Anworth Mortgage Asset (RC+C) 10-Q 2020 Q1 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2020

OR

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from   to

Commission File Number 001‑13709

ANWORTH MORTGAGE ASSET CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

MARYLAND	52‑2059785
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1299 Ocean Avenue, 2nd Floor Santa Monica, California	90401
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (310) 255‑4493

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☐	Accelerated Filer ☒
Non-Accelerated Filer ☐	Smaller Reporting Company ☐
	Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Act).   Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value	ANH	New York Stock Exchange
Series A Cumulative Preferred Stock, $0.01 Par Value	ANHPRA	New York Stock Exchange
Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.01 Par Value	ANHPRB	New York Stock Exchange
Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 Par Value	ANHPRC	New York Stock Exchange

As of May 8, 2020, the registrant had 98,941,327 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

ANWORTH MORTGAGE ASSET CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10‑Q

INDEX

			Page
Part I.		FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
	Item 1.	Consolidated Financial Statements	3
		Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2020 (unaudited) and December 31, 2019	3
		Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	4
		Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	5
		Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2020 (unaudited)	6
		Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 (unaudited)	7
		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	8
		Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	9
	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	39
	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	60
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	65
Part II.		OTHER INFORMATION	66
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	66
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	66
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	67
	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	67
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	67
	Item 5.	Other Information	67
	Item 6.	Exhibits	68
		Signatures	71

2

ANWORTH MORTGAGE ASSET CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.     Consolidated Financial Statements

ANWORTH MORTGAGE ASSET CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
			(audited)
ASSETS
Available-for-sale Agency MBS at fair value (including $2,319,446 and $2,764,330 pledged to counterparties at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively); amortized cost of $2,319,638 and $2,799,448 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, net of allowance for credit losses of $0 and $0 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	$	2,400,260	$	2,853,131
Trading Agency MBS at fair value (including $0 and $655,045 pledged to counterparties at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		—		656,920
Available-for-sale Non-Agency MBS at fair value (including $0 and $535,315 pledged to counterparties at  March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively); amortized cost of $0 and $613,576 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, net of allowance for credit losses of $0 and $0 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		—		643,610
Trading Non-Agency MBS at fair value (including $277,960 and $0 pledged to counterparties at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		281,686		—
Residential mortgage loans held-for-securitization, net of allowance for credit losses of $56 at March 31, 2020 and $0 at December 31, 2019		141,645		152,922
Residential mortgage loans held-for-investment through consolidated securitization trusts, net for allowance of credit losses of $167 at March 31, 2020 and $175 at December 31, 2019(1)		416,571		458,348
Residential real estate		13,260		13,499
Cash and cash equivalents		55,561		8,236
Reverse repurchase agreements		—		15,000
Restricted cash		152,453		104,699
Interest receivable		12,279		16,398
Derivative instruments at fair value		3,094		5,833
Right to use asset-operating lease		1,121		1,256
Receivable for sold securities		65,828		—
Prepaid expenses and other assets		7,253		8,779
Total Assets	$	3,551,011	$	4,938,631
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities:
Accrued interest payable	$	11,942	$	16,757
Repurchase agreements		2,473,134		3,657,873
Warehouse line of credit		116,221		133,811
Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts(1)		407,243		448,987
Junior subordinated notes		37,380		37,380
Derivative instruments at fair value		102,802		52,197
Derivative counterparty margin		6,633		367
Dividends payable on preferred stock		2,297		2,297
Dividends payable on common stock		—		8,897
Payable for purchased loans		—		5,545
Payable for terminated swaps		4,091		—
Payable to counterparty		3,098		—
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		1,000		1,312
Long-term lease obligation		1,121		1,256
Total Liabilities	$	3,166,962	$	4,366,679
Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock: par value $0.01 per share; liquidating preference $25.00 per share ($19,494 and $19,494, respectively); 780 and 780 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)	$	19,455	$	19,455
Stockholders’ Equity:
Series A Cumulative Preferred Stock: par value $0.01 per share; liquidating preference $25.00 per share ($47,984 and $47,984, respectively); 1,919 and 1,919 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)	$	46,537	$	46,537
Series C Cumulative Preferred Stock: par value $0.01 per share; liquidating preference $25.00 per share ($50,257 and $50,257, respectively); 2,010 and 2,010 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)		48,626		48,626
Common Stock: par value $0.01 per share; authorized 200,000 shares, 98,936 and 98,849 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)		989		988
Additional paid-in capital		983,669		983,401
Accumulated other comprehensive income consisting of unrealized gains and losses		65,960		65,984
Accumulated deficit		(781,187)		(593,039)
Total Stockholders’ Equity	$	364,594	$	552,497
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$	3,551,011	$	4,938,631

(1) The consolidated balance sheets include assets of consolidated variable interest entities, or VIEs, that can only be used to settle obligations and liabilities of the VIEs for which creditors do not have recourse to the Company. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, total assets of the consolidated VIEs were $418 million and $460 million (including accrued interest receivable of $1.3 million and $1.5 million), respectively (which is recorded above in the line item entitled “Interest receivable”), and total liabilities were $409 million and $450 million (including accrued interest payable of $1.3 million and $1.4 million), respectively (which is recorded in the line item above entitled “Accrued interest payable”). Please refer to Note 5, “Variable Interest Entities,” for further discussion.

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

3

ANWORTH MORTGAGE ASSET CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Interest and other income:
Interest-Agency MBS	$	21,258	$	25,711
Interest-Non-Agency MBS		8,120		10,466
Interest-securitized residential mortgage loans		4,391		5,368
Interest-residential mortgage loans held-for-securitization		1,820		86
Other interest income		174		19
		35,763		41,650
Interest expense:
Interest expense on repurchase agreements		17,278		27,136
Interest expense on asset-backed securities		4,225		5,200
Interest expense on warehouse line of credit		1,412		234
Interest expense on junior subordinated notes		472		547
		23,387		33,117
Net interest income		12,376		8,533
Provision for credit losses on loans		(56)		—
Net interest income after provision for credit losses		12,320		8,533
Operating expenses:
Management fee to related party		(1,528)		(1,724)
Rental properties depreciation and expenses		(443)		(355)
General and administrative expenses		(1,089)		(967)
Total operating expenses		(3,060)		(3,046)
Other income (loss):
Income-rental properties		454		436
Realized net gain (loss) on sales of available-for-sale MBS		5,710		(6,147)
Realized net gain (loss) on sales of Agency MBS held as trading investments		3,981		(7,363)
Realized net (loss) on sales of available-for-sale Non-Agency MBS		(55,390)		—
Unrealized net (loss) on Non-Agency MBS held as trading investments		(59,982)		—
Unrealized (loss) gain on Agency MBS held as trading investments		(1,141)		14,906
Gain on sale of residential properties		78		—
(Loss) on derivatives, net		(88,791)		(27,289)
Total other (loss)		(195,081)		(25,457)
Net (loss)	$	(185,821)	$	(19,970)
Dividends on preferred stock		(2,297)		(2,297)
Net (loss) to common stockholders	$	(188,118)	$	(22,267)
Basic (loss) per common share	$	(1.90)	$	(0.23)
Diluted (loss) per common share	$	(1.90)	$	(0.23)
Basic weighted average number of shares outstanding		98,823		98,537
Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding		98,823		98,537

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

4

ANWORTH MORTGAGE ASSET CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Net (loss)	$	(185,821)	$	(19,970)
Available-for-sale Agency MBS, fair value adjustment		34,831		25,109
Reclassification adjustment for (gain) loss on sales of Agency MBS included in net (loss)		(5,710)		6,169
Available-for-sale Non-Agency MBS, fair value adjustment		—		8,187
Reclassification adjustment due to transfer from available-for-sale to trading for Non-Agency MBS		(85,424)		—
Reclassification adjustment for loss (gain) on sales of Non-Agency MBS included in net (loss)		55,390		(22)
Amortization of unrealized gains on interest rate swaps remaining in other comprehensive income		889		1,003
Other comprehensive (loss) income		(24)		40,446
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(185,845)	$	20,476

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

5

ANWORTH MORTGAGE ASSET CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (CONTINUED)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

														Accum.
														Other Comp.
	Series A	Series C		Series A		Series C		Common				Accum. Other		Income		Accum. Other
	Preferred	Preferred	Common	Preferred		Preferred		Stock		Additional		Comp. Income		Gain (Loss)		Comp. Income
For the Three Months Ended	Stock Shares	Stock Shares	Stock Shares	Stock		Stock		Par		Paid-In		Gain (Loss)		Non-Agency		(Loss) Gain		Accum.
March 31, 2020	Outstanding	Outstanding	Outstanding	Par Value		Par Value		Value		Capital		Agency MBS		MBS		Derivatives		(Deficit)		Total
Balance, December 31, 2019	1,919	2,010	98,849	$	46,537	$	48,626	$	988	$	983,401	$	43,590	$	30,034	$	(7,640)	$	(593,039)	$	552,497
Cumulative adjustment for adoption of ASC 326	—	—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(30)		(30)
Balance, January 1, 2020	1,919	2,010	98,849		46,537		48,626		988		983,401		43,590		30,034		(7,640)		(593,069)		552,467
Issuance of common stock			87						1		264										265
Other comprehensive income, fair value adjustments and reclassifications													29,121		(30,034)		889				(24)
Net (loss)																			(185,821)		(185,821)
Amortization of restricted stock											4										4
Dividend declared - $0.539063 per Series A preferred share																			(1,035)		(1,035)
Dividend declared - $0.390625 per Series B preferred share																			(304)		(304)
Dividend declared - $0.476563 per Series C preferred share																			(958)		(958)
Balance, March 31, 2020	1,919	2,010	98,936	$	46,537	$	48,626	$	989	$	983,669	$	72,711	$	—	$	(6,751)	$	(781,187)	$	364,594

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

6

ANWORTH MORTGAGE ASSET CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

														Accum.
														Other Comp.
	Series A	Series C		Series A		Series C		Common				Accum. Other		Income		Accum. Other
	Preferred	Preferred	Common	Preferred		Preferred		Stock		Additional		Comp. Income		Gain (Loss)		Comp. Income
For the Three Months Ended	Stock Shares	Stock Shares	Stock Shares	Stock		Stock		Par		Paid-In		Gain (Loss)		Non-Agency		Gain (Loss)		Accum.
March 31, 2019	Outstanding	Outstanding	Outstanding	Par Value		Par Value		Value		Capital		Agency MBS		MBS		Derivatives		(Deficit)		Total
Balance, December 31, 2018	1,919	2,010	98,483	$	46,537	$	48,944	$	985	$	981,964	$	(28,824)	$	9,563	$	(11,531)	$	(485,988)	$	561,650
Issuance of common stock			82						1		355										356
Other comprehensive income, fair value adjustments and reclassifications													31,278		8,165		1,003				40,446
Net income																			(19,970)		(19,970)
Amortization of restricted stock											25										25
Dividend declared - $0.539063 per Series A preferred share																			(1,035)		(1,035)
Dividend declared - $0.390625 per Series B preferred share																			(304)		(304)
Dividend declared - $0.476563 per Series C preferred share																			(958)		(958)
Dividend declared - $0.13 per common share																			(12,815)		(12,815)
Balance, March 31, 2019	1,919	2,010	98,565	$	46,537	$	48,944	$	986	$	982,344	$	2,454	$	17,728	$	(10,528)	$	(521,070)	$	567,395

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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ANWORTH MORTGAGE ASSET CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

		March 31,
	2020		2019
Operating Activities:
Net (loss)	$	(185,821)	$	(19,970)
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of premium on MBS		6,477		5,886
Amortization/accretion of market yield adjustments (Non-Agency MBS)		1,253		1,222
Accretion of discount (residential mortgage loans)		(29)		(29)
Depreciation on rental properties		120		119
Amortization of premium on residential loans		327		—
Realized loss on sales of available-for-sale Non-Agency MBS		55,390		—
Realized (gain) loss on sales of available-for-sale Agency MBS		(5,710)		6,147
Realized (gain) on sales of Agency MBS held as trading investments		(3,981)		7,363
Unrealized loss (gain) on Agency MBS held as trading investments		1,141		(14,906)
Unrealized loss on Non-Agency MBS trading securities		59,982		—
(Gain) on sale of residential properties		(78)		—
Amortization of restricted stock		4		25
Net settlements received on interest rate swaps, net of amortization		889		4,861
Loss on interest rate swaps, net		99,609		33,718
(Gain) on derivatives, net of derivative income - TBA Agency MBS		(12,564)		(6,429)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Decrease in reverse repurchase agreements		15,000		20,000
Decrease (increase) in interest receivable		3,954		(765)
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other		2,206		(4,546)
(Decrease) in accrued interest payable		(322)		(8,705)
Increase in accrued expenses and payables		1,950		2,063
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	39,797	$	26,054
Investing Activities:
MBS Portfolios:
Proceeds from sales	$	1,170,362	$	903,822
Purchases		(76,283)		(997,367)
Principal payments		200,620		185,692
Residential mortgage loans held-for-securitization:
Purchases		(4,761)		(18,028)
Principal payments		10,049		802
Residential mortgage loans held-for-investment through consolidated securitization trusts:
Principal payments		31		30
Residential properties purchases		(121)		(195)
Proceeds from sales of residential properties		250		—
Net cash provided by investing activities	$	1,300,147	$	74,756
Financing Activities:
Borrowings from repurchase agreements	$	6,295,038	$	7,207,740
Repayments on repurchase agreements		(7,479,777)		(7,258,733)
Borrowings from warehouse line of credit		—		15,716
Repayments on warehouse line of credit		(17,428)		—
Net settlements of TBA Agency MBS Contracts		10,002		8,022
Termination of interest rate swaps		(48,037)		—
Derivative counterparty margin		6,266		5,238
Proceeds from common stock issued		265		356
Preferred Stock dividends paid		(2,297)		(2,297)
Common stock dividends paid		(8,897)		(12,803)
Net cash (used in) financing activities	$	(1,244,865)	$	(36,761)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		95,079		64,049
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period		112,935		33,461
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	208,014	$	97,510
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for interest	$	24,462	$	31,612
Change in payables for MBS purchased		—		227,997
Change in payables for residential mortgage loans purchased		(5,545)		100,656
Change in receivable for securities sold	$	65,828	$	—

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

8

ANWORTH MORTGAGE ASSET CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q, “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “Anworth” refer to Anworth Mortgage Asset Corporation.

NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Our Company

We were incorporated in Maryland on October 20, 1997 and commenced operations on March 17, 1998. Our principal business is to invest in, finance, and manage a leveraged portfolio of residential mortgage-backed securities, or MBS, and residential mortgage loans, which presently include the following types of investments:

§ Agency mortgage-backed securities, or Agency MBS, which include residential mortgage pass-through certificates and collateralized mortgage obligations, or CMOs, which are securities representing interests in pools of mortgage loans secured by residential property in which the principal and interest payments are guaranteed by a government-sponsored enterprise, or GSE, such as the Federal National Mortgage Association, or Fannie Mae, or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or Freddie Mac;

§ Non-agency mortgage-backed securities, or Non-Agency MBS, which are securities issued by companies that are not guaranteed by federally sponsored enterprises and that are secured primarily by first-lien residential mortgage loans; and

§ Residential mortgage loans. We acquire non-Qualified Mortgage, or Non-QM, residential mortgage loans (which are described further on page 49) from independent loan originators with the intent of holding these loans for securitization. These loans are financed by a warehouse line of credit until securitization. We also hold residential mortgage loans through consolidated securitization trusts. We finance these loans through asset-backed securities, or ABS, issued by the consolidated securitization trusts. The ABS, which are held by unaffiliated third parties, are non-recourse financing. The difference in the amount of the loans in the trusts and the amount of the ABS represents our retained net interest in the securitization trusts.

Our principal business objective is to generate net income for distribution to our stockholders primarily based upon the spread between the interest income on our mortgage assets and our borrowing costs to finance our acquisition of those assets.

We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. As long as we retain our REIT status, we generally will not be subject to federal or state income taxes to the extent that we distribute our taxable net income to our stockholders, and we routinely distribute to our stockholders substantially all of the taxable net income generated from our operations. In order to qualify as a REIT, we must meet various ongoing requirements under the tax law, including requirements relating to the composition of our assets, the nature of our gross income, minimum distribution requirements, and requirements relating to the ownership of our stock.

At March 31, 2020, we believe that we met all REIT requirements regarding the asset tests, income tests, the ownership of our common stock, and the distributions of our taxable income. Therefore, we believe that we continue to qualify as a REIT under the provisions of the Code.

Our Manager

We are externally managed and advised by Anworth Management LLC, or our Manager. Effective as of December 31, 2011, we entered into a management agreement, or the Management Agreement, with our Manager,

9

which effected the externalization of our management function, or the Externalization. Since the effective date of the Externalization, our day-to-day operations are being conducted by our Manager through the authority delegated to it under the Management Agreement and pursuant to the policies established by our board of directors, or our Board.

Our Manager is supervised by our Board and is responsible for administering our day-to-day operations. In addition, our Manager is responsible for (i) the selection, purchase, and sale of our investment portfolio; (ii) our financing and hedging activities; and (iii) providing us with portfolio management, administrative, and other services relating to our assets and operations as may be appropriate.

Our Manager will also perform such other services and activities as described in the Management Agreement relating to our assets and operations as may be appropriate. In exchange for these services, our Manager receives a management fee, paid monthly in arrears, in an amount equal to one-twelfth of 1.20% of our Equity (as defined in the Management Agreement).

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND CONSOLIDATION

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles utilized in the United States of America, or GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Material estimates that are susceptible to change relate to the determination of the fair value of investments and derivatives, credit performance of residential mortgage loans, amortization of security and loan premiums, accretion of security and loan discounts, allowance for credit losses, and accounting for derivative activities. The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic has negatively affected the economy and the longer-term effects on our business are currently unknown. Our material estimates cited above are susceptible to change, resulting from the economic effects from this pandemic. Actual results could materially differ from these estimates. In the opinion of management, all material adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all subsidiaries. Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The interim financial information in the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. Our consolidated financial statements also include the consolidation of certain securitization trusts that meet the definition of a variable interest entity, or VIEs, because the Company has been deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the securitization trusts. These securitization trusts hold pools of residential mortgage loans and issue series of ABS payable from the cash flows generated by the underlying pools of residential mortgage loans. These securitizations are non-recourse financing for the residential mortgage loans held-for-investment. Generally, a portion of the ABS issued by the securitization trusts are sold to unaffiliated third parties and the balance is purchased by the Company. We classify the underlying residential mortgage loans owned by the securitization trusts as residential mortgage loans held-for-investment through consolidated securitization trusts in our consolidated balance sheets. The ABS issued to third parties are recorded as liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. We record interest income on the residential mortgage loans held-for-investment and interest expense on the ABS issued to third parties in our consolidated statements of operations. We record the initial underlying assets and liabilities of the consolidated securitization trusts at their fair value upon consolidation into the Company and, as such, no gain or loss is recorded upon consolidation. See Note 5, “Variable Interest Entities,” to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the impact of consolidation of securitization trusts.

The consolidated securitization trusts are VIEs because the securitization trusts do not have equity that meets the definition of GAAP equity at risk. In determining if a securitization trust should be consolidated, we evaluate (in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 810‑10) whether it has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the securitization trust that most significantly impact its economic performance and (ii) the right to receive benefits from the securitization trust or the obligation to absorb losses of the securitization trust that could be significant. We determined that we are the primary beneficiary of certain

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securitization trusts because we have certain delinquency and default oversight rights on residential mortgage loans. In addition, we own the most subordinated class of ABS issued by the securitization trusts and have the obligation to absorb losses and right to receive benefits from the securitization trusts that could potentially be significant to the securitization trusts. We assess modifications, if any, to VIEs on an ongoing basis to determine if a significant reconsideration event has occurred that would change our initial consolidation assessment.

On January 1, 2020, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2016-13, “Financial Instruments–Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (CECL). Please see the section in Note 1 under “Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements” for the effect of this adoption on our retained earnings as of January 1, 2020. All prior periods are shown under the previously-existing GAAP. The cumulative effect on any change to accumulated deficit at January 1, 2020 is shown in the consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity.

The following is a summary of our significant accounting policies:

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, including U.S. Treasury bills. The carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates their fair value. Restricted cash includes cash pledged as collateral to counterparties on various derivative transactions and cash we hold from counterparties for margin calls.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

We use securities purchased under agreements to resell, or reverse repurchase agreements, as a means of investing excess cash. Although legally structured as a purchase and subsequent resale, reverse repurchase agreements are treated as financing transactions under which the counterparty pledges securities (principally U.S. treasury securities) and accrued interest as collateral to secure a loan. The difference between the purchase price that we pay and the resale price that we receive represents interest paid to us and is included in “Other interest income” on our consolidated statements of operations. It is our policy to generally take possession of securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements at the time such agreements are made.

Mortgage-Backed Securities

Agency MBS are securities that are obligations (including principal and interest) guaranteed by the U.S. government, such as Ginnie Mae, or guaranteed by federally sponsored enterprises, such as Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. Our investment-grade Agency MBS portfolio is invested primarily in fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgage-backed pass-through certificates and hybrid adjustable-rate MBS. Hybrid adjustable-rate MBS have an initial interest rate that is fixed for a certain period, typically one to ten years, and then adjusts annually for the remainder of the term of the asset. We structure our investment portfolio to be diversified with a variety of prepayment characteristics, investing in mortgage assets with prepayment penalties, investing in certain mortgage security structures that have prepayment protections and purchasing mortgage assets at a premium and at a discount. A portion of our portfolio consists of Non-Agency MBS. Our principal business objective is to generate net income for distribution to our stockholders primarily based upon the spread between the interest income on our mortgage assets and our borrowing costs to finance our acquisition of those assets.

We classify our Agency MBS as either trading investments or available-for sale, or AFS, investments. Our management determines the appropriate classification of the securities at the time they are acquired and evaluates the appropriateness of such classifications at each balance sheet date. We currently classify our Agency MBS as available-for-sale. We had previously designated a portion of our Agency MBS as trading investments. All assets that are classified as available-for- sale are carried at fair value and unrealized gains or losses are generally included in “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss),” or AOCI, as a component of stockholders’ equity. For AFS Agency MBS that are in an unrealized loss position, we first assess whether we intend to sell, or if it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized basis. If we do not intend to sell or expect

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recovery of the amortized cost basis, we evaluate if the decline in fair value resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, we consider the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, adverse conditions specifically related to the security, and other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected for the security are compared to its amortized cost basis. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income. As the payments of principal and interest on the available-for-sale Agency MBS are guaranteed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, which are under the conservatorship of the U.S. government, there is currently zero loss expectation and no allowance for credit losses is currently recorded for these securities. Agency MBS classified as trading investments are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in our consolidated statements of operations.

The most significant source of our income is derived from our investments in Agency MBS. Interest income on Agency MBS is accrued based on the actual coupon rate and the outstanding principal amount of the underlying mortgages. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted into interest income over the estimated lives of the securities using the effective interest yield method, adjusted for the effects of actual and estimated prepayments based on ASC 320‑10. Our policy for estimating prepayment speeds for calculating the effective yield is to evaluate historical performance, street consensus prepayment speeds, and current market conditions. If our estimate of prepayments is materially incorrect as compared to the aforementioned references, we may be required to make an adjustment to the amortization or accretion of premiums and discounts that would have an impact on future income, which could be material and adverse.

The vast majority of our Non-Agency MBS had previously been accounted for under “Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Credit Deterioration” (ASC 310-30). Under CECL, debt securities previously accounted for as assets acquired with credit impairment (PCI) are treated as assets acquired with credit deterioration (PCD). Under ASC 326, PCD assets that are also available-for-sale debt securities follow the available-for-sale debt security impairment model. This compares the fair value of a security with its amortized cost. If the fair value of a security exceeds its amortized cost, there is no credit loss. If the fair value of a security is less than its amortized cost, then the security is impaired and further assessment needs to be done to determine if the decline in fair value is due to a credit loss or to other factors. The first step in this assessment process is for an entity to determine whether it had the intent to sell the security, or the ability to hold the security until the expected recovery of its amortized cost basis, or until maturity. If an entity did not have either the intent or the ability to hold the security until the expected recovery of the amortized cost basis, then the amortized cost basis is written down to the debt security’s fair value through earnings.

Upon the adoption of CECL at January 1, 2020, we reviewed those Non-Agency MBS that were in an unrealized loss position to determine if there was any credit loss. In our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, we stated the following: “On the Non-Agency MBS that were in an unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2019, we did not expect to sell these Non-Agency MBS at a price less than the amortized cost basis of our investments. Because the decline in market value on these Non-Agency MBS is attributable to changes in interest rate and not the credit quality of the Non-Agency MBS in our portfolio, and because we did not have the intent to sell these investments, nor is it more likely than not that we will be required to sell these investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity, we do not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired.” On January 1, 2020, when we adopted CECL, we reviewed our assessment of the Non-Agency MBS in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2019, and concluded that there was no credit loss on these securities. Our conclusion included a review of factors such as the ratings of these securities by rating agencies, the payment structure of these securities, whether the issuer has continued to make payments of principal and interest, and review of prepayment speeds, delinquency, and default rates.

At March 31, 2020, we changed the designation of our Non-Agency MBS from available-for-sale securities to trading securities. The reason for this change in designation was due to the negative effects on the economy resulting from the coronavirus pandemic and the high volatility in the market for Non-Agency MBS. Starting in the third week in March 2020, we began receiving requests from our repurchase agreement counterparties for margin calls, increases in the haircuts (the amount of coverage on the collateral securing the repurchase agreement financing), and higher interest

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rates. This all resulted from the perceived damage to the economy from the coronavirus pandemic. After the Federal Reserve stepped in and supported the Agency MBS market, the prices for Agency MBS stabilized. The Non-Agency MBS market was still volatile (with non-agency prices continuing to decline). We sold a substantial portion of our Non-Agency MBS in order to reduce leverage, maintain adequate liquidity, pay-down the balances on our repurchase agreement borrowings, and preserve over-collateralization for our repurchase agreement lenders. Due to the high volatility in the market for Non-Agency MBS, and the more restrictive terms by our repurchase agreement counterparties on these securities, we felt that we could no longer state that we had the intent and the ability to hold these securities until recovery of their amortized cost basis, or until maturity. Therefore, we changed the designation of these securities to trading securities as of March 31, 2020. Once an entity elects to classify a security as a trading security, it should be prepared to maintain that classification until the security is sold or matures.

Transfer of securities from available-for-sale to trading securities means that the unrealized gains and losses that were in accumulated other comprehensive income are reported through earnings as unrealized gains or losses as of the date of the change in designation. Trading securities are subsequently measured at fair value, with the changes in fair value reported in income in the period the change occurs.

Interest income on the Non-Agency MBS that were purchased at a discount to par value, and were rated below AA at the time of purchase, was previously recognized based on the security’s effective interest rate. The effective interest rate on these securities was based on the projected cash flows from each security, which was estimated based on our observation of current information and events, and include assumptions related to interest rates, prepayment rates, and the timing and amount of credit losses. On at least a quarterly basis, we reviewed and, if appropriate, made adjustments to our cash flow projections based on input and analysis received from external sources, internal models, and our judgment about interest rates, prepayment rates, the timing and amount of credit losses, and other factors. Changes in cash flows from those originally projected, or from those estimated at the last evaluation, resulted in a prospective change in the yield/interest income recognized on such securities. Actual maturities of these Non-Agency MBS was affected by the contractual lives of the associated mortgage collateral, periodic payments of principal, and prepayments of principal. Therefore, actual maturities of available-for-sale securities are generally shorter than stated contractual maturities. Stated contractual maturities are generally greater than ten years. At March 31, 2020, we designated our Non-Agency MBS as trading securities. On a prospective basis, interest income is recognized based on the actual coupon rate and the outstanding principal amount.

Securities transactions are recorded on the date the securities are purchased or sold. Realized gains or losses from securities transactions are determined based on the specific identified cost of the securities.

Residential Mortgage Loans Held-for-Securitization

Residential mortgage loans held-for-securitization are held at our wholly-owned subsidiary, Anworth Mortgage Loans, Inc., in connection with our intent to sponsor our own securitizations. Loans purchased with the intent to securitize are recorded on the trade date. Any fees associated with acquiring the loans held-for-securitization, as well as any premium paid to acquire the loans, are deferred. These are included in the loan balance and amortized using the effective interest yield method. Interest income is recorded as income when earned and deemed collectible or until a loan becomes more than 90 days past due, at which point the loan is placed on non-accrual status. When a non-accrual loan has been cured, meaning when all delinquent principal and interest have been remitted by the borrower, the loan is placed back on accrual status. Alternatively, nonaccrual loans may be placed back on accrual status after the loan is considered re-performing, generally when the loan has been current for 6 months. We have elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivables.

We establish an allowance for residential loan losses based on our estimate of credit losses. These estimates for the allowance for loan losses require consideration of various observable inputs including, but not limited to, historical loss experience, delinquency status, borrower credit scores, geographic concentrations and loan-to-value ratios, and are adjusted for current economic conditions as deemed necessary by our management. Many of these factors are subjective and cannot be reduced to a mathematical formula. In addition, since we have not incurred any significant direct losses on our portfolio, we review national historical credit performance information from external sources to assist in our analysis. Changes in our estimates can significantly impact the allowance for loan losses and provision expense. The

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allowance reflects management’s best estimate of the credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. It is also possible that we will experience credit losses that are different from our current estimates or that the timing of those losses may differ from our estimates.

The residential mortgage loans held-for-securitization are financed by a warehouse line of credit. The payment and performance of the obligations by Anworth Mortgage Loans under the warehouse line is guaranteed by Anworth Mortgage Asset Corporation. We may be required to remove a loan from a warehouse line of credit. We do not maintain a loan repurchase reserve, as any risk of loss due to loan repurchase would normally be covered by recourse to the companies from which we acquired the loans. Debt issuances costs incurred in connection with this line of credit (such as facility fees and legal costs) are deducted from the debt’s carrying amount and amortized ratably to interest expense over the term of the debt.

Residential Mortgage Loans Held-for-Investment Through Consolidated Securitization Trusts

Residential mortgage loans held-for-investment through consolidated securitization trusts are carried at unpaid principal balances net of any premiums or discounts and allowance for loan losses. We expect that we will be required to continue to consolidate the securitization trusts that hold the residential mortgage loans.

We establish an allowance for residential loan losses based on our estimate of credit losses. These estimates for the allowance for loan losses require consideration of various observable inputs including, but not limited to, historical loss experience, delinquency status, borrower credit scores, geographic concentrations and loan-to-value ratios, and are adjusted for current economic conditions as deemed necessary by our management. Many of these factors are subjective and cannot be reduced to a mathematical formula. In addition, since we have not incurred any significant direct losses on our portfolio, we review national historical credit performance information from external sources to assist in our analysis. Changes in our estimates can significantly impact the allowance for loan losses and provision expense. The allowance reflects management’s best estimate of the credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. It is also possible that we will experience credit losses that are different from our current estimates or that the timing of those losses may differ from our estimates. We have elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivables.

We recognize interest income from residential mortgage loans on an accrual basis. Any related premium or discount is amortized into interest income using the effective interest method over the estimated life of these loans. Coupon interest is recognized as revenue when earned and deemed collectable or until a loan becomes more than 90 days past due, at which point the loan is placed on non-accrual status. Interest previously accrued for loans that have been placed on non-accrual status is reversed against interest income in the period the loan is placed in non-accrual status. Residential loans delinquent more than 90 days or in foreclosure are characterized as delinquent. Cash principal and interest that are advanced from servicers after a loan becomes greater than 90 days past due are recorded as a liability due to the servicer. When a delinquent loan previously placed on non-accrual status has been cured, meaning when all delinquent principal and interest have been remitted by the borrower, the loan is placed back on accrual status. Alternatively, non-accrual loans may be placed back on accrual status after the loan is considered re-performing. A restructured loan is considered re-performing when the loan has been current for at least 6 months.

Residential Properties

Residential properties are stated at cost and consist of land, buildings, and improvements, including other costs incurred during their acquisition, possession, and renovation. Residential properties are recorded at their purchase price, including acquisition and renovation costs, all of which are allocated to land and building, based upon their relative fair values at the date of acquisition.

Building depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. We generally use a 27.5 year estimated life with no salvage value. We incur costs to prepare our acquired properties to be leased. These costs are capitalized and allocated to building costs. Costs related to the restoration, renovation, or improvement of our properties that improve and extend their useful lives are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Expenditures for ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred by us

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to lease the properties are capitalized and amortized over the life of the lease. Escrow deposits include refundable and non-refundable cash and earnest money on deposit with independent third parties for property purchases.

Repurchase Agreements

We finance the acquisition of MBS primarily through the use of repurchase agreements. Under these repurchase agreements, we sell securities to a lender and agree to repurchase the same securities in the future for a price that is higher than the original sales price. The difference between the sale price that we receive and the repurchase price that we pay represents interest paid to the lender. Although structured as a sale and repurchase obligation, a repurchase agreement operates as a financing under which we pledge our securities and accrued interest as collateral to secure a loan which is equal in value to a specified percentage of the estimated fair value of the pledged collateral. We retain beneficial ownership of the pledged collateral. Upon the maturity of a repurchase agreement, we are required to repay the loan and concurrently receive back our pledged collateral from the lender or, with the consent of the lender, we may renew such agreement at the then-prevailing financing rate. These repurchase agreements may require us to pledge additional assets to the lender in the event the estimated fair value of the existing pledged collateral declines.

Asset-Backed Securities Issued by Securitization Trusts

Asset-backed securities issued by the securitization trusts are recorded at principal balances net of unamortized premiums or discounts. This long-term debt is collateralized only by the assets held in the trusts and is otherwise non-recourse to the Company.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Risk Management

We primarily use short-term (less than or equal to 12 months) repurchase agreements to finance the purchase of MBS. These obligations expose us to variability in interest payments due to changes in interest rates. We continuously monitor changes in interest rate exposures and evaluate various opportunities to mitigate this risk. Our objective is to limit the impact of interest rate changes on our earnings and cash flows. The principal instruments we use to achieve this are interest rate swap agreements, or interest rate swaps, which effectively convert a percentage of our repurchase agreements to fixed-rate obligations over a period of up to ten years. Under interest rate swaps, we agree to pay an amount equal to a specified fixed rate of interest times a notional principal amount and we receive in return an amount equal to a specified variable-rate of interest times a notional amount, generally based on the London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR. The notional amounts are not exchanged. We do not issue or hold the interest rate swaps for speculative purposes.

We also enter into To-Be-Announced, or TBA, Agency MBS as either a means of investing in and financing Agency MBS or as a means of disposing of or reducing our exposure to agency securities. Pursuant to TBA contracts, we agree to purchase or sell for future delivery Agency MBS with certain principal and interest terms and certain types of collateral, but the particular Agency MBS to be delivered are not identified until shortly before the TBA settlement date. We also may choose, prior to settlement, to move the settlement of these MBS out to a later date by entering into an offsetting short or long position (referred to as a “pair off”), net settling the paired off positions for cash and simultaneously purchasing a similar TBA contract for a later settlement date. This transaction is commonly referred to as a “dollar roll.” The Agency MBS purchased or sold for a forward settlement date are typically priced at a discount to agency securities for settlement in the current month. This difference (or discount) is referred to as the “price drop.” The price drop represents compensation to us for foregoing net interest margin (interest income less repurchase agreement financing cost). TBA Agency MBS are accounted for as derivative instruments since they do not meet the exemption allowed for a “regular way” security trade under ASC 815, as either the TBA contracts do not settle in the shortest period of time possible or we cannot assess that it is probable at inception that we will take physical delivery of the security or that we will not settle on a net basis.

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Accounting for Derivative and Hedging Activities

We account for derivative instruments in accordance with ASC 815, which requires recognition of all derivatives as either assets or liabilities and measurement of those instruments at fair value, which is typically based on values obtained from large financial institutions who are market makers for these types of instruments. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivative instruments depends on whether the instruments are designated and qualify as hedges in accordance with ASC 815. Changes in fair value related to derivatives not designated as hedges are recorded in our consolidated statements of operations as “(Loss) on derivatives, net” and specifically identified as either relating to interest rate swaps or TBA Agency MBS. For a derivative to qualify for hedge accounting, we must anticipate that the hedge will be highly “effective,” as defined by ASC 815‑10. A hedge of the variability of cash flows that are to be received or paid in connection with a recognized asset or liability is known as a “cash flow” hedge. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is highly effective and that is designated as a cash flow hedge, to the extent the hedge is effective, are recorded in AOCI and reclassified to income when the forecasted transaction affects income (e.g. when periodic settlement interest payments are due on repurchase agreements). Hedge ineffectiveness, if any, is recorded in current period income. Fair value hedges protect against exposures to changes in the fair value of a recognized asset. ASC 815 requires companies to recognize in income, in the period that the changes in fair value occur, any gains or losses from any ineffectiveness in the hedging relationship.

When we discontinue hedge accounting, the gain or loss on the derivative remains in AOCI and is reclassified into income when the forecasted transaction affects income. In all situations where hedge accounting is discontinued and the derivative remains outstanding, we carry the derivative at its fair value on our consolidated balance sheets, recognizing changes in fair value in current period income. All of our interest rate swaps had historically been accounted for as cash flow hedges under ASC 815. After August 22, 2014, none of our interest rate swaps were designated for hedge accounting. As a result of discontinuing hedge accounting for our interest rate swaps, changes in the fair value of these interest rate swaps are recorded in “(Loss) on derivatives, net” in our consolidated statements of operations rather than in AOCI. Also, net interest paid or received on these interest rate swaps, which was previously recognized in interest expense, is instead recognized in “(Loss) on derivatives, net.” These continue to be reported as assets or liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets at their fair value.

As long as the forecasted transactions that were being hedged (i.e. rollovers of our repurchase agreement borrowings) are still expected to occur, the balance in AOCI from the activity in these interest rate swaps through the dates of de-designation will remain in AOCI and be recognized in our consolidated statements of operations as “interest expense” over the remaining term of these interest rate swaps.

For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash flows hedges were classified with the cash flows from the hedged item. Cash flows from derivatives that are not hedges are classified according to the underlying nature or purpose of the derivative transaction.

For more details on the amounts and other qualitative information on all our derivative transactions, see Note 15, “Derivative Instruments,” to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements. For more information on the fair value of our derivative instruments, see Note 9, “Fair Values of Financial Instruments,” to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Credit Risk

As of March 31, 2020, we had attempted to limit our exposure to credit losses on our Agency MBS by purchasing securities primarily through Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The payment of principal and interest on MBS issued by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae MBS are guaranteed by those respective enterprises. In September 2008, both Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae were placed in the conservatorship of the U.S. government. While it is the intent that the conservatorship will help stabilize Freddie Mac’s and Fannie Mae’s overall financial position, there can be no assurance that it will succeed or that, if necessary, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae will be able to satisfy their guarantees of Agency MBS. There have also been concerns as to what the U.S. government will do regarding winding-down the operations of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. There have also been concerns over the past several years regarding the credit standing of Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, and U.S. sovereign debt. We do not know what effect any future ratings of Freddie Mac,

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Fannie Mae, and U.S. sovereign debt may ultimately have on the U.S. economy, the value of our securities, or the ability of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae to satisfy its guarantees of Agency MBS, if necessary.

Our adjustable-rate MBS are subject to periodic and lifetime interest rate caps. Periodic caps can limit the amount an interest rate can increase during any given period. Some adjustable-rate MBS that are subject to periodic payment caps may result in a portion of the interest being deferred and added to the principal outstanding.

We also invest in Non-Agency MBS, which are securities that are secured by pools of residential mortgages that are not issued by government-sponsored enterprises and are not guaranteed by any agency of the U.S. government or any federally chartered corporation. As we carry these securities at fair value, there is no allowance for credit losses. However, credit losses on the underlying collateral could affect the payments we receive and the accrual of income.

We also own residential mortgage loans held-for-investment through consolidated securitization trusts. As the majority of these loans (the senior tranches of the securitization trusts) are collateral for the asset-backed securities issued by the trusts, our potential credit risk is on the subordinated tranches that we own, as these tranches would be the first ones to absorb any losses resulting from defaults by the borrowers on the underlying mortgage loans. See the section below entitled “Credit Risk Related to Residential Mortgage Loans Held-for-Securitization” for many of the reasons why credit losses on real estate loans can occur.

For all interest rate swaps entered into on or after September 9, 2013, all swap participants are required by rules of the Commodities Futures Trading Commission under the authority granted to it pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the Dodd-Frank Act, to clear interest rate swaps through a registered derivatives clearing organization, or “swap execution facility,” through standardized documents under which each swap counterparty transfers its position to another entity, whereby a central clearinghouse effectively becomes the counterparty on each side of the swap. It is the intent of the Dodd-Frank Act that the clearing of interest rate swaps in this manner is designed to avoid concentration of risk in any single entity by spreading and centralizing the risk in the clearinghouse and its members.

Credit Risk Related to Residential Mortgage Loans Held-for-Securitization

Our strategy of acquiring, accumulating, and securitizing residential mortgage loans involves credit risk. We bear the risk of loss on these loans while they are being financed through warehouse lines of credit. These loans are secured by real property. Credit losses on real estate loans can occur for many reasons, including poor origination practices; fraud; poor underwriting; poor servicing practices; weak economic conditions; increases in payments required to be made by the borrowers; declines in the value of real estate; natural disasters (such as fires or earthquake), severe weather (such as flooding, hurricanes, drought, and tornadoes) and other acts of God, including global pandemics, such as the Coronavirus; uninsured property loss; over-leveraging of the borrower; costs of remediation of environmental conditions; acts of war or terrorism; changes in legal protections for lenders and other changes in law or regulation (including lending disclosures and privacy); and personal events affecting borrowers, such as reduction in income, changes in employment status (such as job loss), divorce, or health problems. Additionally, actions or orders from federal and state governments and their agencies could require lenders to offer forbearance agreements, or prevent or delay foreclosures, which could eventually lead to credit losses. In addition, if the U.S. economy or the housing market were to weaken (and that weakening was in excess of what we anticipated), credit losses could increase beyond levels that we have anticipated. In the event of a default on any of our loans, we would bear the loss equal to the difference between the realizable value of the mortgaged property, after expenses, and the outstanding indebtedness, as well as the loss of interest.

Income Taxes

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT and to comply with the provisions of the Code with respect thereto. Accordingly, we will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent that our distributions to our stockholders satisfy the REIT requirements and that certain asset, income, and stock ownership tests are met.

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We have no unrecognized tax benefits and do not anticipate any increase in unrecognized benefits during 2020 relative to any tax positions taken prior to January 1, 2020. Should the accrual of any interest or penalties relative to unrecognized tax benefits be necessary, it is our policy to record such accruals in our income taxes accounts; however, no such accruals existed at March 31, 2020. We file REIT U.S. federal and California income tax returns. These returns are generally open to examination by the IRS and the California Franchise Tax Board for all years after 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock

We classify our Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, or Series B Preferred Stock, on our consolidated balance sheets using the guidance in ASC 480‑10‑S99. Our Series B Preferred Stock contains certain fundamental change provisions that allow the holder to redeem the preferred stock for cash only if certain events occur, such as a change in control. As redemption under these circumstances is not solely within our control, we have classified our Series B Preferred Stock as temporary equity.

We have analyzed whether the conversion features in our Series B Preferred Stock should be bifurcated under the guidance in ASC 815‑10 and have determined that bifurcation is not necessary.

Stock-Based Expense

In accordance with ASC 718‑10, any expense relating to share-based payment transactions is recognized in the unaudited consolidated financial statements. Restricted stock is expensed over the vesting period (see Note 14, “Equity Compensation Plan,” to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements for more information).

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share, or EPS, is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS assumes the conversion, exercise, or issuance of all potential common stock equivalents (which includes stock options and convertible preferred stock) and the adding back of the Series B Preferred Stock dividends, unless the effect is to reduce a loss or increase the income per share.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

In accordance with ASC 220‑10‑55‑2, total comprehensive income is comprised of net income or net loss and other comprehensive income, which includes unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities classified as available-for-sale, and unrealized gains and losses on derivative financial instruments. In accordance with ASU 2013‑02, we have identified, in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income, items that are reclassified and included in our consolidated statements of operations.

RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

On January 1, 2020, we adopted ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” This ASU is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities. In addition, this ASU made changes to the accounting for available-for-sale debt securities and financial assets purchased with credit deterioration.  This ASU requires entities to record the full amount of credit losses that are expected in their portfolios (known as the Current Expected Loss Methodology, or CECL) and to re-evaluate at each reporting period. The income statement will reflect the credit loss provision (or expense) necessary to adjust the allowance estimate since the previous reporting date. The expected credit loss estimate should consider available information relevant to assessing the collectability of contractual cash flows, including information about past events (i.e., historical loss experience), current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount.

18

For our available-for-sale Agency MBS, we adopted this ASU using the prospective transition approach. The amortized cost basis of these assets was not adjusted. We believe that there is currently zero loss expectation on these assets, as the principal and interest on these securities are guaranteed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and these agencies are still under the conservatorship of the U.S. government.

Our Non-Agency MBS were formally treated as assets purchased with credit impairment (PCI) and accounted for under ASC 310-30. We elected to treat these assets upon adoption as financial assets purchased with credit deterioration (PCD) and adopted this ASC using the prospective transition approach. These assets were reviewed at January 1, 2020 and we concluded that there was no credit loss at that time.

For our loans held-for-investment through consolidated securitization trusts, we adopted this ASU using the prospective transition approach. The amortized cost basis of these assets was not adjusted. The allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2019 of $175,000 is the same amount in effect at January 1, 2020.

For our loans held-for-securitization, we adopted this ASU using the modified retrospective approach. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2020 are presented under ASC 326, while prior period amounts were reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. We recorded a decrease to retained earnings/accumulated deficit of $30,000 as of January 1, 2020 for the cumulative effect of adopting ASC 326.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) – Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” The following disclosure requirements were removed: (1) the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy; (2) the policy for timing of transfers between levels; and (3) the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. The following disclosure requirement was modified: the amendments clarify that the measurement uncertainty disclosure is to communicate information about the uncertainty in measurement as of the reporting date. The following disclosure requirements were added: (i) the changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period; and (ii) the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. For certain unobservable inputs, an entity may disclose other quantitative information in lieu of the weighted average if the entity determines that the other quantitative information would be a more reasonable and rational method to reflect the distribution of unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. This ASU became effective for all entities beginning with the quarter ended March 31, 2020. Upon adoption at January 1, 2020, this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

The FASB recently issued ASU 2020-04, “.” The ASU provides temporary optional guidance intended to ease the burden of reference rate reform on financial reporting. The ASU applies to all entities that have contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or another reference rate that is expected to be discontinued. The ASU was effective upon its issuance on March 12, 2020. However, it cannot be applied to contract modifications that occur after December 31, 2022. With certain exceptions, the ASU also cannot be applied to hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after that date. The guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying existing guidance to contract modifications, hedging relationships and other transactions that are expected to be affected by reference rate reform and meet certain scope guidance. For example, if a debt instrument that references LIBOR is modified to refer to a different reference rate, an entity could elect to account for that modification prospectively by adjusting the effective interest rate. In the United States, the Alternative Refinance Rates Committee has already selected the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR, an overnight secured U.S. Treasury repurchase agreement rate, as the new rate. There have been indications that many lenders will making spread adjustments to minimize the difference between the SOFR rate and the LIBOR rate. We do not believe that, at the present time, this ASU will have a material impact on our financial statements.

19

NOTE 2. RESTRICTED CASH

This includes cash pledged or held as collateral for interest rate swaps and TBA Agency MBS margin calls. The following table represents the Company’s restricted cash balances at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
		(in thousands)
Restricted cash - interest rate swaps and TBA Agency MBS margin calls	$	152,453	$	104,699

NOTE 3. MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES

On March 31, 2020, we designated our Non-Agency MBS as trading securities and they are carried at fair value. See the section about Non-Agency MBS under the caption of MBS in the Significant Accounting Policies section in Note 1.

The following tables summarize our Agency MBS and Non-Agency MBS at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, which are carried at their fair value:

March 31, 2020

					Total		Non-Agency		Total
By Agency	Freddie Mac		Fannie Mae		Agency MBS		MBS		MBS
	(in thousands)
Amortized cost/carrying value	$	786,583	$	1,533,055	$	2,319,638	$	281,686	$	2,601,324
Paydowns receivable(1)		7,545		—		7,545		—		7,545
Unrealized gains		30,701		43,149		73,850		—		73,850
Unrealized losses		(294)		(479)		(773)		—		(773)
Fair value	$	824,535	$	1,575,725	$	2,400,260	$	281,686	$	2,681,946

					15-Year		20-Year		30-Year		Total		Non-Agency		Total
By Security Type	ARMs		Hybrids		Fixed-Rate		Fixed-Rate		Fixed-Rate		Agency MBS		MBS		MBS
		(in thousands)
Amortized cost/carrying value	$	415,332	$	281,396	$	43,910	$	185,095	$	1,393,905	$	2,319,638	$	281,686	$	2,601,324
Paydowns receivable(1)		6,111		1,434		—		—		—		7,545		—		7,545
Unrealized gains		3,654		2,883		1,624		6,324		59,365		73,850		—		73,850
Unrealized losses		(621)		(152)		—		—		—		(773)		—		(773)
Fair value	$	424,476	$	285,561	$	45,534	$	191,419	$	1,453,270	$	2,400,260	$	281,686	$	2,681,946

(1) Paydowns receivable on Agency MBS are generated when the Company receives notice from Freddie Mac of prepayments but does not receive the actual cash with respect to such prepayments until the 15th day of the following month.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we sold approximately $1.0 billion of Agency MBS, including Agency MBS trading securities, and realized gross and net gains of approximately $9.7 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we sold approximately $903.8 million of AFS Agency MBS and realized a gross gain of approximately $2.6 million and gross losses of approximately $8.8 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we sold approximately $0.2 billion of AFS Non-Agency MBS and realized a gross and net loss of approximately $55.4 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, AFS Non-Agency MBS of approximately $20 million were called and we realized a gross gain of approximately $22 thousand.

20

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we had unrealized losses on Agency MBS trading investments of approximately $1.1 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we had unrealized gains on trading investments of approximately $14.9 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we had unrealized losses on Non-Agency MBS trading investments of approximately $60 million. At March 31, 2019, our Non-Agency MBS were designated as available-for-sale securities, and at March 31, 2020, they were designated as trading securities. At March 31, 2020, the balance on unrealized loss on Trading Agency MBS was zero. At March 31, 2020, we changed the designation of our Non-Agency MBS from available-for-sale to trading securities. Unrealized changes in the fair value of these securities are recorded in earnings. At December 31, 2019, we had an unrealized gain in other comprehensive income of approximately $30 million. This was reclassified out of other comprehensive income at March 31, 2020 and the balance of approximately $60 million of the unrealized loss at that time on these securities was recognized through earnings.

December 31, 2019

					Total		Non-Agency		Total
By Agency	Freddie Mac		Fannie Mae		Agency MBS(1)		MBS		MBS
	(in thousands)
Amortized cost	$	864,452	$	2,590,775	$	3,455,227	$	613,576	$	4,068,803
Paydowns receivable(2)		9,727		—		9,727		—		9,727
Unrealized gains		19,487		27,256		46,743		34,188		80,931
Unrealized losses		(699)		(947)		(1,646)		(4,154)		(5,800)
Fair value	$	892,967	$	2,617,084	$	3,510,051	$	643,610	$	4,153,661

											Total
					15-Year		20-Year		30-Year		Agency		Non-Agency		Total
By Security Type	ARMs		Hybrids		Fixed-Rate(1)		Fixed-Rate		Fixed-Rate		MBS		MBS		MBS
		(in thousands)
Amortized cost	$	473,935	$	296,890	$	47,248	$	193,303	$	2,443,851	$	3,455,227	$	613,576	$	4,068,803
Paydowns receivable(2)		8,328		1,399		—		—		—		9,727		—		9,727
Unrealized gains		10,279		202		978		1,274		34,010		46,743		34,188		80,931
Unrealized losses		(69)		(1,496)		—		—		(81)		(1,646)		(4,154)		(5,800)
Fair value	$	492,473	$	296,995	$	48,226	$	194,577	$	2,477,780	$	3,510,051	$	643,610	$	4,153,661

(1) Included in the 15-year fixed-rate MBS are Trading Agency MBS. These have an amortized cost of $655.8 million, an unrealized gain of $1.1 million, and a fair value of $656.9 million.

(2) Paydowns receivable on Agency MBS are generated when the Company receives notice from Freddie Mac of prepayments but does not receive the actual cash with respect to such prepayments until the 15th day of the following month.

The following tables show the gross unrealized losses and fair value of those individual securities in our MBS portfolio that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, aggregated by investment category and length of time:

March 31, 2020

Less Than 12 Months

12 Months or More

Total

Description

Number

Number

Number

of

of

Fair

Unrealized

of

Fair

Unrealized

of

Fair

Unrealized

Securities

Securities

Value

Losses

Securities

Value

Losses

Securities

Value

Losses

(in thousands)

(in thousands)

(in thousands)

Agency MBS

54

$

102,580

$

(582)

19

$

28,061

$

(191)

73

$

130,641

$

(773)

21

December 31, 2019

	Less Than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total
Description	Number					Number					Number
of	of	Fair		Unrealized		of	Fair		Unrealized		of	Fair		Unrealized
Securities	Securities	Value		Losses		Securities	Value		Losses		Securities	Value		Losses
			(in thousands)					(in thousands)					(in thousands)
Agency MBS	10	$	270,737	$	(419)	38	$	168,095	$	(1,227)	48	$	438,832	$	(1,646)
Non-Agency MBS	18	$	49,281	$	(1,507)	12	$	75,926	$	(2,647)	30	$	125,207	$	(4,154)

We do not consider those available-for-sale Agency MBS, or AFS MBS, that have been in a continuous loss position for 12 months or more to be other-than-temporarily impaired. The unrealized losses on our investments in AFS MBS were caused by fluctuations in interest rates. We purchased the AFS MBS primarily at a premium relative to their face value and the contractual cash flows of those investments are guaranteed by the GSEs. Since September 2008, the GSEs have been in the conservatorship of the U.S. government. At March 31, 2020, we did not expect to sell the AFS MBS at a price less than the amortized cost basis of our investments. The decline in market value of the AFS MBS was attributable to changes in interest rates and not the credit quality of the AFS MBS in our portfolio. We did not have the intent to sell these investments, nor is it more likely than not that we will be required to sell these investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. The payments of principal and interest on these securities are guaranteed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which are under the conservatorship of the U.S. government. Accordingly, there is currently zero loss expectation on these securities, and no allowance for credit loss has been recorded.

Upon the adoption of CECL on January 1, 2020, we determined that the unrealized losses on our investments in Non-Agency MBS were primarily caused by fluctuations in interest rates. We purchased the Non-Agency MBS primarily at a discount relative to their face value. At March 31, 2020, we designated these securities as trading securities. See the section on Non-Agency MBS under the caption, “Mortgage-Backed Securities,” in Significant Accounting Policies in Note 1.

NOTE 4. RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGE LOANS HELD-FOR-SECURITIZATION

At March 31, 2020, we owned approximately $141.6 million of residential mortgage loans. To date, all of the loans have been acquired during 2019. At December 31, 2019, we owned approximately $152.9 million of residential mortgage loans.

The following table details the carrying value for residential mortgage loans held-for-securitization at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	��
		March 31,		December 31,
		2020		2019
			(in thousands)
Principal balance		$	137,911	$	148,908
Unamortized premium and deferred transaction costs			3,790		4,014
Allowance for credit losses			(56)		—
Carrying value		$	141,645	$	152,922

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The following table provides a reconciliation of the carrying value of residential mortgage loans held-for-securitization at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	152,922	$	11,660
Loan acquisitions		—		168,850
Premium and deferred transaction costs on new loans		—		3,702
Deductions during period:
Collections of principal		(10,049)		(30,992)
Amortization of premium and costs		(417)		(298)
Allowance for credit losses		(56)		—
Other		(755)		—
Balance at end of period	$	141,645	$	152,922

The following table details various portfolio characteristics of residential mortgage loans held-for-securitization at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	March 31,			December 31,
	2020			2019
	(dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Characteristics:
12-months bank statements		15			17
24-months bank statements		51			56
Alt documentation		87			97
Full documentation		13			15
Written Verification of Employment		113			115
Number of loans outstanding		279			300
Current principal balance	$	137,911		$	148,908
Simple Average loan balance	$	494		$	496
Net weighted average coupon rate		5.41	%		5.40	%
Weighted average FICO score		742			744
Weighted average LTV (loan-to-value)		70			70
Weighted average DTI (debt-to-income)		39			38
Performance:
Current	$	135,385		$	146,999
30-days delinquent		2,115			1,909
60-days delinquent		411			—
90-day delinquent		—			—
Bankruptcy/foreclosure		—			—
Total	$	137,911		$	148,908

The following table summarizes the geographic concentrations of residential mortgage loans held-for-securitization at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, based on principal balance outstanding:

	March 31,		December 31,
State	2020		2019
California	73	%	74	%
Florida	7		7
New York	6		6
Other states (none greater than 5%)	14		13
Total	100	%	100	%

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The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020:

	Three Months
	Ended
	March 31,
	2020
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	—
Impact of adopting ASC-326		30
Provision for loan losses		26
Charge-offs, net		—
Balance at end of period	$	56

NOTE 5. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

As discussed in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” we have determined that we are the primary beneficiary of certain securitization trusts. The following table presents a summary of the assets and liabilities of our consolidated securitization trusts as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Residential mortgage loans held-for-investment through consolidated securitization trusts	$	416,571	$	458,348
Accrued interest receivable		1,337		1,495
Total assets	$	417,908	$	459,843
Accrued interest payable	$	1,291	$	1,448
Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts		407,243		448,987
Total liabilities	$	408,534	$	450,435

Our risk with respect to each investment in a securitization trust is limited to our direct ownership in the securitization trust. We own the most subordinated classes on all of the trusts. The residential mortgage loans held by the consolidated securitization trusts are held solely to satisfy the liabilities of the securitization trusts, and the investors in the securitization trusts have no recourse to the general credit of the Company for the ABS issued by the securitization trusts. The assets of a consolidated securitization trust can only be used to satisfy the obligations of that trust. ABS are not paid down according to any schedule, but rather as payments are made on the underlying mortgages. The final distribution dates for the three trusts are all at various dates in 2045. We are not contractually required and have not provided any additional financial support to the securitization trusts for the period ended March 31, 2020.

Residential Mortgage Loans Held-for-Investment Through Consolidated Securitization Trusts

Residential mortgage loans held-for-investment through consolidated securitization trusts are carried at unpaid principal balances net of any premiums or discounts and allowances for loan losses. The residential mortgage loans are secured by first liens on the underlying residential properties. As we still retain the most subordinated tranches in these trusts, we continue to be the primary beneficiary of these trusts and believe that we are still required to consolidate these trusts. All of the loans in these trusts were originated during 2015. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we did not sell any of our investment in these trusts. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we did not sell any of our investment in these trusts.

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The following table details the carrying value for residential mortgage loans held-for-investment through consolidated securitization trusts at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Principal balance	$	415,320	$	456,768
Unamortized premium and costs		1,418		1,755
Allowance for loan losses		(167)		(175)
Carrying value	$	416,571	$	458,348

The following table provides a reconciliation of the carrying value of residential mortgage loans held-for-investment through consolidated securitization trusts at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	458,348	$	549,016
Deductions during period:
Collections of principal		(41,448)		(89,113)
Principal paydowns and other deductions		(337)		(1,566)
Provision for credit losses		(30)		—
Charge-offs, net		38		11
Balance at end of period	$	416,571	$	458,348

The following table details various portfolio characteristics of the residential mortgage loans held-for-investment through consolidated securitization trusts at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	March 31,			December 31,
	2020			2019
	(dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Characteristics:
Number of loans		659			704
Current principal balance	$	415,320		$	456,768
Average loan balance	$	630		$	649
Net weighted average coupon rate		3.86	%		3.87	%
Weighted average maturity (years)		24.1			24.3
Weighted average FICO score		761			762
Current Performance:
Current	$	410,959		$	452,875
30 days delinquent		2,439			2,122
60 days delinquent		605			726
90+ days delinquent		1,317			1,045
Bankruptcy/foreclosure		—			—
Total	$	415,320		$	456,768

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The following table summarizes the geographic concentrations of residential mortgage loans held-for-investment through consolidated securitization trusts at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, based on principal balance outstanding:

	March 31,		December 31,
State	2020		2019
California	43	%	43	%
Florida	7		7
Texas	6		—
Other states (none greater than 5%)	44		50
Total	100	%	100	%

Allowance for Loan Losses on Residential Mortgage Loans Held by Consolidated Securitization Trusts

As discussed in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” the Company establishes and maintains an allowance for loan losses on residential mortgage loans held by consolidated securitization trusts based on the Company’s estimate of credit losses.

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 and for the year ended December 31, 2019:

	Three Months		Three Months			Year
	Ended		Ended			Ended
	March 31,		March 31,				December 31,
	2020		2019		��	2019
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	175	$	186		$	186
Impact of adopting ASC 326		—		—			—
Provision for credit losses		30		—			—
Charge-offs, net		(38)		(11)			(11)
Balance at end of period	$	167	$	175		$	175

Asset-Backed Securities Issued by Securitization Trusts

Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts are recorded at principal balances net of unamortized premiums and discounts. Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts are issued in various tranches and had a principal balance of $407.2 million at March 31, 2020 and $449.0 million at December 31, 2019. The investors in the asset-backed securities are not affiliated with the Company and have no recourse to the general credit of the Company.

NOTE 6. RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES

At March 31, 2020, we owned 84 single-family residential properties, which are all located in Southeastern Florida, and are carried at a total cost, net of accumulated depreciation, of approximately $13.3 million. At December 31, 2019, we owned 85 properties at a net cost of approximately $13.5 million. The income from these properties is included in our consolidated statements of operations as “Income on rental properties.” The expenses on these properties are included in our consolidated statements of operations in “Rental properties depreciation and expenses.” During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we sold one property and realized a gain of approximately $78 thousand.

NOTE 7. SHORT-TERM DEBT

We have entered into repurchase agreements and a warehouse line of credit with a large financial institution. The repurchase agreements that we use to finance most of our MBS are short-term borrowings that are secured by the market value of our MBS and bear fixed interest rates that have historically been based upon LIBOR. Warehouse lines of credit are short-term borrowings (generally less than 1 year) that are used to finance the residential mortgage loans that are

26

held-for-securitization. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had borrowed $116.2 million and $133.8 million, respectively, against the warehouse line of credit. The residential mortgage loans held-for-securitization are held as collateral for the warehouse line of credit. Due to the negative impact on the Company’s financial condition from the coronavirus pandemic and, in particular, our reduced Stockholders’ Equity value, at March 31, 2020, the Company was not in compliance with the financial covenants on its loan warehouse line of credit agreement. We have been engaged in discussions with our lender on potential modifications to these covenants and we currently expect that the covenants will be modified appropriately and we will be in compliance at that time relative to the Company’s current level of Stockholders’ Equity. As of May 8, 2020 we have not received a notice of default from the lender. 

Repurchase Agreements

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the repurchase agreements had the following balances, weighted average interest rates, and remaining weighted average maturities:

March 31, 2020

	Agency MBS				Non-Agency MBS				Total MBS
			Weighted				Weighted					Weighted
			Average				Average					Average
			Interest				Interest					Interest
	Balance		Rate		Balance		Rate		Balance			Rate
		(in thousands)				(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Overnight	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	—		—	%
Less than 30 days		1,034,259	1.76			242,869	2.47			1,277,128		1.90
30 days to 90 days		1,168,965	1.76			27,041	4.15			1,196,006		1.81
Over 90 days		—	—			—	—			—		—
Demand		—	—			—	—			—		—
	$	2,203,224	1.76	%	$	269,910	2.64	%	$	2,473,134		1.86	%
Weighted average maturity		30 days				16 days				29 days
Weighted average interest rate after adjusting for interest rate swaps										2.15	%
Weighted average maturity after adjusting for interest rate swaps										859 days
MBS pledged as collateral under the repurchase agreements and interest rate swaps	$	2,319,446			$	277,960			$	2,597,406

27

December 31, 2019

	Agency MBS				Non-Agency MBS				Total MBS
			Weighted				Weighted					Weighted
			Average				Average					Average
			Interest				Interest					Interest
	Balance		Rate		Balance		Rate		Balance			Rate
		(in thousands)				(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Overnight	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	—		—	%
Less than 30 days		1,680,000	2.04			427,873	2.80			2,107,873		2.20
30 days to 90 days		1,550,000	1.89			—	—			1,550,000		1.89
Over 90 days		—	—			—	—			—		—
Demand		—	—			—	—			—		—
	$	3,230,000	1.97	%	$	427,873	2.80	%	$	3,657,873		2.07	%
Weighted average maturity		30 days				11 days				28 days
Weighted average interest rate after adjusting for interest rate swaps										2.13	%
Weighted average maturity after adjusting for interest rate swaps										978 days
MBS pledged as collateral under the repurchase agreements and interest rate swaps	$	3,419,375			$	535,315			$	3,954,690

For additional information on repurchase agreements, see the section in Note 1 entitled “Repurchase Agreements.”

The following tables present information about certain assets and liabilities that are subject to master netting arrangements (or similar agreements) only in the event of default on a contract at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (see Notes 1, 9, and 15 to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements for more information on the Company’s interest rate swaps and other derivative instruments):

March 31, 2020

					Net Amounts of
					Assets		Gross Amounts Not Offset
	Gross Amounts				or Liabilities		in the Balance Sheets(1)
	of Recognized		Gross Amounts		Presented in				Cash
	Assets or		Offset in the		the Balance		Financial		Collateral		Net
	Liabilities		Balance Sheets		Sheets		Instruments		Received		Amounts
		(in thousands)
Derivative assets at fair value(2)	$	3,094	$	—	$	3,094	$	(3,094)	$	6,633	$	3,539
Total	$	3,094	$	—	$	3,094	$	(3,094)	$	6,633	$	3,539
Repurchase agreements(3)	$	2,473,134	$	—	$	2,473,134	$	(2,473,134)	$	—	$	—
Warehouse line of credit		116,221		—		116,221		(116,221)		—		—
Derivative liabilities at fair value(2)		102,802		—		102,802		(102,802)		—		—
Total	$	2,692,157	$	—	$	2,692,157	$	(2,692,157)	$	—	$	—

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December 31, 2019

					Net Amounts of
					Assets		Gross Amounts Not Offset
	Gross Amounts				or Liabilities		in the Balance Sheets(1)
	of Recognized		Gross Amounts		Presented in				Cash
	Assets or		Offset in the		the Balance		Financial		Collateral		Net
	Liabilities		Balance Sheets		Sheets		Instruments		Received		Amounts
	(in thousands)
Derivative assets at fair value(2)	$	5,833	$	—	$	5,833	$	(5,833)	$	367	$	(5,466)
Total	$	5,833	$	—	$	5,833	$	(5,833)	$	367	$	(5,466)
Repurchase agreements(3)	$	3,657,873	$	—	$	3,657,873	$	(3,657,873)	$	—	$	—
Warehouse line of credit		133,811		—		133,811		(133,811)		—		—
Derivative liabilities at fair value(2)		52,197		—		52,197		(52,197)		—		—
Total	$	3,843,881	$	—	$	3,843,881	$	(3,843,881)	$	—	$	—

(1) Amounts presented are limited to collateral pledged sufficient to reduce the related net amount to zero in accordance with ASU No. 2011‑11, as amended by ASU No. 2013‑01.

(2) At March 31, 2020, we had paid approximately $152.5 million on swap and TBA Agency MBS margin calls (included in “Restricted cash”) and we had received cash from counterparties of approximately $6.6 million, which is shown in “Derivative counterparty margin” on our consolidated balance sheets. Our TBA Agency MBS derivatives were approximately $3.1 million in derivative assets at March 31, 2020. Our swap derivatives were approximately $102.8 million in derivative liabilities at March 31, 2020. At December 31, 2019, we had paid approximately $104.7 million on swap and TBA Agency MBS margin calls (included in “Restricted cash”) and we had received cash from counterparties of approximately $367 thousand, which is shown as “Derivative counterparty margin” on our consolidated balance sheets. Our swap derivatives were approximately $5.3 million in derivative assets and approximately $52.2 million in derivative liabilities at December 31, 2019.

(3) At March 31, 2020, we had pledged approximately $2.32 billion in Agency MBS and approximately $278 million in Non-Agency MBS as collateral on our repurchase agreements. At December 31, 2019, we had pledged approximately $3.42 billion in Agency MBS and approximately $535 million in Non-Agency MBS as collateral on our repurchase agreements.

NOTE 8. JUNIOR SUBORDINATED NOTES

On March 15, 2005, we issued $37,380,000 of junior subordinated notes to a newly-formed statutory trust, Anworth Capital Trust I, organized by us under Delaware law. The trust issued $36,250,000 in trust preferred securities to unrelated third party investors. Both the notes and the trust preferred securities require quarterly payments and bear interest at the prevailing three-month LIBOR rate plus 3.10%, reset quarterly. The first interest payments were made on June 30, 2005. Both the notes and the trust preferred securities will mature in 2035 and are currently redeemable, at our option, in whole or in part, without penalty. We used the net proceeds of this private placement to invest in Agency MBS. We have reviewed the structure of the transaction under ASC 810‑10 and concluded that Anworth Capital Trust I does not meet the requirements for consolidation. As of the date of this filing, we have not redeemed any of the notes or trust preferred securities.

NOTE 9. FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

As defined in ASC 820‑10, fair value is the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer or settle a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal (or most advantageous) market for the asset or liability. ASC 820‑10 establishes a fair value hierarchy that ranks the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic has caused much volatility in the prices for financial instruments. The concept of fair value measurement assumes an orderly transaction between market participants, which is where both participants are willing to transact and allow for adequate exposure to the market. The determination of fair value requires significant judgment. The information provided below as to how we obtained our fair values and the procedures we used should be read in this context.

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Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the three following categories:

Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Observable market based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data. This includes those financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies where substantially all of the assumptions are observable in the marketplace, can be derived from observable market data or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. The valuation techniques, including the judgments or assumptions that are used by us in arriving at the fair value of our MBS and derivative instruments, are as follows:

The fair values for Agency MBS and TBA Agency MBS are based primarily on independent third-party pricing service quotes, which are deemed indicative of market activity. The third-party pricing services use commonly used market pricing methodology that generally incorporate such factors as coupons, primary and secondary mortgage rates, rate reset period, issuer, loan age, collateral type, periodic and life cap, geography, and prepayment speeds. We evaluate the pricing information we receive taking into account factors such as coupon, prepayment experience, fixed-rate/adjustable rate, coupon index, time to reset, and issuing agency, among other factors. Based on these factors and our market knowledge and expertise, bond prices are compared to prices of similar securities and our own observations of trading activity in the marketplace.

The fair values for Non-Agency MBS are based primarily on prices from independent well-known major financial brokers that make markets in these instruments and pricing from independent pricing services. We understand that these market participants use pricing models that not only consider the characteristics of the type of security and its underlying collateral from observable market data but also consider the historical performance data of the underlying collateral of the security, including loan delinquency, loan losses, and credit enhancement. To validate the prices the Company obtains, we consider and review a number of observable market data points including trading activity in the marketplace, and current market intelligence on all major markets, including benchmark security evaluations and bid list results from various sources. We compare the prices received from brokers against the prices received from pricing services and vice-versa and also against our own internal models for reasonableness and make inquiries to the brokers and pricing services about the prices received from these parties and their methods.

For derivative instruments, the fair value is determined as follows: For all centrally cleared interest rate swaps (those entered into after September 9, 2013) pricing is provided by the central counterparty (large central clearing exchanges such as the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, or CME, and LCH). These entities use pricing models that reference the underlying rates including the overnight index swap rate and LIBOR forward rate to produce the daily settlement price. To validate the prices for all interest rate swaps, we compare to other sources, such as Bloomberg.

Accordingly, our MBS and derivative instruments are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data. This is comprised of financial instruments whose fair value is estimated based on internally developed models or methodologies utilizing significant inputs that are generally less readily observable from objective sources.

In determining the appropriate levels, we perform a detailed analysis of the assets and liabilities that are subject to ASC 820‑10. At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs are classified as Level 3.

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At March 31, 2020, fair value measurements on a recurring basis were as follows:

March 31, 2020

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Agency MBS(1)	$	—	$	2,400,260	$	—	$	2,400,260
Non-Agency MBS(1)	$	—	$	281,686	$	—	$	281,686
Derivative instruments(2)	$	—	$	3,094	$	—	$	3,094
Liabilities:
Derivative instruments(2)	$	—	$	102,802	$	—	$	102,802

At December 31, 2019, fair value measurements on a recurring basis were as follows:

December 31, 2019

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Agency MBS(1)	$	—	$	3,510,051	$	—	$	3,510,051
Non-Agency MBS(1)	$	—	$	643,610	$	—	$	643,610
Derivative instruments(2)	$	—	$	5,833	$	—	$	5,833
Liabilities:
Derivative instruments(2)	$	—	$	52,197	$	—	$	52,197

(1) For more detail about the fair value of our MBS by agency and type of security, see Note 3, “Mortgage-Backed Securities,” to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

(2) Derivative instruments include discontinued hedges under ASC 815‑10. For more detail about our derivative instruments, see Note 1, “Organization and Significant Accounting Policies,” and Note 15, “Derivative Instruments,” to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, cash and cash equivalents, investments in U.S. Treasury bills, restricted cash, interest receivable, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, warehouse line of credit, and interest payable, are reflected in our consolidated financial statements at cost, which approximates fair value.

The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments that are not carried at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	March 31, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Carrying		Estimated		Carrying		Estimated
	Value		Fair Value		Value		Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Financial Assets:
Residential mortgage loans held-for-investment through consolidated securitization trusts	$	416,571	$	405,286	$	458,348	$	461,606
Residential mortgage loans held-for-securitization	$	141,645	$	126,809	$	152,922	$	154,442
Financial Liabilities:
Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts	$	407,243	$	398,130	$	448,987	$	450,501

The residential mortgage loans held-for-investment and held-for-securitization are carried at unpaid principal balances net of any premiums or discounts and allowances for loan losses. Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts are carried at principal balances net of unamortized premiums or discounts. Warehouse lines of credit are carried at principal balance net of any unamortized debt issuance costs. For residential mortgage loans held-for-investment, fair values are obtained by an independent broker and are considered Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

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For residential mortgage loans held-for-securitization, fair values are obtained from an independent pricing service and are considered Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

NOTE 10. INCOME TAXES

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT and to comply with the provisions of the Code with respect thereto. Accordingly, we will not be subject to federal or state income taxes to the extent that our distributions to stockholders satisfy the REIT requirements and that certain asset, gross income and stock ownership tests are met. We believe that we currently meet all REIT requirements regarding these tests. Therefore, we believe that we continue to qualify as a REIT under the provisions of the Code.

NOTE 11. SERIES B CUMULATIVE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK

Our Series B Preferred Stock has a par value of $0.01 per share and a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared). The holders of our Series B Preferred Stock must receive dividends at a rate of 6.25% per year on the $25.00 liquidation preference before holders of our common stock are entitled to receive any dividends. Our Series B Preferred Stock is senior to our common stock and on parity with our 8.625% Series A Cumulative Preferred Stock, or Series A Preferred Stock, and our 7.625% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, or Series C Preferred Stock, with respect to the payment of distributions and amounts, upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up. So long as any shares of our Series B Preferred Stock remain outstanding, we will not, without the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the shares of our Series B Preferred Stock outstanding at the time, authorize or create, or increase the authorized or issued amount of, any class or series of capital stock ranking senior to our Series B Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up.

Our Series B Preferred Stock has no maturity date, is not redeemable and is convertible at the then-current conversion rate into shares of our common stock per $25.00 liquidation preference. The conversion rate is adjusted in any fiscal quarter in which the cash dividends paid to common stockholders results in an annualized common stock dividend yield that is greater than 6.25%. The conversion ratio is also subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specific events, such as a change in control. Our Series B Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of our common stock at the option of the holder(s) of Series B Preferred Stock at any time at the then-prevailing conversion rate. On or after January 25, 2012, we may, at our option, under certain circumstances, convert each share of Series B Preferred Stock into a number of shares of our common stock at the then-prevailing conversion rate. We may exercise this conversion option only if our common stock price equals or exceeds 130% of the then-prevailing conversion price of our Series B Preferred Stock for at least twenty (20) trading days in a period of thirty (30) consecutive trading days (including the last trading day of such period) ending on the trading day immediately prior to our issuance of a press release announcing the exercise of the conversion option. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we did not, at our option, convert any shares of Series B Preferred Stock. Our Series B Preferred Stock contains certain fundamental change provisions that allow the holder to redeem our Series B Preferred Stock for cash if certain events occur, such as a change in control. Our Series B Preferred Stock generally does not have voting rights, except if dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock are in arrears for six or more quarterly periods (whether or not consecutive). Under such circumstances, the holders of our Series B Preferred Stock, together with the holders of our Series A Preferred Stock and our Series C Preferred Stock, would be entitled to elect two additional directors to our Board to serve until all unpaid dividends have been paid or declared and set aside for payment. In addition, certain material and adverse changes to the terms of our Series B Preferred Stock may not be taken without the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock, Series A Preferred Stock, and Series C Preferred Stock voting together as a single class. Through March 31, 2020, we have declared and set aside for payment the required dividends for our Series B Preferred Stock.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, there were no transactions to convert shares of our Series B Preferred Stock into shares of our common stock.

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NOTE 12. PUBLIC OFFERINGS AND CAPITAL STOCK

At March 31, 2020, our authorized capital included 200,000,000 shares of common stock, of which 98,936,157 shares were issued and outstanding.

At March 31, 2020, our authorized capital included 20,000,000 shares of $0.01 par value preferred stock, of which 5,150,000 shares had been designated 8.625% Series A Cumulative Preferred Stock (liquidation preference $25.00 per share), 3,150,000 shares had been designated 6.25% Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (liquidation preference $25.00 per share), and 5,000,000 shares had been designated 7.625% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (liquidation preference $25.00 per share). The Series A Preferred Stock has no maturity date and we are not required to redeem it at any time. We may redeem the Series A Preferred Stock for cash, at our option, in whole or from time to time in part, at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends, if any, to the redemption date. To date, we have not redeemed any shares of our Series A Preferred Stock. The undesignated shares of preferred stock may be issued in one or more classes or series with such distinctive designations, rights, and preferences as determined by our Board. At March 31, 2020, there were 1,919,378 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, 779,743 shares of Series B Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, and 2,010,278 shares of Series C Preferred Stock issued and outstanding.

On January 27, 2015, we completed a public offering of 300,000 shares of our Series C Preferred Stock at a public offering price of $24.50 per share and received net proceeds of approximately $7 million. The shares were sold pursuant to the Company’s effective shelf registration statement on Form S‑3. The Series C Preferred Stock has no maturity date and is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption. On or after January 27, 2020, we may, at our option, redeem the Series C Preferred Stock for cash, in whole or from time to time in part, at a redemption price of $25.00 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends, if any, to the redemption date.

On August 10, 2016, we entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, or the FBR Sales Agreement, with FBR Capital Markets & Co., or FBR, pursuant to which we may offer and sell from time to time through FBR as our agent, up to $196,615,000 maximum aggregate amount of our common stock, Series B Preferred Stock, and Series C Preferred Stock, in such amounts as we may specify by notice to FBR, in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in the FBR Sales Agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we did not sell any shares of our Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, or common stock under the FBR Sales Agreement. At March 31, 2020, there was approximately $152.1 million available for sale and issuance under the FBR Sales Agreement.

On October 3, 2011, we announced that our Board had authorized a share repurchase program which permits us to acquire up to 2,000,000 shares of our common stock. The shares are expected to be acquired at prevailing prices through open market transactions. The manner, price, number, and timing of share repurchases will be subject to market conditions and applicable rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. Subsequently, our Board authorized the Company to acquire an aggregate of an additional 45,000,000 shares (pursuant to six separate authorizations) between December 13, 2013 and January 22, 2016. Our Board also authorized the Company to purchase an amount of our common stock up to the amount of common stock sold through our Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan. In December 2019, our Board decided to no longer include the amount of common stock sold through our Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan as stock available for repurchase. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock under our share repurchase program.

Our Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan allows stockholders and non-stockholders to purchase shares of our common stock and to reinvest dividends therefrom to acquire additional shares of our common stock. On March 15, 2018, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC registering up to 15,303,119 shares of our common stock for our 2018 Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan, or the 2018 DRP Plan. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we issued an aggregate of 86,774 shares of our common stock at a weighted average price of $3.07 per share under the 2018 DRP Plan, resulting in proceeds to us of approximately $265 thousand.

On August 5, 2014, we filed a registration statement on Form S‑8 with the SEC to register an aggregate of up to 2,000,000 shares of our common stock to be issued pursuant to the Anworth Mortgage Asset Corporation 2014 Equity Compensation Plan, or the 2014 Equity Plan.

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On April 4, 2019, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC, pursuant to which we may offer up to $490,236,182 maximum aggregate offering price of our capital stock. This registration statement was declared effective by the SEC on April 19, 2019. At March 31, 2020, approximately $490.2 million of our capital stock was available for future issuance under this registration statement.

NOTE 13. TRANSACTIONS WITH AFFILIATES

Management Agreement and Externalization

Effective as of December 31, 2011, we entered into the Management Agreement with our Manager, pursuant to which our day-to-day operations are being conducted by our Manager. Our Manager is supervised and directed by our Board and is responsible for (i) the selection, purchase, and sale of our investment portfolio; (ii) our financing and hedging activities; and (iii) providing us with portfolio management, administrative, and other services relating to our assets and operations as may be appropriate. Our Manager will also perform such other services and activities relating to our assets and operations as described in the Management Agreement. In exchange for services provided, our Manager receives a management fee, paid monthly in arrears, in an amount equal to one-twelfth of 1.20% of our Equity (as defined in the Management Agreement).

On the effective date of the Management Agreement, the employment agreements with our executives were terminated, our employees became employees of our Manager, and we took such other actions as we believed were reasonably necessary to implement the Management Agreement and externalize our management function.

Mr. Joseph E. McAdams, our Chief Executive Officer and President and the Chief Investment Officer of our Manager, beneficially owns 47.4% of the outstanding membership interests of our Manager; Mr. Lloyd McAdams, one of our directors, beneficially owns 47.4% of the outstanding membership interests of our Manager; and Ms. Heather U. Baines, an Executive Vice President of our Manager, beneficially owns 5.2% of the outstanding membership interests of our Manager.

The Management Agreement may be terminated without cause, as defined in the agreement, after the expiration of any annual renewal term. We are required to provide 180-days’ prior notice of non-renewal of the Management Agreement and must pay a termination fee on the last day of any automatic renewal term equal to three times the average annual management fee earned by our Manager during the prior 24-month period immediately preceding the most recently completed month prior to the effective date of termination. We may only not renew the Management Agreement with or without cause with the consent of the majority of our independent directors. These provisions make it difficult to terminate the Management Agreement and increase the effective cost to us of not renewing the Management Agreement.

Certain of our former officers and employees were previously granted restricted stock and other equity awards (see Note 14, “Equity Compensation Plan,” to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements for more information), including dividend equivalent rights, in connection with their service to us, and certain of our former officers and employees had agreements under which they would receive payments if the Company is subject to a change in control (which is also discussed below). The officers and employees of our Manager will continue to be eligible to receive equity awards under equity compensation plans in effect now or in the future.

Messrs.  Joseph E. McAdams, Charles J. Siegel, John T. Hillman, and Ms. Heather U. Baines and others are officers and employees of PIA Farmland, Inc. and its external manager, PIA, where they devote a portion of their time. PIA Farmland, Inc., a privately-held real estate investment trust investing in U.S. farmland properties to lease to independent farm operators, was incorporated in February 2013 and acquired its first farm property in October 2013. These officers and employees are under no contractual obligations to PIA Farmland, Inc., its external manager, PIA, or to Anworth or its external manager, Anworth Management LLC, as to their time commitment.

Change in Control and Arbitration Agreements

On June 27, 2006, we entered into Change in Control and Arbitration Agreements with Mr. Charles J. Siegel, our Chief Financial Officer, and with various officers and employees of our Manager. These agreements provide that should

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a change in control (as defined in the agreements) occur, each of these persons will receive certain severance and other benefits valued as of December 31, 2011. Under these agreements, in the event that a change in control occurs, each of these persons will receive a lump sum payment equal to (i) 12 months annual base salary in effect on December 31, 2011, plus (ii) the average annual incentive compensation received for the two complete fiscal years prior December 31, 2011, plus (iii) the average annual bonus received for the two complete fiscal years prior to December 31, 2011, as well as other benefits. For one of the Senior Vice Presidents and Portfolio Managers of our Manager, in the event that a change in control occurs, in addition to other benefits, he will receive a lump sum payment equal to (i) 12 months of the annual base salary (in effect on September 18, 2014) paid by our Manager plus (ii) $350,000. The Change in Control and Arbitration Agreements also provide for accelerated vesting of equity awards granted to these persons upon a change in control.

Agreements with Pacific Income Advisers, Inc.

On January 26, 2012, we entered into a sublease agreement that became effective on July 1, 2012 with PIA. Under the sublease agreement, we lease, on a pass-through basis, 7,300 square feet of office space from PIA at the same location and pay rent at an annual rate equal to PIA’s obligation, which is currently $71.50 per square foot. The base monthly rental for us is $43,497.47, which will be increased by 3% per annum on July 1, 2020. The sublease agreement runs through June 30, 2022 unless earlier terminated pursuant to the master lease. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we expensed $143 thousand in rent and related expenses to PIA under this sublease agreement, which is included in “General and administrative expenses” on our consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we expensed $139 thousand in rent and related expenses to PIA under this sublease agreement.

At March 31, 2020, the future minimum lease commitment was as follows:

							Total
	2020		2021		2022		Commitment
	(in thousands)
Commitment (undiscounted cash flows)	$	399	$	546	$	277	$	1,222
Discounted cash flows on the lease commitment(1)	$	386	$	516	$	257	$	1,159

(1) The difference between the total commitment amount and the amount on our consolidated balance sheets is due to the amortization of the lease asset and lease liability being done on a straight-line basis rather than by the discounted cash flows.

Under our administrative services agreement with PIA, it provides administrative services and equipment to us including human resources, operational support and information technology, and we pay an annual fee of 5 basis points on the first $225 million of stockholders’ equity and 2.25 basis points thereafter (paid quarterly in arrears) for those services. The administrative services agreement had an initial term of one year and renews for successive one-year terms thereafter, unless either party gives notice of termination no less than 30 days before the expiration of the then-current annual term. We may also terminate the administrative services agreement upon 30 days’ prior written notice for any reason, and immediately if there is a material breach by PIA. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, we paid fees of $43 thousand and $49 thousand, respectively, to PIA in connection with the administrative services agreement.

NOTE 14. EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN

2014 Equity Compensation Plan

At our 2014 annual meeting of stockholders held on May 22, 2014, our stockholders approved the adoption of the Anworth Mortgage Asset Corporation 2014 Equity Compensation Plan, or the 2014 Equity Plan, which replaced the Anworth Mortgage Asset Corporation 2004 Equity Compensation Plan, or the 2004 Equity Plan, due to its expiration. We filed a registration statement on Form S‑8 on August 5, 2014 to register up to an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of our common stock to be issued pursuant to the 2014 Equity Plan. The 2014 Equity Plan decreased the aggregate share

35

reserve from 3,500,000 shares that were available under the 2004 Equity Plan to 2,000,000 shares of our registered common stock available under the 2014 Equity Plan. The 2014 Equity Plan authorizes our Board, or a committee of our Board, to grant dividend equivalent rights, or DERs, and phantom shares, which qualify as performance-based awards under Section 162(m) of the Code. Unlike the 2004 Equity Plan, however, the 2014 Equity Plan does not provide for automatic increases in the aggregate share reserve or the number of shares remaining available for grant and only provides for the granting of DERs or phantom shares.

In August 2016, we granted to various officers and employees an aggregate of 146,552 performance-based restricted stock units (or phantom shares) with no associated grants of DERs. During the period commencing on the day immediately following the three-year anniversary of the grant date and ending on the ten-year anniversary of the grant date, the restricted stock units will vest on the last day of any month when the total return to stockholders (meaning the aggregate of our common stock price appreciation and dividends declared, assuming full reinvestment of such dividends) exceeds 10% per annum. During the period commencing on the grant date and ending on the last day of the calendar month after the three-year anniversary of the grant date, the restricted stock units will vest immediately upon the Grantee’s involuntary termination of service for any reason other than for cause. The closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date was $4.96. These grants were fully expensed as of December 31, 2019. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the amount expensed on these grants was approximately $21 thousand.

In December 2017, we issued to various officers and employees an aggregate of 162,613 performance-based restricted stock units (or phantom shares) with no associated grants of DERs. During the period commencing on the day immediately following the three-year anniversary of the grant date and ending on the ten-year anniversary of the grant date, the restricted stock units shall vest on the last day of any month when the total return to stockholders (meaning the aggregate of our common stock price appreciation and dividends declared, assuming full reinvestment of such dividends) exceeds 10% per annum. During the period commencing on the grant date and ending on the last day of the calendar month after the three-year anniversary of the grant date, the restricted stock units will vest immediately upon the grantee’s involuntary termination of service for any reason other than for cause. The closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date was $5.66. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the amount expensed on these grants was approximately $4 thousand. The unrecognized stock expense on these grants at March 31, 2020 was approximately $132 thousand. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the amount expensed on these grants was approximately $4 thousand.

Certain of our former officers have previously been granted restricted stock and other equity incentive awards, including DERs, in connection with their service to us. In connection with the Externalization, certain of the agreements under which our former officers have been granted equity awards were modified so that such agreements will continue with respect to our former officers after they became officers and employees of our Manager. As a result, these awards and any future grants will be accounted for as non-employee awards. In addition, as officers and employees of our Manager, they will continue to be eligible to receive equity incentive awards under equity incentive plans in effect now or in the future. In accordance with the Externalization effective December 31, 2011, the DERs previously granted to all of our officers were terminated under the 2007 Dividend Equivalent Rights Plan and were reissued under the 2004 Equity Plan with the same amounts, terms, and conditions. The 2004 Equity Plan was subsequently replaced by the 2014 Equity Plan.

Under the 2014 Equity Plan, a DER is a right to receive amounts equal in value to the dividend distributions paid on a share of our common stock. DERs are paid in either cash or shares of our common stock, whichever is specified by our Compensation Committee at the time of grant, at such times as dividends are paid on shares of our common stock during the period between the date a DER is issued and the date the DER expires or earlier terminates. These DERs are not attached to any stock and only have the right to receive the same cash distribution per common share distributed to our common stockholders during the term of the grant. All of these grants have a five-year term from the date of the grant. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, nothing was paid or accrued related to DERs granted, as the common stock dividend for the first quarter of 2020 had not yet been declared. At March 31, 2020, there were 746,611 DERs issued and outstanding to directors and officers of our Company and employees of our Manager. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we paid or accrued $91 thousand related to DERs granted.

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NOTE 15. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The table below presents the fair value of our derivative instruments as well as their classification in our consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

		March 31,		December 31,
Derivative Instruments	Balance Sheet Location	2020		2019
		(in thousands)
Interest rate swaps	Derivative Assets	$	—	$	5,302
TBA Agency MBS	Derivative Assets		3,094		531
		$	3,094	$	5,833
Interest rate swaps	Derivative Liabilities		102,802		52,197
		$	102,802	$	52,197

Interest Rate Swap Agreements

At March 31, 2020, we were a counterparty to interest rate swaps, which are derivative instruments as defined by ASC 815‑10, with an aggregate notional amount of $1.276 billion and a weighted average maturity of approximately 55 months. We utilize interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk relating to our repurchase agreements and do not anticipate entering into derivative transactions for speculative or trading purposes. In accordance with the interest rate swaps, we pay a fixed-rate of interest during the term of the interest rate swaps (ranging from 1.411% to 3.2205%) and receive a payment that varies with the three-month LIBOR rate.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we did not enter into any new interest rate swaps. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, 26 interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $1.225 billion matured or were terminated.

At March 31, 2020, the amount in AOCI relating to interest rate swaps was approximately $6.8 million. The estimated net amount of the existing losses that were reported in AOCI at March 31, 2020 that is expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months is approximately $3.0 million.

For the three months ended March 30, 2020, we had a loss on interest rate swaps of approximately $101.4 million, compared to a loss of $33.7 million for the three months ended March 30, 2019.

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our interest rate swaps (which were all done through the central clearing houses) had the following notional amounts, weighted average fixed rates, and remaining terms:

	March 31, 2020					December 31, 2019
			Weighted					Weighted
			Average		Remaining			Average		Remaining
	Notional		Fixed		Term in	Notional		Fixed		Term in
Maturity	Amount		Rate		Months	Amount		Rate		Months
	(in thousands)					(in thousands)
Less than 1 year	$	316,000	1.69	%	4	$	541,000	1.70	%	7
1 year to 2 years		25,000	1.50		20		190,000	1.63		21
2 years to 3 years		55,000	1.48		31		335,000	1.65		34
3 years to 4 years		115,000	1.52		43		295,000	1.71		45
4 years to 5 years		225,000	1.73		60		550,000	2.18		61
5 years to 7 years		390,000	2.60		85		390,000	2.51		85
7 years to 10 years		150,000	2.97		102		200,000	2.94		103
	$	1,276,000	2.10	%	55	$	2,501,000	2.02	%	48

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TBA Agency MBS

We also enter into TBA contracts and will recognize a gain or loss on the sale of the contracts or dollar roll income. See the section in Note 1, “Organization and Significant Accounting Policies – Derivative Financial Instruments – Risk Management,” for more information on TBA Agency MBS. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recognized a gain on derivatives-TBA Agency MBS (including derivative income) of approximately $12.6 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recognized a gain on derivatives-TBA Agency MBS (including derivative income) of approximately $6.4 million. The types of securities involved in these TBA contracts are Fannie Mae 30-year fixed-rate securities with coupons generally ranging from 3% to 4%. At March 31, 2020, the net notional amount of the TBA Agency MBS was $150 million.

For more information on our accounting policies, the objectives, and risk exposures relating to derivatives and hedging agreements, see the section on “Derivative Financial Instruments” in Note 1, “Organization and Significant Accounting Policies.” For more information on the fair value of our interest rate swaps, see Note 9, “Fair Values of Financial Instruments,” to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Lease Commitment and Administrative Services Commitment — We sublease office space and use administrative services from PIA as more fully described in Note 13, “Transactions With Affiliates.”

NOTE 17. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The computation of earnings per share, or EPS, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 was as follows:

	Net (Loss)
	to Common		Average	(Loss)
	Stockholders		Shares	per Share
		(in thousands)
For the three months ended March 31, 2020
Basic EPS	$	(188,118)	98,823	$	(1.90)
Effect of dilutive securities		—	—		—
Diluted EPS	$	(188,118)	98,823	$	(1.90)
For the three months ended March 31, 2019
Basic EPS	$	(22,267)	98,537	$	(0.23)
Effect of dilutive securities		—	—		—
Diluted EPS	$	(22,267)	98,537	$	(0.23)

NOTE 18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On April 21, 2020, our Board declared a common stock dividend of $0.05 per share for the first quarter of 2020, which is payable on May 29, 2020 to common stockholders of record as of May 12, 2020.

During April 2020, we sold approximately $0.4 billion of AFS Agency MBS and approximately $0.1 billion of Trading Non-Agency MBS primarily to reduce leverage, maintain adequate liquidity, pay-down the balances with our repurchase agreement lenders, and preserve over-collateralization for our repurchase agreement lenders, all in response to the volatility in the marketplace resulting from the coronavirus pandemic.

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Item 2.     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q, “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “Anworth” refer to Anworth Mortgage Asset Corporation.

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto contained in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q. The information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q is not a complete description of our business or the risks associated with an investment in our stock. We urge you to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q and in our other reports filed with the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q contains, or incorporates by reference, not only historical information but also forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, that are subject to the safe harbors created by such sections. Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ from our beliefs, expectations, estimates, and projections and, consequently, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements are not historical in nature and can be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “believe,” “assume,” “intend,” “seek,” “plan,” “target,” “goals,” “future,” “likely,” “may,” and similar expressions or their negative forms, or by reference to strategy, plans, or intentions. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties including, among other things, those described in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K under the caption “Risk Factors.” Other risks, uncertainties, and factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those projected are described below and may be described from time to time in reports we file with the SEC, including our Current Reports on Form 8‑K. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any such forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

Statements regarding the following subjects, among others, that may affect our actual results may be forward-looking: risks associated with investing in mortgage-backed securities, or MBS, and related assets; changes in interest rates and the market value of our target investments; changes in prepayment rates of the mortgage loans securing our mortgage-related investments; changes in the yield curve; the credit performance of our Non-Agency MBS and residential mortgage loans; the concentration of the credit risks we are exposed to; the state of the credit markets and other general economic conditions, particularly as they affect the price of earnings assets and the credit status of borrowers; the availability of our target investments for purchase at attractive prices; the availability of financing for our target investments, including the availability of repurchase agreement financing; declines in home prices; increases in payment delinquencies and defaults on the mortgages comprising and underlying our target investments; changes in liquidity in the market for mortgage-related assets, the re-pricing of credit risk in the capital markets, inaccurate ratings of securities by rating agencies, rating agency downgrades of securities, and changes in the supply of MBS available-for-sale; changes in the values of the MBS and other mortgage-related investments in our portfolio and the impact of adjustments reflecting those changes on our consolidated financial statements; our ability to generate the amount of cash flow we expect from our target investments; changes in our investment and financial strategies and the new risks that those changes may expose us to; changes in the competitive environment within our industry; changes that may affect our Manager’s ability to attract and retain personnel; our ability to successfully diversify our business into new investments and manage the new risks they may expose us to; our ability to manage various operational and regulatory risks associated with our business; our ability to establish, adjust and maintain appropriate hedges for the risks to our portfolio; risks associated with investing in mortgage-related assets; the scope and duration of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic, including actions taken by governmental authorities to contain the spread of the virus, and the impact on our business and the general economy; legislative and regulatory actions affecting the mortgage and derivatives industries or our business; implementation of or changes in government regulations or programs affecting our business; changes due to the consequences of actions by the U.S. government and other foreign governments to address various financial and economic issues and our ability to respond to and comply with such actions and changes; our

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ability to maintain our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes; our ability to maintain our exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended; limitations imposed on our business due to our REIT status as exempt from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended; and our ability to manage our growth. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. New risks and uncertainties arise over time and it is not possible to predict those events or how they may affect us. Except as required by law, we do not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Our Business

We were incorporated in Maryland on October 20, 1997 and we commenced operations on March 17, 1998. Our principal business is to invest in, finance, and manage a leveraged portfolio of residential mortgage-backed securities and residential mortgage loans which presently include the following types of investments:

§ Agency mortgage-backed securities, or Agency MBS, which include residential mortgage pass-through certificates and collateralized mortgage obligations, or CMOs, which are securities representing interests in pools of mortgage loans secured by residential property in which the principal and interest payments are guaranteed by a government-sponsored enterprise, or GSE, such as the Federal National Mortgage Association, or Fannie Mae, or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or Freddie Mac;

§ Non-agency mortgage-backed securities, or Non-Agency MBS, which are securities issued by companies that are not guaranteed by federally sponsored enterprises and that are secured primarily by first-lien residential mortgage loans; and

§ Residential mortgage loans. We acquire non-Qualified Mortgage, or Non-QM, residential mortgage loans (which are described further on page 49) from independent loan originators with the intent of holding these loans for securitization. These loans are financed by a warehouse line of credit until securitization. We also hold residential mortgage loans through consolidated securitization trusts. We finance these loans through asset-backed securities, or ABS, issued by the consolidated securitization trusts. The ABS, which are held by unaffiliated third parties, are non-recourse financing. The difference in the amount of the loans in the trusts and the amount of the ABS represents our retained net interest in the securitization trusts.

Our principal business objective is to generate net income for distribution to our stockholders primarily based upon the spread between the interest income on our mortgage assets and our borrowing costs to finance these mortgage assets.

We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. As long as we retain our REIT status, we generally will not be subject to federal or state income taxes to the extent that we distribute our taxable net income to our stockholders, and we routinely distribute to our stockholders substantially all of the taxable net income generated from our operations. In order to qualify as a REIT, we must meet various ongoing requirements under the tax law, including requirements relating to the composition of our assets, the nature of our gross income, minimum distribution requirements and requirements relating to the ownership of our stock. We believe that we currently meet all of these requirements and that we will continue to qualify as a REIT.

We view our strategy as being a hybrid investment model because our target investments are influenced primarily by either interest rate risk, credit risk, or a combination of both risks. Our Agency MBS are primarily sensitive to changes in interest rates and related prepayment rates. Our Non-Agency MBS and residential mortgage loans held-for-investment are sensitive to both mortgage credit risk and interest rate risk.

Our Agency MBS assets are also categorized as:

(1) Agency MBS whose interest rate presently adjust or will adjust; and

(2) Agency MBS whose interest rate is fixed during the life of the mortgage.

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We believe that our hybrid investment model allows us to allocate assets across various sectors within the residential mortgage market with a focus on security selection and a relative value investment approach. Our asset allocation process takes into account the opportunities in the marketplace, cost of financing, cost of hedging interest rates, prepayment risks, credit risks, and other portfolio risks. As a result, our asset allocation reflects our management’s opportunistic approach to investing in the residential mortgage marketplace.

Our Investment Portfolio

The table below provides the asset allocation among our Agency MBS, Non-Agency MBS, and residential mortgage loans at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	March 31,				December 31,
	2020				2019
	Dollar Amount		Percentage		Dollar Amount		Percentage
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Agency MBS	$	2,400,260	74.08	%	$	3,510,051	73.66	%
Non-Agency MBS		281,686	8.69			643,610	13.51
Total MBS	$	2,681,946	82.77	%	$	4,153,661	87.17	%
Residential mortgage loans held-for-securitization		141,645	4.37			152,922	3.21
Residential mortgage loans held-for-investment through consolidated securitization trusts		416,571	12.86			458,348	9.62
Total mortgage-related assets	$	3,240,162	100.00	%	$	4,764,931	100.00	%

When we change the allocation of our investment portfolio, our annualized yields and cost of financing will change. As previously discussed, our investment decisions are not driven solely by projected annualized yields but also by taking into account the uncertainty of faster or slower prepayments, extension risk, and credit-related events.

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the fair value of our MBS portfolio and its allocation were approximately as follows:

	March 31,			December 31,
	2020			2019
	(dollar amounts in thousands)
Fair value of MBS	$	2,681,946		$	4,153,661
Adjustable-rate Agency MBS less than 1-year reset		16	%		12	%
Adjustable-rate Agency MBS 1-3 year reset		3			2
Adjustable-rate Agency MBS 3-5 year reset		4			3
Adjustable-rate Agency MBS greater than 5-year reset		4			2
Total Adjustable-Rate Agency MBS		27	%		19	%
15-year fixed-rate Agency MBS		2			1
20-year fixed-rate Agency MBS		7			5
30-year fixed-rate Agency MBS		54			60
Non-Agency MBS		10			15
Total MBS		100	%		100	%

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 as Compared to March 31, 2019

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, our net loss to common stockholders was $(188.1) million, or $(1.90) per basic and diluted share, based on a weighted average of 98.8 million basic and diluted shares outstanding. This included a net loss of $(185.8) million and the payment of preferred dividends of $2.3 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, our net loss to common stockholders was $(22.3) million, or $(0.23) per diluted share, based on a weighted average of 98.5 million diluted shares outstanding. This included a net loss of $(20) million minus the payment of preferred dividends of $2.3 million.

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Net interest income, after provision for credit losses of approximately $56 thousand, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 totaled $12.3 million, or 29.1% of gross income, as compared to $8.5 million, or 18.0% of gross income, for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Net interest income, after provision for credit losses, is comprised of the interest income earned on our mortgage investments (net of premium amortization expense) and other income, less interest expense from borrowings and less provision for credit losses. Interest and other income (net of premium amortization expense) for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $35.8 million, as compared to $41.7 million for the three months ended March  31, 2019, a decrease of 14.2%, due primarily to a decrease in income on securitized residential mortgage loans of approximately $1.0 million (due primarily to paydowns on this portfolio), a decrease in the weighted average portfolio outstanding, from $4.40 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2019 to approximately $3.96 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2020, and a decrease in the weighted average coupons on MBS, from 3.82% during the three months ended March 31, 2019 to 3.62% during the three months ended March 31, 2020, partially offset by an increase in interest income on loans held-for-securitization of approximately $1.7 million, and an increase in other interest income of approximately $155 thousand, due primarily to income earned on restricted cash balances, and an increase in premium amortization expense of $0.6 million.

Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was approximately $23.4 million, as compared to approximately $33.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, a decrease of approximately 29.4%, which resulted primarily from a decrease in the average repurchase agreement borrowings outstanding, from $3.91 billion at March 31, 2019 to $3.48 billion at March 31, 2020, a decrease in the weighted average interest rates, from 2.78% at March 31, 2019 to 2.69% at March 31, 2020, and a decrease in interest expense on ABS of approximately $1.0 million (due primarily to paydowns), partially offset by and an increase in interest expense on the warehouse line of credit of approximately $1.2 million.

The results of our operations are affected by a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including the negative effects on the economy and on our business resulting from the coronavirus pandemic, and primarily depend on, among other things, the level of our net interest income, the market value of our MBS, the supply of, and demand for, mortgage-related assets in the marketplace, and the terms and availability of financing. Our net interest income varies primarily as a result from changes in interest rates, the slope of the yield curve (the differential between long-term and short-term interest rates), borrowing costs (our interest expense), and prepayment speeds on our MBS and loan portfolios, the behavior of which involves various risks and uncertainties. Interest rates and prepayment speeds, as measured by the constant prepayment rate, or CPR, vary according to the type of investment, conditions in the financial markets, competition, and other factors, none of which can be predicted with any certainty. With respect to our business operations, increases in interest rates, in general, may, over time, cause: (i) the interest expense associated with our borrowings, which are primarily comprised of repurchase agreements, to increase; (ii) the value of our MBS and loan portfolios and, correspondingly, our stockholders’ equity to decline; (iii) coupons on our MBS and loans to reset, although on a delayed basis, to higher interest rates; (iv) prepayments on our MBS and loan portfolios to slow, thereby slowing the amortization of our MBS purchase premiums; and (v) the value of our interest rate swaps and, correspondingly, our stockholders’ equity to increase. Conversely, decreases in interest rates, in general, may, over time, cause: (a) prepayments on our MBS and loan portfolios to increase, thereby accelerating the amortization of our MBS and loan purchase premiums; (b) the interest expense associated with our borrowings to decrease; (c) the value of our MBS and loan portfolios and, correspondingly, our stockholders’ equity to increase; (d) the value of our interest rate swaps and, correspondingly, our stockholders’ equity to decrease; and (e) coupons on our MBS and loans to reset, although on a delayed basis, to lower interest rates. In addition, our borrowing costs and credit lines are further affected by the type of collateral pledged and general conditions in the credit markets.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, premium amortization expense increased $0.6 million, or 10.2%, to $6.5 million, from $5.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019, due primarily to higher actual prepayments and higher future prepayment projections.

The CPR assumptions used in our projection of long-term CPR percentages are based primarily on historical prepayment rates on our MBS assets as well as assumptions about future mortgage rates and their expected impact on future prepayments.

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The following table shows the quarterly prepayment of principal of our MBS during 2020 and 2019:

	2020		2019
	First		First
Portfolio	Quarter		Quarter
MBS	18	%	13	%

We review our MBS portfolios relative to current market conditions, trading prices of individual MBS, the general level of mortgage interest rates, prepayment activity, other investment opportunities and the duration of our portfolio versus the duration of our liabilities. Although there is no set pattern or expectation of a trend to sales of MBS, we may sell some of the securities in our portfolio based upon these factors. We had no set plans to sell any of our MBS. Asset sales during the three months ended March 31, 2020 were primarily to reduce leverage, maintain adequate liquidity, pay-down the balances with our repurchase agreement lenders, and preserve over-collateralization for our repurchase agreement lenders, all in response to the volatility in the marketplace resulting from the coronavirus pandemic. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we sold approximately $1.0 billion of Agency MBS and realized a net gain of approximately $5.7 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we sold approximately $903.8 million of Agency MBS and realized a net loss of approximately $6.2 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we had unrealized losses of approximately $1.1 million on Agency MBS trading investments, as compared to unrealized gains of $14.9 million on Agency MBS trading investments during the three months ended March 31, 2019. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, approximately $0.2 billion of Non-Agency MBS were called or sold for a net loss of $55.4 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, Non-Agency bonds of approximately $20 million were called and we realized a net gain of approximately $22 thousand. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, we recognized a gain (including derivative income) of approximately $12.6 million and approximately $6.4 million, respectively, on TBA Agency MBS. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, we did not sell any of our residential mortgage loans. At March 31, 2020, we designated our Non-Agency MBS as trading securities. The unrealized loss on these securities, which had been formally recorded in AOCI, is now recorded as an unrealized loss on our statement of operations. At March 31, 2020, this unrealized loss was approximately $60 million.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we had a loss on interest rate swaps, recognized in our consolidated statements of operations, of approximately $101.4 million, consisting primarily of $0.9 million in net cash settlements paid, approximately $0.9 million in AOCI amortization, and the difference of approximately $99.6 million in the negative change in fair value (see the section entitled “Derivative Financial Instruments–Accounting for Derivative and Hedging Activities” in Note 1, “Organization and Significant Accounting Policies,” to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information). During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we had a loss on interest rate swaps recognized in our consolidated statements of operations of approximately $33.7 million, consisting primarily of $4.9 million in net cash settlements received, approximately $1.0 million in AOCI amortization, and the difference of approximately $37.6 million in the change in fair value. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we earned rental income on our residential properties portfolio of approximately $454 thousand, as compared to rental income on our residential properties portfolio of approximately $436 thousand during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Total expenses were approximately $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to approximately $3.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, we incurred management fees of approximately $1.5 million, which is based on a percentage of our equity (see Note 13, “Transactions With Affiliates,” to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements for more information), as compared to management fees of approximately $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Rental properties depreciation and expenses increased by approximately $88 thousand during the three months ended March 31, 2020. “Other expenses” increased by approximately $122 thousand during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

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Financial Condition

MBS Portfolio

At March 31, 2020, we held Agency MBS which had an amortized cost of approximately $2.32 billion, consisting primarily of $0.7 billion of adjustable-rate MBS and $1.62 billion of fixed-rate MBS. This amount represented a decrease of approximately 32.9% from the approximately $3.46 billion held at December 31, 2019. Of the adjustable-rate Agency MBS owned by us, approximately 59.6% were adjustable-rate pass-through certificates which had coupons that reset within one year. The remaining 40.4% consisted of hybrid adjustable-rate Agency MBS that have an initial interest rate that is fixed for a certain period, usually one to ten years, and thereafter adjust annually for the remainder of the term of the loan. At March 31, 2020, as our Non-Agency MBS are now designated as trading securities, they had a carrying value and fair value of approximately $281.7 million. At December 31, 2019, our Non-Agency MBS had an amortized cost of approximately $613.6 million, a fair value of approximately $643.6 million, and a contractually required principal balance of approximately $801.9 million. Due to the coronavirus pandemic, there was much volatility in the markets, and we sold a substantial portion of our Agency MBS and Non-Agency MBS portfolios to meet margin calls from our lenders.

The following table presents a schedule of the fair value of our MBS owned at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, as classified by type of issuer:

	March 31, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Fair		Portfolio		Fair		Portfolio
Agency	Value		Percentage		Value		Percentage
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Fannie Mae (FNM)	$	1,575,725	58.8	%	$	2,617,084	63.0	%
Freddie Mac (FHLMC)		824,535	30.7			892,967	21.5
Non-Agency MBS		281,686	10.5			643,610	15.5
Total MBS	$	2,681,946	100.0	%	$	4,153,661	100.0	%

The following table classifies our portfolio of MBS owned at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 by type of interest rate index:

	March 31, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Fair		Portfolio		Fair		Portfolio
Index	Value		Percentage		Value		Percentage
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Agency MBS:
One-month LIBOR	$	364	—	%	$	386	—	%
Six-month LIBOR		1,195	—			1,426	—
One-year LIBOR		690,083	25.7			767,275	18.5
Six-month certificate of deposit		231	—			297	—
One-year constant maturity treasury		15,818	0.6			17,552	0.4
Cost of Funds Index		2,346	0.1			2,532	0.1
15-year fixed-rate		45,534	1.7			48,226	1.2
20-year fixed-rate		191,419	7.1			194,577	4.7
30-year fixed-rate		1,453,270	54.3			2,477,780	59.6
Total Agency MBS	$	2,400,260	89.5	%	$	3,510,051	84.5	%
Non-Agency MBS		281,686	10.5			643,610	15.5
Total MBS	$	2,681,946	100.0	%	$	4,153,661	100.0	%

The fair values indicated do not include interest earned but not yet paid. With respect to our hybrid adjustable-rate Agency MBS, the fair value of these securities appears on the line associated with the index based on which the security will eventually reset once the initial fixed interest rate period has expired. For more detail on the fair value of our MBS, see Note 9, “Fair Values of Financial Instruments,” to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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Agency MBS

The weighted average coupons and average amortized costs of our Agency MBS at March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019, September 30, 2019, and June 30, 2019 were as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,		September 30,		June 30,
	2020		2019		2019		2019
Agency MBS Portfolio:
Weighted Average Coupon:
Adjustable-rate Agency MBS	3.78	%	3.95	%	3.96	%	4.20	%
Hybrid adjustable-rate Agency MBS	2.78		2.78		2.71		2.53
15-year fixed-rate Agency MBS	3.50		3.50		3.50		3.50
20-year fixed-rate Agency MBS	3.56		3.56		3.56		3.56
30-year fixed-rate Agency MBS	3.79		3.56		3.85		4.02
Total Agency MBS	3.64	%	3.54	%	3.69	%	3.73	%
Average Amortized Cost:
Adjustable-rate Agency MBS	101.96	%	102.04	%	102.29	%	102.38	%
Hybrid adjustable-rate Agency MBS	102.09		102.11		102.25		102.40
15-year fixed-rate Agency MBS	101.75		101.81		101.82		101.88
20-year fixed-rate Agency MBS	103.83		103.96		104.09		104.21
30-year fixed-rate Agency MBS	102.54		102.33		102.39		102.64
Total Agency MBS	102.47	%	102.35	%	102.46	%	102.64	%
Current yield on Agency MBS (weighted average coupon divided by average amortized cost)	3.56	%	3.46	%	3.60	%	3.64	%

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the unamortized net premium paid for our Agency MBS was approximately $55.9 million and approximately $79.4 million, respectively.

At March 31, 2020, the current yield on our Agency MBS increased to 3.56%, from 3.46% at December 31, 2019. This increase was due primarily to an increase in the weighted average coupon. As noted in the trend above, the weighted average coupon has increased by approximately 10 basis points from December 31, 2019. One of the factors that also impact the reported yield on our MBS portfolio is the actual prepayment rate on the underlying mortgages. We analyze our MBS and the extent to which prepayments impact the yield. When the rate of prepayments exceeds expectations, we amortize the premiums paid on mortgage assets over a shorter time period, resulting in a reduced yield to maturity on our mortgage assets. Conversely, if actual prepayments are less than the assumed CPR, the premium would be amortized over a longer time period, resulting in a higher yield to maturity.

Non-Agency MBS

Non-Agency MBS yields are based on our estimate of the timing and amount of future cash flows and our cost basis. Our cash flow estimates for these investments are based on our observations of current information and events and include assumptions related to interest rates, prepayment rates and the timing and amount of credit losses and other factors.

Non-Agency MBS includes the following types of securities:

§ Legacy Non-Agency MBS – These are collateralized by loans that were generally originated prior to the 2008 financial crisis and, therefore, trade at a deep discount due to having experienced a significant amount of high levels of defaults by the underlying borrowers. While these underlying loans will generally experience losses, the securities were generally acquired at deep discounts to face/par value, which we believe serves to mitigate this potential exposure to credit risk;

§ Non-performing - These are collateralized by loans that were generally originated prior to 2008 and have been repackaged into newer securitization pools. They may or may not be currently non-performing or delinquent,

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but there is a higher expectation of loss on these loans. Resolution of these loans typically occurs from loan modifications, short sales, and foreclosures. These loan pools usually have a greater degree of overcollateralization to support the securities; and

§ Credit Risk Transfer – These securities are designed to synthetically transfer mortgage credit risk from Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and other issuers to private investors. As loans default, the securities may incur principal write-downs. These are allocated to the tranches within a deal according to the cash flow structure of the securities.

At March 31, 2020, our Non-Agency MBS were designated as trading securities and are carried at fair value.

The following table summarizes our Non-Agency MBS portfolio by type at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

March 31, 2020

			Weighted Average
	Fair
Portfolio Type	Value		Coupon		Yield
	(in thousands)
Legacy Non-Agency MBS	$	204,777	5.58	%	5.30	%
Non-performing		2,355	5.62		5.98
Credit Risk Transfer		74,554	4.18		5.75
Total Non-Agency MBS	$	281,686	5.28	%	5.43	%

December 31, 2019

							Weighted Average
	Fair		Amortized		Contractual		Amortized
Portfolio Type	Value		Cost		Principal		Cost		Coupon		Yield
	(in thousands)
Legacy Non-Agency MBS	$	497,408	$	477,786	$	655,447	72.9	%	5.52	%	5.49	%
Non-performing		11,052		10,938		11,000	99.4		5.50		6.05
Credit Risk Transfer		135,150		124,852		135,489	92.2		4.20		5.80
Total Non-Agency MBS	$	643,610	$	613,576	$	801,936	76.5	%	5.30	%	5.56	%

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Financing

The following information pertains to our repurchase agreement borrowings at March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019, September 30, 2019, and June 30, 2019:

	March 31,			December 31,			September 30,			June 30,
	2020			2019			2019			2019
	(dollar amounts in thousands)
Total repurchase agreements outstanding	$	2,473,134		$	3,657,873		$	3,255,102		$	3,155,843
Average repurchase agreements outstanding during the quarter	$	3,476,576		$	3,322,672		$	3,227,250		$	3,606,154
Average repurchase agreements outstanding during the year	$	N/A		$	3,516,634		$	N/A		$	N/A
Maximum monthly amount during the quarter	$	3,607,774		$	3,657,873		$	3,255,102		$	4,048,665
Maximum monthly amount during the year	$	N/A		$	4,214,226		$	N/A		$	N/A
Average interest rate on outstanding repurchase agreements		1.86	%		2.07	%		2.41	%		2.76	%
Average days to maturity		29 days			28 days			31 days			26 days
Average interest rate after adjusting for interest rate swaps		2.15	%		2.13	%		2.34	%		2.38	%
Weighted average maturity after adjusting for interest rate swaps		859 days			978 days			940 days			1,198 days

At March 31, 2020, the repurchase agreements had the following balances, weighted average interest rates, and remaining weighted average maturities:

March 31, 2020

	Agency MBS				Non-Agency MBS				Total MBS
			Weighted				Weighted					Weighted
			Average				Average					Average
			Interest				Interest					Interest
	Balance		Rate		Balance		Rate		Balance			Rate
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Overnight	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	—		—	%
Less than 30 days		1,034,259	1.76			242,869	2.47			1,277,128		1.90
30 days to 90 days		1,168,965	1.76			27,041	4.15			1,196,006		1.81
Over 90 days		—	—			—	—			—		—
Demand		—	—			—	—			—		—
	$	2,203,224	1.76	%	$	269,910	2.64	%	$	2,473,134		1.86	%
Weighted average maturity		30 days				16 days				29 days
Weighted average interest rate after adjusting for interest rate swaps										2.15	%
Weighted average maturity after adjusting for interest rate swaps										859 days
MBS pledged as collateral under the repurchase agreements and interest rate swaps	$	2,319,446			$	277,960			$	2,597,406

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At December 31, 2019, the repurchase agreements had the following balances, weighted average interest rates, and remaining weighted average maturities:

December 31, 2019

	Agency MBS				Non-Agency MBS				Total MBS
			Weighted				Weighted					Weighted
			Average				Average					Average
			Interest				Interest					Interest
	Balance		Rate		Balance		Rate		Balance			Rate
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Overnight	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	—		—	%
Less than 30 days		1,680,000	2.04			427,873	2.80			2,107,873		2.20
30 days to 90 days		1,550,000	1.89			—	—			1,550,000		1.89
Over 90 days		—	—			—	—			—		—
Demand		—	—			—	—			—		—
	$	3,230,000	1.97	%	$	427,873	2.80	%	$	3,657,873		2.07	%
Weighted average maturity		30 days				11 days				28 days
Weighted average interest rate after adjusting for interest rate swaps										2.13	%
Weighted average maturity after adjusting for interest rate swaps										978 days
MBS pledged as collateral under the repurchase agreements and interest rate swaps	$	3,419,375			$	535,315			$	3,954,690

The weighted average interest rate on outstanding repurchase agreements, after adjusting for interest rate swaps, increased from 2.13% at December 31, 2019 to 2.15% at March 31, 2020. The increase was due primarily to an increase in the swap weighted average interest rate, from 2.02% at December 31, 2019 to 2.10% at March 31, 2020. The weighted average maturity, after adjusting for interest rate swaps, decreased from 978 days at December 31, 2019 to 859 days at March 31, 2020, due primarily to a decrease in the notional balance of our swap agreements, as shown in the table below under “Hedging Strategies.”

Residential Mortgage Loans Held-for-Securitization

At March 31, 2020, we owned approximately $141.6 million of Non-QM loans, which are being held-for-securitization. Non-QM loans do not comply with the rules of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, or the CFPB, relating to Qualified Mortgages. Post-crisis, the CFPB issued rules on what is required for a loan to be qualified as a Qualified Mortgage, or QM. These rules have certain requirements, such as debt-to-income ratio, being fully-amortizing, and limits on loan fees. Non-QM loans do not comply with at least one of these requirements, but that does not necessarily imply that they carry more risk. Even though these loans may not have traditional documentation of income, such as a Form W-2 or paychecks, they generally have stated income and may have alternate documentation, such as bank statements, CPA letters, or tax returns. The loans we are acquiring have high FICO scores, as well as other strong borrower attributes, which are factors we analyze in making acquisitions. See Note 4, “Residential Mortgage Loans Held-for-Securitization,” to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements for more information regarding the residential mortgage loans held-for-securitization.

These loans are financed by a warehouse line of credit. At March 31, 2020, the amount outstanding on this line of credit (including warehouse transaction costs) was $116.2 million. The interest rate on the amounts advanced under this line of credit is at LIBOR + 2.25%, which was approximately 3.68% for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Additionally, we paid a facility fee on this line of credit, which was approximately $188 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The facility fee plus legal fees paid to secure this line of credit are being amortized over one year. See Note 9, “Fair Values of Financial Instruments,” to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements for more information regarding the fair value of these investments and their related financing.

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Residential Mortgage Loans Held-for-Investment Through Consolidated Securitization Trusts

At March 31, 2020, we owned approximately $9.3 million in net interests on certain securitization trusts. The underlying mortgage loans held in the securitization trusts (classified as residential mortgage loans held-for-investment through consolidated securitization trusts) and the related financing (asset-backed securities issued by the securitization trusts) are consolidated on our consolidated balance sheets and are carried at cost. See Note 5, “Variable Interest Entities,” to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements for more information regarding consolidation of the securitization trusts. See Note 9, “Fair Values of Financial Instruments,” to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements for more information regarding the fair value of these investments and their related financing.

Residential Properties Portfolio

At March 31, 2020, we owned 84 single-family residential properties, which are all located in Southeastern Florida and are carried at a total cost, net of accumulated depreciation, of approximately $13.3 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we sold one property for a gain of approximately $78 thousand. At December 31, 2019, we owned 85 single-family residential properties which were carried at a total cost, net of accumulated depreciation, of approximately $13.5 million.

Hedging Strategies

As we intend to hedge our exposure to rising rates on funds borrowed to finance our investments in securities, we periodically enter into derivative transactions, primarily in the form of interest rate swaps. We designate interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges for tax purposes. To the extent that we enter into hedging transactions to reduce our interest rate risk on indebtedness incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets, any income or gain from the disposition of hedging transactions should be qualifying income under the REIT rules for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income test. To qualify for this exclusion, the hedging transaction must be clearly identified as such before the close of the day on which it was acquired, originated or entered into. The transaction must hedge indebtedness incurred or to be incurred by us to acquire or carry real estate assets.

As part of our asset/liability management policy, we may enter into hedging agreements, such as interest rate swaps. These agreements are entered into to try to reduce interest rate risk and are designed to provide us with income and capital appreciation in the event of certain changes in interest rates. We review the need for hedging agreements on a regular basis consistent with our capital investment policy. Interest rate swaps are derivative instruments as defined by ASC 815‑10. We do not anticipate entering into derivative transactions for speculative or trading purposes. In accordance with the interest rate swaps, we pay a fixed-rate of interest during the term of the interest rate swaps and we receive a payment that varies with the three-month LIBOR rate.

The following table relates to our interest rate swaps at March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019, September 30, 2019, and June 30, 2019:

	March 31,		December 31,		September 30,		June 30,
	2020		2019		2019		2019
Aggregate notional amount of interest rate swaps	$1.276 billion		$2.501 billion		$2.191 billion		$2.956 billion
Average maturity of interest rate swaps	4.6 years		4.0 years		3.9 years		3.6 years
Weighted average fixed-rate paid on interest rate swaps	2.10	%	2.02	%	2.08	%	2.09	%

Interest rate swaps are used to provide protection from increases in interest rates having a negative impact on the market value of our portfolio, which could result in our lenders requiring additional collateral for our repurchase agreement borrowings. An increase or decrease in the notional value of these agreements usually provides an increase or decrease in protection to our portfolio’s change in value due to interest rate changes. Other methods that can also lessen our portfolio’s change in value due to interest rate increases include acquiring mortgages that are inherently less sensitive to interest rate changes and borrowings using long-term agreements.

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After August 22, 2014, none of our interest rate swaps were designated for hedge accounting. For both terminated interest rate swaps and the de-designated interest rate swaps, as long as there is the probability that the forecasted transactions that were being hedged (i.e., rollovers of our repurchase agreement borrowings) are still expected to occur, the amount of the gain or loss in AOCI related to these interest rate swaps in AOCI remains in AOCI and is amortized over the remaining term of the interest rate swaps. At March 31, 2020, the net unrealized loss in AOCI on the interest rate swaps was approximately $6.8 million, as compared to a net unrealized loss of approximately $7.6 million at December 31, 2019.

For more information on the amounts, policies, objectives, and other qualitative data on our derivatives, see Notes 1, 9, and 15 to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Agency MBS and Non-Agency MBS Portfolios

Our primary source of funds consists of repurchase agreements, which totaled approximately $2.47 billion at March 31, 2020. As collateral for the repurchase agreements and interest rate swaps, we had pledged approximately $2.3 billion in Agency MBS and approximately $278 million in Non-Agency MBS. Our other significant sources of funds for the three months ended March 31, 2020 consisted of payments of principal from our MBS portfolio in the amount of approximately $200.6 million and proceeds from the sales of MBS of approximately $1.17 billion.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, there was a net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash of approximately $95.1 million. This consisted of the following components:

§ Net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was approximately $39.8 million. This was comprised primarily of a net loss of approximately $185.8 million and adding back the following non-cash items: the amortization of premiums and discounts on MBS of approximately $6.5 million; depreciation on rental properties of approximately $120 thousand; amortization of restricted stock of $4 thousand; amortization of premium on residential loans of approximately $0.3 million; accretion of discount on Non-Agency MBS of approximately $1.3 million; net settlements on interest rate swaps of approximately $0.9 million; a loss on interest rate swaps of approximately $99.6 million; a gain on TBA Agency MBS, net of derivative income, of approximately $12.6 million; an unrealized loss on Agency MBS held as trading investments of approximately $1.1 million; net gains on sales of AFS Agency MBS of approximately $5.7 million; a realized gain on sales of Agency MBS held as trading investments of approximately $4.0 million; a realized loss on sales of Non-Agency MBS of approximately $55.4 million; a gain on the sale of residential properties of $78 thousand; and an unrealized loss on Non-Agency MBS held as trading investments of approximately $60 million. Net cash provided by operating activities also included an increase in accrued expenses and payables of approximately $2.0 million; a decrease in prepaid expense and other assets of approximately $2.2 million; a decrease in interest receivable of approximately $4.0 million; a decrease in accrued interest payable of approximately $0.3 million; and a decrease in reverse repurchase agreements of approximately $15 million.

§ Net cash provided by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was approximately $1.3 billion, which consisted of $200.6 million from principal payments on MBS; proceeds from sales of MBS of approximately $1.17 billion; principal payments on residential mortgage loans of $10.0 million; and proceeds from the sale of residential properties of approximately $250 thousand, partially offset by purchases of MBS of approximately $76.3 million; purchases of residential loans of approximately $4.8 million; and improvements on residential properties of approximately $121 thousand.

§ Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was approximately $1.24 billion. This consisted of borrowings on repurchase agreements of approximately $6.295 billion, offset by repayments on repurchase agreements of approximately $7.48 billion; net proceeds from TBA Contracts of approximately $10.0 million; derivative counterparty margin of approximately $6.3 million; termination of interest rate swaps of approximately $48.0 million; dividends paid of approximately $8.9 million on

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common stock; dividends paid of approximately $2.3 million on preferred stock; repayments on our warehouse line of credit of approximately $17.4 million; and common stock issued of approximately $265 thousand.

At March 31, 2020, our leverage (excluding the ABS issued by securitization trusts) on total capital (including all preferred stock and junior subordinated notes) decreased from 6.2x at December 31, 2019 to 6.1x at March 31, 2020. The decrease in our leverage was due primarily to a decrease in repurchase agreements and credit line outstanding, from $3.79 billion at December 31, 2019 to $2.59 billion at March 31, 2020, partially offset by a decrease in our total capital (as described above), from $609.4 million at December 31, 2019 to $421.4 million at March 31, 2020.

In the future, we expect that our primary sources of funds will continue to consist of borrowed funds under repurchase agreement transactions and monthly payments of principal and interest on our MBS portfolios. Our liquid assets generally consist of unpledged MBS, cash, and cash equivalents. A large negative change in the market value of our MBS might reduce our liquidity, requiring us to sell assets, with the likely result of realized losses upon sale.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we raised approximately $265 thousand in capital under our Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan.

On January 27, 2015, we completed a public offering of 300,000 shares of our Series C Preferred Stock at a public offering price of $24.50 per share and received net proceeds of approximately $7 million. The shares were sold pursuant to the Company’s effective shelf registration statement on Form S‑3. The Series C Preferred Stock has no maturity date and is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption. On or after January 27, 2020, we may, at our option, redeem the Series C Preferred Stock for cash, in whole or from time to time in part, at a redemption price of $25.00 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends, if any, to the redemption date.

On August 10, 2016, we entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, or the FBR Sales Agreement, with FBR Capital Markets & Co., or FBR, pursuant to which we may offer and sell from time to time through FBR, as our agent, up to $196,615,000 maximum aggregate amount of our common stock, Series B Preferred Stock, and Series C Preferred Stock, in such amounts as we may specify by notice to FBR, in accordance with the terms and conditions as set forth in the FBR Sales Agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we did not sell any shares of our Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, or our common stock under the FBR Sales Agreement.

On October 3, 2011, we announced that our Board had authorized a share repurchase program which permits us to acquire up to 2,000,000 shares of our common stock. The shares are expected to be acquired at prevailing prices through open market transactions. The manner, price, number, and timing of share repurchases will be subject to market conditions and applicable rules of the SEC. Subsequently, our Board authorized the Company to acquire an aggregate of an additional 45,000,000 shares (pursuant to six separate authorizations) between December 13, 2013 and January 22, 2016. Our Board had also authorized the Company to purchase an amount of our common stock up to the amount of common stock sold through our Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan. In December 2019, our Board decided to no longer include the amount of common stock sold through our Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan as stock available for repurchase. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock under our share repurchase program.

Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, there were no material changes outside the normal course of business to the contractual obligations identified in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

Stockholders’ Equity

We use available-for-sale treatment for our Agency MBS, which are carried on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value rather than historical cost. Based upon this treatment, our total equity base at March 31, 2020 was

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approximately $364.6 million. Common stockholders’ equity was approximately $266.3 million, or a book value of $2.69 per share. Common stockholders’ equity serves as the basis for how book value per common share is calculated.

Under available-for-sale accounting treatment, unrealized fluctuations in fair values of MBS are assessed to determine whether they are other-than-temporary. To the extent we determine that these unrealized fluctuations are temporary, they do not impact GAAP income or taxable income but rather are reflected on our consolidated balance sheets by changing the carrying value of these assets and reflecting the change in stockholders’ equity under “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisting of unrealized gains and losses.”

As a result of this mark-to-market accounting treatment, our book value and book value per share are likely to fluctuate far more than if we used historical amortized cost accounting on all of our assets. As a result, comparisons with some companies that use historical cost accounting for all of their balance sheets may not be meaningful.

Unrealized changes in the fair value of AFS Agency MBS have one significant and direct effect on our potential earnings and dividends: positive mark-to-market changes will increase our equity base and allow us to increase our borrowing capacity, while negative changes will tend to reduce borrowing capacity under our capital investment policy. A very large negative change in the net market value of our AFS Agency MBS might reduce our liquidity, requiring us to sell assets with the likely result of realized losses upon sale. “Accumulated other comprehensive income” on AFS Agency MBS was approximately $72.7 million, or 3.13% of the amortized cost of our AFS Agency MBS, at March 31, 2020. This, along with “Accumulated other comprehensive (loss), derivatives” of approximately $(6.7) million, constituted the total “Accumulated other comprehensive income” of approximately $66 million.

At March 31, 2020, we changed the designation of our Non-Agency MBS from available-for-sale to trading securities. Unrealized changes in the fair value of these securities are recorded in earnings. At December 31, 2019, we had an unrealized gain in other comprehensive income of approximately $30 million. This was reclassified out of other comprehensive income at March 31, 2020 and the unrealized loss at that time on these securities of approximately $60 million was recognized through earnings.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures Related to Operating Results

In addition to our operating results presented in accordance with GAAP, the following table includes the following non-GAAP financial measures: core earnings (including per common share), total interest income and average asset yield, including TBA dollar roll income, paydown expense on Agency MBS, effective total interest expense, and effective cost of funds. The table below reconciles our net loss to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2020 to core earnings for the same period. Core earnings represents the net loss to common stockholders (which is the nearest comparable GAAP measure), adjusted for the items shown in the table below.

Our management believes that:

§ these non-GAAP financial measures are useful because they provide investors with greater transparency to the information that we use in our financial and operational decision-making process;

§ the inclusion of paydown expense on Agency MBS is more indicative of the current earnings potential of our investment portfolio, as it reflects the actual principal paydowns which occurred during the period. Paydown expense on Agency MBS is not dependent on future assumptions on prepayments or the cumulative effect from prior periods of any current changes to those assumptions, as is the case with the GAAP measure, “Premium amortization on MBS”;

§ the adjustment for depreciation expense on residential rental properties is a non-cash item and is added back by other companies to derive core earnings or funds from operations; and

§ the presentation of these measures, when analyzed in conjunction with our GAAP operating results, allows investors to more effectively evaluate our performance to that of our peers, particularly those that have discontinued hedge accounting and those that have used similar portfolio and derivative strategies.

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These non-GAAP financial measures should not be used as a substitute for our operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2020. An analysis of any non-GAAP financial measure should be used in conjunction with results presented in accordance with GAAP.

Core Earnings

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020
	Amount		Per Share
	(in thousands)
Net (loss) to common stockholders	$	(188,118)	$	(1.90)
Adjustments to derive core earnings:
Realized net (gain) on sales of MBS		(5,710)		(0.06)
Realized net loss on sales of Non-Agency MBS		55,390		0.56
Realized net (gain) on sales of Agency MBS held as trading investments		(3,981)		(0.04)
Unrealized loss on Non-Agency MBS held as trading securities(1)		59,982		0.61
Unrealized loss on Agency MBS held as trading investments		1,141		0.01
Loss on interest rate swaps, net		101,355		1.03
(Gain) on derivatives-TBA Agency MBS, net		(12,564)		(0.13)
(Gain) on sales of residential properties		(78)		—
Net settlement on interest rate swaps after de-designation(2)		(857)		(0.01)
Dollar roll income on TBA Agency MBS(3)		537		0.01
Premium amortization on MBS		6,477		0.07
Paydown expense(4)		(4,958)		(0.05)
Depreciation expense on residential rental properties(5)		120		—
Core earnings	$	8,736	$	0.09
Basic weighted average number of shares outstanding		98,823

(1) At March 31, 2020, we designated our Non-Agency MBS as trading securities. The unrealized loss at that time, instead of being recorded in AOCI, as had been previously done, is now recognized through earnings.

(2) Net settlements on interest rate swaps after de-designation include all subsequent net payments made or received on interest rate swaps which were de-designated as hedges in August 2014 and also on any new interest rate swaps entered into after that date. These amounts are recorded in “Unrealized loss on interest rate swaps, net.”

(3) Dollar roll income on TBA Agency MBS is the income resulting from the price discount typically obtained by extending the settlement of TBA Agency MBS to a later date. This is a component of the “(Loss) on derivatives, net” that is shown on our unaudited consolidated statements of operations.

(4) Paydown expense on Agency MBS represents the proportional expense of Agency MBS purchase premiums relative to the Agency MBS principal payments and prepayments which occurred during the three-month period.

(5) Depreciation expense is added back in the core earnings calculation, as it is a non-cash item, and it is similarly added back in other companies’ calculation of core earnings or funds from operations.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management has the obligation to ensure that its policies and methodologies are in accordance with GAAP. Management has reviewed and evaluated its critical accounting policies and believes them to be appropriate.

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions in certain circumstances that affect amounts reported in the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements. In preparing these unaudited consolidated financial statements, management has made its best estimates and judgments on the basis of information then readily available to it of certain amounts included in the unaudited consolidated financial statements, giving due consideration to materiality. Application of these accounting policies involves the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results could differ materially and adversely from these estimates.

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Our accounting policies are described in Note 1, “Organization and Significant Accounting Policies,” to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements. Management believes the more significant of our accounting policies are the following:

Income Recognition

The most significant source of our income is derived from our investments in Agency MBS. We reflect income using the effective yield method which, through amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts at an effective yield, recognizes periodic income over the estimated life of the investment on a constant yield basis, as adjusted for actual prepayment activity and estimated prepayments. Management believes our revenue recognition policies are appropriate to reflect the substance of the underlying transactions.

Interest income on our Agency MBS is accrued based on the actual coupon rate and the outstanding principal amounts of the underlying mortgages. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted into interest income over the expected lives of the securities using the effective interest yield method, adjusted for the effects of actual prepayments and estimated prepayments based on ASC 320‑10.

Our policy for estimating prepayment speeds for calculating the effective yield is to evaluate historical performance, street consensus prepayment speeds and current market conditions. If our estimate of prepayments is incorrect, we may be required to make an adjustment to the amortization or accretion of premiums and discounts that would have an impact on future income, which could be material and adverse.

The vast majority of our Non-Agency MBS had previously been accounted for under “Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Credit Deterioration” (ASC 310-30). Under CECL, debt securities previously accounted for as assets acquired with credit impairment (PCI) are treated as assets acquired with credit deterioration (PCD). Under ASC 326, PCD assets that are also available-for-sale debt securities follow the available-for-sale debt security impairment model. This compares the fair value of a security with its amortized cost. If the fair value of a security exceeds its amortized cost, there is no credit loss. If the fair value of a security is less than its amortized cost, then the security is impaired and further assessment needs to be done to determine if the decline in fair value is due to a credit loss or to other factors. The first step in this assessment process is for an entity to determine whether it had the intent to sell the security, or the ability to hold the security until the expected recovery of its amortized cost basis, or until maturity. If an entity did not have either the intent or the ability to hold the security until the expected recovery of the amortized cost basis, then the amortized cost basis is written down to the debt security’s fair value through earnings.

Upon the adoption of CECL at January 1, 2020, we reviewed those Non-Agency MBS that were in an unrealized loss position to determine if there was any credit loss. In our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, we stated the following: “On the Non-Agency MBS that were in an unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2019, we did not expect to sell these Non-Agency MBS at a price less than the amortized cost basis of our investments. Because the decline in market value on these Non-Agency MBS is attributable to changes in interest rate and not the credit quality of the Non-Agency MBS in our portfolio, and because we did not have the intent to sell these investments, nor is it more likely than not that we will be required to sell these investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity, we do not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired.” On January 1, 2020, when we adopted CECL, we reviewed our assessment of the Non-Agency MBS in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2019, and concluded that there was no credit loss on these securities. Our conclusion included a review of factors such as the ratings of these securities by rating agencies, the payment structure of these securities, whether the issuer has continued to make payments of principal and interest, and review of prepayment speeds, delinquency, and default rates.

At March 31, 2020, we changed the designation of our Non-Agency MBS from available-for-sale securities to trading securities. The reason for this change in designation was due to the negative effects on the economy resulting from the coronavirus pandemic and the high volatility in the market for Non-Agency MBS. Starting in the third week in March 2020, we began receiving requests from our repurchase agreement counterparties for margin calls, increases in the haircuts (the amount of coverage on the collateral securing the repurchase agreement financing), and higher interest rates. This all resulted from the perceived damage to the economy from the coronavirus pandemic. After the Federal

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Reserve stepped in and supported the Agency MBS market, the prices for Agency MBS stabilized. The Non-Agency MBS market was still volatile (with non-agency prices continuing to decline). We sold a substantial portion of our Non-Agency MBS in order to reduce leverage, maintain adequate liquidity, pay-down the balances on our repurchase agreement borrowings, and preserve over-collateralization for our repurchase agreement lenders. Due to the high volatility in the market for Non-Agency MBS, and the more restrictive terms by our repurchase agreement counterparties on these securities, we felt that we could no longer state that we had the intent and the ability to hold these securities until recovery of their amortized cost basis, or until maturity. Therefore, we changed the designation of these securities to trading securities as of March 31, 2020. Once an entity elects to classify a security as a trading security, it should be prepared to maintain that classification until the security is sold or matures.

Transfer of securities from available-for-sale to trading securities means that the unrealized gains and losses that were in accumulated other comprehensive income are reported through earnings as unrealized gains or losses as of the date of the change in designation. Trading securities are subsequently measured at fair value, with the changes in fair value reported in income in the period the change occurs.

Interest income on the Non-Agency MBS that were purchased at a discount to par value, and were rated below AA at the time of purchase, was previously recognized based on the security’s effective interest rate. The effective interest rate on these securities was based on the projected cash flows from each security, which was estimated based on our observation of current information and events, and include assumptions related to interest rates, prepayment rates, and the timing and amount of credit losses. On at least a quarterly basis, we reviewed and, if appropriate, made adjustments to our cash flow projections based on input and analysis received from external sources, internal models, and our judgment about interest rates, prepayment rates, the timing and amount of credit losses, and other factors. Changes in cash flows from those originally projected, or from those estimated at the last evaluation, resulted in a prospective change in the yield/interest income recognized on such securities. Actual maturities of these Non-Agency MBS was affected by the contractual lives of the associated mortgage collateral, periodic payments of principal, and prepayments of principal. Therefore, actual maturities of available-for-sale securities are generally shorter than stated contractual maturities. Stated contractual maturities are generally greater than ten years. At March 31, 2020, we designated our Non-Agency MBS as trading securities. On a prospective basis, interest income is recognized based on the actual coupon rate and the outstanding principal amount.

Securities transactions are recorded on the date the securities are purchased or sold. Realized gains or losses from securities transactions are determined based on the specific identified cost of the securities.

Valuation and Classification of Investment Securities

We carry our investment securities on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The fair values of our Agency MBS are primarily based on third party bid price indications provided by independent third-party pricing services. If, in the opinion of management, one or more securities prices reported to us are not reliable or unavailable, management reviews the fair value based on characteristics of the security it receives from the issuer and available market information. The fair values reported reflect estimates and may not necessarily be indicative of the amounts we could realize in a current market exchange. We review various factors (i.e., expected cash flows, changes in interest rates, credit protection, etc.) in determining whether and to what extent an other-than-temporary impairment exists. The unrealized losses on our Agency MBS were primarily caused by fluctuations in interest rates due to market volatility resulting from the coronavirus pandemic and its negative effect on the economy, and not due to credit quality. At March 31, 2020, we did not have the intent to sell these investments, nor is it more likely than not that we will be required to sell these investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. The payments of principal and interest on these securities are guaranteed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which are under the conservatorship of the U.S. government. Accordingly, there is zero loss expectation on these securities, and no allowance for credit losses has been recorded. Assets classified as trading investments are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in our consolidated statements of operations. For more detail on the fair value of our Agency MBS, see Note 9, “Fair Values of Financial Instruments,” to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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In determining the fair value of our Non-Agency MBS, management considers a number of observable market data points, including prices obtained from well-known major financial brokers that make markets in these instruments, pricing from independent pricing services, and timely trading activity in the marketplace. Management reviews these inputs in the valuation of our Non-Agency MBS. We understand that in order to determine the fair market value of a security, market participants not only consider the characteristics of the type of security and its underlying collateral but also take into consideration the historical performance data of the underlying collateral of that security including loan delinquency, loan losses and credit enhancement. In addition, we also collect and consider current market intelligence on all major markets, including benchmark security evaluations and bid list results from various sources. Upon the adoption of CECL on January 1, 2020, the unrealized losses on our investments in Non-Agency MBS were primarily caused by fluctuations in interest. We purchased the Non-Agency MBS primarily at a discount relative to their face value. At March 31, 2020, we designated these securities as trading securities, and they are carried at fair value. See the section on Non-Agency MBS under the caption, “Mortgage-Backed Securities,” in Significant Accounting Policies in Note 1.

Our MBS are valued using various market data points as described above, which management considers to be directly or indirectly observable parameters. Accordingly, our MBS are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Residential Mortgage Loans Held-for-Securitization

Residential mortgage loans held-for-securitization are held at our wholly-owned subsidiary, Anworth Mortgage Loans, Inc., in connection with our intent to sponsor our own securitizations. Loans purchased with the intent to securitize are recorded on the trade date. Any fees associated with acquiring the loans held-for-securitization, as well as any premium paid to acquire the loans, are deferred. These are included in the loan balance and amortized using the effective interest yield method. Upon securitization, the costs of securitization such as underwriting fees, legal fees, and accounting fees are added to the loan balances and amortized using the effective interest yield method. Interest income is recorded as revenue when earned and deemed collectible or until a loan becomes more than 90 days’ past due, at which point the loan is placed on non-accrual status. When a non-accrual loan has been cured, meaning when all delinquent principal and interest have been remitted by the borrower, the loan is placed back on accrual status. Alternatively, nonaccrual loans may be placed back on accrual status after the loan is considered re-performing, generally when the loan has been current for 6 months. The estimates for the allowance for loan losses require consideration of various observable inputs including, but not limited to, historical loss experience, delinquency status, borrower credit scores, geographic concentrations and loan-to-value ratios, and are adjusted for current economic conditions as deemed necessary by management. Many of these factors are subjective and cannot be reduced to a mathematical formula. In addition, since we have not incurred any direct losses on our portfolio, we review national historical credit performance information from external sources to assist in our analysis. Changes in our estimates can significantly impact the allowance for loan losses and provision expense. The allowance reflects management’s best estimate of the credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. It is also possible that we will experience credit losses that are different from our current estimates or that the time of those losses may differ from our estimates

The residential mortgage loans held-for-securitization are financed by warehouse lines of credit. Fees incurred in securing the credit line are deducted from the amount outstanding under the line and are amortized to interest expense over the term of the credit line. Under these borrowing facilities, we make various representations and warranties and the loans must also meet certain eligibility criteria. We may be required to remove a loan from a warehouse line of credit. We do not maintain a loan repurchase reserve, as any risk of loss due to loan repurchase would normally be covered by recourse to the companies from which we acquired the loans.

Residential Mortgage Loans Held-for-Investment Through Consolidated Securitization Trusts

Residential mortgage loans held-for-investment through consolidated securitization trusts are carried at unpaid principal balance net of any allowance for loan losses. These estimates for the allowance for loan losses require consideration of various observable inputs including, but not limited to, historical loss experience, delinquency status, borrower credit scores, geographic concentrations and loan-to-value ratios, and are adjusted for current economic conditions as deemed necessary by management. Many of these factors are subjective and cannot be reduced to a mathematical formula. In addition, since we have not incurred any direct losses on our portfolio, we review national historical credit performance information from external sources to assist in our analysis. Changes in our estimates can

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significantly impact the allowance for loan losses and provision expense. The allowance reflects management’s best estimate of the credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. It is also possible that we will experience credit losses that are different from our current estimates or that the time of those losses may differ from our estimates.

Accounting for Derivatives and Hedging Activities

In accordance with ASC 815, we recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities and we measure these investments at fair value. Changes in fair value for derivatives not designated as hedges are recorded in our consolidated statements of operations as “(Loss) on derivatives, net.”

In accordance with ASC 815‑10, a derivative that is designated as a hedge is recognized as an asset/liability and measured at estimated fair value. In order for our interest rate swap agreements to qualify for hedge accounting, upon entering into the swap agreement, we must anticipate that the hedge will be highly “effective,” as defined by ASC 815‑10.

Prior to March 18, 2014 and August 22, 2014 (the dates when we de-designated our interest rate swaps from hedge accounting), on the date we entered into a derivative contract, we designated the derivative as a hedge of the variability of cash flows that were to be received or paid in connection with a recognized asset or liability (a “cash flow” hedge). Changes in the fair value of a derivative that were highly effective and that were designated and qualified as a cash flow hedge, to the extent that the hedge was effective, were recorded in “other comprehensive income” and reclassified to income when the forecasted transaction affected income (e.g., when periodic settlement interest payments were due on repurchase agreements). The swap agreements were carried on our consolidated balance sheets at their fair value based on values obtained from large financial institutions who were market makers for these types of instruments. Hedge ineffectiveness, if any, was recorded in current-period income.

We formally assessed, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that were used in hedging transactions were highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of hedged items and whether those derivatives were expected to remain highly effective in future periods. If it was determined that a derivative was not (or ceased to be) highly effective as a hedge, we discontinued hedge accounting.

When we discontinued hedge accounting, the gain or loss on the derivative remained in “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” and is reclassified into income when the forecasted transaction affects income. In all situations in which hedge accounting is discontinued and the derivative remains outstanding, we carry the derivative at its fair value on our consolidated balance sheets, recognizing changes in the fair value in current-period income. At March 31, 2020, none of our derivative instruments were designated as hedges for accounting purposes.

For purposes of the cash flow statement, cash flows from derivative instruments were classified with the cash flows from the hedged item. Cash flows from derivatives that are not hedges are classified according to the underlying nature or purpose of the derivative. For more detail on our derivative instruments, see Notes 1, 9, and 15 to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes

Our financial results do not reflect provisions for current or deferred income taxes. Management believes that we have and intend to continue to operate in a manner that will allow us to be taxed as a REIT and, as a result, management does not expect to pay substantial, if any, corporate level taxes. Many of these requirements, however, are highly technical and complex. If we were to fail to meet these requirements, we would be subject to federal income tax.

Recent and Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

A description of recent and recently adopted accounting pronouncements, the date adoption is required, and the impact on our consolidated financial statements is contained in Note 1, “Organization and Significant Accounting Policies,” to our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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Government Activity

Developments Concerning Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac

Payments on the Agency MBS in which we invest are guaranteed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which are stockholder corporations chartered by Congress with a public mission to provide liquidity, stability, and affordability to the U.S. housing market. Since 2008, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have been regulated by the Federal Housing Finance Agency, or the FHFA, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, the SEC, and the U.S. Department of the Treasury, or the U.S. Treasury, and are currently operating under the conservatorship of the FHFA. The U.S. Treasury has agreed to support the continuing operations of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac with any necessary capital contributions while in conservatorship. However, the U.S. government does not guarantee the securities or other obligations of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.

Over the past several years, separate legislation has been introduced in both houses of the U.S. Congress to wind-down or reform both of these agencies. None of these bills have garnered enough support for a vote. It is currently unknown if, and when, any of these bills would become law and, if they did, what impact that would have on housing finance in general and what the impact would be on the existing securities guaranteed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, as well as the impact on the pricing, supply, liquidity, and value of the MBS in which we invest.

Actions of the Federal Reserve

The outbreak of the Coronavirus, or COVID-19, has severely affected population health worldwide and created unprecedented economic disruption. In the U.S., there have been over a million cases of infection, leading to a large death toll. In addition, measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 have caused, and may continue to cause, substantial business closures, travel restrictions, and self-isolation. Most states and local governments, in coordination with the Federal government, have ordered people to stay home and mandated non-essential businesses to close. Millions of people have been laid off and have filed for unemployment benefits, potentially affecting their ability to make payments on their mortgage, rent, or other debt. In response, the Federal Reserve has taken the following actions:

§ On March 15, 2020, the Federal Reserve Open Market Committee, or the FOMC, lowered the fed funds rate to a target range of 0% to 0.25%;

§ Increased holdings of U.S. Treasury securities by at least $500 billion and holdings of Agency MBS by at least $200 billion. It announced that it would also reinvest the principal from its holding into further acquisitions of Agency MBS;

§ The FOMC announced it would expand its overnight and term repurchase agreement operations by trillions of dollars, which was designed to stabilize these markets;

§ The Federal Reserve, in coordination with the Bank of England, Bank of Canada, Bank of Japan, the European Central Bank, and the Swiss National Bank, announced a coordinated action to enhance liquidity via standing U.S. dollar liquidity swap line agreements. The new lower rate will be the U.S. Overnight Index Swap, or the OIS, rate plus 25 basis points. This announcement is designed to reduce stress in global funding markets and to mitigate the stress on the supply of funds to households and businesses, both domestically and globally;

§ Enhanced the ability of banks and other financial institutions to access the Fed discount window, which supports the liquidity and stability of the banking system and the effective implementation of the monetary supply. The Fed primary credit rate was lowered by 150 basis points to 0.25%;

§ Established a Commercial Paper Funding Facility, or CPFF, to support the flow of credit to consumers, such as through auto loans and mortgages, and to provide liquidity for the operational needs of a wide range of businesses. The U.S. Treasury has committed $10 billion to the Federal Reserve for this facility; and

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§ Congress passed the $2.2 trillion CARES Act to provide, through the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Reserve, aid to individuals and businesses. As part of this Act, lenders were encouraged to work with consumers struggling to make their loan payments by offering forbearance of several months to any persons who requested such assistance.

We cannot predict the economic impact of COVID-19 and the ultimate effect it will have on our business, nor can we predict whether the actions of the Federal Reserve, the U.S. government, state and local governments, and foreign governments will be successful, or whether future actions may be necessary.  Although some of the actions have provided economic relief to individuals and businesses and may have stabilized, for the present time, certain lending markets, we cannot predict how the actions already taken, or those that may be taken, could impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition. These actions, while intending to help the economy currently, could have longer-term and broader implications, and could negatively affect the availability of financing and the quantity and quality of available mortgage products, and could cause changes in interest rates and the yield curve, any and each of which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition, as well as those of the entire mortgage sector in general, and the broader U.S. and global economies.

Other Recent Activity

During the past several years, there have been continuing liquidity and credit concerns surrounding the mortgage markets and the general global economy. While the U.S. government and other foreign governments have taken various actions to address these concerns, there are also concerns about the ability of the U.S. government to reduce its budget deficit as well as possible future rating downgrades of U.S. sovereign debt and government-sponsored agency debt. In August 2019, Congress agreed to increase the spending caps by $320 billion and also to remove the debt ceiling limit for two years. This bill was signed by President Trump. A failure by the U.S. government to reach agreement on future budgets and debt ceilings, reduce its budget deficit, or a future downgrade of U.S. sovereign debt and government-sponsored agencies’ debt, could have a material adverse effect on the U.S. economy and the global economy. These events could have a material adverse effect on our borrowing costs, the availability of financing, and the liquidity and valuation of securities in general, and also on the securities in our portfolio.

Over the past several years, U.S. and British banking authorities assessed fines on several major financial institutions for LIBOR manipulation. LIBOR is an unregulated rate based on estimates that lenders submitted to the British Bankers’ Association, a trade group that compiled the information and published daily the LIBOR rate. On February 1, 2014, the administration of LIBOR was transferred from the British Bankers’ Association to the Intercontinental Exchange Benchmark Administration, or the IBA, following authorization by the Financial Conduct Authority (the United Kingdom regulators). In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority announced that by the end of 2021, LIBOR would be replaced with a more reliable alternative. At this time, we do not know what changes will be made by the Financial Conduct Authority. In the United States, the Alternative Refinance Rates Committee selected the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR, an overnight secured U.S. Treasury repurchase agreement rate, as the new rate and adopted a proposed transition plan for the change from U.S. LIBOR to SOFR. The calculation of LIBOR under the IBA is the average of the interest rates that some of the world’s leading banks charge each other for short-term loans. It is unclear at this time as to how the change to another alternative to LIBOR will affect the interest rates that repurchase agreement counterparties and lenders charge on borrowings in general and how they could specifically affect our borrowing agreements.

On June 23, 2016, the citizens of the United Kingdom, or the UK, voted to leave, or Brexit, the European Union, or the EU. The UK had two years from its formal notification of withdrawal (given on March 29, 2017) from the EU to negotiate a new treaty to replace the terms of its EU membership. The UK was due to leave the EU in March 2019 and EU leaders had adopted formal guidelines about the future relationship between the EU and the UK. It is unknown at this time what effects the Brexit vote and the UK/EU relationship will have on interest rates, on stock markets (over the longer term), and the effect on the U.S. economy and the global economy. However, the recent legislative victory by the Conservative Party and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson makes it more likely for a United States/UK free trade agreement to occur. The UK formerly left the EU on January 31, 2020.

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On January 16, 2020, the U.S. Congress passed the USMCA trade agreement, which became effective after the legislatures of the U.S., Mexico, and Canada had all approved it. It is believed that the USMCA trade agreement will be beneficial to U.S. workers, manufacturers, and farmers in particular, as well as improving trade relations amongst all three nations

Subsequent Events

On April 21, 2020, our Board declared a common stock dividend of $0.05 per share for the first quarter of 2020, which is payable on May 29, 2020 to common stockholders of record as of May 12, 2020.

During April 2020, we sold approximately $0.4 billion of AFS Agency MBS and approximately $0.1 billion of Trading Non-Agency MBS primarily to reduce leverage, maintain adequate liquidity, pay-down the balances with our repurchase agreement lenders, and preserve over-collateralization for our repurchase agreement lenders, all in response to the volatility in the marketplace resulting from the coronavirus pandemic.

Item 3.     Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Coronavirus pandemic and its impact on the economy have negatively affected our business and results of operations. Business closures and the elevated unemployment rate caused by COVID-19, as well as the efforts to contain it, could affect the underlying collateral and valuation of our securities and loans.

We seek to manage the interest rate, market value, liquidity, prepayment and credit risks inherent in all financial instruments in a prudent manner designed to insure our longevity while, at the same time, seeking to provide an opportunity for stockholders to realize attractive total rates of return through ownership of our common stock. While we do not seek to avoid risk completely, we do seek, to the best of our ability, to assume risk that can be quantified from historical experience, to actively manage that risk, to earn sufficient returns to justify taking those risks and to maintain capital levels consistent with the risks we undertake.

Interest Rate Risk

We primarily invest in adjustable-rate, hybrid adjustable-rate, and fixed-rate mortgage assets. Hybrid mortgages are ARMs that have a fixed interest rate for an initial period of time (typically one to ten years) and then convert to an adjustable-rate for the remaining loan term. Our debt obligations are generally repurchase agreements of limited duration that are periodically refinanced at current market rates.

ARMs are typically subject to periodic and lifetime interest rate caps that limit the amount an ARM interest rate can change during any given period. ARMs are also typically subject to a minimum interest rate payable. Our borrowings are not subject to similar restrictions. Therefore, in a period of increasing interest rates, interest rates on our borrowings could increase without limitation, while the interest rates on our mortgage assets could be limited. This problem would be magnified to the extent we acquire mortgage assets that are not fully indexed. Further, some ARM assets may be subject to periodic payment caps that result in some portion of the interest being deferred and added to the principal outstanding. These factors could lower our net operating income or cause a net loss during periods of rising interest rates, which would negatively impact our liquidity, net income, and our ability to make distributions to stockholders.

We fund the purchase of a substantial portion of our ARM assets with borrowings that have interest rates based on indices and repricing terms similar to, but of shorter maturities than, the interest rate indices and repricing terms of our mortgage assets. Thus, we anticipate that in most cases the interest rate indices and repricing terms of our mortgage assets and our funding sources will not be identical, thereby creating an interest rate mismatch between assets and liabilities. During periods of changing interest rates, such interest rate mismatches could negatively impact our net operating income, dividend yield, and the market price of our common stock.

Most of our adjustable-rate assets are based on the one-year LIBOR rate and our debt obligations are generally based on 1-month to 3-month LIBOR. These indices generally move in the same direction, but there can be no assurance

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that this will continue to occur.

Our ARM assets and borrowings reset at various different dates for the specific asset or obligation. In general, the repricing of our debt obligations occurs more quickly than on our assets. Therefore, on average, our cost of funds may rise or fall more quickly than does our earnings rate on the assets.

Further, our net income may vary somewhat as the spread between one-month interest rates and six- and twelve-month interest rates varies.

We also fund the acquisition of fixed-rate assets with short-term borrowings. During periods of rising interest rates, our costs associated with borrowings used to fund acquisitions of fixed-rate assets are subject to increases while the income we receive from these assets remains fixed. This reduces or could eliminate the net interest spread between the fixed-rate assets that we purchase and our borrowings used to purchase them, which could negatively impact our net operating income.

At March 31, 2020, our MBS and the related repurchase agreement borrowings will prospectively reprice based on the following time frames:

March 31, 2020

	Investments(1)				Borrowings
			Percentage of				Percentage of
	Amount		Total Investments		Amount		Total Borrowings
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Agency MBS Portfolio:
Investment Type/Rate Reset Dates:
15-year fixed-rate investments	$	45,534	1.7	%	$	—	—	%
20-year fixed-rate investments		191,419	7.1			—	—
30-year fixed-rate investments		1,453,270	54.2			—	—
Adjustable-Rate Investments/Obligations:
Less than 3 months		67,784	2.5			2,203,224	89.1
Greater than 3 months and less than 1 year		367,777	13.8			—	—
Greater than 1 year and less than 3 years		84,270	3.1			—	—
Greater than 3 years and less than 5 years		92,728	3.5			—	—
Greater than 5 years		97,477	3.6			—	—
Non-Agency MBS Portfolio:
Floating-rate MBS (less than 3 months)(2)		20,757	0.8			269,910	10.9
Hybrid MBS		5,432	0.2			—	—
Fixed-rate MBS		255,498	9.5			—	—
Total MBS Portfolio	$	2,681,946	100.0	%	$	2,473,134	100.0	%

(1) Based on when they contractually reprice and does not consider the effect of any prepayments.

(2) Floating-rate Non-Agency MBS are based on 1-month LIBOR.

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At December 31, 2019, our MBS and the related borrowings will prospectively reprice based on the following time frames:

December 31, 2019

	Investments(1)				Borrowings
			Percentage of				Percentage of
	Amount		Total Investments		Amount		Total Borrowings
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Agency MBS Portfolio:
Investment Type/Rate Reset Dates:
15-year fixed-rate investments	$	48,226	1.2	%	$	—	—	%
20-year fixed-rate investments		194,577	4.7			—	—
30-year fixed-rate investments		2,477,780	59.6			—	—
Adjustable-Rate Investments/Obligations:
Less than 3 months		62,788	1.5			3,230,000	88.3
Greater than 3 months and less than 1 year		429,685	10.3			—	—
Greater than 1 year and less than 3 years		68,650	1.7			—	—
Greater than 3 years and less than 5 years		126,949	3.1			—	—
Greater than 5 years		101,396	2.4			—	—
Non-Agency MBS Portfolio:
Floating-rate MBS (less than 3 months)(2)		42,978	1.0			427,873	11.7
Hybrid MBS		18,717	0.5			—	—
Fixed-rate MBS		581,915	14.0			—	—
Total MBS Portfolio	$	4,153,661	100.0	%	$	3,657,873	100.0	%

(1) Based on when they contractually reprice and does not consider the effect of any prepayments.

(2) Floating-rate Non-Agency MBS are based on 1-month LIBOR.

Market Risk

Market Value Risk

Our Agency MBS are classified as available-for-sale assets. As such, they are reflected at fair value (i.e., market value) with the periodic adjustment to fair value (that is not considered to be an other-than-temporary impairment) reflected as part of “Accumulated other comprehensive income” that is included in the equity section of our accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets. The market value of our assets can fluctuate due to changes in interest rates and other factors. At March 31, 2020, the fair value adjustment of our Agency MBS reflected in AOCI increased to a positive adjustment (other comprehensive income) of approximately $72.7 million, from a positive adjustment (other comprehensive income) of approximately $43.6 million at December 31, 2019.

Our Non-Agency MBS are classified as trading securities and are carried at fair value. Changes in fair value are recorded through earnings. The market value of these securities can fluctuate based on changes in interest rates and other factors. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the unrealized loss on these securities due to changes in fair value were approximately $60 million.

Real Estate Risk

Non-Agency MBS and residential property values are subject to volatility and may be affected adversely by a number of factors including national, regional and local economic conditions; local real estate conditions (such as an oversupply of housing); changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; construction quality; age and design; demographic factors; and retroactive changes to building or similar codes. Decreases in property values reduce the value of the collateral for mortgage loans and the potential proceeds available to borrowers to repay the loans, which

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could cause us to suffer losses on our loan investments and cash shortfalls on the payments related to our Non-Agency MBS.

Liquidity Risk

Our primary liquidity risk arises from financing long-maturity MBS with short-term debt. The interest rates on our borrowings generally adjust more frequently than the interest rates on our adjustable-rate MBS. For example, at March 31, 2020, our Agency MBS had a weighted average term to next rate adjustment of approximately 25 months, while our repurchase agreement borrowings had a weighted average term to next rate adjustment of 29 days. After adjusting for interest rate swap transactions, the weighted average term to next rate adjustment on our repurchase agreement borrowings was 859 days. Accordingly, in a period of rising interest rates, our borrowing costs will usually increase faster than our interest earnings from MBS. As a result, we could experience a decrease in net income or a net loss during these periods. Our assets that are pledged to secure short-term borrowings are high-quality liquid assets. As a result, we have been able to roll over our short-term borrowings as they mature. There can be no assurance that we will always be able to roll over our short-term debt.

During the past several years, there have been continuing liquidity and credit concerns surrounding the mortgage markets and the general global economy. While the U.S. government and other foreign governments have taken various actions to address these concerns, there are also concerns about the ability of the U.S. government to reduce its budget deficit as well as possible future rating downgrades of U.S. sovereign debt and government-sponsored agency debt. In August 2019, Congress agreed to increase the spending caps by $320 billion and also to remove the debt ceiling limit for two years. This bill was signed by President Trump. A failure by the U.S. government to reach agreement on future budgets and debt ceilings, reduce its budget deficit, or a future downgrade of U.S. sovereign debt and government-sponsored agencies’ debt, could have a material adverse effect on the U.S. economy and the global economy. These events could have a material adverse effect on our borrowing costs, the availability of financing, and the liquidity and valuation of securities in general, and also on the securities in our portfolio. As a result, there continues to be concerns about the potential impact on product availability, liquidity, interest rates, and changes in the yield curve. While we have been able to meet all of our liquidity needs to date, there are still concerns in the mortgage sector about the availability of financing generally.

The coronavirus pandemic caused much volatility in the mortgage market. Perceived negative effects to the economy caused declining market values. We sold a significant amount of our Non-Agency MBS to reduce leverage, maintain adequate liquidity, pay-down our balances with our repurchase agreement lenders, and preserve over-collateralization for our repurchase agreement lenders.

At March 31, 2020, we had unrestricted cash of approximately $55.6 million, $80.8 million in unpledged Agency MBS, and $3.7 million in unpledged Non-Agency MBS available to meet margin calls on short-term borrowings that could be caused by asset value declines or changes in lender collateralization requirements.

Prepayment Risk

Prepayments are the full or partial repayment of principal prior to the original term to maturity of a mortgage loan and typically occur due to refinancing of mortgage loans. Prepayment rates on mortgage-related securities and mortgage loans vary from time to time and may cause changes in the amount of our net operating income. Prepayments of ARM loans usually can be expected to increase when mortgage interest rates fall below the then-current interest rates on such loans and decrease when mortgage interest rates exceed the then-current interest rate on such loans, although such effects are not entirely predictable. Prepayment rates may also be affected by the conditions in the housing and financial markets, general economic conditions and the relative interest rates on fixed-rate loans and ARM loans underlying MBS. The purchase prices of our mortgage-related investments are generally based upon assumptions regarding the expected amounts and rates of prepayments. Where slow prepayment assumptions are made, we may pay a premium for our mortgage-related investments. To the extent such assumptions differ from the actual amounts of prepayments, we could experience reduced earnings or losses. The total prepayment of any of our mortgage-related investments purchased at a premium by us would result in the immediate write-off of any remaining capitalized premium amount and a reduction of our net operating income by such amount. In addition, in the event that we are unable to acquire new mortgage-related

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investments to replace the prepaid mortgage-related investments, our financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations could be harmed.

We often purchase mortgage-related assets that have a higher interest rate than the market interest rate at the time. In exchange for this higher interest rate, we must pay a premium over par value to acquire these assets. In accordance with accounting rules, we amortize this premium over the term of the mortgage-related investments. As we receive repayments of mortgage principal, we amortize the premium balances as a reduction to our income. If the mortgage loans underlying mortgage-related investments were prepaid at a faster rate than we anticipate, we would amortize the premium at a faster rate. This would reduce our income.

Credit Risk

We review credit risk and other risks of loss associated with each of our potential investments. In addition, we may diversify our portfolio of mortgage-related assets to avoid undue geographic, insurer, industry and certain other types of concentrations. We believe that our investment strategy will generally keep our risk of credit losses low to moderate. However, credit losses on the mortgages underlying our Non-Agency MBS can impact the payments we receive and the accrual of income, and can also factor into an affect the market valuation of these securities.

We retain the risk of potential credit losses on all of our residential mortgage loans. We seek to manage this risk by reviewing key loan credit metrics including, but not limited to, payment status, current loan-to-value ratios, current borrower credit scores, and debt yields. These characteristics assist us in determining the likelihood and severity of loan loss as well as prepayment and extension expectations. We then perform structural analysis under multiple scenarios to establish likely cash flow profiles and credit enhancement levels relative to collateral performance projections. This analysis allows us to quantify our opinions of credit quality and fundamental value, which are key drivers of portfolio management decisions.

General

Many assumptions are made to present the information in the table below and, as such, there can be no assurance that assumed events will occur, or that other events that could affect the outcomes will not occur; therefore, the tables below and all related disclosures constitute forward-looking statements.

The analyses presented utilize assumptions and estimates based on management’s judgment and experience. Furthermore, future sales, acquisitions and restructuring could materially change the interest rate risk profile for us. The table quantifies the potential changes in net income and portfolio value should interest rates immediately change (are “shocked”) and remain at the new level for the next twelve months. The results of interest rate shocks of plus and minus 100 and 200 basis points are presented. The cash flows from our portfolio of mortgage-related assets for each rate shock scenario are projected, based on a variety of assumptions including prepayment speeds, time until coupon reset, yield on future acquisitions, slope of the yield curve and size of the portfolio. Assumptions made on the interest rate-sensitive liabilities, which are repurchase agreements, include anticipated interest rates (no negative rates are utilized), collateral requirements as a percent of the repurchase agreement and amount of borrowing. Assumptions made in calculating the impact on net asset value of interest rate shocks include projected changes in U.S. Treasury interest rates, prepayment rates and the yield spread of mortgage-related assets relative to prevailing U.S. Treasury interest rates.

Tabular Presentation

The information presented in the following table projects the impact of instantaneous parallel shifts in interest rates on our annual projected net interest income (relative to the unchanged interest rate scenario) and the impact of the same instantaneous parallel shifts on our projected MBS portfolio value (the value of our assets, including the value of any derivative instruments or hedges, such as interest rate swaps). These projections are based on investments in place at March 31, 2020 and include all of our interest rate sensitive assets, liabilities, and hedges, such as interest rate swaps.

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		Percentage Change in		Percentage Change in
Change in Interest Rates		Projected Net Interest Income		Projected Portfolio Value
(2)	%	(41)	%	(1.5)	%
(1)	%	(27)	%	(0.8)	%
0	%	0	%	0	%
1	%	32	%	0.5	%
2	%	52	%	(0.2)	%

Item 4.     Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a‑15(e) and 15d‑15(e) under the Exchange Act) designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported on a timely basis.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness in design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of the end of such period, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.      Legal Proceedings.

We are currently not a party to any material pending legal proceedings.

Item 1A.      Risk Factors.

The following are new risk factors to those previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. The materialization of any risks and uncertainties identified below and in our forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, together with those previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, or those that are presently unforeseen, could result in material and adverse effects on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. See Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Forward-Looking Statements,” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Risks Related to Recent or Potential Economic, Legislative, and Regulatory Developments Affecting our Industry

The outbreak of the global coronavirus pandemic has caused much economic upheaval, both globally and in the United States. Despite the efforts of federal and state governments to contain the disease, and also to provide economic assistance to states, local communities, lenders, businesses, and individuals, the disease has had  a significant negative effect on the economy, and in particular, the stock market and the mortgage market. While the longer-term effects on the economy and the stock and mortgage markets cannot be determined at this time, our Company, our stock price, our book value, our assets, and our results of operations may be materially and adversely impacted by these events.

The outbreak of COVID-19, or the Coronavirus, has resulted in a global pandemic. Federal, state, and local governments, both domestic and foreign, have restricted travel and/or the movement of their citizens, due to the ongoing and evolving situation around COVID-19. The outbreak in the U.S. has led to many state and local governments cancelling events, closing schools, and mandating stay-at-home orders. This has caused many businesses to either temporarily or permanently close which, in response, has caused millions of Americans to file for unemployment benefits. State and local governments have been working with the Federal government to mitigate both the health and economic consequences of the disease. In working with the Federal government, many lenders have been offering forbearance agreements to borrowers who cannot make their mortgage payments and are delaying foreclosures. Many landlords have delayed evictions for tenants who cannot pay their rent. The Federal government lowered the Federal Funds rate to zero and injected trillions of dollars into the repurchase agreement and other lending markets. The U.S. Congress passed the CARES Act, which provided $2.2 trillion in funds for banks to extend corporate loans for employees’ payroll and business continuity. As a result of the pandemic and its economic impact, financial markets, including the mortgage market, experienced substantial declines and heightened volatility. While the longer-term effects on the U.S. economy, the stock market, and the mortgage market cannot be determined at this time, our Company, our stock price, our book value, our assets, and our results of operations may be materially and adversely impacted by these events.

Risks Related to Our Financing and Leverage

Our ability to access funding, or the terms on which funding is available, could be materially and adversely impacted in light of the ongoing market discolorations resulting from the Coronavirus pandemic.

Financing of our assets could be significantly impacted during periods of significant market dislocations, as is occurring now with the Coronavirus pandemic. It is possible that our financing counterparties may reduce their lending capacity and not provide us with financing, or if they do provide financing, it could be on more restrictive terms. If our funding ability is reduced, we could be forced to sell assets at times when prices are lower. The amount of financing that we receive under our lending arrangements is related to our counterparties’ valuation of our assets that collateralize the financing. If the valuation of the assets decreases, the counterparty could require additional margin calls, and also require

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additional collateral if they increase the haircuts under the lending agreements. In these situations, we could be forced to sell assets at lower prices to meet such margin calls and to maintain adequate liquidity, which could cause significant losses.

Item 2.      Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3.      Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4.      Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5.      Other Information.

(a) Additional Disclosures. None.

(b) Stockholder Nominations. There have been no material changes to the procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to our Board during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Please see the discussion of our procedures in our most recent proxy statement filed with the SEC on March 16, 2020 as DEF 14A.

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Item 6.      Exhibits. 

The following exhibits are either filed herewith or incorporated herein by reference:

Exhibit Number	Description
1.1	At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, dated August 10, 2016, among Anworth, Anworth Management LLC and FBR Capital Markets & Co. (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on August 10, 2016)
3.1	Amended Articles of Incorporation of Anworth (incorporated by reference from our Registration Statement on Form S‑11, Registration No. 333‑38641, which became effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, on March 12, 1998)
3.2	Articles of Amendment to Amended Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference from our Definitive Proxy Statement filed, pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, with the SEC on May 14, 2003)
3.3	Articles of Amendment to Amended Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on May 28, 2008)
3.4	Amended Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on March 13, 2009)
3.5	Amendment of Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on April 1, 2014)
3.6	Articles Supplementary for Series A Cumulative Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on November 3, 2004)
3.7	Articles Supplementary for Series A Cumulative Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on January 21, 2005)
3.8	Articles Supplementary for Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on January 30, 2007)
3.9	Articles Supplementary for Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on May 21, 2007)
3.10	Articles Supplementary for Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference from our Registration Statement on Form 8‑A filed with the SEC on January 23, 2015)
3.11	Articles Supplementary for Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on March 6, 2015)
4.1	Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference from our Registration Statement on Form S‑11, Registration No. 333‑38641, which became effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, on March 12, 1998)
4.2	Specimen Series A Cumulative Preferred Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on November 3, 2004)

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Exhibit Number	Description
4.3	Specimen Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on January 30, 2007)
4.4	Specimen Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference from our Registration Statement on Form 8‑A filed with the SEC on January 23, 2015)
4.5	Specimen Anworth Capital Trust I Floating Rate Preferred Stock Certificate (liquidation amount $1,000 per Preferred Security) (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2005)
4.6	Specimen Anworth Capital Trust I Floating Rate Common Stock Certificate (liquidation amount $1,000 per Common Security) (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2005)
4.7	Specimen Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Note Due 2035 (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2005)
4.8	Junior Subordinated Indenture dated as of March 15, 2005 between Anworth and JPMorgan Chase Bank (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2005)
10.1*	2014 Equity Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference from our Registration Statement on Form S‑8 filed with the SEC on August 5, 2014)
10.2*	2007 Dividend Equivalent Rights Plan (incorporated by reference from our Definitive Proxy Statement filed, pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, with the SEC on April 26, 2007)
10.3*	2018 Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference from our Registration Statement on Form S‑3, Registration No. 333‑223697, which became effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, on March 26, 2018)
10.4	Purchase Agreement dated as of March 15, 2005, by and among Anworth, Anworth Capital Trust I, TABERNA Preferred Funding I, Ltd., and Merrill Lynch International (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2005)
10.5	Second Amended and Restated Trust Agreement dated as of September 26, 2005 by and among Anworth, JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, Chase Bank USA, National Association, Lloyd McAdams, Joseph E. McAdams, Thad Brown, and the several Holders, as defined therein (incorporated by reference from our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, as filed with the SEC on March 16, 2006)
10.6*	Change in Control and Arbitration Agreement, dated June 27, 2006, between Anworth and Charles J. Siegel (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on June 28, 2006), as amended by Amendment to Anworth Mortgage Asset Corporation Change in Control and Arbitration Agreement, effective December 31, 2011, between Anworth and Charles J. Siegel (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on January 3, 2012)
10.7	Amended and Restated Administrative Services Agreement dated August 20, 2010, between Anworth and PIA (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on August 20, 2010)

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Exhibit Number	Description
10.8	Management Agreement dated as of December 31, 2011 by and between Anworth and Anworth Management LLC (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8‑K filed with the SEC on January 3, 2012)
31.1	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer, as required by Rule 13a‑14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
31.2	Certification of the Principal Financial Officer, as required by Rule 13a‑14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
32.1	Certifications of the Principal Executive Officer provided pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2	Certifications of the Principal Financial Officer provided pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101	XBRL Instance Document
101	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101	XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
101	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

*Represents a management contract or compensatory plan, contract, or arrangement in which any director or any of the named executives participates.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	ANWORTH MORTGAGE ASSET CORPORATION
Dated: May 11, 2020	/s/  JOSEPH E. MCADAMS
	Joseph E. McAdams
	Chief Executive Officer and President
	(Principal Executive Officer)
Dated: May 11, 2020	/s/  CHARLES J. SIEGEL
	Charles J. Siegel
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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