Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES PC Connection, Inc. is a leading solutions provider of a wide range of information technology, or IT, solutions. The Company help its customers design, enable, manage, and service their IT environments. The Company provides IT products, including computer systems, software and peripheral equipment, networking communications, and other products and accessories that it purchases from manufacturers, distributors, and other suppliers. The Company also offers services involving design, configuration, and implementation of IT solutions. These services are performed by the Company’s personnel and by first-party service providers. The Company operates through three sales segments: (a) the Business Solutions segment, which serves small- to medium-sized businesses, through its PC Connection Sales subsidiary, (b) the Enterprise Solutions segment, which serves large enterprise customers, through its MoreDirect subsidiary, and (c) the Public Sector Solutions segment, which serves federal, state, and local governmental and educational institutions, through its GovConnection subsidiary. The following is a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies: Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of PC Connection, Inc. and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned. Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts and disclosures of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts and disclosures of revenue and expenses during the period. By nature, estimates are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions. Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation Certain 2017 amounts have been reclassified for consistency with current year presentation. Restructuring and other charges have been separated from selling, general, and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. These charges amount to $703, $967, and $3,636 for the years ending December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. This change in classification does not affect previously reported net income or earnings per share figures in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Revenue Recognition On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606— Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), which replaced existing revenue recognition rules with a comprehensive revenue measurement and recognition standard and expanded disclosure requirements. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. The Company enters into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. In most instances, when several performance obligations are aggregated into one single transaction, these performance obligations are fulfilled at the same point in time. The Company accounts for an arrangement when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability of consideration is probable. The Company generally obtains oral or written purchase authorizations from its customers for a specified amount of product at a specified price, which constitutes an arrangement. Revenue is recognized at the amount expected to be collected, net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. The Company generally invoices for its products at the time of shipping, and accordingly there is not a significant financing component included in our arrangements. Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, revenue on product sales was recognized at the point in time when persuasive evidence of an arrangement existed, the price was fixed or determinable, delivery had occurred, and there was a reasonable assurance of collection of the sales proceeds. Service revenue was recognized over time as the services were performed. The Company evaluated such engagements to determine whether it or the third party assumed the general risk and reward of ownership in these transactions. This evaluation was the basis by which we determined that revenue from these transactions would be recognized on a gross or a net basis. In multiple-element revenue arrangements, each service performed and product delivered was considered a separate deliverable and qualified as a separate unit of accounting. For material multiple element arrangements, the Company allocated revenue based on vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value of the underlying services and products. In the absence of vendor-specific objective evidence, the Company would utilize third-party evidence to allocate the selling price. If neither vendor-specific objective evidence nor third-party evidence was available, the Company would estimate the selling price based on market price and company-specific factors . Cost of Sales and Certain Other Costs Cost of sales includes the invoice cost of the product, direct employee and third party cost of services, direct costs of packaging, inbound and outbound freight, and provisions for inventory obsolescence, adjusted for discounts, rebates, and other vendor allowances. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. The carrying value of our cash equivalents approximates fair value. The majority of payments due from credit card processors and banks for third-party credit card and debit card transactions process within one to five business days. All credit card and debit card transactions that process in less than seven days are classified as cash and cash equivalents. Amounts due from banks for credit card transactions classified as cash equivalents totaled $5,553 and $2,651 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Accounts Receivable The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and adjusts credit limits based on payment history and customer creditworthiness. The Company maintains an allowance for estimated doubtful accounts based on its historical experience and the customer credit issues identified. The Company’s customers do not post collateral for open accounts receivable. The Company monitors collections regularly and adjusts the allowance for doubtful accounts as necessary to recognize any changes in credit exposure. Trade receivables are written off in the period in which they are deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of trade receivables previously charged are recorded when received. Inventories Inventories (all finished goods) consisting of software packages, computer systems, and peripheral equipment, are stated at cost (determined under a weighted-average cost method which approximates the first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value, whichever is lower. Inventory quantities on hand are reviewed regularly, and allowances are maintained for obsolete, slow moving, and nonsalable inventory. Vendor Consideration The Company receives funding from merchandise vendors for price protections, discounts, product rebates, and other programs. These allowances are treated as a reduction of the vendor’s prices and are recorded as adjustments to cost of sales. Allowances for product rebates that require certain volumes of product sales or purchases are recorded as the related milestones are probable of being met. Advertising Costs and Vendor Consideration Vendors have the ability to fund advertising activities for which the Company receives advertising consideration. This vendor consideration, to the extent that it represents specific reimbursements of incremental and identifiable costs, is offset against SG&A expenses. Advertising consideration that cannot be associated with a specific program or that exceeds the fair value of advertising expense associated with that program is classified as an offset to cost of sales. The Company’s vendor partners generally consolidate their funding of advertising and other marketing programs, and accordingly, the Company classifies substantially all vendor consideration as a reduction of cost of sales rather than a reduction of advertising expense. Other advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense, which is classified as a component of SG&A expenses, totaled $19,407, $16,244, and $14,437, for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is provided for financial reporting purposes over the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from three to seven years. Computer software, including licenses and internally developed software, is capitalized and amortized over lives generally ranging from three to seven years. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements and facilities under capital leases are amortized over the terms of the related leases or their useful lives, whichever is shorter, whereas for income tax reporting purposes, they are amortized over the applicable tax lives. Costs incurred to develop internal-use software during the application development stage are recorded in property and equipment at cost. External direct costs of materials and services consumed in developing or obtaining internal-use computer software and payroll-related costs for employees developing internal-use computer software projects, to the extent of their time spent directly on the project and specific to application development, are capitalized. When events or circumstances indicate a potential impairment, the Company evaluates the carrying value of property and equipment based upon current and anticipated undiscounted cash flows. The Company recognizes impairment when it is probable that such estimated future cash flows will be less than the asset carrying value. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets The Company’s intangible assets consist of (1) goodwill, which is not subject to amortization; (2) an internet domain name, which is an indefinite-lived intangible not subject to amortization; and (3) amortizing intangibles, which consist of customer lists, trade names, and customer relationships, which are being amortized over their useful lives. Note 3 describes the annual impairment methodology that the Company uses each year in calculating the recoverability of goodwill and non-amortizing intangibles. This same impairment test is performed at other times during the course of a year should an event occur or circumstance change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Recoverability of amortizing intangible assets is assessed only when events have occurred that may give rise to impairment. When a potential impairment has been identified, forecasted undiscounted net cash flows of the operations to which the asset relates are compared to the current carrying value of the long-lived assets present in that operation. If such cash flows are less than such carrying amounts, long-lived assets including such intangibles, are written down to their respective fair values. Concentrations Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade account receivables are limited due to the large number of customers comprising the Company’s customer base. No single customer accounted for more than 4% of total net sales in 2019, 2018, and 2017. While no single agency of the federal government comprised more than 3% of total sales, aggregate sales to the federal government as a percentage of total net sales were 6.9%, 5.4%, and 7.8% in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Product purchases from Ingram Micro, Inc. (“Ingram”), the Company’s largest supplier, and Synnex accounted for approximately 21% and 14%, respectively, of the Company’s total product purchases in 2019. No other vendor supplied more than 10% of the Company’s total product purchases in the year. In addition to these vendors, product purchases from other distributors, such as Dell, HP Inc. and Tech Data comprised a total of 59% of our product purchases in 2019. The Company believes that, while it may experience some short-term disruption if products from Ingram, Synnex, or any of its other large suppliers become unavailable to us, alternative sources for these products are available. Products manufactured by Hewlett Packard Enterprise and HP Inc. collectively represented approximately 19% of the Company’s net sales in 2019, 18% in 2018 and 20% in 2017. We believe that in the event we experience either a short-term or permanent disruption of supply of HP products, such disruption would likely have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and cash flows. Restructuring and other charges Restructuring and other charges are presented separately from SG&A expenses. Costs incurred were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Employee separations $ 553 $ 967 $ 640 Lease termination costs 150 — — Relocation expenses — — 84 Employee compensation — — 2,800 Other — — 112 Total restructuring and other charges $ 703 $ 967 $ 3,636 The restructuring and other charges recorded in 2019 were related to a reduction in workforce in our Headquarters/Other group and included cash severance payments and other related benefits. These costs will be paid within a year of termination and any unpaid amounts are included in accrued expenses at December 31, 2019. Also included in net restructuring charges were exit costs incurred associated with the closing of one of our office facilities. The restructuring and other charges recorded in 2018 were related to a reduction in workforce at our Business Solutions, Public Sector Solutions, and Headquarter segments and included cash severance payments and other related benefits. The restructuring and other charges recorded in 2017 were primarily driven by a reduction in workforce at our Headquarters segment, along with costs related to the Softmart business, which was acquired in 2016, including expenses to retain certain key personnel brought over in the acquisition. Also in 2017, we incurred additional expense of $2,700 related to a one-time cash bonus paid to all non-executive employees at the end of the year. Overall, restructuring and other charges consist primarily of employee termination benefits, which are accrued in the period incurred and paid within a year of termination. Included in accrued expenses at December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 were $110, $784, and $2, respectively, related to unpaid employee termination benefits. The amount accrued as of December 31, 2019 is expected to be paid in 2020. Other restructuring-related charges such as acquisition costs, relocation expenses and significant marketing campaigns are expensed and paid as incurred. All planned restructuring and other charges were incurred as of December 31, 2019 and we have no ongoing restructuring plans. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per common share is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding adjusted for the incremental shares attributable to nonvested stock units and stock options outstanding, if dilutive. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share: 2019 2018 2017 Numerator: Net income $ 82,111 $ 64,592 $ 54,857 Denominator: Denominator for basic earnings per share 26,335 26,717 26,771 Dilutive effect of employee stock awards 170 137 120 Denominator for diluted earnings per share 26,505 26,854 26,891 Earnings per share: Basic $ 3.12 $ 2.42 $ 2.05 Diluted $ 3.10 $ 2.41 $ 2.04 For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the Company did not exclude any outstanding nonvested stock units or stock options from the computation of diluted earnings per share because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect. Other Income, Net Other income, net for the year ended December 31, 2019 consisted of interest income of $810, which was partially offset by interest expense of $103. Other income, net for the year ended December 31, 2018 consisted of $2,255 related to a gain, net of costs incurred of $745, that was realized upon execution of a favorable $3,000 cash resolution of a contract dispute that arose in 2017. The Company included the $3,000 it was owed in other assets as of December 31, 2018. Also included in other income, net for the year ended December 31, 2018 was interest income of $868, offset partially by interest expense of $145. Other income, net for the year ended December 31, 2017 consisted of interest income of $224, which was partially offset by interest expense of $126. Comprehensive Income The Company had no items of comprehensive income, other than its net income for each of the periods presented. Adoption of Recently Issued Financial Accounting Standards ASC 842 In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the FASB, issued ASC 842 - Leases , which amended the accounting standards for leases. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should establish a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than twelve months. The Company adopted ASC 842 effective January 1, 2019 using a modified retrospective transition approach to each lease that existed as of the adoption date and any leases entered into after that date. The Company elected the package of practical expedients which permits it to not reassess (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) the lease classification of any expired or existing leases, and (3) any initial direct costs for any existing leases as of the effective date. The Company also elected the hindsight practical expedient, which allows it to use hindsight in determining the lease term. The adoption did not result in a cumulative adjustment to opening equity. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. In assessing the impact of the adoption, the Company elected to apply the short-team lease exception to any leases with contractual obligations of one year or less. In accordance with the new accounting standard, these leases will not have a ROU asset and associated lease liability on the balance sheet. Instead, rent will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Consequently, the adoption resulted in the capitalization of a number of the Company’s office leases as of January 1, 2019, for which it recognized a lease liability of $18,835, which was based on the present value of the future payments for these leases. The Company recorded a corresponding right-of-use asset of $18,723, which was adjusted for $114 of remaining unamortized lease incentives as of December 31, 2018. Only those components that were considered integral to the right to use an underlying asset were considered lease components when determining the amounts to capitalize. None of the nonlease components identified were capitalized and are instead expensed as incurred. In accordance with ASC 842, the discount rates used in the present value calculations for each lease should be the rates implicit in the lease, if readily available. Since none of the lease agreements contain an implicit rate that is readily available, the Company utilized estimated rates that it would have incurred to borrow, over a similar term, the funds necessary to purchase the respective leased asset with cash. The remaining contractual term for these leases as of January 1, 2019 ranged from 20 to 197 months. Options to renew were considered in determining the present value of the future lease payments in the event the Company believed it was reasonably certain it will assert its respective options to renew. ASC 606 On May 28, 2014, the FASB issued ASC 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers , which amended the accounting standards for revenue recognition and expanded our disclosure requirements. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. On January 1, 2018 the Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective transition method, which resulted in an adjustment at January 1, 2018 to retained earnings for the cumulative effect of applying the standard to all contracts not completed as of the adoption date. Upon adoption we recorded $1,197 as an increase to retained earnings. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The adoption resulted in an acceleration of the timing of revenue recognized for certain transactions where product that remained in the Company’s possession has been recognized as of the transaction date when all revenue recognition criteria have been met. The following table presents the effect of the adoption of ASC 606 on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of January 1, 2018: Adjustments Balance at due to Balance at December 31, 2017 ASC 606 January 1, 2018 Balance Sheet Assets Accounts receivable, net $ 449,682 $ 14,568 $ 464,250 Inventories 106,753 (10,869) 95,884 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 5,737 (132) 5,605 Long-term accounts receivable — 1,890 1,890 Other assets 5,638 (3,914) 1,724 Liabilities Accounts payable 194,257 (62) 194,195 Accrued expenses and other liabilities 31,096 (312) 30,784 Accrued payroll 22,662 291 22,953 Deferred income taxes 15,696 429 16,125 Stockholders' Equity Retained earnings $ 383,673 $ 1,197 $ 384,870 In addition to the timing of revenue recognition impacted by the above-described transactions, upon adoption of ASC 606, the amount of revenue to be recognized prospectively was affected by the presentation of revenue transactions as an agent instead of principal in certain transactions. Specifically, revenue related to the sale of cloud products, as well as certain security software, is now being recognized net of costs as the Company determined that it acts as an agent in these transactions. These sales are recorded on a net basis at a point in time when the Company’s vendor and the customer accept the terms and conditions in the sales arrangement. In addition, the Company sells third-party software maintenance that is delivered over time either separately or bundled with the software license. The Company has determined that software maintenance is a distinct performance obligation that it does not control, and accordingly, the Company acts as an agent in these transactions and recognizes the related revenue on a net basis under ASC 606. The Company previously recognized revenue for cloud products, security software, and software maintenance on a gross basis (i.e., acting as a principal). This change reduced both net sales and cost of sales with no impact on reported gross profit as compared to the Company’s prior accounting policies. The following tables present the effect of the adoption of ASC 606 on the Company’s consolidated income statement and balance sheet for the year ended December 31, 2018 and as of December 31, 2018, respectively: Year Ended December 31, 2018 Balances without As Adoption of Reported Adjustments ASC 606 Income statement Revenues Net sales $ 2,699,489 $ 404,690 $ 3,104,179 Costs and expenses Cost of sales 2,288,403 403,737 2,692,140 Income from operations 85,686 750 86,436 Income before taxes 88,664 750 89,414 Net income 64,592 526 65,118 December 31, 2018 Balances without As Adoption of Reported Adjustments ASC 606 Balance Sheet Assets Accounts receivable, net $ 447,698 $ (6,949) $ 440,749 Inventories 119,195 4,798 123,993 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 9,661 148 9,809 Other assets 1,211 3,914 5,125 Liabilities Accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 33,840 $ 2,904 $ 36,744 Accrued payroll 24,319 (116) 24,203 Deferred income taxes 17,184 (219) 16,965 Stockholders' Equity Retained earnings $ 441,010 $ (657) $ 440,353 The Company has elected the use of certain practical expedients in its adoption of the new standard, which includes continuing to record revenue reported net of applicable taxes imposed on the related transaction and the application of the new standard to all arrangements not completed as of the adoption date. The Company has also elected to use the practical expedient to not account for the shipping and handling as separate performance obligations. Adoptions of the standard related to revenue recognition had no net impact on our consolidated statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2017. The new standard simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. Under this guidance, a company recognizes all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement. This change eliminates the notion of the additional paid-in capital pool and reduces the complexity in accounting for excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies. The primary impact of the adoption was the recognition of excess tax benefits related to equity compensation in the Company’s provision for income taxes rather than paid-in capital, which is a change required to be applied on a prospective basis in accordance with the new guidance. There were no unrecognized excess tax benefits at implementation. Accordingly, the Company recorded discrete income tax benefits in the consolidated statements of income of $1,054 in the year ended December 31, 2017, for excess tax benefits related to equity compensation. The corresponding cash flows were reflected in cash provided by operating activities instead of financing activities, as was previously required. The Company adopted the cash flow presentation that requires presentation of excess tax benefits within operating activities on a prospective basis. Additionally, under ASU 2016-09, the Company has elected to continue to estimate equity award forfeitures expected to occur to determine the amount of compensation cost to be recognized in each period. Additional amendments to the accounting for income taxes and minimum statutory withholding tax requirements had no impact on the Company’s results of operations. The presentation requirements for cash flows related to employee taxes paid for withheld shares also had no impact to any of the periods presented in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows since such cash flows have historically been presented as a financing activity. Recently Issued Financial Accounting Standards In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairments by eliminating step two from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. ASU 2017-04 also clarifies the requirements for excluding and allocating foreign currency translation adjustments to reporting units related to an entity's testing of reporting units for goodwill impairment and clarifies that an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning January 1, 2020 for both interim and annual reporting periods. The Company expects to adopt this standard in the first quarter of 2020 and it does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses , which adds an impairment model for financial instruments, including trade receivables, that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of lifetime expected losses, which is expected to result in more timely recognition of such losses. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 for both interim and annual reporting periods. The Company has evaluated the requirements of this ASU and determined that the potential exposure is limited to the impact this standard may have on its trade receivables. The Company does not currently have any other financial instruments that would be affected by this standard. Customers are evaluated for their credit worthiness at the time of contract inception. Based on the results of the assessment, the Company will extend credit under its standard payment terms or may request alternative early payment actions. In addition, the Company analyzes its aged receivables for collectability at least quarterly, and if necessary, records a reserve against those receivable it determines may not be collectable. As such, the Company does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. |