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F5, Inc. |
Conflict Minerals Report |
Year Ended December 31, 2021 |
Introduction
This Conflict Minerals Report (the "Report") for F5, Inc. ("F5, the "Company," "we," "us," and "our") is presented for the reporting period from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 to comply with Rule 13p-1 (the "Rule") under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. For the purpose of the Reasonable Country of Origin Inquiry ("RCOI"), we initiated supply chain inquiries on November 15, 2021 and continued to receive data through April 29, 2022. F5 maintains an ongoing data gathering and refresh program to ensure up-to-date data is captured throughout the year. For the purpose of this report, conflict minerals are defined as cassiterite, columbite-tantalite, gold, wolframite, and their derivatives, which are limited to tin, tantalum, tungsten, and gold (collectively, "3TG").
This year, we received responses from 95% of our in-scope suppliers. After validation and removal of incomplete or invalid submissions, we received an acceptable, completed Conflict Minerals Reporting Template ("CMRT") from 90% of our in-scope suppliers, and were able to determine 14% of suppliers were not using any 3TG. 4% of the suppliers provided incomplete or invalid submissions.
As a downstream user of conflict minerals, we are dependent on our suppliers for information, and the list of smelters reported by F5 should be viewed as a list of possible sources, rather than a complete record of known source locations. More information on how we determined which suppliers were in scope is available in this report.
A smelter list, CMRT form, conflict minerals policy, and other environmental, social and governance information is available online at https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K51230228.
Forward Looking Statements
This report includes forward looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward looking statements provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Forward looking statements can also be identified by words such as "expects," "plans," "intends," "will," "may," and similar terms. Forward looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. F5 assumes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law. Subsequent events may affect F5’s future determinations under Rule 13p-1.
About F5
F5 (NASDAQ: FFIV) is a multi-cloud application security and delivery company that enables our customers—which include the world’s largest enterprises, financial institutions, service providers, and governments—to bring extraordinary digital experiences to life.
Supply Chain Overview
F5 relies upon our suppliers to provide material declarations and information on the origin of 3TG contained in components and materials supplied to us, including materials and 3TG from sub-tier suppliers. As most suppliers provide company-level declarations, there are many smelters listed that may not actually be in the supply chain of the components used by F5.
We contracted with Assent Compliance ("Assent") to gather data from our suppliers as well as to provide our suppliers training on the reporting rules and guidance on completing the CMRT form. We utilized the standard Responsible Business Alliance Global e-Sustainability Initiative ("RBA-GeSI") Conflict Minerals Reporting Template version 6.1 developed by the Responsible Minerals Initiative ("RMI") and requested that all suppliers complete the form. Suppliers that are known or suspected to provide components that contain 3TG were considered undetermined unless a completed CMRT form was received. Suppliers known not to use metal in products sourced by F5 were asked to provide a CMRT form, even if only to state no use. In cases where these suppliers did not provide a CMRT form, but a material declaration or comparable documentation is on file demonstrating no 3TG use, they were considered out of scope. Packaging suppliers are out of scope, and though we have asked for CMRT forms for our own records they are excluded from this declaration and the data provided herein.
Reasonable Country of Origin Inquiry
To determine whether necessary 3TG in our products originated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ("DRC") or an adjoining country (the "Covered Countries"), we provided a list of suppliers associated with the Covered Products to Assent for upload to the Assent Sustainability Manager.
We utilized the RBA-GeSI CMRT version 6.1 to conduct a survey of all in scope suppliers. During the supplier survey, we contacted suppliers via the Assent Sustainability Manager, to which suppliers uploaded their completed CMRTs for assessment and management by Assent. The use of the CMRT allowed for some elimination of irrelevant suppliers. Specifically, Question 1 of the CMRT asks suppliers whether any of the 3TGs they use are necessary to the functionality or production of their products. We also periodically reviewed the supplier list to ensure that irrelevant or "out of scope" suppliers were removed from the survey process. We conducted this analysis based on the following criteria:
•The company supplies packaging only (excluding labels)
•The company supplies us with items that do not end up in our products (including equipment used to make our products or those used strictly on prototypes)
•The company is a test lab
•The company is a service provider only
•The company is listed as a supplier, but no components were purchased for use in F5 products during the reporting period and preceding 12 months.
We requested that all suppliers complete a CMRT and included training and education (provided by Assent) to guide suppliers on best practices and the use of this template. Assent monitored and tracked all communications in the Assent Sustainability Manager for future reporting and transparency. We directly contacted suppliers that were unresponsive to Assent’s communications during the diligence process and requested such suppliers to complete the CMRT form and submit their form to Assent.
For calendar year 2021, we included automated data validation on all submitted CMRTs. The goal of data validation is to increase the accuracy of submissions and identify any contradictory answers in the CMRT. This data validation is based on:
•Questions 1 and 2 are minimum requirements for the CMRT
▪If suppliers state (via Question 1 and Question 2) that their products do not contain 3TGs necessary to the function or production of said products, then no further information is required, and no further data validation is completed.
•Question 3 - Do any of your 3TGs originate from the Covered Countries?
▪Any supplier that has any 3TGs from the Covered Countries, even one positive response from their supply chain must answer yes.
•Question 4 - Do any of the smelters in your supply chain source the 3TG from conflict-affected and high-risk areas?
•Question 5 - Have you received information from all relevant 3TG Suppliers?
▪If you are not at 100%, then you cannot make definitive statements for Questions 3 and 4.
•Question 6 - What percentage of relevant suppliers have provided a response to your supply chain survey?
•Question 7 - Have you identified all your Smelters and refiners?
▪If the answer here is yes, then question 5 must be yes. This also impacts question 3.
All submitted forms are accepted and classified as valid or invalid so that data is still retained. Suppliers are contacted with regards to invalid forms and are encouraged to submit a valid form. As of April 29, 2022, there were 6 invalid or incomplete supplier submissions that could not be corrected.
Assent compared the list of smelters and refiners provided in our suppliers’ responses to the lists of smelters maintained by the RMI and, if a supplier indicated that a facility was certified as conflict-free, confirmed that the facility was listed on RMI’s list
of validated conflict free smelters and refiners of 3TG. Our suppliers identified a total of 335 smelters and refiners. Of those, 231 are currently conformant to the Responsible Minerals Audit Process ("RMAP") run by RMI. Based on information provided by RMI, a further 18 are actively engaged with RMI’s audit program. Most of the CMRTs we received were made on a company or division level basis which did not allow us to identify which smelters or refiners listed by our suppliers actually processed the 3TG contained in our products.
Based on the RCOI, we had reason to believe that some of the 3TGs may have originated from the Covered Countries. In accordance with the Rule, we performed due diligence on the source and chain of custody of the conflict minerals in question.
Design of Due Diligence
We designed our due diligence measures to conform, in all material respects, with the framework in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD") Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict Affected and High-Risk Areas (the "Guidance") and the related Supplements for gold, tin, tantalum, and tungsten. The Guidance identifies five steps for due diligence that should be implemented and provides guidance as to how to achieve each step. We developed our due diligence process to address each of these five steps:
1.Establishing strong company management systems regarding conflict minerals;
2.Identifying and assessing risks in our supply chain;
3.Designing and implementing a strategy to respond to identified risks in our supply chain;
4.Utilizing independent third-party audits of supply chain diligence; and
5.Publicly reporting on our supply chain due diligence.
Company Management System
Company Policies
All suppliers in our manufacturing supply chain are required to provide products that meet the requirements laid out in F5’s Conflict Minerals Policy which can be found here: https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K51230228.
Conflict Minerals Policy (as of March 15, 2022):
As a global company, we know the business of F5 has impacts throughout our worldwide value chain. The Dodd- Frank Consumer Protection and Wall Street Reform Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act") found that the exploitation and trade of Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten, and Gold ("conflict minerals") were helping to finance extreme levels of violence in the DRC. The Dodd-Frank Act requires public companies to conduct due diligence and make certain disclosures regarding use of the conflict minerals.
F5 requires suppliers using any of the four conflict minerals sourced from the DRC or an adjoining country to use only materials which are certified Conflict Free through the Conflict Free Smelter Initiative or a comparable process.
We are committed to eliminating conflict minerals from our manufacturing supply chain through use of widely adopted best practices, including:
1.Establishing a conflict minerals compliance program consistent with the OECD Due Diligence guidance for downstream companies
2.Determining which F5 suppliers use the above-mentioned conflict minerals and targeting our efforts accordingly
3.Requiring all affected suppliers to provide a Conflict Minerals Reporting Template to the manufacturing supply chain team for review
4.When instances of non-compliant suppliers arise, working with those suppliers through our manufacturing supply chain team to ensure corrective actions are undertaken promptly and effectively
5.Filing an annual Form SD with the Securities and Exchange Commission through our financial reporting group, which will include updates on progress towards being conflict free and details of any corrective actions taken in the reporting year
Developing total transparency in the supply chain takes time, and correcting suppliers’ use of non-certified conflict minerals as it arises requires commitment. We are confident our efforts, combined with the rest of the industry will result in substantive impacts for the people of the DRC and surrounding region.
Management Team
Management for the conflict minerals program at F5 is the supply chain team (within manufacturing). This team works closely with peers in manufacturing, manufacturing supply chain, product design and environmental, social and governance (ESG).
The supply chain team oversees gathering CMRTs, performing assessments of the CMRTs, following up with suppliers, filing the conflict minerals report, working with F5’s contract manufacturer to determine purchase history and supplier use, and maintaining up-to-date information on conflict minerals regulations. As discussed earlier in this report, some of those responsibilities have been outsourced to Assent.
The supply chain team is responsible for keeping up-to-date contacts with suppliers and managing contracts with suppliers with which F5 has contracts. F5 does not have contracts with all suppliers, but all contracts that are in place include conflict minerals requirements.
The product development team, particularly the team of component engineers, is responsible for maintaining up-to-date supplier lists and bills of materials. When a new supplier is added, they notify the supply chain team so due diligence can commence. When a supplier must be removed due to conflict minerals use, the supply chain team engages the component engineering and product development teams to develop and implement a phase-out plan including timeline and alternate supplier qualification.
Grievance Mechanism
Suppliers and other parties may contact us with conflict minerals questions or concerns.
•Via email: rohscompliance@f5.com
Reports also may be made anonymously to the F5 Business Integrity Hotline.
•Online at f5.ethicspoint.com
•By telephone at +1 (855) 409-0947
Supplier Engagement
Design Process
F5 selects suppliers for a variety of performance criteria, including compliance. Initial screening of suppliers covers basic compliance criteria, including an ability to provide a CMRT to F5, though that CMRT is not reviewed as part of the new supplier process.
After selection, parts are integrated into prototype bills of materials and then integrated into regular, ongoing data collection performed by the supply chain team. This includes conflict minerals compliance and full material declarations.
Incorporation into Production Bill of Materials
Once listed on a prototype or production bill of materials, a supplier is added to our surveys of compliance information. It is at this point Assent is engaged to procure a CMRT from the supplier. Assent utilizes contact information provided by F5 as well as contacts from other downstream users to initiate contact with a supplier. In the event a supplier is unfamiliar with conflict minerals reporting, Assent provides training on how to properly fill out a CMRT and guidance on how that supplier can perform their own supply chain due diligence.
Maintenance of Data
After completion, F5 holds CMRTs in the Assent Sustainability Manager. These documents will be held, at a minimum, for the required period as dictated by the SEC.
As long as a supplier remains on a bill of materials for a product still in production and with an active purchase history within the prior two years, F5 will continue to gather a new CMRT every year. This ensures changes in suppliers’ practices have not resulted in a change in conflict mineral sourcing status.
Due Diligence for Calendar Year 2021
Risk Assessment
Of the suppliers deemed in scope, we found the majority to be responsive with continually improving data and coverage year over year.
Once received, a CMRT is reviewed for a variety of red flags including those listed in the OECD guidance for downstream companies. This includes, but is not limited to:
•Determining the legitimacy of all smelters listed through a variety of validated smelter lists such as those maintained by the RMI.
•Maintaining an up-to-date list of certified conflict-free smelters and checking reported smelters against that list.
•Determining if a smelter, even if outside the Covered Countries, lists source material from the Covered Countries.
•Flagging smelters and suppliers listing recycled, scrap, or bank sources of materials.
•Flagging smelters and suppliers with unfixed inconsistencies in their forms.
Assent provides potential corrective action guidance to suppliers with data inconsistencies and errors; the average CMRT has been reviewed three times by Assent and the providing supplier prior to receipt of that CMRT by F5. F5 monitors this process through updates from Assent and advises on action for suppliers whose data has not met Assent’s basic threshold for trustworthiness.
Supplier Risk
Suppliers that have not improved the percent of their supply chain surveyed, provided data showing they are not conflict free, or provided metals from other sanctioned countries were considered high-risk.
High-risk suppliers have been contacted throughout calendar year 2021 so F5 can monitor progress on removing smelters not shown to be conflict free or sourcing material from sanctioned countries.
As per the OECD Due Diligence Guidance, risk mitigation will depend on the supplier’s specific context. Suppliers are given clear performance objectives within reasonable timeframes with the goal of progressive elimination of these risks from the supply chain.
Additionally, suppliers are evaluated on program strength (further assisting in identifying risk in the supply chain). Evaluating and tracking the strength of the program meets the OECD Due Diligence Guidelines and can assist in making key risk mitigation decisions as the program progresses. At this time, 6 of our suppliers have been identified as having a weak program.
Smelter Risk
Furthermore, smelters or refiners not being certified DRC Conflict Free pose a significant risk to the supply chain. Each facility that meets the RMI definition of a smelter or refiner of a 3TG mineral is assigned a risk of high, medium or low based on 3 scoring criteria:
•Geographic proximity to the DRC and Covered Countries;
•Responsible Minerals Assurance Process (RMAP) audit status; and
•Known or plausible evidence of unethical or conflict sourcing.
Based on these criteria, the following facilities have been identified with a red-flag risks of highest concern into their supply chain:
•African Gold Refinery - CID003185
•Fidelity Printers and Refiners Ltd. - CID002515
•Sudan Gold Refinery - CID002567
•Industrial Refining Company - CID002587
•Kaloti Precious Metals – CID002563
•Kyrgyzaltyn JSC - CID001029
When these facilities were reported on a CMRT by one of the suppliers surveyed, risk mitigation activities were initiated. Through our third-party vendor, Assent, submissions that include any facilities with the above conditions immediately produce a receipt instructing the supplier to take their own risk mitigation actions, including submission of a product specific CMRT to better identify the connection to products that they supply to F5, and escalating up to removal of these high-risk smelters from their supply chain.
Strategy to Respond to Risks
Together with Assent, we developed processes to assess and respond to the risks identified in our supply chain.
Non-Responsive Suppliers
As the conflict minerals due diligence progresses, escalations are sent to non-responsive suppliers to outline the importance of a response via CMRTs and to outline the required cooperation for compliance to the Conflict Minerals rules. Assent provides training on conflict minerals and filling out a CMRT.
Various reasons have been presented for why a supplier does not respond, but the most frequent is out of date contact information. In this case, F5's supply chain team gathers up-to-date supplier contact information. F5’s contract manufacturer, Flex, may also be asked to provide their contact with suppliers. Working with Flex also helps eliminate some confusion with suppliers requiring purchase orders to provide information; Flex is typically the purchaser of record, even though F5 maintains design control.
Suppliers with Persistent Issues
When suppliers continue to provide CMRTs to Assent or F5 that list high risk, out of date, or other illegitimate smelters, F5 will follow up with that supplier and request that supplier work to remove those smelters from their supply chain. If a supplier submits a CMRT with issues and those issues persist over an 18-month period without being addressed, F5 will take corrective actions with that supplier up to and including removing them as an Approved Vendor from F5’s Approved Vendor List. For components that have multiple sources; preference will be given to suppliers that have submitted clear CMRTs.
Assent also directly contacts smelters and refiners that are not currently enrolled in the RMAP to encourage their participation and gather information regarding each facility's sourcing practices on behalf of its compliance partners. In the event after multiple attempts, a smelter does not engage in the RMAP, and a supplier continues to use metal from that smelter, F5 may entirely phase out the supplier.
While we were not successful in completely eliminating those smelters from our supply chain, we have seen a sizable reduction in the number of suppliers claiming those smelters.
Public Reporting on Supply Chain Due Diligence
Results
During the reporting period, F5 had 235 actively purchased suppliers listed on our bills of materials, of which a total of 148 suppliers were known or suspected to provide components that contain 3TG and were asked to complete a CMRT. Upon collection of CMRT responses, 129 active suppliers were considered in scope and 19 suppliers were deemed out of scope. Of the total of 129 active in-scope suppliers, F5 accepted completed CMRTs from 117 suppliers and six suppliers provided incomplete or invalid submissions. This represents a 95.3% percent response rate. With coverage above 95 percent, we believe we have met an acceptable threshold for F5 to consider the data gathering for the period to be complete and a success.
Attached as Appendix A is a list of all smelters and refiners listed by our suppliers in their completed CMRTs that appear on the lists of smelters maintained by the RMI. Most of the CMRTs we received from our suppliers were made on a company or division level basis, rather than on a product-level basis. Because we rely on data from our suppliers and not all suppliers are in each product, our list of processing smelters and refiners disclosed in Appendix A may contain more facilities than contained in any one of our products.
Appendix B includes an aggregated list of the countries of origin from which the reported facilities collectively source conflict minerals, based on information provided by suppliers and the RMI. As mentioned in the above section, many responses were
provided at the company level, therefore, Appendix B may contain more countries than those that our products are being sourced from.
Determination of Conflict Status
For the reporting period ending December 31, 2021, F5 has not been found to be conflict free. This determination stems primarily from two sources of concern:
•We still have smelters not listed as conflict free that are either located in or sourcing material in the conflict region.
•We did not undergo an independent third-party audit for the reporting period, and thus cannot declare ourselves conflict free.
As a downstream user of materials, F5 does not purchase directly from smelters, or even directly from metals suppliers. As such, we are primarily reliant on entities in our supply chain to perform actual in-person audits of smelters. We search through listings on industry group sites, including the RMI and iTSCi and leverage the findings of those groups in our reporting.
Next Steps
For the 2021 reporting year, we improved our supplier response rate by 2% year-over-year and enhanced our due diligence actions from prior reporting periods. Specifically, our account representatives from Assent, on behalf of F5, identified the entire subset of suppliers who had claimed smelters with discernible risk indicators in their CMRT submissions and engaged them on a monthly basis for an individualized follow-up. In these communications, the supplier was requested to verify materiality and relevance of their CMRT submission specific to the chain of custody for minerals in products sold to F5, and not their products as a whole, and to provide us with a revised User-Defined CMRT if it has been determined that the prior submission was not specific to F5’s exclusive supply chain. Alternatively, if a supplier was unable to proceed with the above step, then F5 required - at the bare minimum - for each supplier to provide a written statement on how their organization intends to move away from the use of those facilities as part of their long-term strategic sourcing practices.
In 2022, we will continue to engage suppliers and conduct the additional due diligence practices we introduced in 2021 in order to further mitigate any risk that the necessary 3TGs in F5’s products could originate from conflict-affected and high-risk areas.
Appendix A
Below is the list of smelters listed on CMRTs of suppliers used by F5 during calendar year 2021.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Metal | Smelter Name | Smelter Country | Smelter ID |
Tungsten | A.L.M.T. Corp. | Japan | CID000004 |
Gold | Advanced Chemical Company | United States Of America | CID000015 |
Gold | Aida Chemical Industries Co., Ltd. | Japan | CID000019 |
Gold | Allgemeine Gold-und Silberscheideanstalt A.G. | Germany | CID000035 |
Gold | Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex (AMMC) | Uzbekistan | CID000041 |
Gold | AngloGold Ashanti Corrego do Sitio Mineracao | Brazil | CID000058 |
Gold | Argor-Heraeus S.A. | Switzerland | CID000077 |
Gold | Asahi Pretec Corp. | Japan | CID000082 |
Gold | Asaka Riken Co., Ltd. | Japan | CID000090 |
Gold | Atasay Kuyumculuk Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S. | Turkey | CID000103 |
Tungsten | Kennametal Huntsville | United States Of America | CID000105 |
Gold | Aurubis AG | Germany | CID000113 |
Gold | Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines) | Philippines | CID000128 |
Gold | Boliden AB | Sweden | CID000157 |
Gold | C. Hafner GmbH + Co. KG | Germany | CID000176 |
Gold | Caridad | Mexico | CID000180 |
Gold | CCR Refinery - Glencore Canada Corporation | Canada | CID000185 |
Gold | Cendres + Metaux S.A. | Switzerland | CID000189 |
Gold | Yunnan Copper Industry Co., Ltd. | China | CID000197 |
Tantalum | Changsha South Tantalum Niobium Co., Ltd. | China | CID000211 |
Tungsten | Guangdong Xianglu Tungsten Co., Ltd. | China | CID000218 |
Tin | Chenzhou Yunxiang Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd. | China | CID000228 |
Gold | Chimet S.p.A. | Italy | CID000233 |
Tungsten | Chongyi Zhangyuan Tungsten Co., Ltd. | China | CID000258 |
Gold | Chugai Mining | Japan | CID000264 |
Tungsten | CNMC (Guangxi) PGMA Co., Ltd. | China | CID000281 |
Tin | Alpha | United States Of America | CID000292 |
Tin | Smelter Not Listed | Indonesia | CID000309 |
Gold | Daye Non-Ferrous Metals Mining Ltd. | China | CID000343 |
Gold | DSC (Do Sung Corporation) | Korea, Republic Of | CID000359 |
Gold | Dowa | Japan | CID000401 |
Tin | Dowa | Japan | CID000402 |
Gold | Eco-System Recycling Co., Ltd. East Plant | Japan | CID000425 |
Tin | EM Vinto | Bolivia (Plurinational State Of) | CID000438 |
Tin | Estanho de Rondonia S.A. | Brazil | CID000448 |
Tantalum | F&X Electro-Materials Ltd. | China | CID000460 |
Tin | Fenix Metals | Poland | CID000468 |
Gold | OJSC Novosibirsk Refinery | Russian Federation | CID000493 |
Gold | Refinery of Seemine Gold Co., Ltd. | China | CID000522 |
Tin | Gejiu Non-Ferrous Metal Processing Co., Ltd. | China | CID000538 |
Tin | Gejiu Zili Mining And Metallurgy Co., Ltd. | China | CID000555 |
Tungsten | Global Tungsten & Powders Corp. | United States Of America | CID000568 |
Tantalum | Guangdong Zhiyuan New Material Co., Ltd. | China | CID000616 |
Gold | Guoda Safina High-Tech Environmental Refinery Co., Ltd. | China | CID000651 |
Gold | Hangzhou Fuchunjiang Smelting Co., Ltd. | China | CID000671 |
Gold | LT Metal Ltd. | Korea, Republic Of | CID000689 |
Gold | Heimerle + Meule GmbH | Germany | CID000694 |
Gold | Heraeus Metals Hong Kong Ltd. | China | CID000707 |
Gold | Heraeus Precious Metals GmbH & Co. KG | Germany | CID000711 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Metal | Smelter Name | Smelter Country | Smelter ID |
Tungsten | Hunan Chenzhou Mining Co., Ltd. | China | CID000766 |
Gold | Hunan Chenzhou Mining Co., Ltd. | China | CID000767 |
Tungsten | Hunan Chunchang Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. | China | CID000769 |
Gold | Hunan Guiyang yinxing Nonferrous Smelting Co., Ltd. | China | CID000773 |
Gold | HwaSeong CJ CO., LTD. | Korea, Republic Of | CID000778 |
Gold | Inner Mongolia Qiankun Gold and Silver Refinery Share Co., Ltd. | China | CID000801 |
Gold | Ishifuku Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | Japan | CID000807 |
Gold | Istanbul Gold Refinery | Turkey | CID000814 |
Gold | Japan Mint | Japan | CID000823 |
Tungsten | Japan New Metals Co., Ltd. | Japan | CID000825 |
Gold | Jiangxi Copper Co., Ltd. | China | CID000855 |
Tungsten | Ganzhou Huaxing Tungsten Products Co., Ltd. | China | CID000875 |
Tantalum | JiuJiang JinXin Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. | China | CID000914 |
Tantalum | Jiujiang Tanbre Co., Ltd. | China | CID000917 |
Gold | Asahi Refining USA Inc. | United States Of America | CID000920 |
Gold | Asahi Refining Canada Ltd. | Canada | CID000924 |
Gold | JSC Ekaterinburg Non-Ferrous Metal Processing Plant | Russian Federation | CID000927 |
Gold | JSC Uralelectromed | Russian Federation | CID000929 |
Gold | JX Nippon Mining & Metals Co., Ltd. | Japan | CID000937 |
Tin | Gejiu Kai Meng Industry and Trade LLC | China | CID000942 |
Gold | Kazakhmys Smelting LLC | Kazakhstan | CID000956 |
Gold | Kazzinc | Kazakhstan | CID000957 |
Tungsten | Kennametal Fallon | United States Of America | CID000966 |
Gold | Kennecott Utah Copper LLC | United States Of America | CID000969 |
Gold | Kojima Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Japan | CID000981 |
Gold | Kyrgyzaltyn JSC | Kyrgyzstan | CID001029 |
Gold | L'azurde Company For Jewelry | Saudi Arabia | CID001032 |
Gold | Lingbao Gold Co., Ltd. | China | CID001056 |
Gold | Lingbao Jinyuan Tonghui Refinery Co., Ltd. | China | CID001058 |
Tin | China Tin Group Co., Ltd. | China | CID001070 |
Tantalum | LSM Brasil S.A. | Brazil | CID001076 |
Gold | LS-NIKKO Copper Inc. | Korea, Republic Of | CID001078 |
Gold | Luoyang Zijin Yinhui Gold Refinery Co., Ltd. | China | CID001093 |
Tin | Malaysia Smelting Corporation (MSC) | Malaysia | CID001105 |
Gold | Materion | United States Of America | CID001113 |
Gold | Matsuda Sangyo Co., Ltd. | Japan | CID001119 |
Tin | Metallic Resources, Inc. | United States Of America | CID001142 |
Gold | Metalor Technologies (Suzhou) Ltd. | China | CID001147 |
Gold | Metalor Technologies (Hong Kong) Ltd. | China | CID001149 |
Gold | Metalor Technologies (Singapore) Pte., Ltd. | Singapore | CID001152 |
Gold | Metalor Technologies S.A. | Switzerland | CID001153 |
Gold | Metalor USA Refining Corporation | United States Of America | CID001157 |
Gold | Metalurgica Met-Mex Penoles S.A. De C.V. | Mexico | CID001161 |
Tantalum | Metallurgical Products India Pvt., Ltd. | India | CID001163 |
Tin | Mineracao Taboca S.A. | Brazil | CID001173 |
Tantalum | Mineracao Taboca S.A. | Brazil | CID001175 |
Tin | Minsur | Peru | CID001182 |
Gold | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Japan | CID001188 |
Tin | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Japan | CID001191 |
Tantalum | Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd. | Japan | CID001192 |
Gold | Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd. | Japan | CID001193 |
Tantalum | NPM Silmet AS | Estonia | CID001200 |
Gold | Moscow Special Alloys Processing Plant | Russian Federation | CID001204 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Metal | Smelter Name | Smelter Country | Smelter ID |
Gold | Nadir Metal Rafineri San. Ve Tic. A.S. | Turkey | CID001220 |
Tin | Jiangxi New Nanshan Technology Ltd. | China | CID001231 |
Gold | Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combinat | Uzbekistan | CID001236 |
Gold | Nihon Material Co., Ltd. | Japan | CID001259 |
Tantalum | Ningxia Orient Tantalum Industry Co., Ltd. | China | CID001277 |
Tin | Novosibirsk Processing Plant Ltd. | Russian Federation | CID001305 |
Tin | O.M. Manufacturing (Thailand) Co., Ltd. | Thailand | CID001314 |
Gold | Ohura Precious Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | Japan | CID001325 |
Gold | OJSC "The Gulidov Krasnoyarsk Non-Ferrous Metals Plant" (OJSC Krastsvetmet) | Russian Federation | CID001326 |
Tin | Operaciones Metalurgicas S.A. | Bolivia (Plurinational State Of) | CID001337 |
Gold | PAMP S.A. | Switzerland | CID001352 |
Gold | Penglai Penggang Gold Industry Co., Ltd. | China | CID001362 |
Gold | Prioksky Plant of Non-Ferrous Metals | Russian Federation | CID001386 |
Gold | PT Aneka Tambang (Persero) Tbk | Indonesia | CID001397 |
Tin | PT Artha Cipta Langgeng | Indonesia | CID001399 |
Tin | Smelter Not Listed | Indonesia | CID001402 |
Tin | PT Babel Surya Alam Lestari | Indonesia | CID001406 |
Tin | Smelter Not Listed | Indonesia | CID001421 |
Tin | Smelter Not Listed | Indonesia | CID001428 |
Tin | PT Mitra Stania Prima | Indonesia | CID001453 |
Tin | Smelter Not Listed | Indonesia | CID001457 |
Tin | PT Prima Timah Utama | Indonesia | CID001458 |
Tin | PT Refined Bangka Tin | Indonesia | CID001460 |
Tin | Smelter Not Listed | Indonesia | CID001463 |
Tin | PT Stanindo Inti Perkasa | Indonesia | CID001468 |
Tin | PT Timah Tbk Kundur | Indonesia | CID001477 |
Tin | PT Timah Tbk Mentok | Indonesia | CID001482 |
Tin | PT Timah Nusantara | Indonesia | CID001486 |
Tin | PT Tinindo Inter Nusa | Indonesia | CID001490 |
Tin | Smelter Not Listed | Indonesia | CID001493 |
Gold | PX Precinox S.A. | Switzerland | CID001498 |
Tantalum | QuantumClean | United States Of America | CID001508 |
Gold | Rand Refinery (Pty) Ltd. | South Africa | CID001512 |
Tantalum | Yanling Jincheng Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd. | China | CID001522 |
Gold | Royal Canadian Mint | Canada | CID001534 |
Tin | Rui Da Hung | Taiwan, Province Of China | CID001539 |
Gold | Sabin Metal Corp. | United States Of America | CID001546 |
Gold | Samduck Precious Metals | Korea, Republic Of | CID001555 |
Gold | Samwon Metals Corp. | Korea, Republic Of | CID001562 |
Gold | SEMPSA Joyeria Plateria S.A. | Spain | CID001585 |
Gold | Shandong Tiancheng Biological Gold Industrial Co., Ltd. | China | CID001619 |
Gold | Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd. | China | CID001622 |
Gold | Sichuan Tianze Precious Metals Co., Ltd. | China | CID001736 |
Gold | SOE Shyolkovsky Factory of Secondary Precious Metals | Russian Federation | CID001756 |
Tin | Soft Metais Ltda. | Brazil | CID001758 |
Gold | Solar Applied Materials Technology Corp. | Taiwan, Province Of China | CID001761 |
Tantalum | Solikamsk Magnesium Works OAO | Russian Federation | CID001769 |
Gold | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. | Japan | CID001798 |
Gold | Smelter Not Listed | China | CID001810 |
Tantalum | Taki Chemical Co., Ltd. | Japan | CID001869 |
Gold | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. | Japan | CID001875 |
Tantalum | Telex Metals | United States Of America | CID001891 |
Tin | Thaisarco | Thailand | CID001898 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Metal | Smelter Name | Smelter Country | Smelter ID |
Tin | Gejiu Yunxin Nonferrous Electrolysis Co., Ltd. | China | CID001908 |
Gold | Great Wall Precious Metals Co., Ltd. of CBPM | China | CID001909 |
Gold | The Refinery of Shandong Gold Mining Co., Ltd. | China | CID001916 |
Gold | Tokuriki Honten Co., Ltd. | Japan | CID001938 |
Gold | Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Co., Ltd. | China | CID001947 |
Gold | Torecom | Korea, Republic Of | CID001955 |
Tantalum | Ulba Metallurgical Plant JSC | Kazakhstan | CID001969 |
Gold | Umicore S.A. Business Unit Precious Metals Refining | Belgium | CID001980 |
Gold | United Precious Metal Refining, Inc. | United States Of America | CID001993 |
Gold | Valcambi S.A. | Switzerland | CID002003 |
Tin | VQB Mineral and Trading Group JSC | Viet Nam | CID002015 |
Gold | Western Australian Mint (T/a The Perth Mint) | Australia | CID002030 |
Tin | White Solder Metalurgia e Mineracao Ltda. | Brazil | CID002036 |
Tungsten | Wolfram Bergbau und Hutten AG | Austria | CID002044 |
Tungsten | Xiamen Tungsten Co., Ltd. | China | CID002082 |
Gold | Yamakin Co., Ltd. | Japan | CID002100 |
Gold | Yokohama Metal Co., Ltd. | Japan | CID002129 |
Tin | Yunnan Chengfeng Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd. | China | CID002158 |
Tin | Yunnan Tin Company Limited | China | CID002180 |
Gold | Zhongyuan Gold Smelter of Zhongjin Gold Corporation | China | CID002224 |
Gold | Gold Refinery of Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd. | China | CID002243 |
Gold | Morris and Watson | New Zealand | CID002282 |
Gold | SAFINA A.S. | Czechia | CID002290 |
Gold | Guangdong Jinding Gold Limited | China | CID002312 |
Tungsten | Jiangxi Minmetals Gao'an Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd. | China | CID002313 |
Gold | Umicore Precious Metals Thailand | Thailand | CID002314 |
Tungsten | Ganzhou Jiangwu Ferrotungsten Co., Ltd. | China | CID002315 |
Tungsten | Jiangxi Yaosheng Tungsten Co., Ltd. | China | CID002316 |
Tungsten | Jiangxi Xinsheng Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd. | China | CID002317 |
Tungsten | Jiangxi Tonggu Non-ferrous Metallurgical & Chemical Co., Ltd. | China | CID002318 |
Tungsten | Malipo Haiyu Tungsten Co., Ltd. | China | CID002319 |
Tungsten | Xiamen Tungsten (H.C.) Co., Ltd. | China | CID002320 |
Tungsten | Jiangxi Gan Bei Tungsten Co., Ltd. | China | CID002321 |
Tin | CV Venus Inti Perkasa | Indonesia | CID002455 |
Gold | Geib Refining Corporation | United States Of America | CID002459 |
Tin | Magnu's Minerais Metais e Ligas Ltda. | Brazil | CID002468 |
Tin | Smelter Not Listed | Indonesia | CID002478 |
Tantalum | Hengyang King Xing Lifeng New Materials Co., Ltd. | China | CID002492 |
Tungsten | Ganzhou Seadragon W & Mo Co., Ltd. | China | CID002494 |
Tin | Melt Metais e Ligas S.A. | Brazil | CID002500 |
Tungsten | Asia Tungsten Products Vietnam Ltd. | Viet Nam | CID002502 |
Tin | PT ATD Makmur Mandiri Jaya | Indonesia | CID002503 |
Tantalum | D Block Metals, LLC | United States Of America | CID002504 |
Tantalum | FIR Metals & Resource Ltd. | China | CID002505 |
Tantalum | Jiujiang Zhongao Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd. | China | CID002506 |
Tantalum | XinXing HaoRong Electronic Material Co., Ltd. | China | CID002508 |
Gold | MMTC-PAMP India Pvt., Ltd. | India | CID002509 |
Gold | KGHM Polska Miedz Spolka Akcyjna | Poland | CID002511 |
Tantalum | Jiangxi Dinghai Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd. | China | CID002512 |
Tungsten | Chenzhou Diamond Tungsten Products Co., Ltd. | China | CID002513 |
Gold | Fidelity Printers and Refiners Ltd. | Zimbabwe | CID002515 |
Gold | Singway Technology Co., Ltd. | Taiwan, Province Of China | CID002516 |
Tin | O.M. Manufacturing Philippines, Inc. | Philippines | CID002517 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Metal | Smelter Name | Smelter Country | Smelter ID |
Gold | Shandong Humon Smelting Co., Ltd. | China | CID002525 |
Gold | Shenzhen Zhonghenglong Real Industry Co., Ltd. | China | CID002527 |
Tantalum | KEMET Blue Metals | Mexico | CID002539 |
Tungsten | H.C. Starck Tungsten GmbH | Germany | CID002541 |
Tungsten | H.C. Starck Smelting GmbH & Co. KG | Germany | CID002542 |
Tungsten | Masan Tungsten Chemical LLC (MTC) | Viet Nam | CID002543 |
Tantalum | H.C. Starck Co., Ltd. | Thailand | CID002544 |
Tantalum | H.C. Starck Tantalum and Niobium GmbH | Germany | CID002545 |
Tantalum | H.C. Starck Hermsdorf GmbH | Germany | CID002547 |
Tantalum | H.C. Starck Inc. | United States Of America | CID002548 |
Tantalum | H.C. Starck Ltd. | Japan | CID002549 |
Tantalum | H.C. Starck Smelting GmbH & Co. KG | Germany | CID002550 |
Tungsten | Jiangwu H.C. Starck Tungsten Products Co., Ltd. | China | CID002551 |
Tantalum | Global Advanced Metals Boyertown | United States Of America | CID002557 |
Tantalum | Global Advanced Metals Aizu | Japan | CID002558 |
Gold | Al Etihad Gold Refinery DMCC | United Arab Emirates | CID002560 |
Gold | Emirates Gold DMCC | United Arab Emirates | CID002561 |
Gold | International Precious Metal Refiners | United Arab Emirates | CID002562 |
Gold | Kaloti Precious Metals | United Arab Emirates | CID002563 |
Gold | Sudan Gold Refinery | Sudan | CID002567 |
Tin | Electro-Mechanical Facility of the Cao Bang Minerals & Metallurgy Joint Stock Company | Viet Nam | CID002572 |
Tin | Nghe Tinh Non-Ferrous Metals Joint Stock Company | Viet Nam | CID002573 |
Tin | Tuyen Quang Non-Ferrous Metals Joint Stock Company | Viet Nam | CID002574 |
Gold | T.C.A S.p.A | Italy | CID002580 |
Gold | REMONDIS PMR B.V. | Netherlands | CID002582 |
Gold | Fujairah Gold FZC | United Arab Emirates | CID002584 |
Gold | Industrial Refining Company | Belgium | CID002587 |
Gold | Shirpur Gold Refinery Ltd. | India | CID002588 |
Tungsten | Niagara Refining LLC | United States Of America | CID002589 |
Gold | Korea Zinc Co., Ltd. | Korea, Republic Of | CID002605 |
Gold | Marsam Metals | Brazil | CID002606 |
Gold | TOO Tau-Ken-Altyn | Kazakhstan | CID002615 |
Tungsten | China Molybdenum Co., Ltd. | China | CID002641 |
Tungsten | Ganzhou Haichuang Tungsten Co., Ltd. | China | CID002645 |
Tungsten | Hydrometallurg, JSC | Russian Federation | CID002649 |
Tin | Smelter Not Listed | Indonesia | CID002696 |
Tin | An Vinh Joint Stock Mineral Processing Company | Viet Nam | CID002703 |
Tin | Resind Industria e Comercio Ltda. | Brazil | CID002706 |
Tantalum | Resind Industria e Comercio Ltda. | Brazil | CID002707 |
Gold | Abington Reldan Metals, LLC | United States Of America | CID002708 |
Tungsten | Unecha Refractory metals plant | Russian Federation | CID002724 |
Tin | Super Ligas | Brazil | CID002756 |
Gold | SAAMP | France | CID002761 |
Gold | L'Orfebre S.A. | Andorra | CID002762 |
Gold | 8853 S.p.A. | Italy | CID002763 |
Gold | Italpreziosi | Italy | CID002765 |
Tin | Metallo Belgium N.V. | Belgium | CID002773 |
Tin | Metallo Spain S.L.U. | Spain | CID002774 |
Gold | WIELAND Edelmetalle GmbH | Germany | CID002778 |
Gold | Ogussa Osterreichische Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt GmbH | Austria | CID002779 |
Tin | Smelter Not Listed | Indonesia | CID002816 |
Tungsten | Philippine Chuangxin Industrial Co., Inc. | Philippines | CID002827 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Metal | Smelter Name | Smelter Country | Smelter ID |
Tungsten | Xinfeng Huarui Tungsten & Molybdenum New Material Co., Ltd. | China | CID002830 |
Tungsten | ACL Metais Eireli | Brazil | CID002833 |
Tin | Thai Nguyen Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd. | Viet Nam | CID002834 |
Tin | PT Menara Cipta Mulia | Indonesia | CID002835 |
Tantalum | Jiangxi Tuohong New Raw Material | China | CID002842 |
Tungsten | Moliren Ltd. | Russian Federation | CID002845 |
Gold | AU Traders and Refiners | South Africa | CID002850 |
Gold | GCC Gujrat Gold Centre Pvt. Ltd. | India | CID002852 |
Gold | Sai Refinery | India | CID002853 |
Gold | Modeltech Sdn Bhd | Malaysia | CID002857 |
Tin | Modeltech Sdn Bhd | Malaysia | CID002858 |
Gold | Bangalore Refinery | India | CID002863 |
Gold | Kyshtym Copper-Electrolytic Plant ZAO | Russian Federation | CID002865 |
Gold | Degussa Sonne / Mond Goldhandel GmbH | Germany | CID002867 |
Gold | Pease & Curren | United States Of America | CID002872 |
Gold | JALAN & Company | India | CID002893 |
Gold | SungEel HiMetal Co., Ltd. | Korea, Republic Of | CID002918 |
Gold | Planta Recuperadora de Metales SpA | Chile | CID002919 |
Gold | Safimet S.p.A | Italy | CID002973 |
Tin | Guangdong Hanhe Non-Ferrous Metal Co., Ltd. | China | CID003116 |
Gold | State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology | Lithuania | CID003153 |
Gold | African Gold Refinery | Uganda | CID003185 |
Gold | Gold Coast Refinery | Ghana | CID003186 |
Gold | NH Recytech Company | Korea, Republic Of | CID003189 |
Tin | Chifeng Dajingzi Tin Industry Co., Ltd. | China | CID003190 |
Tin | PT Bangka Serumpun | Indonesia | CID003205 |
Tin | Pongpipat Company Limited | Myanmar | CID003208 |
Gold | QG Refining, LLC | United States Of America | CID003324 |
Tin | Tin Technology & Refining | United States Of America | CID003325 |
Gold | Dijllah Gold Refinery FZC | United Arab Emirates | CID003348 |
Tin | Dongguan CiEXPO Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd. | China | CID003356 |
Tin | Ma'anshan Weitai Tin Co., Ltd. | China | CID003379 |
Tin | Smelter Not Listed | Indonesia | CID003380 |
Tin | PT Rajawali Rimba Perkasa | Indonesia | CID003381 |
Gold | CGR Metalloys Pvt Ltd. | India | CID003382 |
Gold | Sovereign Metals | India | CID003383 |
Tin | Luna Smelter, Ltd. | Rwanda | CID003387 |
Tungsten | KGETS Co., Ltd. | Korea, Republic Of | CID003388 |
Tin | Yunnan Yunfan Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd. | China | CID003397 |
Tungsten | Fujian Ganmin RareMetal Co., Ltd. | China | CID003401 |
Tungsten | Lianyou Metals Co., Ltd. | Taiwan, Province Of China | CID003407 |
Tungsten | JSC "Kirovgrad Hard Alloys Plant" | Russian Federation | CID003408 |
Tin | Precious Minerals and Smelting Limited | India | CID003409 |
Tin | Gejiu City Fuxiang Industry and Trade Co., Ltd. | China | CID003410 |
Tungsten | NPP Tyazhmetprom LLC | Russian Federation | CID003416 |
Tungsten | GEM Co., Ltd. | China | CID003417 |
Gold | C.I Metales Procesados Industriales SAS | Colombia | CID003421 |
Gold | Eco-System Recycling Co., Ltd. North Plant | Japan | CID003424 |
Gold | Eco-System Recycling Co., Ltd. West Plant | Japan | CID003425 |
Tungsten | Albasteel Industria e Comercio de Ligas Para Fundicao Ltd. | Brazil | CID003427 |
Tin | PT Mitra Sukses Globalindo | Indonesia | CID003449 |
Gold | Augmont Enterprises Private Limited | India | CID003461 |
Gold | Kundan Care Products Ltd. | India | CID003463 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Metal | Smelter Name | Smelter Country | Smelter ID |
Tungsten | Cronimet Brasil Ltda | Brazil | CID003468 |
Tin | CRM Fundicao De Metais E Comercio De Equipamentos Eletronicos Do Brasil Ltda | Brazil | CID003486 |
Gold | Emerald Jewel Industry India Limited (Unit 1) | India | CID003487 |
Gold | Emerald Jewel Industry India Limited (Unit 2) | India | CID003488 |
Gold | Emerald Jewel Industry India Limited (Unit 3) | India | CID003489 |
Gold | Emerald Jewel Industry India Limited (Unit 4) | India | CID003490 |
Gold | K.A. Rasmussen | Norway | CID003497 |
Gold | Alexy Metals | United States Of America | CID003500 |
Tin | CRM Synergies | Spain | CID003524 |
Gold | Sancus ZFS (L’Orfebre, SA) | Colombia | CID003529 |
Gold | Sellem Industries Ltd. | Mauritania | CID003540 |
Gold | MD Overseas | India | CID003548 |
Tungsten | Artek LLC | Russian Federation | CID003553 |
Gold | Metallix Refining Inc. | United States Of America | CID003557 |
Gold | Metal Concentrators SA (Pty) Ltd. | South Africa | CID003575 |
Tin | Fabrica Auricchio Industria e Comercio Ltda. | Brazil | CID003582 |
Tantalum | Yancheng Jinye New Material Technology Co., Ltd. | China | CID003583 |
Tungsten | Fujian Xinlu Tungsten | China | CID003609 |
Tungsten | OOO “Technolom” 2 | Russian Federation | CID003612 |
Tungsten | OOO “Technolom” 1 | Russian Federation | CID003614 |
Gold | WEEEREFINING | France | CID003615 |
Gold | Value Trading | Belgium | CID003617 |
Appendix B – Countries of origin
This list of potential countries of origin is populated based on RMI validated smelters listed in our RCOI.
| | |
Afghanistan |
Åland Islands |
Albania |
American Samoa |
Andorra |
Angola |
Argentina |
Armenia |
Australia |
Austria |
Belarus |
Belgium |
Bermuda |
Bolivia (Plurinational State Of) |
Brazil |
Bulgaria |
Burundi |
Cambodia |
Canada |
Central African Republic |
Chile |
China |
Colombia |
Congo |
Democratic Republic of Congo |
Djibouti |
Dominica |
Dominican Republic |
Ecuador |
Egypt |
Eritrea |
Estonia |
Ethiopia |
Finland |
France |
Germany |
Ghana |
Guinea |
Guyana |
Hong Kong |
Hungary |
India |
Indonesia |
| | |
Ireland |
Israel |
Italy |
Japan |
Kazakhstan |
Kenya |
Korea, Republic Of |
Kyrgyzstan |
Liberia |
Lithuania |
Luxembourg |
Madagascar |
Malaysia |
Mali |
Mauritania |
Mexico |
Mongolia |
Morocco |
Mozambique |
Myanmar |
Namibia |
Netherlands |
New Zealand |
Niger |
Nigeria |
Panama |
Papua New Guinea |
Peru |
Philippines |
Poland |
Portugal |
Russian Federation |
Rwanda |
Saudi Arabia |
Sierra Leone |
Singapore |
Slovakia |
Slovenia |
South Africa |
South Sudan |
Spain |
Sudan |
Suriname |
Sweden |
Switzerland |
Taiwan, Province Of China |
Tajikistan |
| | |
Tanzania |
Thailand |
Turkey |
Uganda |
United Arab Emirates |
United Kingdom |
United States Of America |
Uzbekistan |
Viet Nam |
Zambia |
Zimbabwe |