Notes Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses | 90 days Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Notes Receivable As of June 30, 2020 Senior $ 15,664 $ — $ 15,664 $ 92,304 $ 107,968 Subordinated — 2,209 2,209 31,075 33,284 Unsecured — — — 2,447 2,447 $ 15,664 $ 2,209 $ 17,873 $ 125,826 $ 143,699 As of December 31, 2019 Senior $ — $ — $ — $ 98,545 $ 98,545 Subordinated — — — 32,153 32,153 Unsecured — — — 2,316 2,316 $ — $ — $ — $ 133,014 $ 133,014 The Company evaluated its off-balance-sheet credit exposure for loan commitments and determined the likelihood of having to perform is remote as of June 30, 2020 . Refer to Note 12 . Variable Interest through Notes Issued The Company has issued notes receivables to certain entities that have created variable interests in these borrowers totaling $125.8 million and $126.5 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively. The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of these variable interest entities ("VIEs"). These loans have stated fixed and/or variable interest amounts." id="sjs-B4">Notes Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses The Company has provided financing in the form of notes receivable loans to franchisees to support the development of properties in strategic markets. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , the Company had $143.7 million and $133.0 million , respectively, in notes receivable loans outstanding. The Company has developed a systematic methodology to determine its allowance for credit losses across our portfolio of notes receivable loans. The Company monitors the risk and performance of our portfolio by the level of security in collateral (i.e., senior, subordinated or unsecured). As each of the Company’s notes receivable loans has unique risk characteristics, the Company deploys its methodology to calculate allowances for credit losses at the individual notes receivable loan level. The Company primarily utilizes a discounted cash flow ("DCF") approach to measure the credit allowance, influenced by the key economic variables of each note receivable loan. The Company identified the key economic variables for these loans to be loan-to-cost ("LTC") or loan-to-value ("LTV") ratios and debt service coverage ratio ("DSCR"). The LTC or LTV ratio represents the loan principal relative to the project cost or value and is an indication of the ability to be re-paid principal at loan maturity. The DSCR represents borrower net operating income as a percentage of the interest and principal payments incurred (i.e., debt service) on all debt of the borrower and is an indication of the ability of the borrower to timely pay amounts due during the term of the loan. The LTC or LTV ratios and DSCR are considered during loan underwriting as indications of risk and, accordingly, we believe these factors are the most representative risk indicators for calculating the allowance for credit loss. Loans with higher LTC or LTV ratios and lower DSCR ratios generally are representative of loans with greater risk and, accordingly, have higher credit allowances as a percentage of loan principal. Conversely, loans with lower LTC or LTV ratios and higher DSCR ratios generally are representative of loans with lesser risk and, accordingly, have lower credit allowances as a percentage of loan principal. The following table shows the composition of the Company's notes receivable balances based on the level of security credit quality indicator: (in thousands) June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Senior $ 107,968 $ 98,545 Subordinated 33,284 32,153 Unsecured 2,447 2,316 Total notes receivable 143,699 133,014 Total allowance for notes receivable credit losses 15,850 4,556 Total notes receivable, net of allowance $ 127,849 $ 128,458 Current portion, net of allowance $ 29,914 $ 25,404 Long-term portion, net of allowance $ 97,935 $ 103,054 Amortized cost basis by year of origination and level of security credit quality indicator are as follows: (in thousands) 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total Senior $ — $ 25,847 $ 20,664 $ 61,457 $ 107,968 Subordinated — 2,364 11,785 19,135 33,284 Unsecured — — 621 1,826 2,447 Total notes receivable $ — $ 28,211 $ 33,070 $ 82,418 $ 143,699 As disclosed in Note 1 , Topic 326 requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to the consolidated balance sheet as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. As of the adoption date of January 1, 2020, the Company established a credit allowance on its notes receivable loans of $12.9 million , an increase from a previous loan allowance of $4.6 million as of December 31, 2019. The cumulative-effect adjustment of adopting Topic 326 of $6.8 million , net of tax impact, is recorded in the consolidated balance sheets in the Retained earnings line item. The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s notes receivable allowance for credit losses, including the impacts of adopting Topic 326. The provisions recorded in the six months ended June 30, 2020 reflect the increased likelihood of adverse outcomes on loans to borrowers with contemplation to impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and estimates of other expected credit losses. (in thousands) June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Beginning balance $ 4,556 $ 4,685 Reserves established from adoption of Topic 326 8,348 — Provision for credit losses 2,946 — Write-offs — (129 ) Ending balance $ 15,850 $ 4,556 The Company considers loans to be past due and in default when payments are not made when due. Although the Company considers loans to be in default if payments are not received on the due date, the Company does not suspend the accrual of interest until those payments are more than 30 days past due. The Company applies payments received for loans on non-accrual status first to interest and then to principal. The Company does not resume interest accrual until all delinquent payments are received. The amortized cost basis of notes receivable on non-accrual status was $29.9 million and $1.7 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively. The Company has identified loans totaling approximately $14.2 million and $16.3 million , respectively, with stated interest rates that are less than market rate, representing a total discount of $1.1 million and $1.3 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively. These discounts are reflected as a reduction of the outstanding loan amounts and are amortized over the life of the related loan. Past due balances of notes receivable by credit quality indicators are as follows: (in thousands) 30-89 days Past Due > 90 days Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Notes Receivable As of June 30, 2020 Senior $ 15,664 $ — $ 15,664 $ 92,304 $ 107,968 Subordinated — 2,209 2,209 31,075 33,284 Unsecured — — — 2,447 2,447 $ 15,664 $ 2,209 $ 17,873 $ 125,826 $ 143,699 As of December 31, 2019 Senior $ — $ — $ — $ 98,545 $ 98,545 Subordinated — — — 32,153 32,153 Unsecured — — — 2,316 2,316 $ — $ — $ — $ 133,014 $ 133,014 The Company evaluated its off-balance-sheet credit exposure for loan commitments and determined the likelihood of having to perform is remote as of June 30, 2020 . Refer to Note 12 . Variable Interest through Notes Issued The Company has issued notes receivables to certain entities that have created variable interests in these borrowers totaling $125.8 million and $126.5 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively. The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of these variable interest entities ("VIEs"). These loans have stated fixed and/or variable interest amounts. |