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F5 Networks, Inc. |
Conflict Minerals Report |
Year Ended December 31, 2019 |
Introduction
This Conflict Minerals Report (the "Report") for F5 Networks, Inc. ("F5 Networks," "F5," the "Company," "we," "us," and "our") is presented for the reporting period from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 to comply with Rule 13p-1 (the "Rule") under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. For the purpose of the Reasonable Country of Origin Inquiry ("RCOI"), we initiated supply chain inquiries in December 2019 and continued to receive data through May 07, 2020. F5 maintains an ongoing data gathering and refresh program to ensure up to date data is captured throughout the year. For the purpose of this report, conflict minerals are defined as cassiterite, columbite-tantalite, gold, wolframite, and their derivatives, which are limited to tin, tantalum, tungsten, and gold (collectively, "3TG").
This year, we received responses from 92% of our in-scope suppliers. After validation and removal of incomplete or invalid submissions, we received an acceptable, completed Conflict Minerals Reporting Template ("CMRT") from 71% of our in-scope suppliers, and were able to determine 17% of suppliers were not using any 3TG. 3% of the suppliers provided incomplete or invalid submissions. representing 87% of our in-scope supplied components.
As a downstream user of conflict minerals, we are dependent on our suppliers for information, and the list of smelters reported by F5 should be seen as a list of possible sources, rather than a complete record of known source locations. More information on how we determined which suppliers were in scope is available in this report.
A smelter list, CMRT form, and other corporate social responsibility information is available at www.f5.com/about-us/corporate-social-responsibility.
Forward Looking Statements
This report includes forward looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward looking statements provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Forward looking statements can also be identified by words such as "expects," "plans," "intends," "will," "may," and similar terms. Forward looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. F5 assumes no obligation to revise or update any forward looking statements for any reason, except as required by law. Subsequent events may affect F5’s future determinations under Rule 13p-1.
About F5 Networks
F5 Networks is a leader in multi-cloud application services. Our software and hardware solutions enable every application, anywhere to go faster, smarter, and safer. We serve mid-to-large enterprise, public sector, and service provider customers around the globe.
Our core technology includes a full-proxy, programmable, massively-scalable software platform called TMOS (Traffic Management Operating System). The core features and functions of TMOS enable our products to inspect and modify the content of IP traffic flows at network speeds to deliver a range of application services. Our programmable interface, called iRules, allows customers and third parties to write customized rules to inspect, manage and modify traffic.
These solutions are available as software modules that can run individually or as part of an integrated solution on our high-performance, scalable, purpose-built BIG-IP appliances and chassis-based VIPRION systems; or as software-only Virtual Editions that run in public and private clouds. Our Silverline managed service offerings allow customers to subscribe to online denial-of-service protection and web application firewall services. Our BIG-IQ centralized management offering gives customers the flexibility to create a secure hybrid infrastructure with consistent policies and centralized management across multiple cloud platforms as well as traditional data centers.
Supply Chain Overview
F5 relies upon our suppliers to provide material declarations and information on the origin of 3TG contained in components and materials supplied to us, including materials and 3TG from sub-tier suppliers. As most suppliers provide company-level declarations, there are many smelters listed that may not actually be in the supply chain of the components used by F5.
We contracted with Assent Compliance ("Assent") to gather data from our suppliers as well as to provide our suppliers training on the reporting rules and guidance on completing the CMRT form. We utilized the standard Responsible Business Alliance Global e-Sustainability Initiative ("RBA-GeSI") Conflict Minerals Reporting Template version 5.12 developed by the Responsible Minerals Initiative ("RMI") and requested that all suppliers complete the form. Suppliers that are known or suspected to provide components that contain 3TG were considered undetermined unless a completed CMRT form was received. Suppliers known not to use metal in products sourced by F5 Networks were asked to provide a CMRT form, even if only to state no use. In cases where these suppliers did not provide a CMRT form, but a material declaration or comparable documentation is on file demonstrating no 3TG use, they were considered out of scope. Packaging suppliers are out of scope, and though we have asked for CMRT forms for our own records they are excluded from this declaration and the data provided herein.
Reasonable Country of Origin Inquiry
To determine whether necessary 3TG in our products originated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or an adjoining country (the "Covered Countries"), we provided a list of suppliers associated with the Covered Products to Assent for upload to the Assent Compliance Manager tool ("ACM").
We utilized the RBA-GeSI CMRT version 5.12 to conduct a survey of all in scope suppliers. During the supplier survey, we contacted suppliers via the ACM, to which suppliers uploaded their completed CMRTs for assessment and management by Assent. The use of the CMRT allowed for some elimination of irrelevant suppliers. Specifically, Question 1 of the CMRT asks suppliers whether any of the 3TGs they use are necessary to the functionality or production of their products. We also periodically reviewed the supplier list to ensure that irrelevant or "out of scope" suppliers were removed from the survey process. We conducted this analysis based on the following criteria:
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• | The company supplies packaging only (excluding labels) |
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• | The company supplies us with items that do not end up in our products (including equipment used to make our products or those used strictly on prototypes) |
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• | The company is a test lab |
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• | The company is a service provider only |
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• | The company is listed as a supplier, but no components were purchased for use in F5 products during the reporting period and preceding 12 months. |
We requested that all suppliers complete a CMRT and included training and education (provided by Assent) to guide suppliers on best practices and the use of this template. Assent monitored and tracked all communications in the ACM for future reporting and transparency. We directly contacted suppliers that were unresponsive to Assent’s communications during the diligence process and requested such suppliers to complete the CMRT form and submit their form to Assent.
For 2019 we included automated data validation on all submitted CMRTs. The goal of data validation is to increase the accuracy of submissions and identify any contradictory answers in the CMRT. This data validation is based on:
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• | Questions 1 and 2 are minimum requirements for the CMRT |
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◦ | If suppliers state (via Question 1 and Question 2) that their products do not contain 3TGs necessary to the function or production of said products, then no further information is required, and no further data validation is completed. |
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• | Question 3 - Do any of your 3TGs originate from the Covered Countries? |
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◦ | Any supplier that has any 3TGs from the Covered Countries, even one positive response from their supply chain must answer yes. |
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• | Question 4 - Is 100% of the 3TG in question from a recycled source? |
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• | Question 5 - Have you received information from all relevant 3TG Suppliers? |
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◦ | If you are not at 100%, then you can’t make definitive statements for Questions 3, 4 and 6. |
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• | Question 6 - Have you identified all of your Smelters and refiners? |
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◦ | If the answer here is yes, then question 5 must be yes. This also impacts question 3. |
All submitted forms are accepted and classified as valid or invalid so that data is still retained. Suppliers are contacted with regards to invalid forms and are encouraged to submit a valid form. As of May 07, 2020, there were 6 invalid or incomplete supplier submissions that could not be corrected.
Assent compared the list of smelters and refiners provided in our suppliers’ responses to the lists of smelters maintained by the RMI and, if a supplier indicated that a facility was certified as conflict-free, confirmed that the facility was listed on RMI’s list of validated conflict free smelters and refiners of 3TG. Our suppliers identified a total of 296 smelters and refiners. Of those, 234 are currently conformant to the Responsible Minerals Audit Process (RMAP) run by RMI Based on information provided by RMI, a further 4 have agreed to undergo or are currently undergoing a third-party audit. Most of the CMRTs we received were made on a company or division level basis which did not allow us to identify which smelters or refiners listed by our suppliers actually processed the 3TG contained in our products.
Based on the RCOI, we had reason to believe that some of the 3TGs may have originated from the Covered Countries. In accordance with the Rule, we performed due diligence on the source and chain of custody of the conflict minerals in question.
Design of Due Diligence
We designed our due diligence measures to conform, in all material respects, with the framework in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD") Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict Affected and High-Risk Areas ("the Guidance") and the related Supplements for gold, tin, tantalum, and tungsten. The Guidance identifies five steps for due diligence that should be implemented and provides guidance as to how to achieve each step. We developed our due diligence process to address each of these five steps:
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1. | Establishing strong company management systems regarding conflict minerals; |
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2. | Identifying and assessing risks in our supply chain; |
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3. | Designing and implementing a strategy to respond to identified risks in our supply chain; |
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4. | Utilizing independent third-party audits of supply chain diligence; and |
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5. | Publicly reporting on our supply chain due diligence. |
Company Management System
Company Policies
All suppliers in our manufacturing supply chain are required to provide products that meet the requirements laid out in F5’s Conflict Minerals Policy which can be found on our website at https://f5.com/about-us/corporate-social-responsibility.
Conflict Minerals Policy (as of May 11, 2020):
As a global company, we know the business of F5 has impacts throughout our world-wide value chain. The Dodd-Frank Consumer Protection and Wall Street Reform Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act") found that the exploitation and trade of Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten, and Gold ("conflict minerals") were helping to finance extreme levels of violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo ("DRC"). The Dodd-Frank Act requires public companies to conduct due diligence and make certain disclosures regarding use of the conflict minerals.
F5 requires suppliers using any of the four conflict minerals sourced from the DRC or an adjoining country to use only materials which are certified Conflict Free through the Conflict Free Smelter Initiative or a comparable process.
We are committed to eliminating conflict minerals from our manufacturing supply chain through use of widely adopted best practices, including:
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• | Establishing a conflict minerals compliance program consistent with the OECD Due Diligence guidance for downstream companies |
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• | Determining which F5 suppliers use the above-mentioned conflict minerals and targeting our efforts accordingly |
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• | Requiring all affected suppliers to provide a Conflict Minerals Reporting Template to the social responsibility team for review |
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• | When instances of non-compliant suppliers arise, working with those suppliers through our manufacturing supply chain team to ensure corrective actions are undertaken promptly and effectively |
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• | Filing an annual Form SD with the Securities and Exchange Commission through our financial reporting group, which will include updates on progress towards being conflict free and details of any corrective actions taken in the reporting year |
Developing total transparency in the supply chain takes time, and correcting suppliers’ use of non-certified conflict minerals as it arises requires commitment. We are confident our efforts, combined with the rest of the industry will result in substantive impacts for the people of the DRC and surrounding region.
Management Team
Management for the conflict minerals program at F5 is the responsibility of the corporate social responsibility team, which is a part of the manufacturing department. This team works closely with peers in manufacturing, manufacturing supply chain, and product design.
The corporate social responsibility team oversees gathering CMRTs, performing assessments of the CMRTs, following up with suppliers, filing the conflict minerals report, working with F5’s contract manufacturer to determine purchase history and supplier use, and maintaining up-to-date information on conflict minerals regulations. As discussed earlier in this report, some of those responsibilities have been outsourced to Assent.
The supply chain team (within manufacturing) is responsible for keeping up to date contacts with suppliers and managing contracts with suppliers with which F5 has contracts. F5 does not have contracts with all suppliers, but all contracts that are in place include conflict minerals requirements.
The product development team, particularly the team of component engineers, is responsible for maintaining up to date supplier lists and bills of materials. When a new supplier is added, they notify the corporate social responsibility team so due diligence can commence. When a supplier must be removed due to conflict minerals use, the corporate social responsibility team engages the component engineering and product development teams to develop and implement a phase-out plan including timeline and alternate supplier qualification.
Grievance Mechanism
Possible violations of this policy or other related concerns can be reported through F5 Networks corporate social responsibility team and will be investigated.
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• | Via email: corpresponsibility@f5.com |
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• | Via phone at +1 (206) 272-5555, x3588 |
Reports also may be made anonymously to the F5 Ethics Point portal.
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• | Online at f5.ethicspoint.com |
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• | By telephone at +1 (855) 409-0947 |
Suppliers and other parties may contact us at corpresponsibility@f5.com with conflict minerals questions or concerns.
Supplier Engagement
Design Process
F5 selects suppliers for a variety of performance criteria, including compliance. Initial screening of suppliers covers basic compliance criteria, including an ability to provide a CMRT to F5 though that CMRT is not reviewed as part of the new supplier process.
After selection, parts are integrated into prototype bills of materials and then integrated into regular, ongoing data collection performed by the corporate social responsibility team. This includes conflict minerals compliance and full material declarations.
Incorporation into Production Bill of Materials
Once listed on a prototype or production bill of materials, a supplier is added to our surveys of compliance information. It is at this point Assent is engaged to procure a CMRT from the supplier. Assent utilizes contact information provided by F5 as well as contacts from other downstream users to initiate contact with a supplier. In the event a supplier is unfamiliar with conflict minerals reporting, Assent provides training on how to properly fill out a CMRT and guidance on how that supplier can perform their own supply chain due diligence.
Maintenance of Data
After completion, F5 holds CMRTs in the ACM. These documents will be held, at a minimum, for the required period as dictated by the SEC.
As long as a supplier remains on a bill of materials for a product still in production and with an active purchase history within the prior two years, F5 will continue to gather a new CMRT every year. This ensures changes in suppliers’ practices have not resulted in a change in conflict mineral sourcing status.
Due Diligence for Calendar Year 2019
Risk Assessment
Of the suppliers deemed in scope, we found the majority to be responsive with continually improving data and coverage year over year.
Once received, a CMRT is reviewed for a variety of red flags including those listed in the OECD guidance for downstream companies. This includes, but is not limited to:
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• | Determining the legitimacy of all smelters listed through a variety of validated smelter lists such as those maintained by the RMI. |
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• | Maintaining an up to date list of certified conflict-free smelters and checking reported smelters against that list. |
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• | Determining if a smelter, even if outside the Covered Countries, lists source material from the Covered Countries. |
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• | Flagging smelters and suppliers listing recycled, scrap, or bank sources of materials. |
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• | Flagging smelters and suppliers with unfixed inconsistencies in their forms. |
Assent provides potential corrective action guidance to suppliers with data inconsistencies and errors; the average CMRT has been reviewed three times by Assent and the providing supplier prior to receipt of that CMRT by F5. F5 monitors this process through updates from Assent and advises on action for suppliers whose data has not met Assent’s basic threshold for trustworthiness.
Supplier Risk
Suppliers that have not improved the percent of their supply chain surveyed, provided data showing they are not conflict free, or provided metals from other sanctioned countries were considered high-risk.
High-risk suppliers have been contacted throughout 2019 so F5 can monitor progress on removing smelters not shown to be conflict free or sourcing material from sanctioned countries.
As per the OECD Due Diligence Guidance, risk mitigation will depend on the supplier’s specific context. Suppliers are given clear performance objectives within reasonable timeframes with the goal of progressive elimination of these risks from the supply chain.
Additionally, suppliers are evaluated on program strength (further assisting in identifying risk in the supply chain). Evaluating and tracking the strength of the program meets the OECD Due Diligence Guidelines and can assist in making key risk mitigation decisions as the program progresses. The criteria used to evaluate the strength of the program are:
A. Have you established a conflict minerals sourcing policy?
E. Have you implemented due diligence measures for conflict-free sourcing?
G. Do you review due diligence information received from your suppliers against your company’s expectations?
H. Does your review process include corrective action management?
When suppliers meet or exceed those criteria (yes to at least A, E, G, and H), they are deemed to have a strong program. When suppliers do not meet those criteria, they are deemed to have a weak program. At this time, 12 of our suppliers have been identified as having a weak program, which represents a slight improvement from the prior year.
Smelter Risk
Furthermore, smelters or refiners not being certified DRC Conflict Free pose a significant risk to the supply chain. Each facility that meets the RMI definition of a smelter or refiner of a 3TG mineral is assigned a risk of high, medium or low based on 3 scoring criteria:
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• | Geographic proximity to the DRC and covered countries; |
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• | Responsible Minerals Assurance Process (RMAP) audit status; |
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• | Known or plausible evidence of unethical or conflict sourcing. |
Based on these criteria, the following facilities have been identified with a red-flag risks of highest concern into their supply chain:
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• | African Gold Refinery Limited (AGR) - CID003185 |
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• | Fidelity Printers and Refiners - CID002515 |
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• | Sudan Gold Refinery - CID002567 |
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• | Tony Goetz NV - CID002587 |
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• | Kaloti Metals - CID002563 |
When these facilities were reported on a CMRT by one of the suppliers surveyed, risk mitigation activities were initiated. Through our third-party vendor, Assent Compliance, submissions that include any facilities with the above conditions immediately produce a receipt instructing the supplier to take their own risk mitigation actions, including submission of a product specific CMRT to better identify the connection to products that they supply to F5 Networks, and escalating up to removal of these high-risk smelters from their supply chain.
Strategy to Respond to Risks
Together with Assent, we developed processes to assess and respond to the risks identified in our supply chain.
Non-Responsive Suppliers
As the conflict minerals due diligence progresses, escalations are sent to non-responsive suppliers to outline the importance of a response via CMRTs and to outline the required cooperation for compliance to the Conflict Minerals rules. Assent provides training on conflict minerals and filling out a CMRT.
Various reasons have been presented for why a supplier does not respond, but the most frequent is out of date contact information. In this case, F5's social responsibility team and supply chain team gather up to date supplier contact information. F5’s contract manufacturer, Flex, may be asked to provide their contact with suppliers. Working with Flex also helps eliminate some confusion with suppliers requiring purchase orders to provide information; Flex is typically the purchaser of record, even though F5 maintains design control.
Suppliers with Persistent Issues
When suppliers continue to provide CMRTs to Assent or F5 that list high risk, out of date, or other illegitimate smelters, F5 will follow up with that supplier and request that supplier work to remove those smelters from their supply chain.
In the event those suppliers continue to provide CMRTs with the same issue for a period of 18 months, the supply chain team begins to qualify different suppliers and will work to make a responsive supplier the preferred component on the bill of materials. Assent also directly contacts smelters and refiners that are not currently enrolled in the RMAP to encourage their participation and gather information regarding each facility's sourcing practices on behalf of its compliance partners. In the
event after multiple attempts, a smelter does not engage in the RMAP, and a supplier continues to use metal from that smelter F5 may entirely phase out the supplier.
While we were not successful in completely eliminating those smelters from our supply chain, we have seen a slight reduction in the number of suppliers claiming those smelters.
Public Reporting on Supply Chain Due Diligence
Results
During the reporting period, F5 had 188 actively purchased suppliers listed on our bills of materials. 133 of those in scope provided CMRTs that were accepted by F5, and an additional 33 were deemed out of scope. Six suppliers provided incomplete or invalid submissions. This represents a 91% percent response rate. With coverage above 90 percent, we feel we have met an acceptable threshold for F5 to consider the data gathering for the period to be complete and a success.
Attached as Appendix A is a list of all smelters and refiners listed by our suppliers in their completed CMRTs that appear on the lists of smelters maintained by the RMI. Most of the CMRTs we received from our suppliers were made on a company or division level basis, rather than on a product-level basis. Because we rely on data from our suppliers and not all suppliers are in each product, our list of processing smelters and refiners disclosed in Appendix A may contain more facilities than contained in any one of our products.
Appendix B includes an aggregated list of the countries of origin from which the reported facilities collectively source conflict minerals, based on information provided by suppliers and the RMI. As mentioned in the above section, many responses were provided at the company level, therefore, Appendix B may contain more countries than those that our products are being sourced from.
Determination of Conflict Status
For the reporting period ending December 31, 2019, F5 has not been found to be conflict free. This determination stems primarily from two sources of concern:
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• | We still have smelters not listed as conflict free that are either located in or sourcing material in the conflict region. |
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• | We did not undergo an independent third-party audit for the reporting period, and thus cannot declare ourselves conflict free. |
As a downstream user of material, F5 does not purchase directly from smelters, or even directly from metals suppliers. As such, we are primarily reliant on entities in our supply chain to perform actual in-person audits of smelters. We search through listings on industry group sites, including the RMI and iTSCi and leverage the findings of those groups in our reporting.
Next Steps
During 2019, we experienced significant delays in response from suppliers due to the global COVID-19 crisis. This significantly adversely impacted our ability to follow up with suppliers regarding invalid or problematic submissions. However, we were still able to achieve above 90% response rate. During 2020, we will continue to improve our process, particularly focusing on timing of requests to ensure there is an ability to report complete data.
Appendix A
Below is the list of smelters listed on CMRTs of suppliers used by F5 during calendar year 2019.
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Metal | Smelter Name | Smelter Country | Smelter ID |
Gold | 8853 S.p.A. | ITALY | CID002763 |
Gold | Abington Reldan Metals, LLC | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID002708 |
Gold | Advanced Chemical Company | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID000015 |
Gold | African Gold Refinery | UGANDA | CID003185 |
Gold | Aida Chemical Industries Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | CID000019 |
Gold | Al Etihad Gold Refinery DMCC | UNITED ARAB EMIRATES | CID002560 |
Gold | Allgemeine Gold-und Silberscheideanstalt A.G. | GERMANY | CID000035 |
Gold | Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex (AMMC) | UZBEKISTAN | CID000041 |
Gold | AngloGold Ashanti Corrego do Sitio Mineracao | BRAZIL | CID000058 |
Gold | Argor-Heraeus S.A. | SWITZERLAND | CID000077 |
Gold | Asahi Pretec Corp. | JAPAN | CID000082 |
Gold | Asahi Refining Canada Ltd. | CANADA | CID000924 |
Gold | Asahi Refining USA Inc. | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID000920 |
Gold | Asaka Riken Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | CID000090 |
Gold | Atasay Kuyumculuk Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S. | TURKEY | CID000103 |
Gold | AU Traders and Refiners | SOUTH AFRICA | CID002850 |
Gold | Aurubis AG | GERMANY | CID000113 |
Gold | Bangalore Refinery | INDIA | CID002863 |
Gold | Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines) | PHILIPPINES | CID000128 |
Gold | Boliden AB | SWEDEN | CID000157 |
Gold | C. Hafner GmbH + Co. KG | GERMANY | CID000176 |
Gold | Caridad | MEXICO | CID000180 |
Gold | CCR Refinery - Glencore Canada Corporation | CANADA | CID000185 |
Gold | Cendres + Metaux S.A. | SWITZERLAND | CID000189 |
Gold | CGR Metalloys Pvt Ltd. | INDIA | CID003382 |
Gold | Chimet S.p.A. | ITALY | CID000233 |
Gold | Chugai Mining | JAPAN | CID000264 |
Gold | Daye Non-Ferrous Metals Mining Ltd. | CHINA | CID000343 |
Gold | Degussa Sonne / Mond Goldhandel GmbH | GERMANY | CID002867 |
Gold | Dijllah Gold Refinery FZC | UNITED ARAB EMIRATES | CID003348 |
Gold | DODUCO Contacts and Refining GmbH | GERMANY | CID000362 |
Gold | Dowa | JAPAN | CID000401 |
Gold | DS PRETECH Co., Ltd. | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | CID003195 |
Gold | DSC (Do Sung Corporation) | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | CID000359 |
Gold | Eco-System Recycling Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | CID000425 |
Gold | Smelter Not Listed | JAPAN | CID003424 |
Gold | Smelter Not Listed | JAPAN | CID003425 |
Gold | Emirates Gold DMCC | UNITED ARAB EMIRATES | CID002561 |
Gold | Fidelity Printers and Refiners Ltd. | ZIMBABWE | CID002515 |
Gold | Fujairah Gold FZC | UNITED ARAB EMIRATES | CID002584 |
Gold | GCC Gujrat Gold Centre Pvt. Ltd. | INDIA | CID002852 |
Gold | Geib Refining Corporation | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID002459 |
Gold | Gold Refinery of Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002243 |
Gold | Great Wall Precious Metals Co., Ltd. of CBPM | CHINA | CID001909 |
Gold | Guangdong Jinding Gold Limited | CHINA | CID002312 |
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Metal | Smelter Name | Smelter Country | Smelter ID |
Gold | Guoda Safina High-Tech Environmental Refinery Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000651 |
Gold | Hangzhou Fuchunjiang Smelting Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000671 |
Gold | Heimerle + Meule GmbH | GERMANY | CID000694 |
Gold | Heraeus Metals Hong Kong Ltd. | CHINA | CID000707 |
Gold | Heraeus Precious Metals GmbH & Co. KG | GERMANY | CID000711 |
Gold | Hunan Chenzhou Mining Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000767 |
Gold | Hunan Guiyang yinxing Nonferrous Smelting Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000773 |
Gold | HwaSeong CJ CO., LTD. | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | CID000778 |
Gold | Inner Mongolia Qiankun Gold and Silver Refinery Share Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000801 |
Gold | International Precious Metal Refiners | UNITED ARAB EMIRATES | CID002562 |
Gold | Ishifuku Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | CID000807 |
Gold | Istanbul Gold Refinery | TURKEY | CID000814 |
Gold | Italpreziosi | ITALY | CID002765 |
Gold | Japan Mint | JAPAN | CID000823 |
Gold | Jiangxi Copper Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000855 |
Gold | JSC Ekaterinburg Non-Ferrous Metal Processing Plant | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | CID000927 |
Gold | JSC Uralelectromed | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | CID000929 |
Gold | JX Nippon Mining & Metals Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | CID000937 |
Gold | Kaloti Precious Metals | UNITED ARAB EMIRATES | CID002563 |
Gold | Kazakhmys Smelting LLC | KAZAKHSTAN | CID000956 |
Gold | Kazzinc | KAZAKHSTAN | CID000957 |
Gold | Kennecott Utah Copper LLC | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID000969 |
Gold | KGHM Polska Miedz Spolka Akcyjna | POLAND | CID002511 |
Gold | Kojima Chemicals Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | CID000981 |
Gold | Korea Zinc Co., Ltd. | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | CID002605 |
Gold | Kyrgyzaltyn JSC | KYRGYZSTAN | CID001029 |
Gold | Kyshtym Copper-Electrolytic Plant ZAO | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | CID002865 |
Gold | L'azurde Company For Jewelry | SAUDI ARABIA | CID001032 |
Gold | Lingbao Gold Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID001056 |
Gold | Lingbao Jinyuan Tonghui Refinery Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID001058 |
Gold | L'Orfebre S.A. | ANDORRA | CID002762 |
Gold | LS-NIKKO Copper Inc. | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | CID001078 |
Gold | HeeSung Metal Ltd. | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | CID000689 |
Gold | Luoyang Zijin Yinhui Gold Refinery Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID001093 |
Gold | Marsam Metals | BRAZIL | CID002606 |
Gold | Materion | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID001113 |
Gold | Matsuda Sangyo Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | CID001119 |
Gold | Metalor Technologies (Hong Kong) Ltd. | CHINA | CID001149 |
Gold | Metalor Technologies (Singapore) Pte., Ltd. | SINGAPORE | CID001152 |
Gold | Metalor Technologies (Suzhou) Ltd. | CHINA | CID001147 |
Gold | Metalor Technologies S.A. | SWITZERLAND | CID001153 |
Gold | Metalor USA Refining Corporation | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID001157 |
Gold | Metalurgica Met-Mex Penoles S.A. De C.V. | MEXICO | CID001161 |
Gold | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | JAPAN | CID001188 |
Gold | Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | CID001193 |
Gold | MMTC-PAMP India Pvt., Ltd. | INDIA | CID002509 |
Gold | Modeltech Sdn Bhd | MALAYSIA | CID002857 |
Gold | Morris and Watson | NEW ZEALAND | CID002282 |
Gold | Moscow Special Alloys Processing Plant | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | CID001204 |
Gold | Nadir Metal Rafineri San. Ve Tic. A.S. | TURKEY | CID001220 |
Gold | Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combinat | UZBEKISTAN | CID001236 |
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Metal | Smelter Name | Smelter Country | Smelter ID |
Gold | NH Recytech Company | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | CID003189 |
Gold | Nihon Material Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | CID001259 |
Gold | Ogussa Osterreichische Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt GmbH | AUSTRIA | CID002779 |
Gold | Ohura Precious Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | CID001325 |
Gold | OJSC "The Gulidov Krasnoyarsk Non-Ferrous Metals Plant" (OJSC Krastsvetmet) | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | CID001326 |
Gold | OJSC Novosibirsk Refinery | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | CID000493 |
Gold | PAMP S.A. | SWITZERLAND | CID001352 |
Gold | Pease & Curren | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID002872 |
Gold | Penglai Penggang Gold Industry Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID001362 |
Gold | Planta Recuperadora de Metales SpA | CHILE | CID002919 |
Gold | Prioksky Plant of Non-Ferrous Metals | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | CID001386 |
Gold | PT Aneka Tambang (Persero) Tbk | INDONESIA | CID001397 |
Gold | PX Precinox S.A. | SWITZERLAND | CID001498 |
Gold | QG Refining, LLC | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID003324 |
Gold | Rand Refinery (Pty) Ltd. | SOUTH AFRICA | CID001512 |
Gold | Refinery of Seemine Gold Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000522 |
Gold | REMONDIS PMR B.V. | NETHERLANDS | CID002582 |
Gold | Royal Canadian Mint | CANADA | CID001534 |
Gold | SAAMP | FRANCE | CID002761 |
Gold | Sabin Metal Corp. | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID001546 |
Gold | Safimet S.p.A | ITALY | CID002973 |
Gold | SAFINA A.S. | CZECHIA | CID002290 |
Gold | Sai Refinery | INDIA | CID002853 |
Gold | Samduck Precious Metals | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | CID001555 |
Gold | Samwon Metals Corp. | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | CID001562 |
Gold | SAXONIA Edelmetalle GmbH | GERMANY | CID002777 |
Gold | SEMPSA Joyeria Plateria S.A. | SPAIN | CID001585 |
Gold | Shandong Humon Smelting Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002525 |
Gold | Shandong Tiancheng Biological Gold Industrial Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID001619 |
Gold | Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID001622 |
Gold | Sichuan Tianze Precious Metals Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID001736 |
Gold | Singway Technology Co., Ltd. | TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA | CID002516 |
Gold | SOE Shyolkovsky Factory of Secondary Precious Metals | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | CID001756 |
Gold | Solar Applied Materials Technology Corp. | TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA | CID001761 |
Gold | Sovereign Metals | INDIA | CID003383 |
Gold | State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology | LITHUANIA | CID003153 |
Gold | Sudan Gold Refinery | SUDAN | CID002567 |
Gold | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | CID001798 |
Gold | SungEel HiMetal Co., Ltd. | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | CID002918 |
Gold | T.C.A S.p.A | ITALY | CID002580 |
Gold | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. | JAPAN | CID001875 |
Gold | The Refinery of Shandong Gold Mining Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID001916 |
Gold | Tokuriki Honten Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | CID001938 |
Gold | Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID001947 |
Gold | Tony Goetz NV | BELGIUM | CID002587 |
Gold | TOO Tau-Ken-Altyn | KAZAKHSTAN | CID002615 |
Gold | Torecom | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | CID001955 |
Gold | Umicore Brasil Ltda. | BRAZIL | CID001977 |
Gold | Umicore Precious Metals Thailand | THAILAND | CID002314 |
Gold | Umicore S.A. Business Unit Precious Metals Refining | BELGIUM | CID001980 |
Gold | United Precious Metal Refining, Inc. | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID001993 |
|
| | | |
Metal | Smelter Name | Smelter Country | Smelter ID |
Gold | Valcambi S.A. | SWITZERLAND | CID002003 |
Gold | Western Australian Mint (T/a The Perth Mint) | AUSTRALIA | CID002030 |
Gold | WIELAND Edelmetalle GmbH | GERMANY | CID002778 |
Gold | Yamakin Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | CID002100 |
Gold | Yokohama Metal Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | CID002129 |
Gold | Yunnan Copper Industry Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000197 |
Gold | Zhongyuan Gold Smelter of Zhongjin Gold Corporation | CHINA | CID002224 |
Tantalum | Asaka Riken Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | CID000092 |
Tantalum | Changsha South Tantalum Niobium Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000211 |
Tantalum | CP Metals Inc. | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID003402 |
Tantalum | D Block Metals, LLC | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID002504 |
Tantalum | Exotech Inc. | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID000456 |
Tantalum | F&X Electro-Materials Ltd. | CHINA | CID000460 |
Tantalum | FIR Metals & Resource Ltd. | CHINA | CID002505 |
Tantalum | Global Advanced Metals Aizu | JAPAN | CID002558 |
Tantalum | Global Advanced Metals Boyertown | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID002557 |
Tantalum | Guangdong Zhiyuan New Material Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000616 |
Tantalum | H.C. Starck Co., Ltd. | THAILAND | CID002544 |
Tantalum | H.C. Starck Hermsdorf GmbH | GERMANY | CID002547 |
Tantalum | H.C. Starck Inc. | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID002548 |
Tantalum | H.C. Starck Ltd. | JAPAN | CID002549 |
Tantalum | H.C. Starck Smelting GmbH & Co. KG | GERMANY | CID002550 |
Tantalum | H.C. Starck Tantalum and Niobium GmbH | GERMANY | CID002545 |
Tantalum | Hengyang King Xing Lifeng New Materials Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002492 |
Tantalum | Jiangxi Dinghai Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002512 |
Tantalum | Jiangxi Tuohong New Raw Material | CHINA | CID002842 |
Tantalum | JiuJiang JinXin Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000914 |
Tantalum | Jiujiang Tanbre Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000917 |
Tantalum | Jiujiang Zhongao Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002506 |
Tantalum | KEMET Blue Metals | MEXICO | CID002539 |
Tantalum | LSM Brasil S.A. | BRAZIL | CID001076 |
Tantalum | Metallurgical Products India Pvt., Ltd. | INDIA | CID001163 |
Tantalum | Mineracao Taboca S.A. | BRAZIL | CID001175 |
Tantalum | Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | CID001192 |
Tantalum | Ningxia Orient Tantalum Industry Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID001277 |
Tantalum | NPM Silmet AS | ESTONIA | CID001200 |
Tantalum | Power Resources Ltd. | MACEDONIA, THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF | CID002847 |
Tantalum | QuantumClean | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID001508 |
Tantalum | Resind Industria e Comercio Ltda. | BRAZIL | CID002707 |
Tantalum | Solikamsk Magnesium Works OAO | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | CID001769 |
Tantalum | Taki Chemical Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | CID001869 |
Tantalum | Telex Metals | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID001891 |
Tantalum | Ulba Metallurgical Plant JSC | KAZAKHSTAN | CID001969 |
Tantalum | XinXing HaoRong Electronic Material Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002508 |
Tantalum | RFH Tantalum Smeltery Co., Ltd./Yanling Jincheng Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID001522 |
Tin | Alpha | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID000292 |
Tin | An Vinh Joint Stock Mineral Processing Company | VIET NAM | CID002703 |
Tin | Chenzhou Yunxiang Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000228 |
Tin | Chifeng Dajingzi Tin Industry Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID003190 |
Tin | China Tin Group Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID001070 |
Tin | Dongguan CiEXPO Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID003356 |
|
| | | |
Metal | Smelter Name | Smelter Country | Smelter ID |
Tin | Dowa | JAPAN | CID000402 |
Tin | Electro-Mechanical Facility of the Cao Bang Minerals & Metallurgy Joint Stock Company | VIET NAM | CID002572 |
Tin | EM Vinto | BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF) | CID000438 |
Tin | Estanho de Rondonia S.A. | BRAZIL | CID000448 |
Tin | Fenix Metals | POLAND | CID000468 |
Tin | Gejiu City Fuxiang Industry and Trade Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID003410 |
Tin | Gejiu Kai Meng Industry and Trade LLC | CHINA | CID000942 |
Tin | Gejiu Non-Ferrous Metal Processing Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000538 |
Tin | Gejiu Yunxin Nonferrous Electrolysis Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID001908 |
Tin | Gejiu Zili Mining And Metallurgy Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000555 |
Tin | Guangdong Hanhe Non-Ferrous Metal Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID003116 |
Tin | Guanyang Guida Nonferrous Metal Smelting Plant | CHINA | CID002849 |
Tin | HuiChang Hill Tin Industry Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002844 |
Tin | Huichang Jinshunda Tin Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000760 |
Tin | Jiangxi New Nanshan Technology Ltd. | CHINA | CID001231 |
Tin | Ma'anshan Weitai Tin Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID003379 |
Tin | Magnu's Minerais Metais e Ligas Ltda. | BRAZIL | CID002468 |
Tin | Malaysia Smelting Corporation (MSC) | MALAYSIA | CID001105 |
Tin | Melt Metais e Ligas S.A. | BRAZIL | CID002500 |
Tin | Metallic Resources, Inc. | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID001142 |
Tin | Metallo Belgium N.V. | BELGIUM | CID002773 |
Tin | Metallo Spain S.L.U. | SPAIN | CID002774 |
Tin | Mineracao Taboca S.A. | BRAZIL | CID001173 |
Tin | Minsur | PERU | CID001182 |
Tin | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | JAPAN | CID001191 |
Tin | Modeltech Sdn Bhd | MALAYSIA | CID002858 |
Tin | Nghe Tinh Non-Ferrous Metals Joint Stock Company | VIET NAM | CID002573 |
Tin | O.M. Manufacturing (Thailand) Co., Ltd. | THAILAND | CID001314 |
Tin | O.M. Manufacturing Philippines, Inc. | PHILIPPINES | CID002517 |
Tin | Operaciones Metalurgicas S.A. | BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF) | CID001337 |
Tin | Pongpipat Company Limited | MYANMAR | CID003208 |
Tin | Precious Minerals and Smelting Limited | INDIA | CID003409 |
Tin | PT Artha Cipta Langgeng | INDONESIA | CID001399 |
Tin | PT ATD Makmur Mandiri Jaya | INDONESIA | CID002503 |
Tin | PT Menara Cipta Mulia | INDONESIA | CID002835 |
Tin | PT Mitra Stania Prima | INDONESIA | CID001453 |
Tin | PT Refined Bangka Tin | INDONESIA | CID001460 |
Tin | PT Timah Tbk Kundur | INDONESIA | CID001477 |
Tin | PT Timah Tbk Mentok | INDONESIA | CID001482 |
Tin | Resind Industria e Comercio Ltda. | BRAZIL | CID002706 |
Tin | Rui Da Hung | TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA | CID001539 |
Tin | Soft Metais Ltda. | BRAZIL | CID001758 |
Tin | Super Ligas | BRAZIL | CID002756 |
Tin | Thai Nguyen Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd. | VIET NAM | CID002834 |
Tin | Thaisarco | THAILAND | CID001898 |
Tin | Tin Technology & Refining | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID003325 |
Tin | Tuyen Quang Non-Ferrous Metals Joint Stock Company | VIET NAM | CID002574 |
Tin | White Solder Metalurgia e Mineracao Ltda. | BRAZIL | CID002036 |
Tin | Yunnan Chengfeng Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002158 |
Tin | Yunnan Tin Company Limited | CHINA | CID002180 |
Tin | Yunnan Yunfan Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID003397 |
|
| | | |
Metal | Smelter Name | Smelter Country | Smelter ID |
Tungsten | A.L.M.T. Corp. | JAPAN | CID000004 |
Tungsten | ACL Metais Eireli | BRAZIL | CID002833 |
Tungsten | Smelter Not Listed | VIET NAM | CID002502 |
Tungsten | Chenzhou Diamond Tungsten Products Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002513 |
Tungsten | Chongyi Zhangyuan Tungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000258 |
Tungsten | CNMC (Guangxi) PGMA Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000281 |
Tungsten | Fujian Ganmin RareMetal Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID003401 |
Tungsten | Fujian Jinxin Tungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000499 |
Tungsten | Ganzhou Haichuang Tungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002645 |
Tungsten | Ganzhou Huaxing Tungsten Products Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000875 |
Tungsten | Ganzhou Jiangwu Ferrotungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002315 |
Tungsten | Ganzhou Seadragon W & Mo Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002494 |
Tungsten | Global Tungsten & Powders Corp. | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID000568 |
Tungsten | Guangdong Xianglu Tungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000218 |
Tungsten | H.C. Starck Smelting GmbH & Co. KG | GERMANY | CID002542 |
Tungsten | H.C. Starck Tungsten GmbH | GERMANY | CID002541 |
Tungsten | Hunan Chenzhou Mining Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000766 |
Tungsten | Hunan Chuangda Vanadium Tungsten Co., Ltd. Wuji | CHINA | CID002579 |
Tungsten | Hunan Chunchang Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID000769 |
Tungsten | Hunan Litian Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID003182 |
Tungsten | Hydrometallurg, JSC | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | CID002649 |
Tungsten | Japan New Metals Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | CID000825 |
Tungsten | Jiangwu H.C. Starck Tungsten Products Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002551 |
Tungsten | Jiangxi Gan Bei Tungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002321 |
Tungsten | Jiangxi Minmetals Gao'an Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002313 |
Tungsten | Jiangxi Tonggu Non-ferrous Metallurgical & Chemical Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002318 |
Tungsten | Jiangxi Dayu Longxintai Tungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002647 |
Tungsten | Jiangxi Xinsheng Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002317 |
Tungsten | Jiangxi Yaosheng Tungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002316 |
Tungsten | JSC "Kirovgrad Hard Alloys Plant" | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | CID003408 |
Tungsten | Kennametal Fallon | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID000966 |
Tungsten | Kennametal Huntsville | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID000105 |
Tungsten | KGETS Co., Ltd. | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | CID003388 |
Tungsten | Lianyou Metals Co., Ltd. | TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA | CID003407 |
Tungsten | Malipo Haiyu Tungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002319 |
Tungsten | Masan Tungsten Chemical LLC (MTC) | VIET NAM | CID002543 |
Tungsten | Moliren Ltd. | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | CID002845 |
Tungsten | Niagara Refining LLC | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CID002589 |
Tungsten | Philippine Chuangxin Industrial Co., Inc. | PHILIPPINES | CID002827 |
Tungsten | Tejing (Vietnam) Tungsten Co., Ltd. | VIET NAM | CID001889 |
Tungsten | Unecha Refractory metals plant | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | CID002724 |
Tungsten | Wolfram Bergbau und Hutten AG | AUSTRIA | CID002044 |
Tungsten | Woltech Korea Co., Ltd. | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | CID002843 |
Tungsten | Xiamen Tungsten (H.C.) Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002320 |
Tungsten | Xiamen Tungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002082 |
Tungsten | Xinfeng Huarui Tungsten & Molybdenum New Material Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002830 |
Tungsten | Xinhai Rendan Shaoguan Tungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | CID002095 |
Appendix B – Countries of origin
This list of potential countries of origin is populated based on RMI validated smelters listed in our RCOI.
|
|
Afghanistan |
Albania |
Angola |
Argentina |
Armenia |
Australia |
Austria |
Belarus |
Belgium |
Bermuda |
Bolivia |
Brazil |
Bulgaria |
Burundi |
Cambodia |
Canada |
Central African Republic |
Chile |
China |
Colombia |
Czech Republic |
Djibouti |
Dominican Republic |
DRC or an adjoining country (Covered Countries) |
Ecuador |
Egypt |
England |
Estonia |
Ethiopia |
Finland |
France |
Germany |
Ghana |
Guinea |
Guyana |
Hungary |
India |
Indonesia |
Ireland |
Israel |
Italy |
Ivory Coast |
|
|
Japan |
Kazakhstan |
Kenya |
Kyrgyzstan |
Laos |
Liberia |
Lithuania |
Luxembourg |
Madagascar |
Malaysia |
Mali |
Mauritania |
Mexico |
Mongolia |
Morocco |
Mozambique |
Myanmar |
Namibia |
Netherlands |
New Zealand |
Niger |
Nigeria |
Papua New Guinea |
Peru |
Philippines |
Poland |
Portugal |
Republic Of Korea |
Russia |
Rwanda |
Saudi Arabia |
Sierra Leone |
Singapore |
Slovakia |
Slovenia |
South Africa |
Spain |
Sudan |
Suri |
Suriname |
Sweden |
Switzerland |
Tanzania |
Thailand |
Turkey |
Uganda |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
United Kingdom |
USA |
Uzbekistan |
Viet Nam |
Zambia |
Zimbabwe |