about the Company’s significant accounting standards, please refer to Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. Except for the items listed below, there have been no other changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) that introduced a five-step revenue recognition model in which an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The ASU requires disclosures sufficient to enable users to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers, including qualitative and quantitative disclosures about contracts with customers, significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. The FASB also issued additional ASUs to provide further updates and clarification to this Update, including ASU 2015-14, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12 and ASU 2016-20. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. As of January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , and all the related amendments (“new revenue standard”). The Company performed detailed procedures to review its revenue contracts held with its customers and did not identify any changes to the nature, amount, timing or uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the contracts with customers as a result of the new revenue standard. The new revenue standard requires the Company to recognize revenue under the core principle to depict the transfer of products to customers in an amount reflecting the consideration the Company expects to receive. In order to achieve that core principle, the Company applies the following five-step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied. The Company identified customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by a master sales agreement, as the contracts with its customers. For each contract, the Company considers the transfer of products, each of which is distinct, to be the identified performance obligation. In determining the transaction price for the performance obligation, the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to adjustment to determine the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. The pricing model can be fixed or variable within the contract. The variable pricing model is based on historical commodity pricing and is determinable prior to completion of the performance obligation. Additionally, the Company has certain sales adjustments for volume incentive discounts and other discount arrangements that reduce the transaction price. The reduction of transaction price is estimated using the expected value method based on an analysis of historical volume incentives or discounts, over a period of time considered adequate to account for current pricing and business trends. Historically, actual volume incentives and discounts relative to those estimated and included when determining the transaction price have not materially differed. The product price as specified in the contract, net of any discounts, is considered the standalone selling price as it is an observable input which depicts the price as if sold to a similar customer in similar circumstances. Payment is received shortly after the performance obligation is satisfied, therefore, the Company has elected the practical expedient under ASC 606-10-32-18 to not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component. Revenue is recognized when the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied and control is transferred to the customer, which occurs at a point in time, either upon delivery to an agreed upon location or to the customer. Further, in determining whether control has transferred, the Company considers if there is a present right to payment and legal title, along with risks and rewards of ownership having transferred to the customer. Historically, the Company included warehousing costs as a reduction of net sales before shipping and handling costs. In connection with the adoption of the new revenue standard, the Company determined these warehousing costs which were previously included as a reduction in net sales before shipping and handling costs are more appropriately classified as fulfillment activities. Therefore, upon adoption of the new revenue standard, the Company elected to include these costs within shipping and handling costs. The Company has elected to continue to classify shipping and handling costs as a reduction of net sales after implementing the new revenue standard consistent with its historical presentation. The Company has elected to make this adjustment on a retrospective basis, resulting in the change to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income shown below. The Company notes that the reclassification does not change reported net sales. Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 (in millions) As Reported As Adjusted As Reported As Adjusted Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income: Net sales before shipping and handling costs $ 1,574 $ 1,591 $ 4,653 $ 4,701 Less: shipping and handling costs 89 106 258 306 Net sales $ 1,485 $ 1,485 $ 4,395 $ 4,395 The Company used the full retrospective method, which requires the restatement of all previously presented financial results. The adoption of the new standard did not result in any retrospective changes to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity and Redeemable Equity, or the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. For detailed information about the Company’s revenue recognition refer to Note 4 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. ASU No. 2017-07, Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost . This Update requires an entity to change the classification of the net periodic benefit cost for pension and postretirement plans within the statement of income by eliminating the ability to net all of the components of the costs together within operating income. The Update requires the service cost component to continue to be presented within operating income, classified within either cost of sales or operating expenses depending on the employees covered within the plan. The remaining components of the net periodic benefit cost, however, must be presented in the statement of income as a non-operating income (loss) below operating income. The Update was effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. As of January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the amendments to ASC 715. The Company retrospectively adopted the presentation of service cost separate from the other components of net periodic costs for all periods presented. The interest cost, expected return on assets, amortization of prior service costs, net remeasurement, and other costs have been reclassified from cost of sales and operating expenses to other, non-operating income . The Company elected to apply the practical expedient which allows it to reclassify amounts disclosed previously in the retirement benefits note as the basis for applying retrospective presentation for comparative periods as it is impracticable to determine the disaggregation of the cost components for amounts capitalized and amortized in those periods. On a prospective basis, the other components of net periodic benefit costs will not be included in amounts capitalized in inventory. The adoption of the new standard did not result in any retrospective changes to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity and Redeemable Equity, or the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The adoption of the new standard impacted the presentation of the Company’s previously reported results in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Note 6 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 (in millions) As Reported As Adjusted As Reported As Adjusted Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income: Cost of sales $ 1,097 $ 1,097 $ 3,282 $ 3,283 Gross profit 388 388 1,113 1,112 Operating expenses 152 154 458 462 Operating income 233 231 639 634 Other, non-operating income — (2) — (5) Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 (in millions) As Reported As Adjusted As Reported As Adjusted Operating income: North America $ 179 $ 177 $ 520 $ 515 South America 26 26 44 45 Asia Pacific 29 30 88 90 EMEA 26 26 83 83 Corporate (19) (20) (61) (64) Subtotal 241 239 674 669 Total operating income $ 233 $ 231 $ 639 $ 634 Adoption of Highly Inflationary Accounting in Argentina ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters requires the use of highly inflationary accounting for countries whose cumulative three-year inflation exceeds 100 percent. The Company has been closely monitoring the inflation data and currency volatility in Argentina, where there are multiple data sources for measuring and reporting inflation. In the second quarter of 2018, the Argentine peso rapidly devalued relative to the U.S. dollar, which along with increased inflation, triggered that the three-year cumulative inflation in that country exceeded 100 percent as of June 30, 2018. As a result, the Company elected to adopt highly inflationary accounting as of July 1, 2018 for its affiliate, Ingredion Argentina S.A. (“Argentina”). Under highly inflationary accounting, Argentina’s functional currency becomes the U.S. dollar, and its income statement and balance sheet will be measured in U.S. dollars using both current and historical rates of exchange. The effect of changes in exchange rates on Argentine peso-denominated monetary assets and liabilities will be reflected in earnings in financing costs. For the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized a $3 million charge related to the remeasurement of Argentina’s balance sheet. Net sales of Argentina were approximately three percent of the Company’s consolidated net sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall . The amendments in ASU 2016-01 are intended to improve the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial assets and liabilities to provide users of financial statements with information that is more useful for decision-making purposes. Among other changes, ASU 2016-01 requires equity securities to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized through net income and no longer through other comprehensive income. The Company is required to apply the guidance by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company adopted the amendments to ASC 825 by recognizing a $2 million cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings and accumulated other comprehensive income, classified in “other” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity and Redeemable Equity. Prospectively the Company will recognize changes in the fair value of its equity securities through other income, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income: In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income . This Update allows for the reclassification of stranded tax effects on items resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. Tax effects unrelated to the 2017 Tax Act are released from AOCI using either the specific identification approach or the portfolio approach based on the nature of the underlying item. The Company early adopted the provisions of ASU No. 2018-02 during the third quarter of 2018 using the specific identification approach and reclassified $5 million from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings, classified in “other” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity and Redeemable Equity. New Accounting Standards In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which supersedes Topic 840, Leases . This Update increases the transparency and comparability of organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for leases longer than 12 months and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee have not significantly changed. The FASB also issued ASU 2018-11 to provide further updates and clarification to this Update. This Update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company currently plans to adopt the standard on January 1, 2019. Adoption will require a modified retrospective approach for the transition. The Company expects the adoption of the guidance in this Update to have a material impact on its Consolidated Balance Sheets as operating leases will be recognized both as assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s adoption process is ongoing, including evaluating and quantifying the impact on its consolidated financial statements, identifying the population of leases, implementing a selected technology solution and collecting and validating lease data. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment . This Update simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill as the Update eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, under the Update, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should then recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, with the loss recognized not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This Update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. This Update modifies accounting guidance for hedge accounting by making more hedge strategies eligible for hedge accounting, amending presentation and disclosure requirements, and changing how companies assess ineffectiveness. The intent is to simplify the application of hedge accounting and increase transparency of information about an entity’s risk management activities. The amended guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of assessing the effects of these updates including potential changes to existing hedging arrangements, as well as the implementation approach for accounting for these changes. The Company intends to adopt this standard on January 1, 2019. Significant Accounting Policies Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets: ASC Topic 350 requires that an entity test its goodwill balance for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually. Historically, the Company has performed this test on October 1, the first day of its fourth quarter. During the first half of 2018, the Company elected to change the timing of its annual goodwill impairment test and annual indefinite-lived intangibles impairment test from the first day of the fourth quarter to the first day of the third quarter. Management believes this voluntary change is preferable as the timing of its annual impairment testing will better align with its annual strategic planning process. This impairment test date change was applied prospectively beginning on July 1, 2018 and had no effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Goodwill ($792 million and $803 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively) represents the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the fair value assigned to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company also has indefinite lived intangible assets of $178 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The carrying value of goodwill by reportable business segment at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was as follows: North South Asia (in millions) America America Pacific EMEA Total Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 610 $ 26 $ 85 $ 63 $ 784 Acquisitions (10) (a) — 15 — 5 Currency translation — — 7 7 14 Balance at December 31, 2017 600 26 107 70 803 Acquisitions — — — — — Currency translation — (5) (3) (3) (11) Balance at September 30, 2018 $ 600 $ 21 $ 104 $ 67 $ 792 (a) Related to TIC Gums Incorporated (“TIC Gums”) purchase price accounting adjustments The original carrying value of goodwill by reportable business segment and accumulated impairment charges by reportable business segment at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows: North South Asia (in millions) America America Pacific EMEA Total Goodwill before impairment charges $ 601 $ 59 $ 228 $ 70 $ 958 Accumulated impairment charges (1) (33) (121) — (155) Balance at December 31, 2017 600 26 107 70 803 Goodwill before impairment charges 601 54 225 67 947 Accumulated impairment charges (1) (121) — (155) Balance at September 30, 2018 $ 600 $ 21 $ 104 $ 67 $ 792 The following table summarizes the Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets for the periods presented: (in millions) Balance at September 30, 2018 Balance at December 31, 2017 Trademarks/tradenames (indefinite-lived) $ 178 $ 178 The Company assesses goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise). The Company has chosen to perform this annual impairment assessment as of July 1 of each year. In testing goodwill for impairment, the Company first assesses qualitative factors in determining whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. After assessing the qualitative factors, if the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount then the Company does not perform the two-step impairment test. If the Company concludes otherwise, then it performs the first step of the two-step impairment test as described in ASC Topic 350. In the first step (“Step One”), the fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of its net assets, goodwill is not considered impaired and no further testing is required. If the carrying value of the net assets exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, a second step (“Step Two”) of the impairment assessment is performed in order to determine the implied fair value of a reporting unit's goodwill. Determining the implied fair value of goodwill requires a valuation of the reporting unit's tangible and intangible assets and liabilities in a manner similar to the allocation of purchase price in a business combination. If the carrying value of the reporting unit's goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of its goodwill, goodwill is deemed impaired and is written down to the extent of the difference. Based on the results of the annual assessment, the Company concluded that as of July 1, 2018, it was more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting units was greater than their carrying value. The Company continues to monitor its reporting units in struggling economies and recent acquisitions for challenges in the business that may negatively impact the fair value of these reporting units. In testing indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment, the Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. After assessing the qualitative factors, if the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount, then it would not be required to compute the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset. In the event the qualitative assessment leads the Company to conclude otherwise, then it would be required to determine the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset and perform the quantitative impairment test in accordance with ASC subtopic 350-30. In performing the qualitative analysis, the Company considers various factors including net sales derived from these intangibles and certain market and industry conditions. Based on the results of this qualitative assessment, the Company concluded that as of July 1, 2018, it was more likely than not that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets was greater than their carrying value. |