Share-Based Compensation and Capital Stock | Share-Based Compensation and Capital Stock Dividends The Company currently pays a quarterly dividend on its common stock of $0.225 per share, however the declaration of future dividends is subject to the discretion of the board of directors. The Company may not declare or make any payment if there is an existing event of default under the Restated Credit Agreement or if the payment would create an event of default. During the year ended December 31, 2019 , the Company's quarterly dividend rate was $0.215 per share for the first three quarters. In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company's board of directors announced an increase in the quarterly dividend rate to $0.225 per share. Annual dividends declared during the year ended December 31, 2019 were $0.87 per share or $48.5 million . During the year ended December 31, 2018 , the Company's quarterly dividend rate was $0.215 per share. Annual dividends declared during the year ended December 31, 2018 were $0.86 per share or $48.4 million . During the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company's quarterly dividend rate was $0.215 per share. Annual dividends declared during the year ended December 31, 2017 were $0.86 per share or $48.6 million . In addition, during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 , the Company paid previously declared but unrecorded dividends totaling $0.2 million , $0.1 million , and $0.1 million , respectively, that were contingent upon the vesting of performance vested restricted units. Share-Based Compensation The Company recognizes compensation cost related to share-based payment transactions in the financial statements based on the fair value of the equity or liability instruments issued. Compensation expense related to the fair value of share-based awards is recognized over the requisite service period based on an estimate of those awards that will ultimately vest. The Company estimates the share-based compensation expense for awards that will ultimately vest at the inception of the grant. Over the life of the grant, the estimate of share-based compensation expense for awards with performance and/or service requirements is adjusted so that compensation cost is recognized only for awards that ultimately vest. The Company has stock compensation plans pursuant to which it is authorized to grant stock-based awards of which 2.8 million shares of the Company's common stock remain available for grant as of December 31, 2019 . The Company’s policy allows the issuance of new or treasury shares to satisfy stock-based awards. Restricted stock, stock options, stock appreciation rights and performance share awards may be granted to officers, key employees and non-employee directors with contractual terms set by the Compensation and Management Development Committee of the Board of Directors. Stock Options The Company granted approximately 0.1 million , 0.1 million and 0.2 million options to certain employees of the Company at a fair value of approximately $2.2 million , $1.8 million and $2.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. The stock options granted by the Company had an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of the options granted was estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions: 2019 2018 2017 Risk-free interest rate 2.46 % 2.58 % 1.76 % Expected volatility 21.49 % 21.17 % 21.64 % Expected life of stock option 4.4 years 4.6 years 4.6 years Dividend yield 1.06 % 1.05 % 1.42 % Requisite service period 4 years 4 years 4 years Contractual life 7 years 7 years 7 years Weighted average fair value of options granted (per option) $ 15.84 $ 16.27 $ 10.81 The expected life of the options and volatility are based on the historical data which is believed to be indicative of future exercise patterns and volatility. Historical volatility is calculated based on a period that corresponds to the expected life of the stock option. The dividend yield and the risk-free rate of return are calculated on the grant date based on the then current dividend rate and the risk-free rate for the period corresponding to the expected life of the stock option. Compensation expense related to the fair value of these awards is recognized straight-line over the requisite service period based on those awards that ultimately vest. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2019 was $36.5 million and $24.8 million , respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $15.8 million , $26.4 million and $9.2 million , respectively. The Company received $21.4 million , $41.4 million and $14.1 million in proceeds from the exercise of 0.4 million , 0.8 million and 0.4 million employee stock options during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 2019 : Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Range of Exercise Prices Number Outstanding at December 31, 2019 Weighted Average Weighted Number Exercisable at December 31, 2019 Weighted $39.01 to $48.75 148,737 1.2 years $ 45.59 148,737 $ 45.59 $48.76 to $65.00 477,821 3.1 years $ 56.54 338,814 $ 57.22 $65.01 to $81.55 247,337 5.7 years $ 81.32 26,373 $ 81.55 873,895 3.5 years $ 61.69 513,924 $ 55.10 Restricted Stock The following table is a summary of activity related to restricted stock grants: For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Restricted shares granted 167,731 101,325 175,644 Weighted average grant date fair value per share $ 81.92 $ 81.21 $ 61.84 Aggregate grant date fair value ($000) $ 13,741 $ 8,229 $ 10,862 Restricted shares forfeited 32,735 46,785 30,375 Vesting service period of shares granted 12 - 48 months 12 - 48 months 12 - 48 months Fair value of shares vested ($000) $ 10,671 $ 8,025 $ 12,616 Compensation expense related to the fair value of these awards is recognized straight-line over the requisite service period based on those restricted stock grants that ultimately vest. The fair value of grants is measured by the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Restricted stock awards generally vest ratably over the service period beginning with the first anniversary of the grant date. Awards granted to retirement eligible non-employee directors are recognized over the shorter of the requisite service period or the length of time until retirement since the terms of the grant provide that awards will vest upon retirement. Performance Vested Restricted Stock Units The Company has granted performance vested restricted stock units (“PVRSU”) to certain employees. The fair value is measured by the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The vesting of these stock awards is contingent upon the Company achieving performance targets at the end of specified performance periods and the employees’ continued employment. The performance conditions affect the number of shares that will ultimately vest. The range of possible stock-based awards vesting is generally between 0% and 200% of the initial target. If minimum performance targets are not attained then no awards will vest under the terms of the various PVRSU agreements. Compensation expense related to these awards is recognized over the requisite period based on the Company's estimate of the achievement of the various performance targets. The Company has currently estimated that between 0% and 175% of the various award targets will be achieved. Compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period only on those PVRSUs that ultimately vest. The following table is a summary of activity related to PVRSU grants: For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Performance vested restricted stock units granted at target 83,934 100,919 162,523 Weighted average grant date fair value per share $ 81.15 $ 81.25 $ 60.63 Aggregate grant date fair value ($000) $ 6,811 $ 8,200 $ 9,853 Stock units forfeited 18,379 27,255 74,734 Requisite service period 36 - 48 months 36 - 39 months 30 - 36 months During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 , PVRSUs totaling 73,242 , 31,048 and 39,056 , respectively, vested at a fair value of $5.5 million , $2.5 million , and $1.8 million , respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2019 , an additional 1,583 units were awarded because the Company's performance exceeded the conditions provided in the awards. During the year ended December 31, 2018 , PVRSU award vested at target, therefore no additional PVRSU units were awarded. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , an additional 9,491 PVRSU units were awarded because the Company's performance exceeded the conditions provided in the awards. There were no stock units forfeited from the cancellation of shares for the year ended December 31, 2019 due to the Company not achieving certain performance conditions contained in the stock awards. Stock units forfeited include the cancellation of 416 , and 14,754 shares for the years ended December 2018 and 2017, respectively, since the Company did not achieve certain performance conditions contained in the stock awards. A summary of stock-based award activity as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 and the changes during the years are presented below: 2019 Stock Options Restricted Stock Performance Vested Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Shares Weighted Shares Weighted Outstanding at January 1, 2019 1,186,180 $ 54.13 303,765 $ 65.06 336,820 $ 63.28 Granted 141,827 $ 81.15 167,731 $ 81.92 83,934 $ 81.15 Performance-Based Leveraging* — $ — — $ — 1,583 $ 51.49 Exercised/Vested (446,456 ) $ 47.96 (126,664 ) $ 60.39 (73,242 ) $ 50.69 Expired — $ — — $ — — $ — Forfeited (7,656 ) $ 51.49 (32,735 ) $ 72.54 (18,379 ) $ 72.50 Outstanding at December 31, 2019 873,895 $ 61.69 3.5 years 312,097 $ 75.23 330,716 $ 70.03 Options exercisable at December 31, 2019 513,924 $ 55.10 2.6 years * PVRSU units outstanding have been increased by 1,583 units during the year ended December 31, 2019 , due to the Company exceeding the targeted performance conditions contained in PVRSU's granted in prior periods. 2018 Stock Options Restricted Stock Performance Vested Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Shares Weighted Shares Weighted Outstanding at January 1, 2018 1,976,326 $ 50.80 348,876 $ 57.05 294,204 $ 56.95 Granted 109,045 $ 81.55 101,325 $ 81.21 100,919 $ 81.25 Exercised/Vested (832,809 ) $ 49.66 (99,651 ) $ 55.64 (31,048 ) $ 60.60 Expired (2,018 ) $ 63.47 — $ — — $ — Forfeited (64,364 ) $ 55.79 (46,785 ) $ 60.40 (27,255 ) $ 64.49 Outstanding at December 31, 2018 1,186,180 $ 54.13 3.5 years 303,765 $ 65.06 336,820 $ 63.28 Options exercisable at December 31, 2018 753,681 $ 49.55 2.7 years 2017 Stock Options Restricted Stock Performance Vested Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Shares Weighted Shares Weighted Outstanding at January 1, 2017 2,193,502 $ 48.26 407,812 $ 50.61 235,980 $ 47.59 Granted 195,652 $ 60.70 175,644 $ 61.84 162,523 $ 60.63 Performance-Based Leveraging* — $ — — $ — 9,491 $ 45.59 Exercised/Vested (353,744 ) $ 39.88 (204,205 ) $ 48.61 (39,056 ) $ 46.22 Expired (10,133 ) $ 56.95 — $ — — $ — Forfeited (48,951 ) $ 54.12 (30,375 ) $ 55.02 (74,734 ) $ 39.59 Outstanding at December 31, 2017 1,976,326 $ 50.80 4.1 years 348,876 $ 57.05 294,204 $ 56.95 Options exercisable at December 31, 2017 1,279,500 $ 48.76 3.7 years * PVRSU units outstanding have been increased by 9,491 units during the year ended December 31, 2017 , due to the Company exceeding the targeted performance conditions contained in PVRSUs granted in prior periods. The components of the Company’s pretax stock-based compensation expense and associated income tax benefits are as follows: For the Year Ended December 31, (In millions) 2019 2018 2017 Stock options $ 2.2 $ 2.4 $ 9.2 Restricted stock 8.0 6.8 9.0 Performance vested restricted stock units 6.4 5.8 6.7 Total $ 16.6 $ 15.0 $ 24.9 Income tax benefits $ 4.0 $ 3.6 $ 9.2 The total unrecognized compensation costs related to stock-based awards that have not yet vested and the related weighted average amortization period over which the costs are to be recognized as of December 31, 2019 are as follows: Unrecognized Compensation Expense on Unvested Awards Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Period (in millions) Stock options $ 3.0 2.57 years Restricted stock 15.9 2.52 years Performance vested restricted stock units 8.7 1.83 years Total $ 27.6 Share Repurchases and Redemptions The Company purchased stock under a stock repurchase program to return excess capital to its shareholders. Treasury stock activity is recorded at cost in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. During the year ended December 31, 2019 , the Company repurchased 0.6 million shares of its common stock under the repurchase program at a total cost of $44.1 million . During the year ended December 31, 2018 , the Company repurchased 1.8 million shares of its common stock under the repurchase program at a total cost of $141.2 million . During the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company repurchased 3,100 shares of its common stock under the repurchase program at a total cost of 0.2 million . On a cumulative basis through December 31, 2019 , the Company repurchased 51.1 million shares of its common stock (including 33.0 million prior to the two -for-one stock split effected in October 2005) under the share repurchase program at a total cost of $1.4 billion . During 2019 , the Company redeemed 79,603 shares of common stock at a total cost of $6.5 million from employees to satisfy the option price and minimum tax-withholding requirements related to the exercising of options and vesting of performance vested restricted stock units and restricted stock grants. During 2018 and 2017 , the Company redeemed 92,366 and 154,950 shares of common stock at a total cost of $7.4 million and $9.6 million , respectively. These redemptions were outside the share repurchase program initiated in June 1998. |