Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | PC CONNECTION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (amounts in thousands, except per share data) 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES We are a national solutions provider of a wide range of information technology (“IT”) solutions. We help our customers design, enable, manage, and service their IT environments. We provide IT products, including computer systems, software and peripheral equipment, networking communications, and other products and accessories that we purchase from manufacturers, distributors, and other suppliers. We also offer services involving design, configuration, and implementation of IT solutions. These services are performed by our personnel and by third-party providers. We operate through three sales segments, which serve primarily: (a) small- to medium-sized businesses, in our SMB segment, through our PC Connection Sales subsidiary, (b) large enterprise customers, in our Large Account segment, through our MoreDirect subsidiary, and (c) federal, state, and local government and educational institutions, in our Public Sector segment, through our GovConnection subsidiary. The following is a summary of our significant accounting policies: Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of PC Connection, Inc. and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned. Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts and disclosures of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts and disclosures of revenue and expenses during the period. By nature, estimates are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions. Revenue Recognition Revenue on product sales is recognized at the point in time when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the price is fixed or determinable, delivery has occurred, and there is a reasonable assurance of collection of the sales proceeds. We generally obtain oral or written purchase authorizations from our customers for a specified amount of product at a specified price. Because we either (i) have a general practice of covering customer losses while products are in-transit despite title transferring at the point of shipment or (ii) have FOB–destination shipping terms specifically set out in our arrangements with federal agencies and certain commercial customers, delivery is deemed to have occurred at the point in time when the product is received by the customer. We provide our customers with a limited thirty-day right of return generally limited to defective merchandise. Revenue is recognized at delivery and a reserve for sales returns is recorded. We make reasonable and reliable estimates of product returns based on significant historical experience and record our sales reserves as a reduction of revenues and either as offsets to accounts receivable or, for customers who have already paid, as offsets to accrued expenses. At December 31, 2016, we recorded sales reserves of $3,709 and $220 as components of accounts receivable and accrued expenses, respectively. At December 31, 2015, we recorded sales reserves of $3,235 and $178 as components of accounts receivable and accrued expenses, respectively. All amounts billed to a customer in a sales transaction related to shipping and handling, if any, represent revenues earned for the goods provided, and these amounts have been classified as “net sales.” Costs related to such shipping and handling billings are classified as “cost of sales.” Sales are reported net of sales, use, or other transaction taxes that are collected from customers and remitted to taxing authorities. We use our own engineering personnel in projects involving the design and installation of systems and networks, and we also engage third-party service providers to perform warranty maintenance, implementations, asset disposals, and other services. This service revenue represents a small percentage of our consolidated revenue. We evaluate such engagements to determine whether we or the third party assumes the general risk and reward of ownership in these transactions. For those transactions in which we do not assume the risk and reward but instead act as an agent, we recognize the transaction revenue on a net basis. Under net sales recognition, the cost of the third party is recorded as a reduction to the selling price, resulting in net sales being equal to the gross profit on the transaction. In those engagements in which we are the principal and primary obligor, we report the sale on a gross basis, and the cost of the service provider is recognized in cost of goods sold. Similarly, we recognize revenue from agency sales transactions on a net sales basis. In agency sales transactions, we facilitate product sales by equipment and software manufacturers directly to our customers and receive agency, or referral, fees for such transactions. We do not take title to the products or assume any maintenance or return obligations in these transactions; title is passed directly from the supplier to our customer. Amounts recognized on a net basis included in net sales for such third-party services and agency sales transactions were $30,234, $24,158, and $25,696 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. In certain revenue arrangements, our contracts require that we provide multiple units of hardware, software, or services deliverables. Under these multiple-element arrangements, each service performed and product delivered is considered a separate deliverable and qualifies as a separate unit of accounting. For material multiple element arrangements, we allocate revenue based on vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value of the underlying services and products. If we were to enter into a multiple element arrangement in which vendor-specific objective evidence was not available, we would utilize third-party evidence to allocate the selling price. If neither vendor-specific objective evidence nor third-party evidence was available, we would estimate the selling price based on market price and company specific factors. Cost of Sales and Certain Other Costs Cost of sales includes the invoice cost of the product, direct employee and third party cost of services, direct costs of packaging, inbound and outbound freight, and provisions for inventory obsolescence, adjusted for discounts, rebates, and other vendor allowances. Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. The carrying value of our cash equivalents approximates fair value. The majority of payments due from credit card processors and banks for third-party credit card and debit card transactions process within one to five business days. All credit card and debit card transactions that process in less than seven days are classified as cash and cash equivalents. Amounts due from banks for credit card transactions classified as cash equivalents totaled $4,345 and $6,786 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Accounts Receivable We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and adjust credit limits based on payment history and customer creditworthiness. We maintain an allowance for estimated doubtful accounts based on our historical experience and the customer credit issues identified. Our customers do not post collateral for open accounts receivable. We monitor collections regularly and adjust the allowance for doubtful accounts as necessary to recognize any changes in credit exposure. Trade receivables are written off in the period in which they are deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of trade receivables previously charged are recorded when received. Inventories Inventories (all finished goods) consisting of software packages, computer systems, and peripheral equipment, are stated at cost (determined under a weighted-average cost method which approximates the first-in, first-out method) or market, whichever is lower. Inventory quantities on hand are reviewed regularly, and allowances are maintained for obsolete, slow moving, and nonsalable inventory. Vendor Consideration We receive funding from merchandise vendors for price protections, discounts, product rebates, and other programs. These allowances are treated as a reduction of the vendor’s prices and are recorded as adjustments to cost of sales or inventory, as applicable. Allowances for product rebates that require certain volumes of product sales or purchases are recorded as the related milestones are probable of being met. Advertising Costs and Vendor Consideration Costs of producing and distributing catalogs are charged to expense in the period in which the catalogs are first circulated. Other advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Vendors have the ability to place advertisements in our catalogs or fund other advertising activities for which we receive advertising consideration. This vendor consideration, to the extent that it represents specific reimbursements of incremental and identifiable costs, is offset against SG&A expenses. Advertising consideration that cannot be associated with a specific program or that exceeds the fair value of advertising expense associated with that program is classified as an offset to cost of sales. Our vendor partners generally consolidate their funding of advertising and other marketing programs, and accordingly, we classify substantially all vendor consideration as a reduction of cost of sales rather than a reduction of advertising expense. Advertising expense, which is classified as a component of SG&A expenses, totaled $16,083, $15,689, and $15,767, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is provided for financial reporting purposes over the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from three to seven years. Computer software, including licenses and internally developed software, is capitalized and amortized over lives ranging from three to seven years. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements and facilities under capital leases are amortized over the terms of the related leases or their useful lives, whichever is shorter, whereas for income tax reporting purposes, they are amortized over the applicable tax lives. Costs incurred to develop internal-use software during the application development stage are recorded in property and equipment at cost. External direct costs of materials and services consumed in developing or obtaining internal-use computer software and payroll-related costs for employees developing internal-use computer software projects, to the extent of their time spent directly on the project and specific to application development, are capitalized. When events or circumstances indicate a potential impairment, we evaluate the carrying value of property and equipment based upon current and anticipated undiscounted cash flows. We recognize impairment when it is probable that such estimated future cash flows will be less than the asset carrying value. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Our intangible assets consist of (1) goodwill, which is not subject to amortization; (2) an internet domain name, which is an indefinite-lived intangible not subject to amortization; and (3) amortizing intangibles, which consist of customer lists, trade names, and certain technology licensing agreements, which are being amortized over their useful lives. Note 3 describes the annual impairment methodology that we employ on January 1 st of each year in calculating the recoverability of goodwill and non-amortizing intangibles. This same impairment test is performed at other times during the course of a year should an event occur or circumstance change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Recoverability of amortizing intangible assets is assessed only when events have occurred that may give rise to impairment. When a potential impairment has been identified, forecasted undiscounted net cash flows of the operations to which the asset relates are compared to the current carrying value of the long-lived assets present in that operation. If such cash flows are less than such carrying amounts, long-lived assets including such intangibles, are written down to their respective fair values. Concentrations Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade account receivables are limited due to the large number of customers comprising our customer base. No single customer accounted for more than 2% of total net sales in 2016, 2015, and 2014. While no single agency of the federal government comprised more than 2% of total sales, aggregate sales to the federal government as a percentage of total net sales were 7.5%, 6.7%, and 6.5% in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. Product purchases from Ingram Micro, Inc. (“Ingram”), our largest supplier, accounted for approximately 21% of our total product purchases in 2016 and 2015, respectively, and 25% in 2014. Purchases from Synnex Corporation (“Synnex”) comprised 13%, 15%, and 13% of our total product purchases in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. No other vendor supplied more than 10% of our total product purchases in 2016, 2015, or 2014. We believe that, while we may experience some short-term disruption, alternative sources for products obtained directly from Ingram and Synnex are available to us. Products manufactured by HP represented 20% of our net sales in 2016 and 22% in both 2015 and 2014. We believe that in the event we experience either a short-term or permanent disruption of supply of HP products, such disruption would likely have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per common share is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding adjusted for the incremental shares attributable to nonvested stock units and stock options outstanding, if dilutive. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share: 2016 2015 2014 Numerator: Net income $ $ $ Denominator: Denominator for basic earnings per share Dilutive effect of employee stock awards Denominator for diluted earnings per share Earnings per share: Basic $ $ $ Diluted $ $ $ For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, the following outstanding nonvested stock units and stock options were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect: 2016 2015 2014 Employee stock awards — — 98 Comprehensive Income We had no items of comprehensive income, other than our net income for each of the periods presented. Recently Issued Financial Accounting Standards On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which amends the existing accounting standards for revenue recognition. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In July 2015, the FASB voted to amend ASU 2014-09 by approving a one-year deferral of the mandatory effective date as well as providing the option to early adopt the standard on the original effective date. Accordingly, the Company may adopt the standard in either its first quarter of 2017 or 2018. An entity may choose to adopt the new standard either retrospectively or through a cumulative effect adjustment as of the start of the first period for which it applies the new standard. We are in the process of determining the effect that the adoption will have on our consolidated financial statements. Based on our analysis to date, we have reached the following tentative conclusions regarding the new standard and how we expect it to affect our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures: · We expect to adopt the standard in the first quarter of 2018 and will not early adopt. · We expect to use the full restrospective method. Such method provides that upon applying the new standard, prior periods will be retrospectively adjusted and the cumulative effect of the change recognized in the opening retained earnings as of January 1, 2016. · We believe that since substantially all of our revenue is contractual, substantially all of our revenue falls within the scope of ASU No. 2014-09, as amended. · As discussed above, our hardware and software revenue is generally recognized on a gross basis upon delivery. Upon adoption of the new standard, we do not expect this to change. However, we are continuing to analyze each of our material revenue streams to determine any changes that may be required under the new standard. · As discussed above, we hold inventories not available for sale related to certain product sales transactions in which we are warehousing the product and will be deploying the product to our clients’ designated locations subsequent to period-end. We are currently still evaluating the effect of the new standard on our inventories not available for sale to identify the differing performance conditions within the underlying contracts and to determine if a portion of revenue under the contracts should be recognized at an earlier point in time than we are recognizing under current accounting standards. · We expect that our disclosures in our notes to our consolidated financial statements related to revenue recognition will be significantly expanded under the new standard. Our analysis and evaluation of the new standard will continue through its effective date in the first quarter of 2018. A substantial amount of work remains to be completed due to the complexity of the new standard, the application of judgment, and the requirement for the use of estimates in applying the new standard, as well as the volume of our client portfolio and the related terms and conditions of our contracts that must be reviewed. In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory , which modifies existing requirements regarding measuring inventory at the lower of cost or market. Under existing standards, the market amount requires consideration of replacement cost, net realizable value (NRV), and NRV less an approximately normal profit margin. The new ASU replaces market with NRV, defined as estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. This eliminates the need to determine and consider replacement cost or NRV less an approximately normal profit margin when measuring inventory. This standard is effective for the Company prospectively beginning January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2015-11 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes , to simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes. Under the new standard, both deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets are required to be classified as non-current on the consolidated balance sheet. ASU 2015-17 will become effective for fiscal years, and the interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016 with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2015-17 on January 1, 2016, prospectively, as permitted, and reclassified $7,909 of current deferred tax assets to non-current liabilities upon adoption of the standard. The prior reporting period was not retroactively adjusted. The adoption of the guidance had no impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases . The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than twelve months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation–Stock Compensation (Topic 718) . The new standard simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. Under this guidance, a company recognizes all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement. This change eliminates the notion of the additional paid-in capital pool and reduces the complexity in accounting for excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies. The new standard is effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods, however, early adoption is allowed. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-09 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairments by eliminating step two from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. ASU 2017-04 also clarifies the requirements for excluding and allocating foreign currency translation adjustments to reporting units related to an entity's testing of reporting units for goodwill impairment and clarifies that an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. ASU 2017-04 is effective for us beginning January 1, 2020 for both interim and annual reporting periods. We are currently assessing the potential impact of the adoption of ASC 2017-04 on our consolidated financial statements. |