Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses | Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses The following tables present the changes in the allowance for loan and lease losses and the recorded investment in loans and leases by portfolio segment for the periods indicated: Year Ended December 31, 2018 Commercial Real Estate Commercial Consumer Total (In Thousands) Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 27,112 $ 26,333 $ 5,147 $ 58,592 Charge-offs (103 ) (6,585 ) (540 ) (7,228 ) Recoveries — 2,287 290 2,577 Provision for loan and lease losses 1,178 3,248 325 4,751 Balance at December 31, 2018 $ 28,187 $ 25,283 $ 5,222 $ 58,692 Year Ended December 31, 2017 Commercial Real Estate Commercial Consumer Total (In Thousands) Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 27,645 $ 20,906 $ 5,115 $ 53,666 Charge-offs (494 ) (14,914 ) (403 ) (15,811 ) Recoveries 476 1,158 319 1,953 (Credit) provision for loan and lease losses (515 ) 19,183 116 18,784 Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 27,112 $ 26,333 $ 5,147 $ 58,592 Year Ended December 31, 2016 Commercial Real Estate Commercial Consumer Total (In Thousands) Balance at December 31, 2015 $ 30,151 $ 22,018 $ 4,570 $ 56,739 Charge-offs (2,169 ) (10,516 ) (1,982 ) (14,667 ) Recoveries — 642 750 1,392 Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses (337 ) 8,762 1,777 10,202 Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 27,645 $ 20,906 $ 5,115 $ 53,666 The liability for unfunded credit commitments, which is included in other liabilities, was $1.9 million , and $1.7 million , at December 31, 2018 , and 2017 , respectively. The changes in the liability for unfunded credit commitments reflect changes in the estimate of loss exposure associated with certain unfunded credit commitments. No credit commitments were charged off against the liability account in the years ended December 31, 2018 , and 2017 . Provision for Credit Losses The provisions for credit losses are set forth below for the periods indicated: Originated Acquired Total Year Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 2016 (In Thousands) Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses: Commercial real estate $ 254 $ (343 ) $ (750 ) $ 924 $ (172 ) $ 413 $ 1,178 $ (515 ) $ (337 ) Commercial 3,699 18,899 8,469 (451 ) 284 293 3,248 19,183 8,762 Consumer 556 273 1,263 (231 ) (157 ) 514 325 116 1,777 Total provision for loan and lease losses 4,509 18,829 8,982 242 (45 ) 1,220 4,751 18,784 10,202 Unfunded credit commitments 200 204 151 — — — 200 204 151 Total provision (credit) for credit losses $ 4,709 $ 19,033 $ 9,133 $ 242 $ (45 ) $ 1,220 $ 4,951 $ 18,988 $ 10,353 Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses Methodology Management has established a methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan and lease losses that assesses the risks and losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio. Additions to the allowance for loan and lease losses are made by charges to the provision for credit losses. Losses on loans and leases are charged off against the allowance when all or a portion of a loan or lease is considered uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries on loans previously charged off, if any, are credited to the allowance when realized. Management uses a consistent and systematic process and methodology to evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for loan and lease losses on a quarterly basis. For purposes of determining the allowance for loan and lease losses, the Company has segmented certain loans and leases in the portfolio by product type into the following segments: (1) commercial real estate loans, (2) commercial loans and leases, (3) consumer loans. Portfolio segments are further disaggregated into classes based on the associated risks within the segments. Commercial real estate loans are divided into three classes: commercial real estate loans, multi-family mortgage loans, and construction loans. Commercial loans and leases are divided into three classes: commercial loans which includes taxi medallion loans, equipment financing, and loans to condominium associations. Consumer loans are divided into three classes: residential mortgage loans, home equity loans, and other consumer loans. A formula-based credit evaluation approach is applied to each group, coupled with an analysis of certain loans for impairment. For each class of loan, management makes significant judgments in selecting the estimation method that fits the credit characteristics of its class and portfolio segment as set forth below. Also refer to Note 1, "Basis of Presentation," in the consolidated financial statements for more information on the Company's allowance of loan and lease losses methodology. The general allowance related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment is determined using a formula-based approach utilizing the risk ratings of individual credits and loss factors derived from historic portfolio loss rates, which include estimates of incurred losses over an estimated loss emergence period (“LEP”). The LEP was generated utilizing a charge-off look-back analysis which studied the time from the first indication of elevated risk of repayment (or other early event indicating a problem) to eventual charge-off to support the LEP considered in the allowance calculation. This reserving methodology established the approximate number of months of LEP that represents incurred losses for each portfolio. In addition to quantitative measures, relevant qualitative factors include, but are not limited to: (1) levels and trends in past due and impaired loans, (2) levels and trends in charge-offs, (3) changes in underwriting standards, policy exceptions, and credit policy, (4) experience of lending management and staff, (5) economic trends, (6) industry conditions, (7) effects of changes in credit concentrations, (8) interest rate environment, and (9) regulatory and other changes. The general allowance related to the acquired loans collectively evaluated for impairment is determined based upon the degree, if any, of deterioration in the pooled loans subsequent to acquisition. The qualitative factors used in the determination are the same as those used for originated loans. During the third quarter of 2015, the Company enhanced and refined its general allowance methodology to provide further quantification of probable losses in the portfolio. Under the enhanced methodology, management combined the historical loss histories of the Banks to generate a single set of ratios. Management believes it is appropriate to aggregate the ratios as the Banks share common environmental factors, operate in similar geographic markets, and utilize common underwriting standards in accordance with the Company's Credit Policy. In prior periods to the three months ended September 30, 2015, a historical loss history applicable to each Bank was used. Management employed a similar analysis for the consolidation of the qualitative factors as it did for the quantitative factors. Again, management believes the realignment of the existing nine qualitative factors used at each of the Banks into a single group of factors for use across the Company is appropriate based on the commonality of environmental factors, markets and underwriting standards among the Banks. In prior periods to the three months ended September 30, 2015, each of the Banks utilized a set of qualitative factors applicable to each Bank. Based on the refinements to the Company’s allowance methodology discussed above, management determined that the potential risks anticipated by the unallocated allowance are now incorporated into the allowance methodology, making the unallocated allowance unnecessary. In prior periods, the unallocated allowance was used to recognize the estimated risk associated with the allocated general and specific allowances. It incorporated management’s evaluation of existing conditions that were not included in the allocated allowance determinations and provided for losses that arise outside of the ordinary course of business. Specific valuation allowances are established for impaired originated loans with book values greater than the discounted present value of expected future cash flows or, in the case of collateral-dependent impaired loans, for any excess of a loan's book balance and the fair value of its underlying collateral. Specific valuation allowances are established for acquired loans with deterioration in the discounted present value of expected future cash flows since acquisitions or, in the case of collateral dependent impaired loans, for any increase in the excess of a loan's book balance greater than the fair value of its underlying collateral. A specific valuation allowance for losses on TDR loans is initially determined by comparing the net carrying amount of the troubled debt restructured loan with the restructured loan's cash flows discounted at the original effective rate. Impaired loans are reviewed quarterly with adjustments made to the calculated reserve as necessary. As of December 31, 2018 , management believes that the methodology for calculating the allowance provides a reasonable basis for determining and reporting on probable losses in the Company’s loan portfolios. As of December 31, 2018 , the Company had a portfolio of approximately $13.7 million in loans secured by taxi medallions issued by the cities of Boston and Cambridge. As of December 31, 2017 , this portfolio was approximately $19.7 million . Application-based mobile ride services, such as Uber and Lyft, have generated increased competition in the transportation sector, resulting in a reduction in taxi utilization and, as a result, a reduction in the collateral value and credit quality of taxi medallion loans. This has increased the likelihood that loans secured by taxi medallions may default, or that the borrowers may be unable to repay these loans at maturity, resulting in an increase in past due loans, troubled debt restructurings, and charge-offs. Therefore, beginning with the three months ended September 30, 2015, the Company’s allowance calculation included an enhanced segmentation of the commercial loans and leases to reflect the increased risk in the Company’s taxi medallion portfolio. This allowance calculation segmentation represents management’s estimations of the special risks associated with the taxi portfolio. As of December 31, 2018 , the Company had an allowance for loan and lease losses associated with taxi medallion loans of $2.5 million of which $1.9 million were specific reserves and $0.6 million was a general reserve. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company had a reserve for loan and lease losses associated with taxi medallion loans of $3.8 million of which $2.7 million were specific reserves and $1.1 million was a general reserve. The decrease in the allowance for loans associated with taxi medallion loans was primarily driven by the decrease in specific reserves due to the charge-offs to the portfolio. The total troubled debt restructured loans secured by taxi medallions remained consistent at $3.7 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017 . The total loans secured by taxi medallions that were placed on nonaccrual decreased to $3.7 million at December 31, 2018 from $7.8 million at December 31, 2017 . The decrease in total loans secured by taxi medallions was primarily driven by the charge-offs of $3.8 million and the pay down in taxi medallion loans. Further declines in demand for taxi services or further deterioration in the value of taxi medallions may result in higher delinquencies and losses beyond that provided for in the allowance for loan and lease losses. The general allowance for loan and lease losses was $55.6 million as of December 31, 2018 , compared to $55.5 million as of December 31, 2017 . The general portion of the allowance for loan and lease losses increased by $0.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 , as a result of the continued growth in the Company's loan portfolios, partly offset by the decrease in historical loss factors applied to the commercial loan portfolio. The specific allowance for loan and lease losses remained consistent at $3.1 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 . Credit Quality Assessment At the time of loan origination, a rating is assigned based on the capacity to pay and general financial strength of the borrower, the value of assets pledged as collateral, and the evaluation of third party support such as a guarantor. The Company periodically monitors the quality of the loan portfolio using all available information. The officer responsible for handling each loan is required to initiate changes to risk ratings when changes in facts and circumstances occur that warrant an upgrade or downgrade in a loan rating. Based on this information, loans demonstrating certain payment issues or other weaknesses may be categorized as delinquent, impaired, nonperforming and/or put on nonaccrual status. Additionally, in the course of resolving such loans, the Company may choose to restructure the contractual terms of certain loans to match the borrower's ability to repay the loan based on their current financial condition. If a restructured loan meets certain criteria, it may be categorized as a troubled debt restructuring. The Company reviews numerous credit quality indicators when assessing the risk in its loan portfolio. For all loans, the Company utilizes an eight-grade loan rating system, which assigns a risk rating to each borrower based on a number of quantitative and qualitative factors associated with a loan transaction. Factors considered include industry and market conditions; position within the industry; earnings trends; operating cash flow; asset/liability values; debt capacity; guarantor strength; management and controls; financial reporting; collateral; and other considerations. In addition, the Company's independent loan review group evaluates the credit quality and related risk ratings in all loan portfolios. The results of these reviews are reported to the Risk Committee of the Board of Directors on a periodic basis and annually to the Board of Directors. For the consumer loans, the Company heavily relies on payment status for calibrating credit risk. The ratings categories used for assessing credit risk in the commercial real estate, multi-family mortgage, construction, commercial, equipment financing, condominium association and other consumer loan and lease classes are defined as follows: 1 -4 Rating—Pass Loan rating grades "1" through "4" are classified as "Pass," which indicates borrowers are performing in accordance with the terms of the loan and are less likely to result in loss due to the capacity of the borrower to pay and the adequacy of the value of assets pledged as collateral. 5 Rating—Other Assets Especially Mentioned ("OAEM") Borrowers exhibit potential credit weaknesses or downward trends deserving management's attention. If not checked or corrected, these trends will weaken the Company's asset and position. While potentially weak, currently these borrowers are marginally acceptable; no loss of principal or interest is envisioned. 6 Rating—Substandard Borrowers exhibit well defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of debt. Substandard loans may be inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors or by the collateral pledged, if any. Normal repayment from the borrower is in jeopardy. Although no loss of principal is envisioned, there is a distinct possibility that a partial loss of interest and/or principal will occur if the deficiencies are not corrected. Collateral coverage may be inadequate to cover the principal obligation. 7 Rating—Doubtful Borrowers exhibit well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of debt with the added provision that the weaknesses make collection of the debt in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Serious problems exist to the point where partial loss of principal is likely. 8 Rating—Definite Loss Borrowers deemed incapable of repayment. Loans to such borrowers are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuation as active assets of the Company is not warranted. Assets rated as "OAEM," "substandard" or "doubtful" based on criteria established under banking regulations are collectively referred to as "criticized" assets. Credit Quality Information The following tables present the recorded investment in loans in each class as of December 31, 2018 by credit quality indicator. At December 31, 2018 Commercial Real Estate Multi- Family Mortgage Construction Commercial Equipment Financing Condominium Association Other Consumer Total (In Thousands) Originated: Loan rating: Pass $ 2,198,377 $ 799,483 $ 150,742 $ 685,773 $ 969,275 $ 50,186 $ 23,249 $ 4,877,085 OAEM 6,096 — — 3,726 52 — — 9,874 Substandard 4,431 330 396 22,870 6,895 265 11 35,198 Doubtful — — — 261 2,618 — — 2,879 Total originated 2,208,904 799,813 151,138 712,630 978,840 50,451 23,260 4,925,036 Acquired: Loan rating: Pass 111,919 47,715 22,162 23,250 3,240 — 110 208,396 OAEM 626 — — 236 — — — 862 Substandard 9,276 183 — 302 9 — — 9,770 Total acquired 121,821 47,898 22,162 23,788 3,249 — 110 219,028 Total loans $ 2,330,725 $ 847,711 $ 173,300 $ 736,418 $ 982,089 $ 50,451 $ 23,370 $ 5,144,064 As of December 31, 2018 , there were no loans categorized as definite loss. At December 31, 2018 Residential Mortgage Home Equity ($ In Thousands) Originated: Loan-to-value ratio: Less than 50% $ 171,523 21.9 % $ 142,534 37.9 % 50% - 69% 287,337 36.7 % 84,423 22.4 % 70% - 79% 173,870 22.2 % 73,898 19.6 % 80% and over 19,030 2.4 % 30,129 8.0 % Data not available* 1,299 0.2 % 30 — % Total originated 653,059 83.4 % 331,014 87.9 % Acquired: Loan-to-value ratio: Less than 50% 36,752 4.6 % 24,705 6.6 % 50%—69% 53,788 6.9 % 10,353 2.7 % 70%—79% 26,510 3.4 % 1,000 0.3 % 80% and over 6,701 0.9 % 4,348 1.2 % Data not available* 6,158 0.8 % 5,064 1.3 % Total acquired 129,909 16.6 % 45,470 12.1 % Total loans $ 782,968 100.0 % $ 376,484 100.0 % _______________________________________________________________________________ * Represents accounts for which data are not available. The following tables present the recorded investment in loans in each class as of December 31, 2017 by credit quality indicator. At December 31, 2017 Commercial Real Estate Multi- Family Mortgage Construction Commercial Equipment Financing Condominium Association Other Consumer Total (In Thousands) Originated: Loan rating: Pass $ 2,054,376 $ 735,313 $ 139,278 $ 670,265 $ 850,006 $ 52,619 $ 14,628 $ 4,516,485 OAEM 8,889 — — 7,691 3,630 — — 20,210 Substandard 5,926 608 860 17,681 5,012 — 39 30,126 Doubtful 201 — — 1,188 3,326 — — 4,715 Total originated 2,069,392 735,921 140,138 696,825 861,974 52,619 14,667 4,571,536 Acquired: Loan rating: Pass 94,244 24,459 — 6,643 4,501 — 104 129,951 OAEM 9,839 — — 265 — — 1 10,105 Substandard 1,494 290 — 1,271 13 — — 3,068 Total acquired 105,577 24,749 — 8,179 4,514 — 105 143,124 Total loans $ 2,174,969 $ 760,670 $ 140,138 $ 705,004 $ 866,488 $ 52,619 $ 14,772 $ 4,714,660 As of December 31, 2017 , there were no loans categorized as definite loss. At December 31, 2017 Residential Mortgage Home Equity ($ In Thousands) Originated: Loan-to-value ratio: Less than 50% $ 153,373 23.2 % $ 148,137 41.6 % 50%—69% 265,328 40.2 % 75,099 21.1 % 70%—79% 168,272 25.5 % 63,742 17.9 % 80% and over 16,547 2.5 % 27,122 7.6 % Data not available* 1,377 0.2 % 89 — % Total originated 604,897 91.6 % 314,189 88.2 % Acquired: Loan-to-value ratio: Less than 50% 16,521 2.5 % 25,312 7.1 % 50%—69% 19,182 2.9 % 13,883 3.9 % 70%—79% 10,507 1.6 % 943 0.3 % 80% and over 7,893 1.2 % 582 0.2 % Data not available* 1,065 0.2 % 1,045 0.3 % Total acquired 55,168 8.4 % 41,765 11.8 % Total loans $ 660,065 100.0 % $ 355,954 100.0 % _______________________________________________________________________________ * Represents accounts for which data are not available. The following table presents information regarding foreclosed residential real estate property for the periods indicated: At December 31, 2018 At December 31, 2017 (In Thousands) Recorded investment in mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in the process of foreclosure $ 121 $ 633 Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases The following tables present an age analysis of the recorded investment in total loans and leases as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 . At December 31, 2018 Past Due Loans and Leases Past Due Greater Than 90 Days and Accruing 31-60 Days 61-90 Days Greater Than 90 Days Total Current Total Loans and Leases Nonaccrual Loans and Leases (In Thousands) Originated: Commercial real estate loans: Commercial real estate $ 5,139 $ 896 $ 2,962 $ 8,997 $ 2,199,907 $ 2,208,904 $ 277 $ 3,806 Multi-family mortgage 893 — 145 1,038 798,775 799,813 — 330 Construction 297 — 396 693 150,445 151,138 — 396 Total commercial real estate loans 6,329 896 3,503 10,728 3,149,127 3,159,855 277 4,532 Commercial loans and leases: Commercial 2,021 582 6,244 8,847 703,783 712,630 1,962 6,421 Equipment financing 2,509 650 5,685 8,844 969,996 978,840 12 9,500 Condominium association 320 — — 320 50,131 50,451 — 265 Total commercial loans and leases 4,850 1,232 11,929 18,011 1,723,910 1,741,921 1,974 16,186 Consumer loans: Residential mortgage 400 — 1,597 1,997 651,062 653,059 — 1,842 Home equity 761 25 183 969 330,045 331,014 1 191 Other consumer 51 18 15 84 23,176 23,260 — 17 Total consumer loans 1,212 43 1,795 3,050 1,004,283 1,007,333 1 2,050 Total originated loans and leases $ 12,391 $ 2,171 $ 17,227 $ 31,789 $ 5,877,320 $ 5,909,109 $ 2,252 $ 22,768 (Continued) At December 31, 2018 Past Due Loans and Leases Past Due Greater Than 90 Days and Accruing 31-60 Days 61-90 Days Greater Than 90 Days Total Current Total Loans and Leases Nonaccrual Loans and Leases (In Thousands) Acquired: Commercial real estate loans: Commercial real estate $ — $ 215 $ 9,087 $ 9,302 $ 112,519 $ 121,821 $ 9,018 $ 122 Multi-family mortgage 348 — — 348 47,550 47,898 — — Construction 360 242 — 602 21,560 22,162 — — Total commercial real estate loans 708 457 9,087 10,252 181,629 191,881 9,018 122 Commercial loans and leases: Commercial 124 44 290 458 23,330 23,788 90 200 Equipment financing — — 9 9 3,240 3,249 9 — Total commercial loans and leases 124 44 299 467 26,570 27,037 99 200 Consumer loans: Residential mortgage — 371 2,113 2,484 127,425 129,909 2,113 290 Home equity 191 265 2 458 45,012 45,470 — 717 Other consumer — — — — 110 110 — — Total consumer loans 191 636 2,115 2,942 172,547 175,489 2,113 1,007 Total acquired loans and leases 1,023 1,137 11,501 13,661 380,746 394,407 11,230 1,329 Total loans and leases $ 13,414 $ 3,308 $ 28,728 $ 45,450 $ 6,258,066 $ 6,303,516 $ 13,482 $ 24,097 At December 31, 2017 Past Due Loans and Leases Past Due Greater Than 90 Days and Accruing 31-60 Days 61-90 Days Greater Than 90 Days Total Current Total Loans and Leases Nonaccrual Loans and Leases (In Thousands) Originated: Commercial real estate loans: Commercial real estate $ 3,294 $ 391 $ 1,843 $ 5,528 $ 2,063,864 $ 2,069,392 $ — $ 3,182 Multi-family mortgage 6,141 2,590 — 8,731 727,190 735,921 — 608 Construction 6,537 330 860 7,727 132,411 140,138 — 860 Total commercial real estate loans 15,972 3,311 2,703 21,986 2,923,465 2,945,451 — 4,650 Commercial loans and leases: Commercial 1,344 597 7,724 9,665 687,160 696,825 — 10,365 Equipment financing 3,214 2,494 3,203 8,911 853,063 861,974 224 8,106 Condominium association 857 262 — 1,119 51,500 52,619 — — Total commercial loans and leases 5,415 3,353 10,927 19,695 1,591,723 1,611,418 224 18,471 Consumer loans: Residential mortgage 1,256 166 728 2,150 602,747 604,897 — 1,979 Home equity 643 19 32 694 313,495 314,189 1 132 Other consumer 238 20 28 286 14,381 14,667 — 43 Total consumer loans 2,137 205 788 3,130 930,623 933,753 1 2,154 Total originated loans and leases $ 23,524 $ 6,869 $ 14,418 $ 44,811 $ 5,445,811 $ 5,490,622 $ 225 $ 25,275 (Continued) At December 31, 2017 Past Due Loans and Leases Past Due Greater Than 90 Days and Accruing 31-60 Days 61-90 Days Greater Than 90 Days Total Current Total Loans and Leases Nonaccrual Loans and Leases (In Thousands) Acquired: Commercial real estate loans: Commercial real estate $ 1,008 $ — $ 656 $ 1,664 $ 103,913 $ 105,577 $ 586 $ 131 Multi-family mortgage — — 3 3 24,746 24,749 3 — Total commercial real estate loans 1,008 — 659 1,667 128,659 130,326 589 131 Commercial loans and leases: Commercial — 44 1,022 1,066 7,113 8,179 17 1,254 Equipment financing — — 13 13 4,501 4,514 13 — Total commercial loans and leases — 44 1,035 1,079 11,614 12,693 30 1,254 Consumer loans: Residential mortgage — 463 1,990 2,453 52,715 55,168 1,990 — Home equity 508 — 186 694 41,071 41,765 186 612 Other consumer — — — — 105 105 — — Total consumer loans 508 463 2,176 3,147 93,891 97,038 2,176 612 Total acquired loans and leases 1,516 507 3,870 5,893 234,164 240,057 2,795 1,997 Total loans and leases $ 25,040 $ 7,376 $ 18,288 $ 50,704 $ 5,679,975 $ 5,730,679 $ 3,020 $ 27,272 Commercial Real Estate Loans —As of December 31, 2018 , loans outstanding in the three classes within this segment expressed as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding were as follows: commercial real estate loans ( 37.0% ); multi-family mortgage loans ( 13.4% ); and construction loans ( 2.7% ). Loans in this portfolio that are on nonaccrual status and/or risk-rated "substandard" or worse are evaluated on an individual loan basis for impairment. For non-impaired commercial real estate loans, loss factors are applied to outstanding loans by risk rating for each of the three classes in the portfolio. The factors applied are based primarily on historic loan loss experience and an assessment of internal and external factors and other relevant information. Commercial Loans and Leases —As of December 31, 2018 , loans and leases outstanding in the three classes within this segment expressed as a percent of total loans and leases outstanding were as follows: commercial loans and leases ( 11.7% ); equipment financing loans ( 15.6% ); and loans to condominium associations ( 0.8% ). Loans and leases in this portfolio that are on nonaccrual status and/or risk-rated "substandard" or worse are evaluated on an individual basis for impairment. For non-impaired commercial loans and leases, loss factors are applied to outstanding loans by risk rating for each of the three classes in the portfolio. Consumer Loans —As of December 31, 2018 , loans outstanding within the three classes within this segment expressed as a percent of total loans and leases outstanding were as follows: residential mortgage loans ( 12.4% ), home equity loans ( 6.0% ), and other consumer loans ( 0.4% ). Significant risk characteristics related to the residential mortgage and home equity loan portfolios are the geographic concentration of the properties financed within selected communities in the greater Boston and Providence metropolitan areas. The payment status and loan-to-value ratio are the primary credit quality indicator used for residential mortgage loans and home equity loans. Generally, loans are not made when the loan-to-value ratio exceeds 80% unless private mortgage insurance is obtained and/or there is a financially strong guarantor. Consumer loans that become 90 days or more past due, or are placed on nonaccrual regardless of past due status, are reviewed on an individual basis for impairment by assessing the net realizable value of underlying collateral and the economic condition of the borrower. Impaired Loans and Leases A loan is considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due (both interest and principal) according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The Company has defined the population of impaired loans to include nonaccrual loans and troubled debt restructured loans. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan or lease is in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal, under the cost recovery method. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan or lease is not in doubt and the loan or lease is on nonaccrual status, contractual interest is credited to interest income when received, under the cash basis method. The following tables include the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances of impaired loans and leases with the related allowance amount, if applicable, for the originated and acquired loan and lease portfolios at the dates indicated. Also presented are the average recorded investments in the impaired loans and leases and the related amount of interest recognized during the period that the impaired loans were impaired. At December 31, 2018 At December 31, 2017 Recorded (1) Unpaid Related Recorded Investment (2) Unpaid Related (In Thousands) Originated: With no related allowance recorded: Commercial real estate $ 5,569 $ 5,545 $ — $ 9,978 $ 9,962 $ — Commercial 30,927 31,053 — 24,906 25,040 — Consumer 2,989 2,978 — 3,508 3,500 — Total originated with no related allowance recorded 39,485 39,576 — 38,392 38,502 — With an allowance recorded: Commercial real estate 396 396 5 3,056 3,056 — Commercial 8,224 8,208 2,961 8,912 8,862 3,105 Consumer 665 664 89 — — — Total originated with an allowance recorded 9,285 9,268 3,055 11,968 11,918 3,105 Total originated impaired loans and leases 48,770 48,844 3,055 50,360 50,420 3,105 Acquired: With no related allowance recorded: Commercial real estate 9,538 9,538 — 1,880 1,880 — Commercial 531 531 — 1,594 1,594 — Consumer 4,772 4,772 — 4,736 4,736 — Total acquired with no related allowance recorded 14,841 14,841 — 8,210 8,210 — With an allowance recorded: Consumer 154 154 26 115 115 22 Total acquired with an allowance recorded 154 154 26 115 115 22 Total acquired impaired loans and leases 14,995 14,995 26 8,325 8,325 22 Total impaired loans and leases $ 63,765 $ 63,839 $ 3,081 $ 58,685 $ 58,745 $ 3,127 __________________________________________________________________________ (1) Includes originated and acquired nonaccrual loans of $22.7 million and $1.3 million , respectively as of December 31, 2018 . (2) Includes originated and acquired nonaccrual loans of $24.9 million and $2.0 million , respectively as of December 31, 2017 . Year Ended December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Average Interest Average Interest Average Interest (In Thousands) Originated: With no related allowance recorded: Commercial real estate $ 6,484 $ 87 $ 10,181 $ 277 $ 6,608 $ 152 Commercial 26,514 993 24,950 747 23,445 600 Consumer 2,801 54 4,330 58 4,126 76 Total originated with no related allowance recorded 35,799 1,134 39,461 1,082 34,179 828 With an allowance recorded: Commercial real estate 99 — 3,271 162 4,715 195 Commercial 9,026 96 18,382 1 9,915 6 Consumer 835 11 — — 124 — Total originated with an allowance recorded 9,960 107 21,653 163 14,754 201 Total originated impaired loans and leases 45,759 1,241 61,114 1,245 48,933 1,029 Acquired: With no related allowance recorded: Commercial real estate 9,868 7 4,005 55 8,906 151 Commercial 1,212 16 2,280 31 4,255 75 Consumer 5,061 61 5,295 69 7,537 68 Total acquired with no related allowance recorded 16,141 84 11,580 155 20,698 294 With an allowance recorded: Commercial real estate — — — — 1,093 — Commercial — — — — 364 — Consumer 135 4 151 4 431 8 Total acquired with an allowance recorded 135 4 151 4 1,888 8 Total acquired impaired loans and leases 16,276 88 11,731 159 22,586 302 Total impaired loans and leases $ 62,035 $ 1,329 $ 72,845 $ 1,404 $ 71,519 $ 1,331 The following tables present information regarding impaired and non-impaired loans and leases at the dates indicated: At December 31, 2018 Commercial Real Estate Commercial Consumer Total (In Thousands) Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses: Originated: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 5 $ 2,961 $ 89 $ 3,055 Collectively evaluated for impairment 26,617 22,131 5,075 53,823 Total originated loans and leases 26,622 25,092 5,164 56,878 Acquired: Individually evaluated for impairment — — 26 26 Collectively evaluated for impairment 32 83 20 135 Acquired with deteriorated credit quality 1,533 108 12 1,653 Total acquired loans and leases 1,565 191 58 1,814 Total allowance for loan and lease losses $ 28,187 $ 25,283 $ 5,222 $ 58,692 Loans and Leases: Originated: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 5,610 $ 32,127 $ 3,502 $ 41,239 Collectively evaluated for impairment 3,154,245 1,709,794 1,003,831 5,867,870 Total originated loans and leases 3,159,855 1,741,921 1,007,333 5, |