Realnetworks (RNWK) 10-K 15 Mar 21 2020 FY Annual report Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Mar. 01, 2021	Jun. 30, 2020
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2020
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity File Number	1-37745
Entity Registrant Name	RealNetworks, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	WA
Entity Tax Identification Number	91-1628146
Entity Address, Address Line One	1501 First Avenue South, Suite 600
Entity Address, City or Town	Seattle
Entity Address, State or Province	WA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	98134
City Area Code	206
Local Phone Number	674-2700
Trading Symbol	RNWK
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001046327
Amendment Flag	false
Document Transition Report	false
Title of 12(g) Security	None
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		38,525,790
Entity Public Float			$ 31
Common Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock
Convertible Preferred Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Preferred Share Purchase Rights

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 23,940,000	$ 8,472,000
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances	10,229,000	12,767,000
Deferred costs, current portion	196,000	537,000
Investments	9,965,000	0
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,480,000	4,428,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Assets, Current	0	28,376,000
Total current assets	47,810,000	54,580,000
Equipment, software, and leasehold improvements, at cost:
Equipment and software	30,726,000	31,699,000
Leasehold improvements	2,776,000	3,071,000
Total equipment, software, and leasehold improvements	33,502,000	34,770,000
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	31,631,000	32,350,000
Net equipment, software, and leasehold improvements	1,871,000	2,420,000
Operating lease assets	7,937,000	10,198,000
Restricted cash equivalents	1,630,000	4,880,000
Other assets	4,150,000	1,808,000
Deferred costs, non-current portion	74,000	388,000
Deferred tax assets, net	909,000	761,000
Goodwill	17,375,000	16,908,000
Non-current assets of discontinued operations	0	67,811,000
Total assets	81,756,000	159,754,000
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	2,750,000	4,042,000
Accrued and other current liabilities	17,850,000	17,495,000
Deferred revenue, current portion	2,122,000	2,003,000
Current liabilities of discontinued operations	0	72,641,000
Total current liabilities	22,722,000	96,181,000
Deferred revenue, non-current portion	45,000	96,000
Deferred tax liabilities, net	1,129,000	1,076,000
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent	6,837,000	8,234,000
Long-term Debt	2,895,000	3,900,000
Other long-term liabilities	2,241,000	10,151,000
Non-current liabilities of discontinued operations	0	1,843,000
Total liabilities	35,869,000	121,481,000
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16.)
Shareholders’ equity:
Common Stock, Value, Issued	38,000	38,000
Additional paid-in capital	655,606,000	644,070,000
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(60,641,000)	(61,323,000)
Accumulated deficit	(548,862,000)	(544,010,000)
Total shareholders’ equity	46,149,000	38,775,000
Noncontrolling interests	(262,000)	(502,000)
Total equity	45,887,000	38,273,000
Total liabilities and equity	81,756,000	159,754,000
Preferred stock, Undesignated series
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock	0	0
Preferred stock, Series A
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock	0	0
Series B Preferred Stock
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock	$ 8,000	$ 0

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Pa

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, authorized	250,000,000	250,000,000
Common stock, issued	38,424,000	38,227,000
Common stock, outstanding	38,424,000	38,227,000
Preferred stock, Series A
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Preferred stock, authorized	200,000	200,000
Preferred stock, Undesignated series
Preferred stock, authorized	51,700,000	59,800,000
Series B Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, shares issued	8,065,000	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	8,065,000	0
Preferred stock, authorized	8,100,000	0

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPER

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net revenue	$ 68,062	$ 65,802
Cost of revenue	16,465	17,226
Gross profit	51,597	48,576
Operating expenses:
Research and development	24,319	27,850
Sales and marketing	21,042	23,016
General and administrative	17,331	21,820
Restructuring and other charges	2,529	1,954
Operating Expenses, Total	56,621	75,640
Operating Income (Loss), Total	(5,024)	(27,064)
Other income (expenses):
Interest expense	(20)	0
Interest income	38	98
Gain on equity and other investments, net	111	12,338
Other income (expense), net	(164)	102
Total other income (expenses), net	(35)	12,538
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes	(5,059)	(14,526)
Income tax expense	55	702
Net loss from continuing operations	(5,114)	(15,228)
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	(206)	(6,030)
Net loss	(5,320)	(21,258)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest	(284)	(163)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest of discontinued operations	(184)	(1,094)
Net loss attributable to RealNetworks	(4,852)	(20,001)
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations, Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent	(4,830)	(15,065)
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent	$ (22)	$ (4,936)
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations, Per Basic Share	$ (0.13)	$ (0.40)
Discontinued operations	0	(0.13)
Total net loss per share - Basic	(0.13)	(0.53)
Continuing operations	(0.13)	(0.40)
Discontinued operations	0	(0.13)
Total net loss per share - Diluted	$ (0.13)	$ (0.53)
Shares used to compute basic net loss per share	38,272	37,994
Shares used to compute diluted net loss per share	38,272	37,994
Fair value adjustments to contingent consideration liability	$ (8,600)	$ 1,000

Statement of Comprehensive Inco

Statement of Comprehensive Income (Statement) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (5,320)	$ (21,258)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax	909	(205)
Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest	(4,411)	(21,463)
Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest	(468)	(1,257)
Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent	(3,943)	(20,206)
Accumulated Foreign Currency Adjustment Attributable to Parent [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax	909	(205)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax	$ 682	$ (205)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]
Net loss from continuing operations	$ (5,114,000)	$ (15,228,000)
Adjustment to reconcile net loss from continuing operations to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	944,000	1,195,000
Stock-based compensation	1,420,000	2,881,000
Gain on equity and other investments, net	(111,000)	(12,338,000)
Operating Lease, Impairment Loss	1,055,000	0
Foreign currency (gain) loss	(330,000)	(7,000)
Fair value adjustments to contingent consideration liability	(8,600,000)	1,000,000
Net change in certain operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable	2,587,000	(1,077,000)
Prepaid expenses, operating lease and other assets	3,716,000	5,603,000
Accounts payable	(1,342,000)	145,000
Accrued, lease and other liabilities	(2,777,000)	(3,474,000)
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities, Continuing Operations	(8,083,000)	(21,315,000)
Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities, Discontinued Operations	(2,555,000)	(4,055,000)
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities	(10,638,000)	(25,370,000)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of equipment, software, and leasehold improvements	(408,000)	(949,000)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments	0	24,000
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	0	12,249,000
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities, Continuing Operations	(408,000)	11,324,000
Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities, Discontinued Operations	(2,160,000)	(243,000)
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities	(2,568,000)	11,081,000
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	0	199,000
Proceeds from Issuance of Preferred Stock and Preference Stock	10,000,000	0
Tax payments from shares withheld upon vesting of restricted stock	(26,000)	(309,000)
Proceeds from notes payable and long-term debt	2,876,000	3,900,000
Repayments of notes payable and long-term debt	(3,922,000)	0
Payment of financing fees	0	622,000
Other financing activities	2,106,000	900,000
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities, Continuing Operations	11,034,000	4,068,000
Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities, Discontinued Operations	4,945,000	(4,691,000)
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities	15,979,000	(623,000)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	618,000	(100,000)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	3,391,000	(15,012,000)
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Including Disposal Group and Discontinued Operations	25,570,000	22,179,000
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operations	0	8,827,000
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents	25,570,000	13,352,000
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitcontinuing operations	(191,000)	(29,000)
Continuing Operations
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash received from income tax refunds	2,169,000	2,225,000
Cash paid for income taxes	1,063,000	868,000
Increase (decrease) in accrued purchases of equipment, software, and leasehold improvements	(44,000)	(83,000)
Noncash or Part Noncash Acquisition, Investments Acquired	9,268,000	0
Discontinued Operations
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash received from income tax refunds	33,000	31,000
Cash paid for income taxes	331,000	327,000
Cash paid for interest expense	317,000	412,000
Noncash or Part Noncash Acquisition, Intangible Assets Acquired	$ 0	$ 23,700,000

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAR

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY AND NONCONTROLLING INTEREST - USD ($) shares in Thousands	Total	Preferred Class B	Preferred Stock	Preferred StockPreferred Class B	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Additional Paid-In CapitalPreferred Class B	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit	Parent [Member]	Parent [Member]Preferred Class B	Noncontrolling Interest
Stockholders' Equity, Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest	$ 56,840,000		$ 0		$ 37,000	$ 641,930,000		$ (61,118,000)	$ (524,009,000)	$ 56,840,000		$ 0
Balances (shares) at Dec. 31, 2018			0		37,728
Common stock issued for exercise of stock options, employee stock purchase plan, and vesting of restricted shares, net of tax payments from shares withheld upon vesting of restricted stock (shares)					499
Restricted Stock, Value, Shares Issued Net of Tax Withholdings					$ 1,000
Stock Issued During Period, Value, Stock Options Exercised	(109,000)					(110,000)				(109,000)
Napster acquisition	(776,000)					(1,346,000)				(1,346,000)		570,000
APIC, Share-based Payment Arrangement, Increase for Cost Recognition	2,881,000					2,881,000				2,881,000
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax	(205,000)							(205,000)		(205,000)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent	(20,001,000)									(20,001,000)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest	(163,000)											(1,257,000)
Net loss	(21,258,000)		$ (21,258,000)
Stockholders' Equity, Other	900,000					715,000				715,000		185,000
Balances (shares) at Dec. 31, 2019			0		38,227
Stockholders' Equity, Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest	38,273,000		$ 0		$ 38,000	644,070,000		(61,323,000)	(544,010,000)	38,775,000		(502,000)
Additional funding in exchange for Preferred Stock	800,000
Common stock issued for exercise of stock options, employee stock purchase plan, and vesting of restricted shares, net of tax payments from shares withheld upon vesting of restricted stock (shares)					197
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues				8,065
Stock Issued During Period, Value, New Issues		$ 10,000,000		$ 8,000			$ 9,992,000				$ 10,000,000
Stock Issued During Period, Value, Stock Options Exercised	26,000					26,000				26,000
APIC, Share-based Payment Arrangement, Increase for Cost Recognition	1,420,000					1,420,000				1,420,000
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax	909,000							909,000		909,000
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent	(4,852,000)									(4,852,000)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest	(284,000)											(468,000)
Net loss	(5,320,000)
Stockholders' Equity, Other	631,000					150,000		(227,000)		(77,000)		708,000
Balances (shares) at Dec. 31, 2020			8,065		38,424
Stockholders' Equity, Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest	45,887,000		$ 8,000		$ 38,000	$ 655,606,000		$ (60,641,000)	$ (548,862,000)	$ 46,149,000		$ (262,000)
Additional funding in exchange for Preferred Stock	$ 0.8

Description of Business and Sum

Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Note 1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of Business. RealNetworks provides digital media software and services to consumers, mobile carriers, device manufacturers, system integrators, and other businesses. Consumers use our digital media products and services to store, organize, play, manage and enjoy their digital media content, either directly from us or through our distribution partners. Our computer vision SAFR (Secure Accurate Facial Recognition) platform, a key investment initiative for us, enables new applications for security, convenience, and analytics, and is optimized for live video. Rhapsody International, Inc. (doing business as Napster) offers a comprehensive set of digital music products and services designed to provide consumers with broad access to digital music. Napster was held-for-sale and treated as discontinued operations for accounting and disclosure purposes as of the third quarter of 2020. The sale of Napster was completed during the fourth quarter of 2020. The results of operations and cash flows for our discontinued operations have been segregated from the results of continuing operations and segment results, and Napster’s operating results and financial condition have been recast to conform to this presentation. The notes to the consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise indicated, are on a continuing operations basis. See Note 4. Acquisitions and Dispositions for additional details regarding the acquisition and sale of Napster. Inherent in our business are various risks and uncertainties, including a limited history of certain of our product and service offerings. RealNetworks' success will depend on the acceptance of our technology, products and services and the ability to generate related revenue and cash flow. In this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (10-K), RealNetworks, Inc. and subsidiaries is referred to as “RealNetworks”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”. Basis of Presentation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries in which it has a more than 50% voting interest. Noncontrolling interests primarily represent third-party ownership in the equity of Napster and Scener Inc. ("Scener") and are reflected separately in the Company's financial statements. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Liquidity and Capital Resources. The Company continues to incur operating losses from continuing operations, including net operating losses of $5.0 million, and $27.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company had an accumulated deficit of $548.9 million and $544.0 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company believes that its cash and cash equivalents of $23.9 million as of December 31, 2020, as well as the unused capacity of its revolving line of credit, are adequate to fund the Company's operations for at least one year from the date these financial statements were issued. Risks and Uncertainties. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19 to be a global pandemic. As the virus spread throughout the U.S. and the world, authorities implemented numerous measures to contain the virus, including travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, business limitations, and shutdowns. In addition to the pandemic's widespread impact on public health and global society, reactions to the pandemic as well as measures taken to contain the virus have caused significant turmoil to the global economy and financial markets. Moreover, similar to other companies, we have taken steps to support the health and well-being of our employees, customers, partners and communities, which include working remotely and learning to operate our businesses in a fundamentally different way. The COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant economic instability and financial market turmoil has added complexity, uncertainty and risk to nearly all aspects of our business. It is difficult to predict the near-term and long-term impacts that the pandemic will have on our results from operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows. In the preparation of our financial statements, certain estimates and assumptions regarding these impacts have been made, which could change in future periods and which could differ from actual outcomes. Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Trade Accounts Receivable. Trade accounts receivable consist of amounts due from customers and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns is our estimate of the amount of probable credit losses and returns in our existing accounts receivable. We determine the allowances based on analysis of historical bad debts, customer concentrations, changes in customer credit-worthiness, return history and current economic trends. We review the allowances for doubtful accounts and sales returns quarterly. Past due balances over 90 days and specified other balances are reviewed individually for collectability. All other balances are reviewed on an aggregate basis. Account balances are written off against the allowance after all reasonable means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. We do not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to our customers. Investments. Investments are equity securities for which there is a determinable fair market value. We hold equity securities with a contractual lock-up period that require us to discount the fair market value until this restriction is removed. See Note 5. Fair Value Measurements for additional information. Unrealized gains and losses from the change in fair market value, as well as realized gains and losses from sales, are recorded to Gain on equity and other investments, net on the consolidated statements of operations. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments are determined using the specific identification method. Concentration of Credit Risk. Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We maintain cash and cash equivalents that may exceed the insured limits by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. However, we reduce this credit risk by placing cash and cash equivalents with major financial institutions that the Company assesses to be of high-credit quality. We derive a portion of our revenue from a large number of individual consumers spread globally. We also derive revenue from several large customers. If the financial condition or results of operations of any one of the large customers deteriorates substantially, our operating results could be adversely affected. To reduce credit risk, management performs ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of significant customers. We do not generally require collateral and we maintain an allowance for estimated credit losses on customer accounts when considered necessary. Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation of equipment and software, as well as amortization of leasehold improvements is computed using the straight-line method over the lesser of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the related lease term. The useful life of equipment and software is generally three five Depreciation and amortization expense of these assets during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $0.9 million and $1.2 million, respectively. Equity Method Investment. We use the equity method in circumstances where we have the ability to exert significant influence, but not control, over an investee or joint venture. We initially record our investment based on a fair value analysis of the investment. We record our percentage interest in the investee's recorded income or loss and changes in the investee's capital under this method, which will increase or decrease the reported value of our investment. We evaluate impairment of an investment accounted for under the equity method if events and circumstances warrant. An impairment charge would be recorded if a decline in the fair value of an equity investment below its carrying amount were determined to be other than temporary. In determining if a decline is other than temporary, we consider factors such as the length of time and extent to which the fair value of the investment has been less than the carrying amount of the investee or joint venture, the near-term and longer-term operating and financial prospects of the investee or joint venture and our intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery. Deferred Costs. Included in deferred costs are financing fees associated with our revolving line of credit. These fees are amortized over the term of the credit agreement. Amortization of the financing fees are recorded in interest expense, within other income (expenses). We also defer certain costs on projects for service revenues and system sales. Deferred costs consist primarily of direct and incremental costs to customize and install systems, as defined in individual customer contracts, including costs to acquire hardware and software from third parties and payroll and related costs for employees and other third parties. Deferred costs are capitalized during the implementation period. We recognize such costs as a component of cost of revenue, the timing of which is dependent upon the revenue recognition policy by contract. At each balance sheet date, we review deferred costs to ensure they are ultimately recoverable. Definite-Lived Tangible and Right-of-Use Operating Lease Assets. Definite-lived tangible assets include equipment, software, leasehold improvements. Definite-lived assets are amortized on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives. Operating leases are included in Operating lease assets, Other current liabilities, and Long-term lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We review these assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. If the carrying amount of an asset group is not recoverable, an impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its estimated fair value, which is generally determined as the present value of estimated future cash flows to a market participant. Our impairment analysis is based on significant assumptions of future results, including operating and cash flow projections. Significant or sustained declines in future revenue or cash flows, or adverse changes in our business climate, among other factors, could result in the need to record an impairment charge in future periods. Goodwill. We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, in our fourth quarter, or more frequently if circumstances indicate reporting unit carrying values may exceed their fair values. Circumstances that may indicate a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value include, but are not limited to: poor economic performance relative to historical or projected future operating results; significant negative industry, economic or company specific trends; changes in the manner of our use of the assets or the plans for our business; and loss of key personnel. When evaluating goodwill for impairment, based upon our annual test or due to changes in circumstances described above, we first perform a qualitative assessment to determine if the fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not less than the reporting unit's carrying amount including goodwill. If this assessment indicates impairment is more likely than not, we then compare the carrying value of the reporting unit to the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the estimated fair value, we then calculate the implied estimated fair value of goodwill for the reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of goodwill for the reporting unit. If the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied estimated fair value, an impairment charge to current operations is recorded to reduce the carrying value to implied estimated value. Significant judgment is required in determining the reporting units and assessing fair value of the reporting units. Fair Value. Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid in transferring a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Our fair value measurements consider the principal or most advantageous market in which we would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and credit risk. Fair values are determined based on three levels of inputs: • Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities • Level 2: Directly or indirectly observed inputs for the asset or liability, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active • Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect our own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use Research and Development. Costs incurred in research and development are expensed as incurred. Software development costs are capitalized when a product’s technological feasibility has been established through the date the product is available for general release to customers. Other than internal use software, we have not capitalized any software development costs, as technological feasibility is generally not established until a working model is completed, at which time substantially all development is complete. Revenue Recognition. We recognize revenue from contracts with customers as control of the promised good or service is transferred. Please refer to Note 3. Revenue Recognition for further details regarding our recognition policies. Advertising Expenses. We expense the cost of advertising and promoting our products as incurred. These costs are included in sales and marketing expense and totaled $5.9 million in 2020 and $5.5 million in 2019. Foreign Currency. The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is generally the currency of the country in which the subsidiary operates. Assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars using rates of exchange in effect at the end of the reporting period. The net gain or loss resulting from translation is shown as translation adjustment and included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI) in shareholders’ equity. Income and expense accounts are translated into U.S. dollars using average rates of exchange. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are included in other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of operations. Accounting for Taxes Collected from Customers. Our revenues are reported net of sales and other transaction taxes that are collected from customers and remitted to taxing authorities. Income Taxes. We compute income taxes using the asset and liability method, under which deferred income taxes are provided for temporary differences between financial reporting basis and tax basis of our assets and liabilities and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. We record a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character in the appropriate taxing jurisdictions. Adjustments to the valuation allowance could be required in the future if we estimate that the amount of deferred tax assets to be realized is more or less than the net amount we have recorded. Any increase or decrease in the valuation allowance could have the effect of increasing or decreasing the income tax provision in the statement of operations. Deferred tax assets and liabilities and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. We file numerous consolidated and separate income tax returns in the U.S. including federal, state and local, as well as foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations for tax years before 2013 or state, local, or foreign income tax examinations for years before 1993. We are currently under audit by various states and foreign jurisdictions for certain tax years subsequent to 1993. We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We recognize accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. Stock-Based Compensation. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model or other appropriate valuation models such as Monte Carlo simulation to determine the fair value of stock-based option awards. The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the closing market price of our common stock on the grant date of the award. Generally, we recognize the compensation cost for awards on a straight-line basis for the entire award, over the applicable vesting period. For performance-based awards, expense is recognized when it is probable the performance goal will be achieved, however if the likelihood becomes improbable, that expense is reversed. For market-based stock options, fair value is measured at the grant date using the Monte Carlo simulation model, and we recognize compensation cost for these awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the awards. The valuation models for stock-based option awards require various judgmental assumptions including volatility in our common stock price and expected option life. If any of the assumptions used in the valuation models change significantly, stock-based compensation expense for new awards may differ materially in the future from the amounts recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. For all awards, we also estimate forfeitures at the time of grant and revise those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

Recent Accounting Pronouncement

Recent Accounting Pronouncements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Note 2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently adopted accounting pronouncements In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued new guidance which modifies the disclosure requirements of fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. For public companies, the new guidance removes disclosure requirements for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the policy for timing of transfers between levels and the valuation process for Level 3 fair value measurements. The guidance modifies the disclosure requirements for investments in certain entities that calculate net asset value and clarifies that the measurement uncertainty disclosure is to communicate information about the uncertainty in measurement as of the reporting date. The new guidance adds the disclosure requirement for changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 including interim periods within that fiscal year. The adoption of the new guidance did not have a material impact to the Company's consolidated financial statements. Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted In August 2020, FASB issued new guidance that simplifies the accounting for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock by reducing the number of accounting models and the number of embedded conversion features that could be recognized separately from the primary contract. The guidance enhances transparency and improves disclosures for convertible instruments and earnings per share guidance. It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted. This update permits the use of either the modified retrospective or fully retrospective method of transition. We are in the process of evaluating the effect that this new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In January 2017, the FASB issued new guidance simplifying the test for goodwill impairment. The new guidance eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test, instead requiring an entity to recognize a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the reporting unit's carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value. This guidance is effective for interim and annual goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the effect that this new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue Recognition	Note 3. Revenue Recognition Performance Obligations We generate all of our revenue through contracts with customers. Revenue is either recognized over time as the service is provided, or at a point in time when the product is transferred to the customer, depending on the contract type. Our performance obligations typically have an original duration of one year or less. Our software licensing revenue stream generates revenue through the on-premises licensing of our codec technologies and integrated RealTimes platform. We recognize revenue upfront at the point in time when the software is made available to the customer. In cases where a sale or usage-based royalty is promised in exchange for a license of our codec technologies, revenue is recognized as the subsequent usage occurs for the contractual amount owed by the customer for that usage, as is allowed under the licensing of intellectual property section of Topic 606. Software licensing in our Mobile Services segment is invoiced on a monthly basis either based on usage of the respective product, or on a fixed fee basis. Our Consumer Media licensing is invoiced either quarterly or annually based on the usage of the respective product, or on a fixed fee basis. For each of these, the timing of payment generally does not vary significantly from the timing of invoice, however, certain of our long-term Consumer Media licensing contracts have extended payment schedules which may exceed one year. Our subscription services revenue stream allows customers to use hosted software over the respective contract period without taking possession of the technology. The stream is primarily comprised of our intercarrier messaging service, ringback tones, PC-based and mobile games subscriptions, and our RealPlayer and SuperPass services. Revenues related to subscription service products are recognized ratably over the contract period, or as we have the right to invoice as a practical expedient when that amount corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our performance completed to date. Consumer subscription products are paid in advance, typically on a monthly or quarterly basis. Subscription services offered to businesses are invoiced on a monthly basis, generally based upon the amount of usage for the previous month, and the timing of payment generally does not vary significantly from the timing of invoice. Our product sales revenue stream includes purchases of in-game virtual goods, mobile and wholesale games, as well as our RealPlayer product. Proceeds from sales of in-game virtual goods are initially recorded in deferred revenue and are recognized as revenues over 30 days, our estimate of the time period that end users benefit from these purchases and our related performance obligation is satisfied. Retail purchases are recognized and paid for at the point in time the product is made available to the end user. For games which are sold through third-party application storefronts, we evaluate the transaction for gross or net revenue recognition. As we typically are the primary obligor in our third-party transactions, we recognize revenues gross of any app store fees. We then receive monthly payments from the respective app store for all purchases within the respective month. Other revenues consist primarily of advertising and the distribution of third-party products, which are recognized and paid on a cost per impression or cost per download basis. Disaggregation of Revenue The following table presents our disaggregated revenue by source and segment (in thousands): Year ended December 31, 2020 Consumer Media Mobile Services Games Business Line Software License $ 5,957 $ 5,110 $ — Subscription Services 3,586 21,779 10,794 Product Sales 1,301 — 13,879 Advertising and Other 1,737 — 3,919 Total $ 12,581 $ 26,889 $ 28,592 Year ended December 31, 2019 Consumer Media Mobile Services Games Business Line Software License $ 6,522 $ 3,101 $ — Subscription Services 4,148 24,042 12,121 Product Sales 825 — 9,823 Advertising and Other 1,675 — 3,545 Total $ 13,170 $ 27,143 $ 25,489 The following table presents our disaggregated revenue by sales channel (in thousands): Year ended December 31, 2020 Consumer Media Mobile Services Games Sales Channel Business to Business $ 7,693 $ 26,495 $ 4,664 Direct to Consumer 4,888 394 23,928 Total $ 12,581 $ 26,889 $ 28,592 Year ended December 31, 2019 Consumer Media Mobile Services Games Sales Channel Business to Business $ 8,199 $ 26,691 $ 4,710 Direct to Consumer 4,971 452 20,779 Total $ 13,170 $ 27,143 $ 25,489 Contract Balances The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to our customers. We record accounts receivable when the right to consideration becomes unconditional, except for the passage of time. For certain contracts, payment schedules may exceed one year; for those contracts we recognize a long-term receivable. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019 our balance of long-term accounts receivable was $0.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively, and is included in other long-term assets on our consolidated balance sheets. The increase in this balance from December 31, 2019 to December 31, 2020 is primarily due to a contract renewal in 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded no impairments to our contract assets. We record deferred revenue when cash payments are received in advance of our completion of the underlying performance obligation. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had deferred revenue balances of $2.2 million and $2.1 million, respectively, primarily due to deferred revenue associated with monthly subscriptions. Judgments and Estimates Our contracts with customers can include obligations to provide multiple services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together can require significant judgment. For example, certain contracts include the sale of software licenses or subscriptions as well as services to be delivered over time. Judgment is also required to determine the standalone selling price ("SSP") for each distinct performance obligation in these arrangements. We allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on the relative SSP. We determine SSP for performance obligations based on overall pricing objectives, which take into consideration observable prices and market conditions. For certain of our contracts, we recognize revenues using the sales- and usage-based exception as defined in the licensing guidance of Topic 606. For these contracts, we typically receive reporting of actual usage a quarter in arrears, and as such, we are required to estimate the current quarter's usage. To make these estimates, we utilize historical reporting information, as well as industry trends and interim reporting to quantify total quarterly usage. As actual usage information is received, we record a true-up in the following quarter to reflect any variance from our estimate. In the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we did not record any material true-ups to our consolidated financial statements. Practical Expedients

Acquisitions and Disposals

Acquisitions and Disposals	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Business Combinations [Abstract]
Acquisitions and Disposals	Note 4. Acquisitions and Dispositions Napster Acquisition On January 18, 2019, RealNetworks acquired an additional 42% interest in Rhapsody International, Inc. (doing business as Napster) which brought our aggregate ownership to 84% of Napster's outstanding equity, thus giving RealNetworks a majority voting interest. Napster's music streaming service provides users with broad access to digital music, offering on-demand streaming and conditional downloads through unlimited access to a catalog of millions of music tracks. Napster offers music services worldwide and generates revenue primarily through subscriptions to its music services either directly to consumers or through distribution partners. On August 24, 2020, RealNetworks announced that Napster had signed an agreement to be sold to MelodyVR Group PLC in a transaction that closed in the fourth quarter of 2020. See Napster Disposition below for additional details. Initially formed in 2007 and branded then as Rhapsody, Napster began as a joint venture between RealNetworks and MTV Networks, a division of Viacom International, Inc. Prior to the acquisition of the additional 42% interest in Napster, we accounted for our investment using the equity method of accounting. Subsequent to RealNetworks’ January 18, 2019 acquisition, Napster operated as an independent business with its own board of directors, strategy and leadership team. Napster's separate legal existence was further supported by each company's ongoing compliance with corporate formalities, the independent direction of Napster's activities, and the consistent treatment of each of RealNetworks and Napster as distinct organizations. During the periods of the acquisition date until the announcement of the sale, we consolidated Napster's financial results into our financial statements and reported Napster as a separate segment in our consolidated financial statements. We recorded 100% of the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of January 18, 2019 based on the results of an independent valuation. The 16% of Napster that RealNetworks did not own between the acquisition and disposition was accounted for as a noncontrolling interest in our consolidated financial statements. As part of this consolidation, the carrying value of our previous 42% equity method investment was remeasured to fair value on the acquisition date. The remeasurement to fair value of the historical 42% ownership interest resulted in the recognition of a $2.7 million gain at the time of acquisition, which is a component of the overall gain recognized as a part of this transaction. Our consolidated balance sheet reflected Napster's working capital deficit, which resulted in a consolidated working capital deficit. RealNetworks did not have any contractual or implied obligation to provide funding or other financial support to Napster, or to guarantee or provide other such support related to Napster's third party borrowing or Napster's other obligations on our consolidated balance sheet. See Note 5. Fair Value Measurements for detail on terms of the transaction. The following table summarizes the final allocation of the total consideration to the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of January 18, 2019 (in thousands): Consideration, at estimated fair value: Cash $ 1,000 Contingent consideration 11,600 RealNetworks' preexisting 42% equity interest in Napster 2,700 Effective settlement of Napster debt and warrants, held by RealNetworks 6,408 Total consideration $ 21,708 Assets acquired and liabilities assumed, at estimated fair value: Cash and cash equivalents $ 10,127 Accounts receivable 20,915 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 2,421 Restricted cash 2,322 Equipment, software and leasehold improvements 474 Operating lease assets 2,400 Other long-term assets 77 Deferred tax assets, net 5,932 Intangible assets 23,700 Goodwill 45,520 Total assets acquired 113,888 Accounts payable 786 Accrued royalties and fulfillment 59,036 Accrued and other current liabilities 7,032 Deferred revenue, current portion 3,526 Notes payable 12,211 Deferred tax liabilities, net 6,208 Long-term lease liabilities 1,190 Other long-term liabilities 1,621 Total liabilities assumed 91,610 Total net assets acquired 22,278 Noncontrolling interests 570 Net assets acquired $ 21,708 Under the acquisition method of accounting, the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. In the fourth quarter of 2019, we recorded purchase price allocation adjustments that reflect new information obtained during the measurement period about facts and circumstances that existed at the date of the acquisition. These adjustments did not have a material effect on 2019 consolidated financial statements and were primarily associated with the estimated fair values of acquired prepaid royalties, accrued royalties, and accrued taxes, with a corresponding net reduction of $3.0 million to goodwill. Adjustments to acquired prepaid royalties and accrued royalties also include the matching and invoicing of music royalties owed as of the opening balance sheet. Prior to discontinued operations and held-for-sale accounting treatment, acquired intangible assets had a total weighted average useful life of approximately 8 years, were being amortized using the straight line method, and were comprised of the following (in thousands): Intangible category Estimated fair value Method used to calculate fair value Estimated remaining useful life Trade name and trademarks $ 6,800 Relief-from-royalty 15 years Developed technology 5,900 Excess earnings 4 years Customer relationships 5,900 Cost-to-replace 3 years Partner relationships 5,100 Distributor method 8 years Total $ 23,700 The estimated fair value amounts for each of these intangibles was determined using a fair value measurement categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the trade name and trademarks intangible asset was estimated using the income approach, utilizing the relief from royalty method, which values the assets by estimating the savings achieved by ownership of trade name and trademarks when compared with the cost of licensing them from an independent owner. The fair value of developed technology was estimated using the income approach, utilizing the excess earnings method. Under this method, cash flows attributable to the asset are estimated by deducting economic costs, including operating expenses and contributory asset charges, from revenue expected to be generated by the asset. The fair value of customer relationships was estimated using a cost-to-replace approach, whereby the number of subscribers and the cost to acquire subscribers are key estimates utilized in the valuation. The fair value of partner relationships was estimated using the income approach, which uses market-based distributor data to value underlying distributor relationships. Revenue, earnings, and cash flow estimates associated with these underlying distributor relationships are key estimates in determining the fair value of the partner relationships intangibles. The fair value of deferred revenue was estimated using the income approach, utilizing a cost to fulfill analysis by estimating the direct and indirect costs related to supporting remaining obligations plus an assumed operating margin. The fair value of our preexisting 42% equity method investment was remeasured to an estimated fair value of $2.7 million, which resulted in a pretax gain of $2.7 million, as our existing carrying value was zero. This gain, as well as the settlement of preexisting relationships and other purchase accounting adjustments discussed below, comprise the total gain of $12.3 million recognized in other income (expenses), net in the consolidated statement of operations in 2019. The fair value of our preexisting equity method investment was calculated using an average of the income and market approach to arrive at estimated total enterprise value. The income approach fair value measurement was based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market and thus represents a fair value measurement categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Key assumptions used in estimating future cash flows included projected revenue growth and operating expenses, as well as the selection of an appropriate discount rate. Estimates of revenue growth and operating expenses were based on internal projections and considered the historical performance of Napster's business. The discount rate applied was based on Napster's weighted-average cost of capital and included a small-company risk premium. The market approach fair value measurement was based on a market comparable methodology. At the time of acquisition, we used a group of comparable companies and selected an appropriate EBITDA multiple to apply to Napster's projected 2020 and 2021 EBITDA. Assumptions in both the income and market approaches were significant to the overall valuation of Napster and changes to these assumptions could have materially impacted the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, noncontrolling interests, total consideration, and gain on consolidation. The fair value of the contingent consideration was estimated using multiple scenarios for each tranche of contingent consideration and then probability weighting each scenario and discounting them to estimated fair value of $11.6 million at the time of acquisition. This fair value calculation was directly impacted by the estimated total enterprise value described above. See Note 5. Fair Value Measurements for additional discussion. The effective settlement of Napster's debt and warrants totaling $6.4 million represented the estimated fair value of debt and warrants held between RealNetworks and Napster as of the acquisition date. The estimated fair value was derived from the estimated total enterprise value described above. The resulting net gain of $5.5 million was included in other income (expenses), net in the consolidated statement of operations in 2019. The preexisting $2.8 million guarantee related to Napster's outstanding indebtedness on their revolving credit facility was eliminated upon the consolidation of Napster. This resulted in RealNetworks recording a gain of $2.8 million at the time of acquisition, which was included in other income (expenses), net in the consolidated statement of operations in 2019. RealNetworks has not been required to pay any portion of this commitment, and Napster fully repaid this loan balance on April 30, 2019, thus releasing RealNetworks' previous guaranty. Prior to our acquisition of Napster, we accounted for our investment under the equity method of accounting and recorded Napster 's foreign currency translation adjustments in our equity. As part of the acquisition method of accounting, we released these amounts and recorded a gain of $1.3 million at the time of acquisition, which is included in other income (expenses), net in the consolidated statement of operations in 2019. We recorded the fair value of noncontrolling interests on the acquisition date, estimated at $0.6 million, using the estimated total enterprise value described above. We also recorded goodwill of $45.5 million, representing the intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition for accounting purposes, including the expected growth in Napster's business to business model and the assembled workforce. The goodwill was reported in the Napster segment and was not deductible for income tax purposes. For the year ended December 31, 2019, Napster's revenue and net loss including noncontrolling interests in our consolidated statements of operations is included as discontinued operations, as discussed below. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we incurred approximately $1.5 million in acquisition-related costs, including regulatory, legal, and other advisory fees, which we recorded within general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. Napster Disposition RealNetworks, Inc. entered into a Support Agreement dated August 25, 2020 by and among its 84%-owned subsidiary, Napster, and MelodyVR Group PLC, referred to as MelodyVR, an English public limited company. The Support Agreement was executed in connection with an Agreement and Plan of Merger, or Merger Agreement, by and among Napster, MelodyVR, and a wholly owned subsidiary of MelodyVR. The transaction was completed on December 30, 2020. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, on the closing date, MelodyVR's subsidiary merged with and into Napster, with Napster surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of MelodyVR. Other than as Securityholder Representative, RealNetworks was not a party to the Merger Agreement. MelodyVR paid consideration of approximately $26 million to certain holders of debt and equity of Napster, comprised of $12 million in cash, shares of MelodyVR, and a $3 million 18-month indemnity escrow. The shares of MelodyVR that RealNetworks received may not be sold or transferred, except in limited circumstances, for a period of approximately one year from the close of the transaction. Certain proceeds from the transaction were used to fully repay the advance to Napster on the revolving line of credit, as discussed in Note 9. Debt, pay Napster's transaction expenses, and pay amounts to certain of Napster's common stockholders. Additionally, a portion of the proceeds paid to RealNetworks is subject to contingent consideration obligations associated with its January 2019 acquisition from a third party of a 42% stake in Napster and a $5.0 million loan that the third party had made to Napster. See Note 5. Fair Value Measurements for additional discussion. Effective on the execution of the Agreement and Plan of Merger on August 25, 2020, Napster was treated as discontinued operations and held-for-sale for accounting and disclosure purposes and subsequently sold in December 2020. As such, Napster’s operating results and financial condition were recast to conform to this presentation. The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of major classes of assets and liabilities of discontinued operations at December 31, 2019: December 31, 2019 Cash and cash equivalents $ 8,333 Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance 16,740 Other current assets 3,303 Total current assets of discontinued operations 28,376 Net equipment, software, and leasehold improvements 401 Other intangible assets 19,286 Goodwill 45,520 Other non-current assets 2,604 Total assets of discontinued operations $ 96,187 Accrued royalties, fulfillment and other current liabilities $ 65,310 Notes payable 7,331 Total current liabilities of discontinued operations 72,641 Other non-current liabilities 1,843 Total liabilities of discontinued operations $ 74,484 The following table summarizes the net loss from discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019: 2020 2019 Revenue $ 96,185 $ 106,311 Cost of revenue 73,318 85,901 Gross profit 22,867 20,410 Operating expenses 24,734 25,789 Operating loss (1,867) (5,379) Other income (expenses) 2,175 (285) Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes 308 (5,664) Income tax expense 514 366 Net loss from discontinued operations (206) (6,030) Noncontrolling interests in net income (loss) from discontinued operations (184) (1,094) Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to RealNetworks $ (22) $ (4,936) We recorded a gain on the sale of Napster in the amount of $1.9 million, which was recorded to Net loss from discontinued operations on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and included in Other income (expense) in the above table. The following table summarizes the gain recognized for the year ended December 31, 2020 from the sale of Napster: Net proceeds received (1) $ 22,849 Net assets disposed (20,935) Gain on sale of Napster $ 1,914 (1) Proceeds received are net of transaction costs, funds to minority shareholders and fair value adjustments to MelodyVR stock. The final gain on the sale of Napster could be reduced primarily by claims against the $3.0 million indemnity escrow which is included in Other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. We are not aware of any claims against the escrow at December 31, 2020.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Measurements	Note 5. Fair Value Measurements Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis The following tables present information about our financial assets that have been measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs utilized to determine fair value (in thousands). Fair Value Measurements as of Amortized Cost as of December 31, 2020 December 31, 2020 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents $ 23,940 $ — $ — $ 23,940 $ 23,940 Investments — — 9,965 9,965 N/A Restricted cash equivalents 1,630 — — 1,630 1,630 Total assets $ 25,570 $ — $ 9,965 $ 35,535 N/A Accrued and other current liabilities: Napster acquisition contingent consideration $ — $ — $ 4,800 $ 4,800 N/A Other long-term liabilities Simple Agreements for Future Equity — — 2,106 2,106 N/A Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 6,906 $ 6,906 N/A Fair Value Measurements as of Amortized Cost as of December 31, 2019 December 31, 2019 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents $ 8,472 $ — $ — $ 8,472 $ 8,472 Restricted cash equivalents 3,500 1,380 — 4,880 4,880 Total assets $ 11,972 $ 1,380 $ — $ 13,352 $ 13,352 Accrued and other current liabilities: Napster acquisition contingent consideration $ — $ — $ 2,800 $ 2,800 N/A Other long-term liabilities Napster acquisition contingent consideration — — 9,800 9,800 N/A Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 12,600 $ 12,600 N/A Restricted cash equivalents as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 relate to cash pledged as collateral against letters of credit in connection with lease agreements and, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, our Loan Agreement requires us to maintain a minimum balance of $1.5 million and $3.5 million,respectively, unrestricted cash at the bank. See Note 9. Debt for additional details. Investments as of December 31, 2020 are comprised of MelodyVR ordinary shares received as a portion of the consideration from the Napster disposition. The fair value of these equity securities was calculated using the closing price of the shares as of December 31, 2020 and discounted for a lack of liquidity due to the restriction of selling or transferring the shares. Pursuant to the transaction documents executed in connection with the Napster disposition, RealNetworks is restricted from selling or transferring the MelodyVR shares, except in limited circumstances, for a period of approximately one year from the close of the transaction. The determination of the discount required the use of significant unobservable inputs, such as the lock-up period combined with an estimated equity volatility for the shares, that reflect our own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use. A 10% increase or decrease to the equity volatility rate could result in a $0.2 million decrease or $0.1 million increase, respectively, in the fair value of the stock. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized unrealized gains of $0.7 million in Gain on equity and other investments, net on the consolidated statement of operations. Accrued and other current liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 and other long-term liabilities as of December 31, 2019 include the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration for the Napster acquisition, which was determined using a fair value measurement categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. As discussed in Note 4. Acquisitions and Dispositions, this liability is adjusted quarterly to fair value through earnings. The terms of the 2019 transaction whereby RealNetworks acquired a controlling interest in Napster included initial cash consideration of $1.0 million and additional contingent consideration. Initial cash consideration of $0.2 million was paid at closing. With regards to contingent consideration, over the five years following the acquisition, RealNetworks committed to pay the lesser of the following: (a) an additional $14.0 million to seller, or (b) if RealNetworks were to sell the interest to a third party for less than $15.0 million, the actual amount received by RealNetworks, minus the $1.0 million initial consideration. These contingent consideration amounts were part of the total consideration at estimated fair value. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded a change in fair value of the contingent consideration of $8.6 million as a decrease to the total liability on the consolidated balance sheet and as a reduction in operating expense on the consolidated statement of operations. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded a change in fair value of the contingent consideration of $1.0 million as an increase to the total liability on the consolidated balance sheet and as an increase in operating expense on the consolidated statement of operations. Other than the adjustments to the estimated fair value, there were no changes in the balance of the contingent consideration during fiscal years 2020 and 2019. The valuation methodology of contingent consideration at December 31, 2020 was based on RealNetworks' contractual obligation to pay the seller of the interests purchased by RealNetworks in the January 2019 Napster transaction discussed in Note 4. Acquisitions and Dispositions. For purposes of determining fair value of contingent consideration at December 31, 2020, this obligation was deemed to have a fair value of $4.8 million based on the terms of the Napster sale transaction. This amount represents the amount received for sale of the interest acquired in the Napster purchase transaction of $5.0 million less the $0.2 million paid at closing in January 2019. At December 31, 2019, the fair value of the contingent consideration was estimated using multiple scenarios for each tranche of contingent consideration and then probability weighting each scenario and discounting them to an estimated fair value. In the third quarter of 2020, Scener, our 82%-owned subsidiary, received $2.1 million in cash in return for issuing rights to investors for certain shares of Scener's capital stock contingent upon the occurrence of specific future capital raising events by Scener. The rights were each issued as a Simple Agreement for Future Equity ("SAFE Notes"). The future contingent events also contemplate the possibility of Scener having to pay back the original cash investment to each investor. The SAFE Notes are recorded as a liability on our consolidated financial statements within Other long-term liabilities and are required to be recorded at fair value each quarter. The valuation analysis model for the fair value of the SAFE Notes as of December 31, 2020 used significant unobservable inputs that reflect our own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use. There has been no change in the estimated fair value since the issuance in the third quarter of 2020. Significant unobservable inputs to the valuation analysis model include the underlying conversion date for the SAFE Notes, Scener's capitalization prior to conversion of the SAFE Notes, an 80% discount rate as defined in the SAFE Note agreements, conversion price, conversion shares and an annual present value rate. All of the inputs are subject to significant judgment. See Note 19. Related Party Transactions for additional discussion of Scener. Items Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis Certain of our assets and liabilities are measured at estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis, using Level 3 inputs. These instruments are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). We did not record any impairments on those assets required to be measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis in 2020 or 2019.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable and Sales Returns	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Receivables [Abstract]
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable and Sales Returns	Note 6. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable and Sales Returns Activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2020 2019 Balance, beginning of year $ 484 $ 475 Addition to allowance 117 24 Amounts written off (30) — Effects of foreign currency translation 27 (15) Balance, end of year $ 598 $ 484 Activity in the allowance for sales returns (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2020 2019 Balance, beginning of year $ 32 $ 85 Addition (reduction) to allowance (1) (32) Amounts written off — (21) Balance, end of year $ 31 $ 32 Total, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable and Sales Returns $ 629 $ 516 Two customers individually comprised more than 10% of trade accounts receivable at December 31, 2020, with the customers accounting for 19% and 10% each. Two customers individually comprised more than 10% of trade accounts receivable at December 31, 2019, with the customers accounting for 26% and 11% each. Two customers accounted for 25%, or $17.3 million, of consolidated revenue during the year ended December 31, 2020, in the Mobile Services segment.

Goodwill

Goodwill	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill	Changes in goodwill (in thousands): December 31, 2020 2019 Balance, beginning of year Goodwill $ 327,561 $ 327,608 Accumulated impairment losses (310,653) (310,653) 16,908 16,955 Effects of foreign currency translation 467 (47) 467 (47) Balance, end of year Goodwill 328,028 327,561 Accumulated impairment losses (310,653) (310,653) $ 17,375 $ 16,908 Goodwill by segment (in thousands): December 31, 2020 2019 Consumer Media $ 580 $ 580 Mobile Services 2,188 2,074 Games 14,607 14,254 Total goodwill $ 17,375 $ 16,908 No impairments of goodwill were recorded in 2020 or 2019.

Notes Payable and Long-term Deb

Notes Payable and Long-term Debt	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt Disclosure	Note 9. Debt The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act, signed into law in March 2020, established the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) to provide a direct incentive for small businesses to keep workers on their payroll. Through the PPP, participating banks write loans to eligible businesses and loan amounts are forgiven to the extent that employee retention criteria are met and proceeds are used to cover eligible costs over a 24-week measurement period following loan funding. In April 2020, following an assessment of eligibility and approval of its Board of Directors, RealNetworks issued a promissory note to a participating bank in the principal amount of $2.9 million pursuant to the PPP. The note has a maturity of 2 years, an interest rate of 1.0%, no pre-payment penalty, a ten-month deferment period starting after the 24-week measurement period, and is eligible for forgiveness pursuant to PPP guidelines. In April 2020, the Secretary of the Treasury and Small Business Administration (SBA) announced that the government will review all PPP loans of more than $2.0 million before there is forgiveness. We applied for forgiveness in January 2021. No assurance can be given that we will be granted forgiveness for the PPP loan. The PPP loan will be derecognized upon confirmation of forgiveness from the SBA and/or upon repayment of the loan in accordance with its terms. In August 2019, RealNetworks and Napster entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (Loan Agreement) with a third-party financial institution. Under the terms of the August 2019 Loan Agreement, the bank extended a revolving line of credit (Revolver) not to exceed $10.0 million in the aggregate. Available advances on the Revolver, which are used for working capital and general corporate purposes, are based on a borrowing base that comprises accounts receivable and direct to consumer deposits. Borrowings under the Loan Agreement are secured by a first priority security interest in the assets of RealNetworks and Napster. Advances bear interest at a rate equal to one-half of one percentage point (0.5%) above the greater of the prime rate or 5.5%, with monthly payments of interest only and principal due at the end of the two-year term. The Loan Agreement contains customary covenants, including financial covenants, minimum EBITDA levels to be updated annually, and maintaining a minimum balance of $3.5 million unrestricted cash at the bank. We are in the process of negotiating the customary covenants for 2021, and we do not expect the resulting revisions to have a material effect on the Loan Agreement. In December 2020, at the time of closing the sale of Napster, as further described in Note 4. Acquisitions and Dispositions, borrowings of $3.9 million on the Revolver were repaid in full and certain terms were amended, including the removal of Napster as a party to the lending agreement and maintaining a minimum balance of $1.5 million unrestricted cash at the bank, a reduction from the prior requirement of a minimum balance of $3.5 million of unrestricted cash. In February 2021, we entered into an amendment with the bank on our Revolver, whereby the borrowing base for the Revolver is comprised of accounts receivable and direct to consumer deposits for RealNetworks only. Borrowings may not exceed $6.5 million and are reduced by a $1.0 million standby letter of credit entered into with the bank in connection with certain lease agreements. Advances bear interest at a rate equal to one-half of one percentage point (0.5%) above the greater of the prime rate or 3.25%. The Revolver matures August 1, 2022. We paid and capitalized $0.6 million of financing fees to enter into the Revolver in August 2019, and the financing fees are being amortized over the term of the credit agreement. The unamortized fees were $0.2 million at December 31, 2020 and are included in Deferred costs, current on our consolidated balance sheets.

Restructuring Charges

Restructuring Charges	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Restructuring Charges	Note 10. Restructuring and Other Charges Restructuring and other charges in 2020 and 2019 consist of costs associated with the ongoing reorganization of our business operations and expense re-alignment efforts, which include severance costs due to workforce reductions. Asset related and other costs in 2020 primarily related to the impairment of an operating lease asset. Asset related and other costs in 2019 primarily related to the termination of certain contracts as we continued to shift focus onto free-to-play games that offer in-game purchases of virtual goods and away from the premium mobile games that require a one-time purchase. Restructuring charges are as follows (in thousands): Employee Separation Costs Asset Related and Other Costs Total Costs incurred and charged to expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 $ 1,288 $ 1,241 $ 2,529 Costs incurred and charged to expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 $ 1,226 $ 728 $ 1,954 Changes to the accrued restructuring liability (which is included in Accrued and other current liabilities) for 2020 and 2019 (in thousands): Employee Separation Costs Asset Related and Other Costs Total Accrued liability as of December 31, 2018 $ 755 $ — $ 755 Costs incurred and charged to expense for the year ended December 31, 2019, excluding noncash charges 1,226 174 1,400 Cash payments (1,871) — (1,871) Accrued liability as of December 31, 2019 110 174 284 Costs incurred and charged to expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 1,288 — 1,288 Cash payments (1,052) (174) (1,226) Accrued liability as of December 31, 2020 $ 346 $ — $ 346

Shareholders_ Equity

Shareholders’ Equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Equity [Abstract]
Shareholders’ Equity	Note 11. Shareholders’ Equity Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Changes in components of accumulated other comprehensive loss (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 Foreign currency translation Accumulated other comprehensive loss, beginning of period $ (61,323) $ (61,118) Translation adjustments 909 (205) Napster disposition (227) — Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) 682 (205) Accumulated other comprehensive loss balance, end of period $ (60,641) $ (61,323) Preferred Stock. Each share of Series A preferred stock entitles the holder to one votes and dividends equal to one thousand times the aggregate per share amount of dividends declared on the common stock. There are no shares of Series A preferred stock outstanding. In February 2020, Mr. Glaser, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of RealNetworks, invested approximately $10.0 million in RealNetworks in exchange for the issuance to him of 8,064,516 shares of Series B preferred stock. The Series B preferred stock is non-voting and is convertible into common stock on a one-to-one basis subject to the limitation described in Note 19. Related Party Transactions. The Series B preferred stock has no liquidation preference and no preferred dividends. Undesignated preferred stock will have rights and preferences that are determinable by the Board of Directors if and when determination of a new series of preferred stock has been established.

Employee Stock and Benefit Plan

Employee Stock and Benefit Plans	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Employee Stock and Benefit Plans	Note 12. Employee Stock and Benefit Plans Equity Compensation Plans. Under our equity incentive plans, we may grant various types of equity awards to employees and Directors. We have granted time-vest and performance-vest stock options and time-vest and performance-vest restricted stock. Generally, options vest based on continuous employment, over a four seven two four We issue new shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options and the vesting of restricted stock. As of December 31, 2020, there were 3.7 million shares of common stock authorized for future equity awards. Each restricted stock unit granted reduces and each restricted stock unit forfeited or canceled increases the shares available for future grant by a factor of 1.6 shares. Each stock option granted reduces and each stock option forfeited or canceled increases the shares available for future grant by a factor of one share. Stock-based compensation expense recognized in our consolidated statements of operations includes amounts related to stock options and restricted stock, and was as follows (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 1,420 $ 2,881 The total stock-based compensation amounts disclosed above are recorded in the respective line items within operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Included in the expense for 2019 was stock compensation recorded for 2018 incentive bonuses paid in fully vested restricted stock units, which were authorized and granted in the first quarter of 2019. No stock-based compensation was capitalized as part of the cost of an asset as of December 31, 2020 or 2019. As of December 31, 2020, we had $2.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to stock awards. The unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately three As discussed in Note 1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, the valuation models for stock option awards require various highly judgmental assumptions. The assumption for the expected term of the options represents the estimated period of time until exercise and is based on historical experience of similar awards, including the contractual terms, vesting schedules, and expectations of future employee behavior. Expected stock price volatility is based on historical volatility of our common stock for the related expected term. The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a term equivalent to the expected term of the stock options. The dividend yield is estimated at zero because we do not currently anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future. The fair value of options granted used the following weighted average assumptions: Years ended December 31, 2020 2019 Expected dividend yield — % — % Risk-free interest rate 0.37 % 2.12 % Expected term (years) 4.8 4.0 Volatility 45 % 41 % Restricted stock unit and award activity was as follows (shares are in thousands): Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share Total Grant Date Fair Value of Vested Awards (000's) Nonvested shares, December 31, 2018 698 $ 2.63 Granted 701 2.54 Vested (499) 3.10 $ 1,547 Forfeited/Canceled (55) 3.33 Nonvested shares, December 31, 2019 845 $ 2.24 Granted 1,446 1.49 Vested (218) 1.89 $ 412 Forfeited/Canceled (270) 2.38 Nonvested shares, December 31, 2020 1,803 $ 1.65 At December 31, 2020, the aggregate intrinsic value of restricted stock awards was $2.8 million and the weighted average remaining contractual term was approximately two years. Stock option activity (shares are in thousands): Options Outstanding Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, December 31, 2018 7,328 $ 4.56 Options granted at common stock price 988 2.33 $ 0.81 Options exercised — — Options cancelled (845) 4.67 Outstanding, December 31, 2019 7,471 $ 4.25 Options granted at common stock price 2,382 1.26 $ 0.47 Options exercised — — Options cancelled (3,354) 4.59 Outstanding, December 31, 2020 6,499 $ 2.97 Exercisable, December 31, 2020 3,304 $ 4.06 Vested and expected to vest, December 31, 2020 5,262 $ 3.21 As of December 31, 2020, the weighted average remaining contractual life of the options was as follows: outstanding options 4.7 years; exercisable options 3.6 years; and vested and expected to vest options 4.5 years. As of December 31, 2020, the aggregate intrinsic values for our outstanding, exercisable, and vested and expected to vest options were $0.7 million, insignificant, and $0.5 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised in 2020 was zero, and for 2019 was insignificant. Retirement Savings Plan. We have a salary deferral plan (401(k) Plan) that covers substantially all employees. Eligible employees may contribute a portion of their eligible compensation to the plan up to limits stated in the plan documents, not to exceed the dollar amounts set by applicable laws. We match a percentage of employee contributions up to certain limits. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we contributed $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in matching contributions. We can terminate the matching contributions at our discretion. We have no other post-employment or post-retirement benefit plans.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Note 13. Income Taxes Components of income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2020 2019 United States operations $ (8,241) $ (11,483) Foreign operations 3,182 (3,043) Income (loss) before income taxes $ (5,059) $ (14,526) Components of income tax expense (benefit) (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2020 2019 Current: United States federal $ 202 $ 214 State and local 20 39 Foreign 530 451 Total current 752 704 Deferred: United States federal (495) (54) Foreign (202) 52 Total deferred (697) (2) Total income tax expense (benefit) $ 55 $ 702 Income tax expense differs from “expected” income tax expense (computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% in 2020 and 2019) from continuing operations before income taxes due to the following (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2020 2019 United States federal tax expense (benefit) at statutory rate $ (1,062) $ (3,050) State taxes, net of United States federal tax expense (benefit) (807) 629 Change in valuation allowance 2,545 2,528 Non-deductible stock compensation 1,406 253 Impact of non-U.S. jurisdictional tax rate difference (169) (116) Research and development tax credit (183) (67) Non-U.S. withholding tax 229 170 Change in indefinite reinvestment assertion (8) (72) Contingent consideration (1,806) 210 Other (90) 217 Total income tax expense (benefit) $ 55 $ 702 Net deferred tax assets, which are recorded at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 using a 21% tax rate, are comprised of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2020 2019 Deferred tax assets: United States federal net operating loss carryforwards $ 67,451 $ 85,270 Deferred expenses 314 3,226 Research and development tax credit carryforwards 13,350 19,694 Right of use asset 2,103 2,696 Stock-based compensation 1,498 2,697 State net operating loss carryforwards 8,516 13,880 Foreign net operating loss carryforwards 27,589 34,079 Deferred revenue 27 900 Equipment, software, and leasehold improvements 1,841 2,922 Intangibles 7,392 6,216 Other 1,370 455 Gross deferred tax assets 131,451 172,035 Less valuation allowance (128,314) (160,783) Gross deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance $ 3,137 $ 11,252 Deferred tax liabilities: Other intangible assets $ (158) $ (4,667) Lease liability (1,579) (2,333) Undistributed foreign earnings (937) (909) Other (683) (838) Net unrealized gains and basis differences on investments — (2,916) Gross deferred tax liabilities (3,357) (11,663) Net deferred tax liabilities (220) (411) Less: net deferred tax liabilities - discontinued operations — (96) Net deferred tax liabilities - continuing operations $ (220) $ (315) As of December 31, 2020, we maintained a valuation allowance of $128.3 million for our deferred tax assets that we believe are not more likely than not to be realized. The net change in valuation allowance was a $32.5 million decrease and a $23.5 million increase during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The net decrease in the valuation allowance since December 31, 2019 of $32.5 million was primarily the result of the disposition of Napster for which the Company maintained a valuation allowance. RealNetworks' U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards totaled $321.2 million and $406.0 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease is mainly due to net operating loss carryforwards from the disposition of Napster, offset by the current year U.S. taxable loss. The remaining net operating loss carryforwards as of December 31, 2020 are from prior U.S. taxable losses and from acquired subsidiaries that are limited under Internal Revenue Code Section 382. These net operating loss carryforwards expire between 2024 and 2037. Income tax receivables were $0.1 million and $1.8 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019. RealNetworks' U.S. federal research and development tax credit carryforward totaled $13.4 million and $19.7 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019. The research and development credit carryforwards expire between 2021 and 2040. As of December 31, 2018, the Company no longer intends to indefinitely reinvest substantially all of the Company's foreign earnings outside of the U.S. We have a recorded deferred tax liability of $0.9 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 for local country and foreign withholding taxes associated with the repatriation of such foreign earnings. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, RealNetworks had $0.7 million and $5.0 million in uncertain tax positions, respectively. The decrease in uncertain tax positions is primarily the result of the Napster disposition, for which unrecognized tax positions were removed relating to federal research and development tax credit carryforward risks, as well as transfer pricing risks in certain foreign jurisdictions. The remaining unrecognized tax benefits are due to federal research and development tax credit carryforward risks. We do not anticipate that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change within the next twelve months. We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the provision for income taxes. As of December 31, 2020, we have no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions. Reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2020 2019 Balance, beginning of year $ 5,020 $ 374 Increases related to prior year tax positions 77 4,125 Decreases related to prior year tax positions (4,564) (85) Increases related to current year tax positions 122 606 Balance, end of year $ 655 $ 5,020

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Earnings (Loss) Per Share	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Earnings Per Share	Note 14. Loss Per Share Basic net income (loss) per share (EPS) is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to RealNetworks by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to RealNetworks by the weighted average number of common and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Basic and diluted EPS (in thousands, except per share amounts): Years ended December 31, 2020 2019 Net loss from continuing operations attributable to RealNetworks $ (4,830) $ (15,065) Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to RealNetworks (22) (4,936) Net loss attributable to RealNetworks $ (4,852) $ (20,001) Weighted average common shares outstanding used to compute basic EPS 38,272 37,994 Dilutive effect of stock based awards and Series B Preferred Stock — — Weighted average common shares outstanding used to compute diluted EPS 38,272 37,994 Net loss per share attributable to RealNetworks - Basic: Continuing operations $ (0.13) $ (0.40) Discontinued operations — (0.13) Total net loss per share - Basic $ (0.13) $ (0.53) Net loss per share attributable to RealNetworks - Diluted: Continuing operations $ (0.13) $ (0.40) Discontinued operations — (0.13) Total net loss per share - Diluted $ (0.13) $ (0.53) Approximately 6.8 million and 7.7 million shares of potentially issuable shares from stock awards were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, because of their antidilutive effect. During 2020, 8,064,516 shares of Series B preferred stock were issued. The Series B Preferred Stock is convertible into common stock on a one-to-one basis subject to the limitation described in Note 19. Related Party Transactions. During the year ended December 31, 2020, these shares were also excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS because of their antidilutive effect.

Leases

Leases	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Leases	Note 15. Leases We have commitments for future payments related to office facilities leases. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available in determining the present value of future payments. Operating lease assets also exclude lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Some of our leases include options to extend or terminate the lease. Our leases generally include one or more options to renew; however, the exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. For nearly all of our operating leases, upon adoption of the new guidance, we have not assumed any options to extend will be exercised as part of our calculation of the lease liability. We have operating leases for office space and data centers with remaining lease terms of 1 year to 5 years. In 2020, we recorded $1.1 million of lease impairment charges for an office space previously vacated. This charge was recognized in restructuring and other charges on the consolidated statements of operations. In 2020, we entered into an amendment that extended an office lease, resulting in a right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for lease obligations of $0.9 million. Details related to lease expense and supplemental cash flow were as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 Operating lease expense $ 4,118 $ 4,360 Variable lease expense 711 758 Sublease income (1,330) (1,363) Net lease expense $ 3,499 $ 3,755 Operating cash outflows for lease liabilities $ 4,356 $ 4,403 Details related to lease term and discount rate were as follows: December 31, December 31, Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) 3 years 4 years Weighted-average discount rate 4.95 % 4.66 % Future minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2020 are as follows (in thousands): Office Leases 2021 $ 3,599 2022 2,899 2023 2,600 2024 1,867 2025 195 Total minimum payments (a) 11,160 Less: Imputed interest 950 Present value of total minimum payments (b) $ 10,210 (a) Total minimum payments exclude executory costs, inclusive of insurance, maintenance, and taxes, of $5.1 million; minimum payments also have not been reduced by sublease rentals of $2.7 million due in the future under subleases. (b) $6.8 million is included in Long-term lease liabilities and $3.4 million is included in Accrued and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies We have been in the past and could become in the future subject to legal proceedings, governmental investigations, and claims in the ordinary course of business, including employment claims, contract-related claims, and claims of alleged infringement of third-party patents, trademarks, and other intellectual property rights. Such claims, even if not meritorious, could force us to expend significant financial and managerial resources. In addition, given the broad distribution of some of our consumer products, any individual claim related to those products could give rise to liabilities that may be material to us. In the event of a determination adverse to us, we may incur substantial monetary liability, and/or be required to change our business practices. Either of these could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements. On April 6, 2020, RealNetworks Asia Pacific Co., Ltd. received notice of a civil lawsuit filed by Korean Music Copyright Association (KOMCA) seeking damages of $2.6 million. Also named as a defendant in the lawsuit is Kakao M Corp (formerly known as LOEN Entertainment Corp.), one of the largest media publishing companies in Korea, which operates the Melon music platform. The claim is for a late payment penalty under a music licensing contract, pursuant to which, from 2004 to 2017, RealNetworks licensed music for its services to LOEN for its Melon platform. The current lawsuit relates solely to the late payment of music licensing fees under the contract; the underlying music licensing fees were paid by Kakao M to KOMCA in a separate settlement prior to KOMCA’s filing of this lawsuit. While we believe we have meritorious defenses to this lawsuit and intend to vigorously defend RealNetworks, litigation is inherently uncertain and we cannot predict the outcome of this matter. We have not recorded an accrual related to this matter as of December 31, 2020 as it is early in the litigation and any potential liability cannot be reasonably estimated.

Guarantees

Guarantees	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Guarantees [Abstract]
Guarantees	Note 17. Guarantees In the ordinary course of business, RealNetworks is subject to potential obligations for standard warranty and indemnification provisions that are contained within many of our customer license and service agreements. Our warranty provisions are consistent with those prevalent in our industry, and we do not have a history of incurring losses on warranties; therefore, we do not maintain accruals for warranty-related obligations. With regard to indemnification provisions, nearly all of our carrier contracts obligate us to indemnify our carrier customers for certain liabilities that may be incurred by them. We have received in the past, and may receive in the future, claims for indemnification from some of our carrier customers.

Segment Information

Segment Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment Information	Note 18. Segment Information We manage our business and report revenue and operating income (loss) in three segments: (1) Consumer Media, which includes licensing of our codec technology and our PC-based RealPlayer products, including RealPlayer Plus and related products; (2) Mobile Services, which includes our SaaS services, our integrated RealTimes ® platform which is sold to mobile carriers and our computer vision platform, SAFR (Secure Accurate Facial Recognition); and (3) Games, which includes all our games-related businesses, including sales of in-game virtual goods, mobile games and games licenses, games subscription services, and in-game advertising and advertising on games sites. RealNetworks allocates to its Consumer Media, Mobile Services and Games reportable segments certain corporate expenses which are directly attributable to supporting these businesses, including but not limited to a portion of finance, legal, human resources and headquarters facilities. Remaining expenses, which are not directly attributable to supporting these businesses, are reported as corporate items. These corporate items may also include changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration liability, restructuring charges and stock compensation charges. RealNetworks reports the three reportable segments based on factors such as how we manage our operations and how our Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) reviews results. The CODM reviews financial information presented on both a consolidated basis and on a business segment basis. The accounting policies used to derive segment results are the same as those described in Note 1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. Segment results for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows (in thousands): Consumer Media 2020 2019 Revenue $ 12,581 $ 13,170 Cost of revenue 2,273 3,031 Gross profit 10,308 10,139 Operating expenses 8,889 11,186 Operating income (loss) $ 1,419 $ (1,047) Mobile Services 2020 2019 Revenue $ 26,889 $ 27,143 Cost of revenue 6,725 7,500 Gross profit 20,164 19,643 Operating expenses 24,787 29,340 Operating income (loss) $ (4,623) $ (9,697) Games 2020 2019 Revenue $ 28,592 $ 25,489 Cost of revenue 7,451 6,975 Gross profit 21,141 18,514 Operating expenses 19,936 20,220 Operating income (loss) $ 1,205 $ (1,706) Corporate 2020 2019 Cost of revenue $ 16 $ (280) Operating expenses 3,009 14,894 Operating income (loss) $ (3,025) $ (14,614) Our customers consist primarily of consumers and corporations located in the U.S., Europe and various foreign countries (Rest of the World). Revenue by geographic region (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2020 2019 United States $ 43,704 $ 39,724 Europe 9,375 10,632 Rest of the World 14,983 15,446 Total $ 68,062 $ 65,802 Long-lived assets (consists of equipment, software, leasehold improvements, operating lease assets, and goodwill) by geographic region (in thousands): December 31, 2020 2019 United States $ 18,318 $ 20,515 Europe 7,638 7,221 Rest of the World 1,227 1,790 Total long-lived assets $ 27,183 $ 29,526

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	Note 19. Related Party Transactions The sale of Napster closed on December 30, 2020. For additional details, see Note 4. Acquisitions and Dispositions. In February 2020, we entered into a Series B Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with Mr. Glaser, pursuant to which Mr. Glaser invested approximately $10.0 million in RealNetworks in exchange for the issuance to him of 8,064,516 shares of Series B Preferred Stock. The Series B Preferred Stock is non-voting and is convertible into common stock on a one-to-one basis, provided, however, that no conversion is permitted in the event that such conversion would cause Mr. Glaser’s beneficial ownership of our common stock to exceed the 38.5% threshold set forth in our Second Amended and Restated Shareholder Rights Plan dated November 30, 2018. The Series B Preferred Stock has no liquidation preference and no preferred dividend. In July 2020, Mr. Glaser invested $0.7 million into a RealNetworks subsidiary, Scener. Scener is developing a platform that transforms the experience of viewing video entertainment into a social, connected playground. The July 2020 funding was in addition to $0.8 million that Mr. Glaser had previously directly invested in 2019. In August 2020, this same subsidiary entered into agreements and received $1.4 million in funding from outside investors. The 2020 investments were in the form of SAFEs, as described in Note 5. Fair Value Measurements. As of December 31, 2020, RealNetworks owned approximately 82% of the subsidiary's outstanding equity, and we consolidate its financial results into our financial statements. The financial results of the subsidiary are reported in our Consumer Media segment.

Description of Business and S_2

Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Description of Business	Description of Business. RealNetworks provides digital media software and services to consumers, mobile carriers, device manufacturers, system integrators, and other businesses. Consumers use our digital media products and services to store, organize, play, manage and enjoy their digital media content, either directly from us or through our distribution partners. Our computer vision SAFR (Secure Accurate Facial Recognition) platform, a key investment initiative for us, enables new applications for security, convenience, and analytics, and is optimized for live video. Rhapsody International, Inc. (doing business as Napster) offers a comprehensive set of digital music products and services designed to provide consumers with broad access to digital music. Napster was held-for-sale and treated as discontinued operations for accounting and disclosure purposes as of the third quarter of 2020. The sale of Napster was completed during the fourth quarter of 2020. The results of operations and cash flows for our discontinued operations have been segregated from the results of continuing operations and segment results, and Napster’s operating results and financial condition have been recast to conform to this presentation. The notes to the consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise indicated, are on a continuing operations basis. See Note 4. Acquisitions and Dispositions for additional details regarding the acquisition and sale of Napster. Inherent in our business are various risks and uncertainties, including a limited history of certain of our product and service offerings. RealNetworks' success will depend on the acceptance of our technology, products and services and the ability to generate related revenue and cash flow. In this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (10-K), RealNetworks, Inc. and subsidiaries is referred to as “RealNetworks”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”.
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries in which it has a more than 50% voting interest. Noncontrolling interests primarily represent third-party ownership in the equity of Napster and Scener Inc. ("Scener") and are reflected separately in the Company's financial statements. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Liquidity and Capital Resournces	Liquidity and Capital Resources. The Company continues to incur operating losses from continuing operations, including net operating losses of $5.0 million, and $27.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company had an accumulated deficit of $548.9 million and $544.0 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company believes that its cash and cash equivalents of $23.9 million as of December 31, 2020, as well as the unused capacity of its revolving line of credit, are adequate to fund the Company's operations for at least one year from the date these financial statements were issued.
Risk and Uncetainties	Risks and Uncertainties. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19 to be a global pandemic. As the virus spread throughout the U.S. and the world, authorities implemented numerous measures to contain the virus, including travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, business limitations, and shutdowns. In addition to the pandemic's widespread impact on public health and global society, reactions to the pandemic as well as measures taken to contain the virus have caused significant turmoil to the global economy and financial markets. Moreover, similar to other companies, we have taken steps to support the health and well-being of our employees, customers, partners and communities, which include working remotely and learning to operate our businesses in a fundamentally different way. The COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant economic instability and financial market turmoil has added complexity, uncertainty and risk to nearly all aspects of our business. It is difficult to predict the near-term and long-term impacts that the pandemic will have on our results from operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows. In the preparation of our financial statements, certain estimates and assumptions regarding these impacts have been made, which could change in future periods and which could differ from actual outcomes.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates.    The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Disclosure	Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
Trade Accounts Receivable	Trade Accounts Receivable. Trade accounts receivable consist of amounts due from customers and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns is our estimate of the amount of probable credit losses and returns in our existing accounts receivable. We determine the allowances based on analysis of historical bad debts, customer concentrations, changes in customer credit-worthiness, return history and current economic trends. We review the allowances for doubtful accounts and sales returns quarterly. Past due balances over 90 days and specified other balances are reviewed individually for collectability. All other balances are reviewed on an aggregate basis. Account balances are written off against the allowance
Investment, Policy	Investments. Investments are equity securities for which there is a determinable fair market value. We hold equity securities with a contractual lock-up period that require us to discount the fair market value until this restriction is removed. See Note 5. Fair Value Measurements for additional information. Unrealized gains and losses from the change in fair market value, as well as realized gains and losses from sales, are recorded to Gain on equity and other investments, net on the consolidated statements of operations. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments are determined using the specific identification method.
Concentration of Credit Risk	Concentration of Credit Risk. Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We maintain cash and cash equivalents that may exceed the insured limits by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. However, we reduce this credit risk by placing cash and cash equivalents with major financial institutions that the Company assesses to be of high-credit quality. We derive a portion of our revenue from a large number of individual consumers spread globally. We also derive revenue from several large customers. If the financial condition or results of operations of any one of the large customers deteriorates substantially, our operating results could be adversely affected. To reduce credit risk, management performs ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of significant customers. We do not generally require collateral and we maintain an allowance for estimated credit losses on customer accounts when considered necessary.
Depreciation and Amortization	Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation of equipment and software, as well as amortization of leasehold improvements is computed using the straight-line method over the lesser of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the related lease term. The useful life of equipment and software is generally three five
Equity Method Investments	Equity Method Investment. We use the equity method in circumstances where we have the ability to exert significant influence, but not control, over an investee or joint venture. We initially record our investment based on a fair value analysis of the investment. We record our percentage interest in the investee's recorded income or loss and changes in the investee's capital under this method, which will increase or decrease the reported value of our investment. We evaluate impairment of an investment accounted for under the equity method if events and circumstances warrant. An impairment charge would be recorded if a decline in the fair value of an equity investment below its carrying amount were determined to be other than temporary. In determining if a decline is other than temporary, we consider factors such as the length of time and extent to which the fair value of the investment has been less than the carrying amount of the investee or joint venture, the near-term and longer-term operating and financial prospects of the investee or joint venture and our intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery.
Deferred Costs	Deferred Costs. Included in deferred costs are financing fees associated with our revolving line of credit. These fees are amortized over the term of the credit agreement. Amortization of the financing fees are recorded in interest expense, within other income (expenses).
Other Definite-Lived Intangible Assets	Definite-Lived Tangible and Right-of-Use Operating Lease Assets. Definite-lived tangible assets include equipment, software, leasehold improvements. Definite-lived assets are amortized on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives. Operating leases are included in Operating lease assets, Other current liabilities, and Long-term lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Goodwill	Goodwill. We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, in our fourth quarter, or more frequently if circumstances indicate reporting unit carrying values may exceed their fair values. Circumstances that may indicate a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value include, but are not limited to: poor economic performance relative to historical or projected future operating results; significant negative industry, economic or company specific trends; changes in the manner of our use of the assets or the plans for our business; and loss of key personnel.
Fair Value	Fair Value. Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid in transferring a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Our fair value measurements consider the principal or most advantageous market in which we would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and credit risk. Fair values are determined based on three levels of inputs: • Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities • Level 2: Directly or indirectly observed inputs for the asset or liability, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active • Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect our own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use
Research and Development	Research and Development. Costs incurred in research and development are expensed as incurred. Software development costs are capitalized when a product’s technological feasibility has been established through the date the product is available for general release to customers. Other than internal use software, we have not capitalized any software development costs, as technological feasibility is generally not established until a working model is completed, at which time substantially all development is complete.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition.    We recognize revenue from contracts with customers as control of the promised good or service is transferred. Please refer to Note 3. Revenue Recognition for further details regarding our recognition policies.
Advertising Expenses	Advertising Expenses.   We expense the cost of advertising and promoting our products as incurred.
Foreign Currency	Foreign Currency.    The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is generally the currency of the country in which the subsidiary operates. Assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars using rates of exchange in effect at the end of the reporting period. The net gain or loss resulting from translation is shown as translation adjustment and included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI) in shareholders’ equity. Income and expense accounts are translated into U.S. dollars using average rates of exchange. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are included in other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of operations.
Accounting for Taxes Collected from Customers	Accounting for Taxes Collected from Customers.    Our revenues are reported net of sales and other transaction taxes that are collected from customers and remitted to taxing authorities.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes. We compute income taxes using the asset and liability method, under which deferred income taxes are provided for temporary differences between financial reporting basis and tax basis of our assets and liabilities and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. We record a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character in the appropriate taxing jurisdictions. Adjustments to the valuation allowance could be required in the future if we estimate that the amount of deferred tax assets to be realized is more or less than the net amount we have recorded. Any increase or decrease in the valuation allowance could have the effect of increasing or decreasing the income tax provision in the statement of operations. Deferred tax assets and liabilities and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. We file numerous consolidated and separate income tax returns in the U.S. including federal, state and local, as well as foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations for tax years
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model or other appropriate valuation models such as Monte Carlo simulation to determine the fair value of stock-based option awards. The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the closing market price of our common stock on the grant date of the award. Generally, we recognize the compensation cost for awards on a straight-line basis for the entire award, over the applicable vesting period. For performance-based awards, expense is recognized when it is probable the performance goal will be achieved, however if the likelihood becomes improbable, that expense is reversed. For market-based stock options, fair value is measured at the grant date using the Monte Carlo simulation model, and we recognize compensation cost for these awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the awards.
Net Income Per Share	Net Income (Loss) Per Share.    Basic net income (loss) per share (EPS) is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period.

Revenue Recognition (Tables)

Revenue Recognition (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Disaggregation of Revenue	The following table presents our disaggregated revenue by source and segment (in thousands): Year ended December 31, 2020 Consumer Media Mobile Services Games Business Line Software License $ 5,957 $ 5,110 $ — Subscription Services 3,586 21,779 10,794 Product Sales 1,301 — 13,879 Advertising and Other 1,737 — 3,919 Total $ 12,581 $ 26,889 $ 28,592 Year ended December 31, 2019 Consumer Media Mobile Services Games Business Line Software License $ 6,522 $ 3,101 $ — Subscription Services 4,148 24,042 12,121 Product Sales 825 — 9,823 Advertising and Other 1,675 — 3,545 Total $ 13,170 $ 27,143 $ 25,489 The following table presents our disaggregated revenue by sales channel (in thousands): Year ended December 31, 2020 Consumer Media Mobile Services Games Sales Channel Business to Business $ 7,693 $ 26,495 $ 4,664 Direct to Consumer 4,888 394 23,928 Total $ 12,581 $ 26,889 $ 28,592 Year ended December 31, 2019 Consumer Media Mobile Services Games Sales Channel Business to Business $ 8,199 $ 26,691 $ 4,710 Direct to Consumer 4,971 452 20,779 Total $ 13,170 $ 27,143 $ 25,489

Business Combinations (Tables)

Business Combinations (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Business Combinations [Abstract]
Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed	The following table summarizes the final allocation of the total consideration to the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of January 18, 2019 (in thousands): Consideration, at estimated fair value: Cash $ 1,000 Contingent consideration 11,600 RealNetworks' preexisting 42% equity interest in Napster 2,700 Effective settlement of Napster debt and warrants, held by RealNetworks 6,408 Total consideration $ 21,708 Assets acquired and liabilities assumed, at estimated fair value: Cash and cash equivalents $ 10,127 Accounts receivable 20,915 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 2,421 Restricted cash 2,322 Equipment, software and leasehold improvements 474 Operating lease assets 2,400 Other long-term assets 77 Deferred tax assets, net 5,932 Intangible assets 23,700 Goodwill 45,520 Total assets acquired 113,888 Accounts payable 786 Accrued royalties and fulfillment 59,036 Accrued and other current liabilities 7,032 Deferred revenue, current portion 3,526 Notes payable 12,211 Deferred tax liabilities, net 6,208 Long-term lease liabilities 1,190 Other long-term liabilities 1,621 Total liabilities assumed 91,610 Total net assets acquired 22,278 Noncontrolling interests 570 Net assets acquired $ 21,708
Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets Acquired as Part of Business Combination	Prior to discontinued operations and held-for-sale accounting treatment, acquired intangible assets had a total weighted average useful life of approximately 8 years, were being amortized using the straight line method, and were comprised of the following (in thousands): Intangible category Estimated fair value Method used to calculate fair value Estimated remaining useful life Trade name and trademarks $ 6,800 Relief-from-royalty 15 years Developed technology 5,900 Excess earnings 4 years Customer relationships 5,900 Cost-to-replace 3 years Partner relationships 5,100 Distributor method 8 years Total $ 23,700
Results of Operations and Carrying Amounts of Assets and Liabilities	The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of major classes of assets and liabilities of discontinued operations at December 31, 2019: December 31, 2019 Cash and cash equivalents $ 8,333 Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance 16,740 Other current assets 3,303 Total current assets of discontinued operations 28,376 Net equipment, software, and leasehold improvements 401 Other intangible assets 19,286 Goodwill 45,520 Other non-current assets 2,604 Total assets of discontinued operations $ 96,187 Accrued royalties, fulfillment and other current liabilities $ 65,310 Notes payable 7,331 Total current liabilities of discontinued operations 72,641 Other non-current liabilities 1,843 Total liabilities of discontinued operations $ 74,484 The following table summarizes the net loss from discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019: 2020 2019 Revenue $ 96,185 $ 106,311 Cost of revenue 73,318 85,901 Gross profit 22,867 20,410 Operating expenses 24,734 25,789 Operating loss (1,867) (5,379) Other income (expenses) 2,175 (285) Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes 308 (5,664) Income tax expense 514 366 Net loss from discontinued operations (206) (6,030) Noncontrolling interests in net income (loss) from discontinued operations (184) (1,094) Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to RealNetworks $ (22) $ (4,936) The following table summarizes the gain recognized for the year ended December 31, 2020 from the sale of Napster: Net proceeds received (1) $ 22,849 Net assets disposed (20,935) Gain on sale of Napster $ 1,914 (1) Proceeds received are net of transaction costs, funds to minority shareholders and fair value adjustments to MelodyVR stock.

Fair Value Measurements (Tables

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis	The following tables present information about our financial assets that have been measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs utilized to determine fair value (in thousands). Fair Value Measurements as of Amortized Cost as of December 31, 2020 December 31, 2020 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents $ 23,940 $ — $ — $ 23,940 $ 23,940 Investments — — 9,965 9,965 N/A Restricted cash equivalents 1,630 — — 1,630 1,630 Total assets $ 25,570 $ — $ 9,965 $ 35,535 N/A Accrued and other current liabilities: Napster acquisition contingent consideration $ — $ — $ 4,800 $ 4,800 N/A Other long-term liabilities Simple Agreements for Future Equity — — 2,106 2,106 N/A Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 6,906 $ 6,906 N/A Fair Value Measurements as of Amortized Cost as of December 31, 2019 December 31, 2019 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents $ 8,472 $ — $ — $ 8,472 $ 8,472 Restricted cash equivalents 3,500 1,380 — 4,880 4,880 Total assets $ 11,972 $ 1,380 $ — $ 13,352 $ 13,352 Accrued and other current liabilities: Napster acquisition contingent consideration $ — $ — $ 2,800 $ 2,800 N/A Other long-term liabilities Napster acquisition contingent consideration — — 9,800 9,800 N/A Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 12,600 $ 12,600 N/A

Allowance for Doubtful Accoun_2

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable and Sales Returns (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Receivables [Abstract]
Activity in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable and Sales Returns	Activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2020 2019 Balance, beginning of year $ 484 $ 475 Addition to allowance 117 24 Amounts written off (30) — Effects of foreign currency translation 27 (15) Balance, end of year $ 598 $ 484 Activity in the allowance for sales returns (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2020 2019 Balance, beginning of year $ 32 $ 85 Addition (reduction) to allowance (1) (32) Amounts written off — (21) Balance, end of year $ 31 $ 32 Total, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable and Sales Returns $ 629 $ 516

Goodwill (Tables)

Goodwill (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Goodwill	Changes in goodwill (in thousands): December 31, 2020 2019 Balance, beginning of year Goodwill $ 327,561 $ 327,608 Accumulated impairment losses (310,653) (310,653) 16,908 16,955 Effects of foreign currency translation 467 (47) 467 (47) Balance, end of year Goodwill 328,028 327,561 Accumulated impairment losses (310,653) (310,653) $ 17,375 $ 16,908 Goodwill by segment (in thousands): December 31, 2020 2019 Consumer Media $ 580 $ 580 Mobile Services 2,188 2,074 Games 14,607 14,254 Total goodwill $ 17,375 $ 16,908

Accrued and Other Current Liabi

Accrued and Other Current Liabilities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Schedule of Accrued Liabilities	Accrued and other current liabilities (in thousands): December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Royalties and other fulfillment costs $ 1,149 $ 1,535 Employee compensation, commissions and benefits 4,512 4,655 Sales, VAT and other taxes payable 1,231 801 Operating lease liabilities - current 3,373 3,643 Napster acquisition contingent consideration 4,800 2,800 Other 2,785 4,061 Total accrued and other current liabilities $ 17,850 $ 17,495

Restructuring Charges (Tables)

Restructuring Charges (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Schedule of Restructuring Charges by Type of Cost	Restructuring charges are as follows (in thousands): Employee Separation Costs Asset Related and Other Costs Total Costs incurred and charged to expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 $ 1,288 $ 1,241 $ 2,529 Costs incurred and charged to expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 $ 1,226 $ 728 $ 1,954
Schedule of Restructuring Reserve by Type of Cost	Changes to the accrued restructuring liability (which is included in Accrued and other current liabilities) for 2020 and 2019 (in thousands): Employee Separation Costs Asset Related and Other Costs Total Accrued liability as of December 31, 2018 $ 755 $ — $ 755 Costs incurred and charged to expense for the year ended December 31, 2019, excluding noncash charges 1,226 174 1,400 Cash payments (1,871) — (1,871) Accrued liability as of December 31, 2019 110 174 284 Costs incurred and charged to expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 1,288 — 1,288 Cash payments (1,052) (174) (1,226) Accrued liability as of December 31, 2020 $ 346 $ — $ 346

Shareholders' Equity (Tables)

Shareholders' Equity (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Equity [Abstract]
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Changes in components of accumulated other comprehensive loss (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 Foreign currency translation Accumulated other comprehensive loss, beginning of period $ (61,323) $ (61,118) Translation adjustments 909 (205) Napster disposition (227) — Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) 682 (205) Accumulated other comprehensive loss balance, end of period $ (60,641) $ (61,323)

Employee Stock and Benefit Pl_2

Employee Stock and Benefit Plans (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Schedule of Total Stock-based Compensation Expense	Stock-based compensation expense recognized in our consolidated statements of operations includes amounts related to stock options and restricted stock, and was as follows (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 1,420 $ 2,881
Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Determine Fair Value of Options Granted	The fair value of options granted used the following weighted average assumptions: Years ended December 31, 2020 2019 Expected dividend yield — % — % Risk-free interest rate 0.37 % 2.12 % Expected term (years) 4.8 4.0 Volatility 45 % 41 %
Schedule of Nonvested Restricted Stock Units Activity	Restricted stock unit and award activity was as follows (shares are in thousands): Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share Total Grant Date Fair Value of Vested Awards (000's) Nonvested shares, December 31, 2018 698 $ 2.63 Granted 701 2.54 Vested (499) 3.10 $ 1,547 Forfeited/Canceled (55) 3.33 Nonvested shares, December 31, 2019 845 $ 2.24 Granted 1,446 1.49 Vested (218) 1.89 $ 412 Forfeited/Canceled (270) 2.38 Nonvested shares, December 31, 2020 1,803 $ 1.65
Schedule of Stock Options and Restricted Stock Units Activity	Stock option activity (shares are in thousands): Options Outstanding Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, December 31, 2018 7,328 $ 4.56 Options granted at common stock price 988 2.33 $ 0.81 Options exercised — — Options cancelled (845) 4.67 Outstanding, December 31, 2019 7,471 $ 4.25 Options granted at common stock price 2,382 1.26 $ 0.47 Options exercised — — Options cancelled (3,354) 4.59 Outstanding, December 31, 2020 6,499 $ 2.97 Exercisable, December 31, 2020 3,304 $ 4.06 Vested and expected to vest, December 31, 2020 5,262 $ 3.21

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Components of Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes	Components of income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2020 2019 United States operations $ (8,241) $ (11,483) Foreign operations 3,182 (3,043) Income (loss) before income taxes $ (5,059) $ (14,526)
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	Components of income tax expense (benefit) (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2020 2019 Current: United States federal $ 202 $ 214 State and local 20 39 Foreign 530 451 Total current 752 704 Deferred: United States federal (495) (54) Foreign (202) 52 Total deferred (697) (2) Total income tax expense (benefit) $ 55 $ 702
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation	Income tax expense differs from “expected” income tax expense (computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% in 2020 and 2019) from continuing operations before income taxes due to the following (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2020 2019 United States federal tax expense (benefit) at statutory rate $ (1,062) $ (3,050) State taxes, net of United States federal tax expense (benefit) (807) 629 Change in valuation allowance 2,545 2,528 Non-deductible stock compensation 1,406 253 Impact of non-U.S. jurisdictional tax rate difference (169) (116) Research and development tax credit (183) (67) Non-U.S. withholding tax 229 170 Change in indefinite reinvestment assertion (8) (72) Contingent consideration (1,806) 210 Other (90) 217 Total income tax expense (benefit) $ 55 $ 702
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]	Net deferred tax assets, which are recorded at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 using a 21% tax rate, are comprised of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2020 2019 Deferred tax assets: United States federal net operating loss carryforwards $ 67,451 $ 85,270 Deferred expenses 314 3,226 Research and development tax credit carryforwards 13,350 19,694 Right of use asset 2,103 2,696 Stock-based compensation 1,498 2,697 State net operating loss carryforwards 8,516 13,880 Foreign net operating loss carryforwards 27,589 34,079 Deferred revenue 27 900 Equipment, software, and leasehold improvements 1,841 2,922 Intangibles 7,392 6,216 Other 1,370 455 Gross deferred tax assets 131,451 172,035 Less valuation allowance (128,314) (160,783) Gross deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance $ 3,137 $ 11,252 Deferred tax liabilities: Other intangible assets $ (158) $ (4,667) Lease liability (1,579) (2,333) Undistributed foreign earnings (937) (909) Other (683) (838) Net unrealized gains and basis differences on investments — (2,916) Gross deferred tax liabilities (3,357) (11,663) Net deferred tax liabilities (220) (411) Less: net deferred tax liabilities - discontinued operations — (96) Net deferred tax liabilities - continuing operations $ (220) $ (315)
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits	Reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2020 2019 Balance, beginning of year $ 5,020 $ 374 Increases related to prior year tax positions 77 4,125 Decreases related to prior year tax positions (4,564) (85) Increases related to current year tax positions 122 606 Balance, end of year $ 655 $ 5,020

Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Tabl

Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share	Years ended December 31, 2020 2019 Net loss from continuing operations attributable to RealNetworks $ (4,830) $ (15,065) Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to RealNetworks (22) (4,936) Net loss attributable to RealNetworks $ (4,852) $ (20,001) Weighted average common shares outstanding used to compute basic EPS 38,272 37,994 Dilutive effect of stock based awards and Series B Preferred Stock — — Weighted average common shares outstanding used to compute diluted EPS 38,272 37,994 Net loss per share attributable to RealNetworks - Basic: Continuing operations $ (0.13) $ (0.40) Discontinued operations — (0.13) Total net loss per share - Basic $ (0.13) $ (0.53) Net loss per share attributable to RealNetworks - Diluted: Continuing operations $ (0.13) $ (0.40) Discontinued operations — (0.13) Total net loss per share - Diluted $ (0.13) $ (0.53)

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Lease, Cost	Details related to lease expense and supplemental cash flow were as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 Operating lease expense $ 4,118 $ 4,360 Variable lease expense 711 758 Sublease income (1,330) (1,363) Net lease expense $ 3,499 $ 3,755 Operating cash outflows for lease liabilities $ 4,356 $ 4,403
Lessee, Operating Lease, Disclosure	Details related to lease term and discount rate were as follows: December 31, December 31, Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) 3 years 4 years Weighted-average discount rate 4.95 % 4.66 %
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity	Future minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2020 are as follows (in thousands): Office Leases 2021 $ 3,599 2022 2,899 2023 2,600 2024 1,867 2025 195 Total minimum payments (a) 11,160 Less: Imputed interest 950 Present value of total minimum payments (b) $ 10,210

Segment Information (Tables)

Segment Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment Results	Segment results for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows (in thousands): Consumer Media 2020 2019 Revenue $ 12,581 $ 13,170 Cost of revenue 2,273 3,031 Gross profit 10,308 10,139 Operating expenses 8,889 11,186 Operating income (loss) $ 1,419 $ (1,047) Mobile Services 2020 2019 Revenue $ 26,889 $ 27,143 Cost of revenue 6,725 7,500 Gross profit 20,164 19,643 Operating expenses 24,787 29,340 Operating income (loss) $ (4,623) $ (9,697) Games 2020 2019 Revenue $ 28,592 $ 25,489 Cost of revenue 7,451 6,975 Gross profit 21,141 18,514 Operating expenses 19,936 20,220 Operating income (loss) $ 1,205 $ (1,706) Corporate 2020 2019 Cost of revenue $ 16 $ (280) Operating expenses 3,009 14,894 Operating income (loss) $ (3,025) $ (14,614)
Revenue by Geographic Region	Our customers consist primarily of consumers and corporations located in the U.S., Europe and various foreign countries (Rest of the World). Revenue by geographic region (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2020 2019 United States $ 43,704 $ 39,724 Europe 9,375 10,632 Rest of the World 14,983 15,446 Total $ 68,062 $ 65,802
Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Region	Long-lived assets (consists of equipment, software, leasehold improvements, operating lease assets, and goodwill) by geographic region (in thousands): December 31, 2020 2019 United States $ 18,318 $ 20,515 Europe 7,638 7,221 Rest of the World 1,227 1,790 Total long-lived assets $ 27,183 $ 29,526

Description of Business and S_3

Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Narrative) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation expense	$ 0.9	$ 1.2
Advertising Expense
Advertising expense	$ 5.9	$ 5.5
Equipment and Software | Minimum
Depreciation and Amortization
Useful life	3 years
Equipment and Software | Maximum
Depreciation and Amortization
Useful life	5 years

Revenue Recognition (Disaggrega

Revenue Recognition (Disaggregation of Revenue) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	$ 68,062,000	$ 65,802,000
Accounts receivable	600,000	300,000
Contract with customer, liability	2,200,000	2,100,000
Consumer Media
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	12,581,000	13,170,000
Consumer Media | Business To Business
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	7,693,000	8,199,000
Consumer Media | Sales Channel, Directly to Consumer
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	4,888,000	4,971,000
Consumer Media | Software License
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	5,957,000	6,522,000
Consumer Media | Subscription Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	3,586,000	4,148,000
Consumer Media | Product Sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	1,301,000	825,000
Consumer Media | Advertising And Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	1,737,000	1,675,000
Mobile Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	26,889,000	27,143,000
Mobile Services | Business To Business
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	26,495,000	26,691,000
Mobile Services | Sales Channel, Directly to Consumer
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	394,000	452,000
Mobile Services | Software License
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	5,110,000	3,101,000
Mobile Services | Subscription Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	21,779,000	24,042,000
Mobile Services | Product Sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	0	0
Mobile Services | Advertising And Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	0	0
Games
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	28,592,000	25,489,000
Games | Business To Business
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	4,664,000	4,710,000
Games | Sales Channel, Directly to Consumer
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	23,928,000	20,779,000
Games | Software License
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	0	0
Games | Subscription Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	10,794,000	12,121,000
Games | Product Sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	13,879,000	9,823,000
Games | Advertising And Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenue	$ 3,919,000	$ 3,545,000

Acquisitions and Disposals (Det

Acquisitions and Disposals (Details) - USD ($)	Jan. 18, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 01, 2016
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Initial cash consideration	$ 1,000,000
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability	11,600,000
Business Combination, Step Acquisition, Equity Interest in Acquiree, Remeasurement Gain	2,700,000
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred, Settlement of Debt and Warrants	6,408,000
Net cash consideration	21,708,000
Goodwill		$ 16,908,000	$ 17,375,000	$ 16,908,000		$ 16,955,000
Business Combination, Acquisition of Less than 100 Percent, Noncontrolling Interest, Fair Value	$ 600,000
Goodwill, Purchase Accounting Adjustments		3,000,000
Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life				8 years
Gain on equity and other investments, net			111,000	$ 12,338,000
Business Acquisition, Transaction Costs			1,500,000
Total equity interest in acquiree	84.00%
Percentage of shares acquired	42.00%
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Assets, Current		28,376,000	0	28,376,000
Current liabilities of discontinued operations		72,641,000	0	72,641,000
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax			(206,000)	(6,030,000)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest of discontinued operations			(184,000)	(1,094,000)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to RealNetworks			(22,000)	(4,936,000)
Cash received			22,849,000
Disposal Group, Net Assets Disposed					$ (20,935,000)
Gain on sale of business			1,914,000
Rhapsody America LLC
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Loan commitment to Rhapsody							$ 5,000,000
Napster Disposal
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Sale price			26,000,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Consideration, Cash			12,000,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Indemnity Escrow			3,000,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Cash and Cash Equivalents		8,333,000		8,333,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Accounts, Notes and Loans Receivable, Net		16,740,000		16,740,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Other Assets, Current		3,303,000		3,303,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Assets, Current		28,376,000		28,376,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Property, Plant and Equipment, Noncurrent		401,000		401,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Intangible Assets, Noncurrent		19,286,000		19,286,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Goodwill, Noncurrent		45,520,000		45,520,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Other Assets, Noncurrent		2,604,000		2,604,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Assets		96,187,000		96,187,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Accrued Liabilities, Current		65,310,000		65,310,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Other Liabilities, Notes Payable, Current		7,331,000		7,331,000
Current liabilities of discontinued operations		72,641,000		72,641,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Other Liabilities, Noncurrent		1,843,000		1,843,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Liabilities		$ 74,484,000		74,484,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Revenue			96,185,000	106,311,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Costs of Goods Sold			73,318,000	85,901,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Gross Profit (Loss)			22,867,000	20,410,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Operating Expense			24,734,000	25,789,000
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Operating Income (Loss)			(1,867,000)	(5,379,000)
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Other Income (Expense			2,175,000	(285,000)
Discontinued Operation, Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operation, before Income Tax			308,000	(5,664,000)
Discontinued Operation, Tax Effect of Discontinued Operation			514,000	366,000
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax			(206,000)	(6,030,000)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest of discontinued operations			(184,000)	(1,094,000)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to RealNetworks			$ (22,000)	$ (4,936,000)
Napster
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Noncontrolling interest percentage			16.00%
Line of Credit
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Guarantor Obligations, Maximum Exposure, Undiscounted, Gain (loss) on Elimination	$ 2,800,000
Rhapsody America LLC
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability	11,600,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Cash and Equivalents	10,127,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Assets, Receivables	20,915,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Assets, Prepaid Expense and Other Assets	2,421,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Restricted Cash	2,322,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Property, Plant, and Equipment	474,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Operating Lease Assets	2,400,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Assets, Other	77,000
Business Combination Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Deferred Tax Assets	5,932,000
Intangible assets acquired	23,700,000
Goodwill	45,520,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Assets	113,888,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Liabilities, Accounts Payable	786,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Accrued Royalties and Fulfillment	59,036,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Accrued and Other Liabilities, Current	7,032,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Contract with Customer, Liability, Current	3,526,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Notes Payable	12,211,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Deferred Tax Liabilities	6,208,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Asset Acquired and Liability Assumed, Lease Obligation	1,190,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Noncurrent Liabilities, Other	1,621,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Liabilities	91,610,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Net	22,278,000
Business Combination, Acquisition of Less than 100 Percent, Noncontrolling Interest, Fair Value	570,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired, Goodwill, and Liabilities Assumed, Less Noncontrolling Interest	21,708,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Finite-Lived Intangibles	23,700,000
Rhapsody America LLC | Other Operating Income (Expense) [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred, Gain (Loss) on Settlement of Debt and Warrants	5,500,000
Business Acquisition, Release of Preexisting Foreign Currency, Adjustments	1,300,000
Rhapsody America LLC | Trademarks and Trade Names
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Finite-Lived Intangibles	6,800,000
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life				15 years
Rhapsody America LLC | Developed Technology Rights
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Finite-Lived Intangibles	5,900,000
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life				4 years
Rhapsody America LLC | Customer Relationships [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Finite-Lived Intangibles	5,900,000
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life				3 years
Rhapsody America LLC | Partner Relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Finite-Lived Intangibles	$ 5,100,000
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life				8 years

Fair Value Measurements (Financ

Fair Value Measurements (Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis) (Detail) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Financial assets fair value	$ 35,535,000	$ 13,352,000
Amortized Cost		13,352,000
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Current	4,800,000	2,800,000
Simple Agreements for Future Equity	2,106,000
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Noncurrent		9,800,000
Financial Liabilities Fair Value Disclosure	6,906,000	12,600,000
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Financial assets fair value	23,940,000	8,472,000
Amortized Cost	23,940,000	8,472,000
Investment [Domain] | Equity Securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Financial assets fair value	9,965,000
Restricted cash equivalents
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Financial assets fair value	1,630,000	4,880,000
Amortized Cost	1,630,000	4,880,000
Level 1
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Financial assets fair value	25,570,000	11,972,000
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Current	0	0
Simple Agreements for Future Equity	0
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Noncurrent		0
Financial Liabilities Fair Value Disclosure	0	0
Level 1 | Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Financial assets fair value	23,940,000	8,472,000
Level 1 | Investment [Domain] | Equity Securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Financial assets fair value	0
Level 1 | Restricted cash equivalents
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Financial assets fair value	1,630,000	3,500,000
Level 2
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Financial assets fair value	0	1,380,000
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Current	0	0
Simple Agreements for Future Equity	0
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Noncurrent		0
Financial Liabilities Fair Value Disclosure	0	0
Level 2 | Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Financial assets fair value	0	0
Level 2 | Investment [Domain] | Equity Securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Financial assets fair value	0
Level 2 | Restricted cash equivalents
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Financial assets fair value	0	1,380,000
Level 3
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Financial assets fair value	9,965,000	0
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Current	4,800,000	2,800,000
Simple Agreements for Future Equity	2,106,000
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Noncurrent		9,800,000
Financial Liabilities Fair Value Disclosure	6,906,000	12,600,000
Level 3 | Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Financial assets fair value	0	0
Level 3 | Investment [Domain] | Equity Securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Financial assets fair value	9,965,000
Level 3 | Restricted cash equivalents
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Financial assets fair value	$ 0	$ 0

Fair Value Measurements (Additi

Fair Value Measurements (Additional Information) (Detail) - USD ($)	Jan. 18, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 30, 2020	Aug. 31, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Unrestricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Minimum Amount Required		$ 1,500,000	$ 3,500,000	$ 1,500,000	$ 3,500,000
Initial cash consideration	$ 1,000,000
Consideration paid at closing	200,000
Additional amount paid to seller	14,000,000
Proceeds from sale of interest in acquiree	$ 15,000,000	5,000,000
Fair value adjustments to contingent consideration liability		(8,600,000)	1,000,000
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Current		4,800,000	$ 2,800,000
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss)		700,000
Simple Agreements for Future Equity		$ 2,106,000
Equity Securities
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Unobservable Measurement Input, Uncertainty, Description		Investments as of December 31, 2020 are comprised of MelodyVR ordinary shares received as a portion of the consideration from the Napster disposition. The fair value of these equity securities was calculated using the closing price of the shares as of December 31, 2020 and discounted for a lack of liquidity due to the restriction of selling or transferring the shares. Pursuant to the transaction documents executed in connection with the Napster disposition, RealNetworks is restricted from selling or transferring the MelodyVR shares, except in limited circumstances, for a period of approximately one year from the close of the transaction. The determination of the discount required the use of significant unobservable inputs, such as the lock-up period combined with an estimated equity volatility for the shares, that reflect our own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use. A 10% increase or decrease to the equity volatility rate could result in a $0.2 million decrease or $0.1 million increase, respectively, in the fair value of the stock. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized unrealized gains of $0.7 million in Gain on equity and other investments, net on the consolidated statement of operations.

Allowance for Doubtful Accoun_3

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable and Sales Returns (Activity in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable and Sales Returns) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ 516
Ending Balance	629	$ 516
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	484	475
Addition to allowance	117	24
Amounts written off	(30)	0
Effects of foreign currency translation	27	(15)
Ending Balance	598	484
Allowance for Sales Returns
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	32	85
Addition to allowance	(1)	(32)
Amounts written off	0	(21)
Ending Balance	$ 31	$ 32

Allowance for Doubtful Accoun_4

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable and Sales Returns (Additional Information) (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)Customer	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)Customer
Accounts Receivable
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Number of major customers	2	2
Percentage by major customer	10.00%	1000.00%
Accounts Receivable | Company A
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage by major customer	19.00%	26.00%
Accounts Receivable | Company B
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage by major customer	10.00%	11.00%
Revenue by Segment
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage by major customer	25.00%	13.00%
Revenues | $	$ 17,300,000	$ 8,800,000
Mobile Services | Revenue by Segment
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Number of major customers	2	1

Goodwill (Changes in Goodwill)

Goodwill (Changes in Goodwill) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 17,375	$ 16,908	$ 16,955
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of year, Goodwill, gross	327,561	327,608
Balance, beginning of year, Accumulated impairment lossses	(310,653)	(310,653)
Effects of foreign currency translation	467	(47)
Total goodwill increase (decrease)	467	(47)
Balance, end of year, Goodwill, Net	17,375	16,908
Consumer Media
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	580	580
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance, end of year, Goodwill, Net	580	580
Mobile Services
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	2,188	2,074
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance, end of year, Goodwill, Net	2,188	2,074
Games
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	14,607	14,254
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance, end of year, Goodwill, Net	$ 14,607	$ 14,254

Accrued and Other Current Lia_2

Accrued and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued Royalties, Current	$ 1,149	$ 1,535
Employee-related Liabilities, Current	4,512	4,655
Sales Value Added Taxes And Other Taxes Payable Current	1,231	801
Operating Lease, Liability, Current	3,373	3,643
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Current	4,800	2,800
Other Liabilities, Current	2,785	4,061
Accrued Expenses And Other Current Liabilities	$ 17,850	$ 17,495

Notes Payable and Long-term D_2

Notes Payable and Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($)	Feb. 04, 2021	Apr. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Aug. 31, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Term			2 years
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity						$ 10,000,000
Unrestricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Minimum Amount Required			$ 1,500,000	$ 1,500,000	$ 3,500,000	3,500,000
Other Long-term Debt, Noncurrent				$ 3,900,000
Letters of Credit Outstanding, Amount			1,000,000
Debt Issuance Costs, Line of Credit Arrangements, Gross						$ 600,000
Subsequent Event
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 6,500,000
Other Current Assets [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unamortized Debt Issuance Expense			$ 200,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Description of Variable Rate Basis			5.5
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Subsequent Event
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Description of Variable Rate Basis	3.25
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Prime Rate [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate			0.50%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Prime Rate [Member] | Subsequent Event
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	0.50%
Notes Payable to Banks
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from Issuance of Debt		$ 2,900,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage			1.00%

Restructuring Charges (Details)

Restructuring Charges (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Costs incurred and charged to expense	$ 2,529	$ 1,954
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Accrued liability beginning balance	284	755
Costs incurred and charged to expense	1,288	1,400
Cash payments	(1,226)	(1,871)
Accrued liability ending balance	346	284
Employee Separation Costs
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Costs incurred and charged to expense	1,288	1,226
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Accrued liability beginning balance	110	755
Costs incurred and charged to expense	1,288	1,226
Cash payments	(1,052)	(1,871)
Accrued liability ending balance	346	110
Contract Termination
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Costs incurred and charged to expense	1,241	728
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Accrued liability beginning balance	174	0
Costs incurred and charged to expense	0	174
Cash payments	(174)	0
Accrued liability ending balance	$ 0	$ 174

Shareholders_ Equity (Accumulat

Shareholders’ Equity (Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Roll Forward]
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent, Beginning Balance	$ 38,775,000
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	909,000	$ (205,000)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss balance, end of period	46,149,000	38,775,000
Accumulated Foreign Currency Adjustment Attributable to Parent [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Roll Forward]
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent, Beginning Balance	(61,323,000)	(61,118,000)
Translation adjustments	909,000	(205,000)
Translation Adjustment, Foreign Currency, Deconsolidation of Subsidiary Sold	(227,000)	0
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	682,000	(205,000)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss balance, end of period	$ (60,641,000)	$ (61,323,000)

Shareholders_ Equity (Narrative

Shareholders’ Equity (Narrative) (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)voteshares	Feb. 29, 2020USD ($)shares	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Additional funding in exchange for Preferred Stock | $	$ 0.8		$ 800,000
Preferred stock, Series A
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of votes available | vote	1,000
Multiple of common stock dividends awarded	1,000
Preferred stock, shares issued | shares	0		0
Series B Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Additional funding in exchange for Preferred Stock | $		$ 10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued | shares	8,065,000	8,064,516	0

Employee Stock and Benefit Pl_3

Employee Stock and Benefit Plans (Equity Compensation Plans Narrative) (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)shares	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,420,000	$ 2,881,000
Total unrecognized compensation cost	$ 2,800,000
Total unrecognized compensation cost, expected recognition period	3 years
Stock Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	4 years
Stock Options | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiration period	7 years
Restricted Stock | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	2 years
Restricted Stock | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	4 years
Restricted Stock Unit
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock reserved for future issuance | shares	3,700,000
2005 Plan | Restricted Stock Unit
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Factor for increase	1.6

Employee Stock and Benefit Pl_4

Employee Stock and Benefit Plans (Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Determine Fair Value of Options Granted) (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Risk-free interest rate	0.37%	2.12%
Expected term	4 years 9 months 18 days	4 years
Volatility	45.00%	41.00%

Employee Stock and Benefit Pl_5

Employee Stock and Benefit Plans (Restricted Stock Unit and Award Activity) (Details) - Restricted Stock Unit - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Nonvested shares, beginning of year (in shares)	845	698
Granted (in shares)	1,446	701
Vested (in shares)	(218)	(499)
Forfeited/Canceled (in shares)	(270)	(55)
Nonvested shares, end of year (in shares)	1,803	845
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Roll Forward]
Nonvested shares, beginning of year (in dollars per share)	$ 2.24	$ 2.63
Granted (in dollars per share)	1.49	2.54
Vested (in dollars per share)	1.89	3.10
Forfeited/Canceled (in dollars per share)	2.38	3.33
Nonvested shares, beginning of year (in dollars per share)	$ 1.65	$ 2.24
Total Fair Value of Vested Awards
Total fair value of vested awards	$ 412,000	$ 1,547,000
Additional Information
Aggregate intrinsic value, outstanding	$ 2,800,000
Weighted average remaining contractual term	2 years

Employee Stock and Benefit Pl_6

Employee Stock and Benefit Plans (Stock Option Activity) (Details) - Stock Options - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Options Outstanding, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Number of shares, beginning balance	7,471	7,328
Number of shares, Options granted at common stock price	2,382	988
Number of shares, Options exercised	0	0
Number of shares, Options cancelled	(3,354)	(845)
Number of shares, ending balance	6,499	7,471
Number of shares, Exercisable	3,304
Number of shares, Vested and expected to vest	5,262
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Roll Forward]
Weighted average exercise price, beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 4.25	$ 4.56
Weighted average exercise price, Options granted at common stock price (in dollars per share)	1.26	2.33
Weighted average exercise price, Options exercised (in dollars per share)	0	0
Weighted average exercise price, Options canceled (in dollars per share)	4.59	4.67
Weighted average exercise price, ending balance (in dollars per share)	2.97	4.25
Weighted average exercise price, exercisable (in dollars per share)	4.06
Weighted average exercise price, vested and expected to vest (in dollars per share)	3.21
Weighted Average Fair Value Grant
Weighted average fair value grant, Options granted at common stock prrice (in dollars per share)	$ 0.47	$ 0.81
Options, Additional Information
Weighted average remaining contractual life, outstanding	4 years 8 months 12 days
Weighted average remaining contractual life, exercisable	3 years 7 months 6 days
Weighted average remaining contractual life, vested and expected to vest	4 years 6 months
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 700,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Vested	500,000
Intrinsic value, options exercised	$ 0

Employee Stock and Benefit Pl_7

Employee Stock and Benefit Plans (Retirement Savings Plan Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Contribution amount	$ 0.3	$ 0.3

Income Taxes (Components of Inc

Income Taxes (Components of Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations [Abstract]
United States operations	$ (8,241)	$ (11,483)
Foreign operations	3,182	(3,043)
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes	$ (5,059)	$ (14,526)

Income Taxes (Components of I_2

Income Taxes (Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current:
United States federal	$ 202	$ 214
State and local	20	39
Foreign	530	451
Total current	752	704
Deferred:
United States federal	(495)	(54)
Foreign	(202)	52
Total deferred	(697)	(2)
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$ 55	$ 702

Income Taxes (Income Tax Rate R

Income Taxes (Income Tax Rate Reconciliation) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S. federal income tax rate	21.00%	21.00%
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Continuing Operations, Income Tax Reconciliation [Abstract]
United States federal tax expense (benefit) at statutory rate	$ (1,062,000)	$ (3,050,000)
State taxes, net of United States federal tax expense (benefit)	(807,000)	629,000
Change in valuation allowance	2,545,000	2,528,000
Non-deductible stock compensation	1,406,000	253,000
Impact of non-U.S. jurisdictional tax rate difference	(169,000)	(116,000)
Research and development tax credit	(183,000)	(67,000)
Non-U.S. withholding tax	229,000	170,000
Change in indefinite reinvestment assertion	(8,000)	(72,000)
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Change in Contingent Consideration Liability Fair Value From Acquisition	(1,806,000)	210,000
Other	(90,000)	217,000
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$ 55,000	$ 702,000

Income Taxes (Net Deferred Tax

Income Taxes (Net Deferred Tax Assets) (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Deferred Tax Assets [Abstract]
United States federal net operating loss carryforwards	$ 67,451,000	$ 85,270,000
Deferred expenses	314,000	3,226,000
Research and development tax credit carryforwards	13,350,000	19,694,000
Right of use tax assets	2,103,000	2,696,000
Stock-based compensation	1,498,000	2,697,000
State net operating loss carryforwards	8,516,000	13,880,000
Foreign net operating loss carryforwards	27,589,000	34,079,000
Deferred revenue	27,000	900,000
Equipment, software, and leasehold improvements	1,841,000	2,922,000
Intangibles	7,392,000	6,216,000
Other	1,370,000	455,000
Gross deferred tax assets	131,451,000	172,035,000
Less valuation allowance	(128,314,000)	(160,783,000)
Gross deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance	3,137,000	11,252,000
Deferred tax liabilities:
Other intangible assets	(158,000)	(4,667,000)
Right of use tax liability	(1,579,000)	(2,333,000)
Undistributed foreign earnings	937,000	909,000
Other	(683,000)	(838,000)
Deferred Tax Liabilities, Prepaid Expenses	0	(2,916,000)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(3,357,000)	(11,663,000)
Net deferred tax liabilities	(220,000)	(411,000)
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Deferred Tax Liabilities	0	(96,000)
Net deferred tax liabilities, continuing operations	$ (220,000)	$ (315,000)

Income Taxes (Schedule of Unrec

Income Taxes (Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of year	$ 5,020	$ 374
Increases related to prior year tax positions	77	4,125
Decreases related to prior year tax positions	(4,564)	(85)
Increases related to current year tax positions	122	606
Balance, end of year	$ 655	$ 5,020

Income Taxes (Narrative) (Detai

Income Taxes (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Valuation Allowance [Abstract]
Valuation allowance	$ 128,314,000	$ 160,783,000
Valuation Allowance, Deferred Tax Asset, Increase (Decrease), Amount	32,500,000	23,500,000
Income Tax Uncertainties [Abstract]
Unrecognized tax benefits	655,000	5,020,000	$ 374,000
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Income tax receivables	100,000	1,800,000
Research and development tax credit carryforwards	13,350,000	19,694,000
Deferred Tax Liabilities, Undistributed Foreign Earnings	900,000	900,000
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 321,200,000	$ 406,000,000

Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Deta

Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations, Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent	$ (4,830)	$ (15,065)
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent	(22)	(4,936)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent	$ (4,852)	$ (20,001)
Weighted average common shares outstanding used to compute basic EPS	38,272	37,994
Dilutive effect of stock based awards and Series B Preferred Stock	0	0
Weighted average common shares outstanding used to compute diluted EPS	38,272	37,994
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations, Per Basic Share	$ (0.13)	$ (0.40)
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations and Disposal of Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax, Per Basic Share	0	(0.13)
Total net loss per share - Basic	(0.13)	(0.53)
Continuing operations	(0.13)	(0.40)
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations and Disposal of Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax, Per Diluted Share	0	(0.13)
Total net loss per share - Diluted	$ (0.13)	$ (0.53)
Shares of common stock excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share because of antidilutive effect	6,800	7,700

Leases Overview (Detail)

Leases Overview (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating Lease, Impairment Loss	$ 1,055,000	$ 0
Right-of-Use Asset Obtained in Exchange for Operating Lease Liability	$ 900,000
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract	1 year
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract	5 years

Details of Lease Assets and Lia

Details of Lease Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Operating Lease, Expense, Including Sublease Income	$ 4,118	$ 4,360
Operating Lease, Variable Rent Expense	711	758
Operating Leases, Rent Expense, Sublease Rentals	1,330	1,363
Operating Lease, Expense	3,499	3,755
Operating Lease, Payments	$ 4,356	$ 4,403
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term	3 years	4 years
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Discount Rate, Percent	4.95%	4.66%

Schedule of Future Minimum Leas

Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Next Twelve Months	$ 3,599,000
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Two	2,899,000
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Three	2,600,000
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Four	1,867,000
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Five	195,000
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due	11,160,000
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Undiscounted Excess Amount	950,000
Operating Lease, Liability	10,210,000
Executory costs excluded	5,100,000
Sublease income receivable in future	2,700,000
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent	6,837,000	$ 8,234,000
Operating Lease, Liability, Current	$ 3,373,000	$ 3,643,000

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Commitments) (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Loss Contingency, Damages Sought, Value	$ 2.6

Segment Information (Narrative)

Segment Information (Narrative) (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020Segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of reporting segments	3

Segment Information (Segment Re

Segment Information (Segment Results) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenue	$ 68,062	$ 65,802
Cost of revenue	16,465	17,226
Gross Profit	51,597	48,576
Operating expenses	56,621	75,640
Operating Income (Loss), Total	(5,024)	(27,064)
Consumer Media
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenue	12,581	13,170
Mobile Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenue	26,889	27,143
Games
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenue	28,592	25,489
Operating Segments | Consumer Media
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenue	12,581	13,170
Cost of revenue	2,273	3,031
Gross Profit	10,308	10,139
Operating expenses	8,889	11,186
Operating Income (Loss), Total	1,419	(1,047)
Operating Segments | Mobile Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenue	26,889	27,143
Cost of revenue	6,725	7,500
Gross Profit	20,164	19,643
Operating expenses	24,787	29,340
Operating Income (Loss), Total	(4,623)	(9,697)
Operating Segments | Games
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenue	28,592	25,489
Cost of revenue	7,451	6,975
Gross Profit	21,141	18,514
Operating expenses	19,936	20,220
Operating Income (Loss), Total	1,205	(1,706)
Corporate
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Cost of revenue	16	(280)
Operating expenses	3,009	14,894
Operating Income (Loss), Total	$ (3,025)	$ (14,614)

Segment Information (Revenue by

Segment Information (Revenue by Geographic Region) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net revenue	$ 68,062	$ 65,802
United States
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net revenue	43,704	39,724
Europe
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net revenue	9,375	10,632
Rest of the World
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net revenue	$ 14,983	$ 15,446

Segment Information (Long-Lived

Segment Information (Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Region) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	$ 27,183	$ 29,526
United States
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	18,318	20,515
Europe
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	7,638	7,221
Rest of the World
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	$ 1,227	$ 1,790

Related Party Disclosures (Deta

Related Party Disclosures (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Aug. 03, 2020	Jul. 17, 2020	Feb. 29, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Additional funding in exchange for Preferred Stock	$ 0.8				$ 800,000
Maximum ownership Mr.Glaser can have	38.50%
Convertible Notes Payable		$ 1,400,000	$ 700,000
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage	82.00%
Series B Preferred Stock
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Additional funding in exchange for Preferred Stock				$ 10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	8,065,000			8,064,516	0

Uncategorized Items - rnwk-2020

Label	Element	Value
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Including Disposal Group and Discontinued Operations	us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations	$ 37,191,000
Goodwill, Gross	us-gaap_GoodwillGross	328,028,000
Goodwill, Impaired, Accumulated Impairment Loss	us-gaap_GoodwillImpairedAccumulatedImpairmentLoss	$ 310,653,000