MicroStrategy (MSTR) 10-K 7 Feb 18 2017 FY Annual report Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Jan. 26, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2017
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2,017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Trading Symbol	MSTR
Entity Registrant Name	MICROSTRATEGY INC
Entity Central Index Key	1,050,446
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Public Float			$ 1,807.9
Class A
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		9,411,810
Class B Convertible
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		2,035,184

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 420,244	$ 401,975
Restricted cash	938	737
Short-term investments	254,927	187,408
Accounts receivable, net	69,500	83,319
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	18,002	11,548
Total current assets	763,611	684,987
Property and equipment, net	53,359	57,436
Capitalized software development costs, net	2,499	8,497
Deposits and other assets	2,868	5,695
Deferred tax assets, net	13,391	11,704
Total assets	835,728	768,319
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	30,711	36,628
Accrued compensation and employee benefits	41,498	43,323
Deferred revenue and advance payments, net	112,649	105,535
Total current liabilities	184,858	185,486
Deferred revenue and advance payments, net	10,181	13,915
Other long-term liabilities	50,146	16,447
Deferred tax liabilities	4	294
Total liabilities	245,189	216,142
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock undesignated, $0.001 par value; 5,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding	0	0
Additional paid-in capital	559,918	543,974
Treasury stock, at cost; 6,405 shares	(475,184)	(475,184)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(5,968)	(10,743)
Retained earnings	511,755	494,112
Total stockholders’ equity	590,539	552,177
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	835,728	768,319
Class A
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock	16	16
Total stockholders’ equity	16	16
Class B Convertible
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock	2	2
Total stockholders’ equity	$ 2	$ 2

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Pa

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Treasury stock, shares	6,405,000	6,405,000
Class A
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	330,000,000	330,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	15,817,000	15,805,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	9,412,000	9,400,000
Class B Convertible
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	165,000,000	165,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	2,035,000	2,035,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	2,035,000	2,035,000

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPER

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017		Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015
Revenues:
Product licenses		$ 93,969		$ 113,503		$ 119,143
Subscription services		32,368		30,574		27,839
Total product licenses and subscription services		126,337		144,077		146,982
Product support		289,174		285,079		281,740
Other services		89,032		83,005		101,147
Total revenues		504,543		512,161		529,869
Cost of revenues:
Product licenses		7,176		8,573		8,118
Subscription services		13,435		12,765		13,051
Total product licenses and subscription services		20,611		21,338		21,169
Product support		17,481		15,001		12,748
Other services		58,557		56,808		67,191
Total cost of revenues		96,649		93,147		101,108
Gross profit		407,894		419,014		428,761
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing		174,612		158,740		148,522
Research and development		78,766		73,142		65,206
General and administrative		80,161		79,462		80,732
Restructuring costs		0		45		279
Total operating expenses		333,539		311,389		294,739
Income from operations		74,355		107,625		134,022
Interest income, net		5,205		2,203		284
Other (expense) income, net		(6,953)		3,218		3,558
Income before income taxes		72,607		113,046		137,864
Provision for income taxes		54,964		22,138		31,933
Net income		$ 17,643		$ 90,908		$ 105,931
Basic earnings per share	[1]	$ 1.54	[2]	$ 7.96	[2]	$ 9.33
Weighted average shares outstanding used in computing basic earnings per share		11,444		11,425		11,355
Diluted earnings per share	[1]	$ 1.53	[2]	$ 7.89	[2]	$ 9.18
Weighted average shares outstanding used in computing diluted earnings per share		11,547		11,516		11,539
[1]	Basic and fully diluted earnings per share for class A and class B common stock are the same.
[2]	The sum of the basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share for the four quarters may differ from annual earnings per share as the weighted-average shares outstanding are computed independently for each of the quarters presented.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Statement Of Income And Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 17,643	$ 90,908	$ 105,931
Other comprehensive gain (loss), net of applicable taxes:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	4,805	(3,347)	(3,018)
Less: reclassification adjustment for translation gain included in other income	0	0	280
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net	4,805	(3,347)	(2,738)
Unrealized (loss) gain on short-term investments	(30)	12	(27)
Total other comprehensive gain (loss)	4,775	(3,335)	(2,765)
Comprehensive income	$ 22,418	$ 87,573	$ 103,166

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOC

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Class A	Class B Convertible	Additional Paid-in Capital	Treasury Stock	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Retained Earnings
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2014	$ 324,471	$ 16	$ 2	$ 506,727	$ (475,184)	$ (4,363)	$ 297,273
Beginning Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2014		15,660	2,055		(6,405)
Net income	105,931	$ 0	$ 0	0	$ 0	0	105,931
Other comprehensive gain (loss)	(2,765)	0	0	0	0	(2,765)	0
Translation gain reclassified to other income	(280)	0	0	0	0	(280)	0
Conversion of class B to class A common stock	0	$ 0	$ 0	0	$ 0	0	0
Conversion of class B to class A common stock (in shares)		20	(20)		0
Issuance of class A common stock under stock option plans	$ 9,529	$ 0	$ 0	9,529	$ 0	0	0
Issuance of class A common stock under stock option plans (in shares)	91	91	0		0
Tax effect of stock option exercises	$ 1,096	$ 0	$ 0	1,096	$ 0	0	0
Share-based compensation expense	17,299	0	0	17,299	0	0	0
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2015	455,281	$ 16	$ 2	534,651	$ (475,184)	(7,408)	403,204
Ending Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2015		15,771	2,035		(6,405)
Net income	90,908	$ 0	$ 0	0	$ 0	0	90,908
Other comprehensive gain (loss)	(3,335)	0	0	0	0	(3,335)	0
Translation gain reclassified to other income	0
Issuance of class A common stock under stock option plans	$ 1,663	$ 0	$ 0	1,663	$ 0	0	0
Issuance of class A common stock under stock option plans (in shares)	112	34	0		0
Tax effect of stock option exercises	$ 1,244	$ 0	$ 0	1,244	$ 0	0	0
Share-based compensation expense	11,817	0	0	11,817	0	0	0
Payment of taxes relating to net exercise of employee stock options	(3,739)	0	0	(3,739)	0	0	0
Write-off of deferred tax assets relating to vested employee stock options that are no longer exercisable	(1,662)	0	0	(1,662)	0	0	0
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	552,177	$ 16	$ 2	543,974	$ (475,184)	(10,743)	494,112
Ending Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016		15,805	2,035		(6,405)
Net income	17,643	$ 0	$ 0	0	$ 0	0	17,643
Other comprehensive gain (loss)	4,775	0	0	0	0	4,775	0
Translation gain reclassified to other income	0
Issuance of class A common stock under stock option plans	$ 1,677	$ 0	$ 0	1,677	$ 0	0	0
Issuance of class A common stock under stock option plans (in shares)	12	12	0		0
Share-based compensation expense	$ 14,267	$ 0	$ 0	14,267	$ 0	0	0
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 590,539	$ 16	$ 2	$ 559,918	$ (475,184)	$ (5,968)	$ 511,755
Ending Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		15,817	2,035		(6,405)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Operating activities:
Net income	$ 17,643	$ 90,908	$ 105,931
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	12,572	17,195	21,214
Bad debt expense	2,269	224	884
Unrealized net loss on foreign currency forward contracts	0	0	1,641
Non-cash restructuring costs and adjustments	0	0	(136)
Deferred taxes	(2,011)	(4,983)	9,666
Release of liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits	0	(394)	(899)
Share-based compensation expense	14,267	11,817	17,299
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation arrangements	0	(1,244)	(1,096)
Reclassification of foreign currency translation adjustment from other comprehensive income	0	0	(280)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	15,348	(16,878)	5,003
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(4,279)	(880)	4,446
Deposits and other assets	2,981	(4,059)	1,631
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(9,093)	6,981	1,904
Accrued compensation and employee benefits	(3,683)	3,787	(8,387)
Accrued restructuring costs	0	(58)	(1,922)
Deferred revenue and advance payments, net	(1,609)	11,238	(4,176)
Other long-term liabilities	33,917	(3,065)	(3,024)
Net cash provided by operating activities	78,322	110,589	149,699
Investing activities:
Proceeds from redemption of short-term investments	390,720	361,680	479,200
Purchases of property and equipment	(3,982)	(2,337)	(3,484)
Purchases of short-term investments	(456,468)	(354,999)	(473,779)
Capitalized software development costs	0	0	(9,598)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(69,730)	4,344	(7,661)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from sale of class A common stock under exercise of employee stock options	1,677	1,663	9,529
Payment of taxes relating to net exercise of employee stock options	0	(3,739)	0
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation arrangements	0	1,244	1,096
Payments on capital lease obligations and other financing arrangements	(21)	(172)	(1,447)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	1,656	(1,004)	9,178
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	8,222	(4,176)	(5,837)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	18,470	109,753	145,379
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of year	402,712	292,959	147,580
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of year	421,182	402,712	292,959
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for interest	0	2	34
Cash paid during the year for income taxes, net of tax refunds	29,279	24,332	13,346
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Assets acquired under capital lease obligations and other financing arrangements	$ 0	$ 0	$ 14

Organization

Organization	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Organization	(1) Organization MicroStrategy is a worldwide provider of enterprise analytics and mobility software. The Company’s mission is to provide enterprise customers with world-class software and expert services so they can deploy unique intelligence applications.

Summary of Significant Accounti

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a) Basis of Presentation The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. As discussed in Note 3, Recent Accounting Standards, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company adopted ASU 2016-18 effective January 1, 2017 and has retroactively applied the required updates to its Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for all periods presented. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-18, changes in restricted cash have been removed from investing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; instead, restricted cash has been included with total cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning and end of period amounts. (b) Use of Estimates The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including, but not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, investments, derivative financial instruments, software development costs, fixed assets, intangible assets, variable compensation, share-based compensation, income taxes, including the carrying value of deferred tax assets, and litigation and contingencies, including liabilities that the Company deems not probable of assertion. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets, liabilities, and equity that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results and outcomes could differ from these estimates and assumptions. (c) Fair Value Measurements The Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that is expected to be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company uses a three-level hierarchy that prioritizes fair value measurements based on the types of inputs used for the various valuation techniques. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below: Level 1: Quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are either directly or indirectly observable, such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3: Inputs that are generally unobservable, supported by little or no market activity, and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The categorization of an asset or liability within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The valuation techniques used by the Company when measuring fair value maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The Company also estimates the fair value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and accrued compensation and employee benefits. The Company considers the carrying value of these instruments in the financial statements to approximate fair value due to their short maturities. (d) Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash equivalents include bank demand deposits, money market instruments, certificates of deposit, U.S. Treasury securities, and equivalent funds. The Company generally considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Restricted cash consists of cash balances restricted in use by contractual obligations with third parties. (e) Short-term Investments The Company periodically invests a portion of its excess cash in short-term investment instruments. All highly liquid investments with stated maturity dates between three months and one year from the purchase date are classified as short-term investments. The Company determines the appropriate classification of its short-term investments at the time of purchase. Substantially all of the Company’s short-term investments are in U.S. Treasury securities and certificates of deposit, and the Company has the ability and intent to hold these investments to maturity. Therefore, these short-term investments are classified and accounted for as held-to-maturity and are reported at amortized cost. Each reporting period, the Company determines whether a decline in fair value below the amortized cost for each individual security is other-than-temporary and if it would be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. Upon recognition of an other-than-temporary impairment, the previous amortized cost basis less the other-than-temporary impairment recognized in earnings becomes the new amortized cost basis of the investment. (f) Derivative Financial Instruments The Company is exposed to certain risks related to its ongoing business operations, including the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on the Company’s monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency. The Company may use foreign currency forward contracts as part of its strategy to manage these risks, but does not hold or issue derivative instruments for trading purposes or speculation. The Company executes these instruments with financial institutions that hold an investment grade credit rating. These foreign currency forward contracts do not meet the requirements for hedge accounting and are recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at their fair value as of the reporting date. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments, as measured using the three-level hierarchy described above, are recognized in “Other (expense) income, net” in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. (g) Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows: three years for computer equipment and purchased software; five years for office equipment and automobiles; and ten years for office furniture and owned corporate aircraft, which has an estimated salvage value of 70%. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the improvements or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter. The Company periodically evaluates the appropriateness of the estimated useful lives and salvage value of all property and equipment. Any change in the estimated useful life or salvage value is treated as a change in estimate and accounted for prospectively in the period of change. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, except for certain costs related to the aircraft. The costs of normal, recurring, or periodic repairs and maintenance activities related to the aircraft are expensed as incurred. The cost of planned major maintenance activities (“PMMA”) may be treated differently because those activities may involve the acquisition of additional aircraft components or the replacement of existing aircraft components. PMMA are performed periodically based on passage of time and the use of the aircraft. The classification of a maintenance activity as part of PMMA requires judgment and can affect the amount of expense recognized in any particular period. The cost of each PMMA is expected to be capitalized and amortized over the period until the next scheduled PMMA. There have been no PMMA to date. When assets are retired or sold, the capitalized cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the property and equipment accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in the results of operations. Eligible internal-use software development costs are capitalized subsequent to the completion of the preliminary project stage. Such costs include external direct material and service costs, employee payroll, and payroll-related costs. After all substantial testing and deployment is completed and the software is ready for its intended use, capitalization ceases and internal-use software development costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software, generally three years. The Company reviews long-lived assets, including intangible assets, for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be fully recoverable or that the useful lives of these assets are no longer appropriate. Each impairment test is based on a comparison of the undiscounted cash flows to the recorded value of the asset. If an asset is impaired, the asset is written down by the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds the related fair value of the asset. (h) Software Development Costs Software development costs are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established, at which time such costs are capitalized until the product is available for general release to customers. Capitalized software development costs include direct labor costs and fringe benefit costs attributed to programmers, software engineers, and quality control and field certifiers working on products after they reach technological feasibility, but before they are generally available to customers for sale. Technological feasibility is considered to be achieved when a product design and working model of the software product have been completed. Capitalized software development costs are typically amortized over the estimated product life of three years, on a straight-line basis. The Company has significantly accelerated the pace of its software development efforts and increased the frequency of its software releases subsequent to the release of MicroStrategy 10, which has resulted in the Company’s software development costs in recent periods being expensed as incurred. Capitalized software development costs, net of accumulated amortization, were $2.5 million and $8.5 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Amortization expense related to software development costs was $6.0 million, $7.4 million, and $7.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, and is included in cost of product licenses and subscription services revenues. The Company did not capitalize any software development costs during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company capitalized software development costs of $9.6 million. The Company analyzes the net realizable value of capitalized software development costs on at least an annual basis and has determined that there is no indication of impairment of the capitalized software development costs as forecasted future sales are adequate to support amortization costs. (i) Loss Contingencies and Legal Costs The Company accrues loss contingencies that are believed to be probable and can be reasonably estimated. As events evolve during the administration and litigation process and additional information becomes known, the Company reassesses its estimates related to loss contingencies. Legal costs are expensed in the period in which the costs are incurred. (j) Deferred Revenue and Advance Payments Deferred revenue and advance payments related to product support, subscription services, and other services result from payments received prior to the performance of services for technical support, subscription, consulting, and education. Deferred revenue and advance payments related to product licenses result primarily from multiple-element arrangements that include future deliverables. Deferred revenue is comprised of deferred product licenses and subscription services, deferred product support, or other services revenue based on the objective fair value of the multiple elements of the arrangement, except for software licenses for which the Company does not have an objective measure of fair value. The Company offsets its accounts receivable and deferred revenue for any billed and unpaid items included in deferred revenue and advance payments. (k) Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue from sales of software licenses to end users upon: 1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement, as provided by agreements, contracts, purchase orders, or other arrangements, generally executed by both parties; 2) existence of a fixed or determinable fee; 3) delivery of the software; and 4) determination that collection is reasonably assured. When the fees for software upgrades and enhancements, technical support, consulting, and education are bundled with the license fee, they are unbundled for revenue recognition purposes, using vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value of the elements. Product support or post-contract support (“PCS”) revenue is derived from providing technical software support and software updates and upgrades to customers. PCS revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the contract, which in most cases is one year. The Company’s VSOE for PCS, which includes updates, upgrades, and enhancements, is determined based on the optional stated renewal fee for PCS in the contract, which is the price the customer is required to pay when PCS is renewed. Additionally, the optional stated renewal fee used to establish VSOE for PCS in a software transaction must be above the Company’s minimum substantive VSOE rate for PCS. If a stated renewal rate is considered non-substantive, VSOE of PCS has not been established and the Company recognizes all revenue under the arrangement ratably over the PCS period. A minimum substantive VSOE rate is determined based on an analysis of historical sales of PCS. For a renewal rate to be non-substantive, the Company believes it must be significantly lower than its minimum VSOE rate. The Company considers a 10% variance below its minimum VSOE rate to be significant. It is rare for the Company to have an arrangement that includes a renewal rate that is below the minimum VSOE rate. Revenue from consulting, education, and subscription services is recognized as the services are performed. The Company’s VSOE for services other than PCS is determined based on an analysis of its historical sales of each element when sold separately from software. For new offerings of services other than PCS or service offerings that have not had a sufficient history of sales activity, the Company initially establishes VSOE based on the list price as determined by management with the relevant authority. Each service offering has a single list price in each country where sold. If VSOE exists for all undelivered elements and there is no such evidence of fair value established for delivered elements, the arrangement fee is first allocated to the elements where evidence of fair value has been established and the residual amount is allocated to the delivered elements. If evidence of fair value for any undelivered element of an arrangement does not exist, all revenue from the arrangement is deferred until such time that evidence of fair value exists for undelivered elements or until all elements of the arrangement are delivered, subject to certain limited exceptions. If an arrangement includes acceptance criteria, revenue is not recognized until the Company can objectively demonstrate that the software or service can meet the acceptance criteria, or the acceptance period lapses, whichever occurs earlier. If a software license arrangement obligates the Company to deliver specified future products or upgrades, revenue is recognized when the specified future product or upgrades are delivered, or when the obligation to deliver specified future products expires, whichever occurs earlier. If a software license arrangement obligates the Company to deliver unspecified future products, then revenue is recognized on a subscription basis, ratably over the term of the contract. License revenue derived from sales to resellers or original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) who purchase the Company’s products for resale is recognized upon sufficient evidence that the products have been sold to the end user, provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. The Company’s standard software license and reseller agreements do not include any return rights other than the right to return non-conforming products for repair or replacement under standard product warranties. During the last three fiscal years, the Company has not experienced any product returns related to warranty claims. The Company generally offers either commercial discounts or referral fees to its channel partners, depending on the nature of services performed. Revenue recognized from transactions with channel partners involved in resale or distribution activities is recorded net of any commercial discounts provided to them. Referral fees paid to channel partners not involved in resale or distribution activities are expensed as cost of revenues and, during the last three fiscal years, were not significant. The Company’s standard software license agreements do not include any price protection provisions. However, transactions under the General Services Administration Federal Supply Schedule contract must comply with the Price Reductions clause. In addition, certain government agencies have the right to cancel contracts for “convenience.” During the last three fiscal years, there were no material amounts refunded under the Price Reductions clause and there were no material contracts cancelled for convenience. Amounts collected prior to satisfying the above revenue recognition criteria are included in net deferred revenue and advance payments in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Software revenue recognition requires judgment, including determinations about whether collectability is reasonably assured, the fee is fixed and determinable, a software arrangement includes multiple elements, and if so, whether VSOE exists for those elements. Judgment is also required to assess whether future releases of certain software represent new products or upgrades and enhancements to existing products. The Company also generates subscription services revenues primarily from its cloud services offerings. Subscription services revenues include subscription fees from customers for access to the full breadth of MicroStrategy Analytics and MicroStrategy Mobile capabilities, database services, and data integration services. The Company’s standard arrangements with customers generally do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of the software supporting the cloud-based application service at any time. As such, these arrangements are considered service contracts and revenue is recognized ratably over the service period of the contract, following completion of the set-up service. Any related set-up service fees are recognized ratably over the longer of the contract period or the estimated average life of the customer relationship. The Company’s subscription services are generally offered as standalone arrangements or as part of arrangements that include professional services. If deliverables in a multiple-element arrangement have standalone value upon delivery, the Company accounts for each such deliverable separately. The Company has concluded that its subscription services and its professional services each have standalone value. When the Company enters into multiple-element arrangements that include subscription services and professional services, the total arrangement consideration is allocated to each of the deliverables based on the relative selling price hierarchy. The Company determines the relative selling price for each deliverable using VSOE of selling price, if available, or its best estimate of selling price (“BESP”), if VSOE is not available. The Company has determined that third-party evidence of selling price is not a practical alternative due to differences in its services offerings as compared to other companies and the lack of availability of third-party pricing information. For professional services, the Company has established VSOE because a consistent number of standalone sales of this deliverable have been priced within a reasonably narrow range. For subscription services, the Company has not established VSOE because, among other factors, the offering is relatively new and its pricing model continues to evolve. Accordingly, the Company uses BESP to determine the relative selling price of its subscription services. The Company determines BESP by reviewing historical transactions and by considering the service’s pricing models and objectives that take into account factors such as gross margin, the size and volume of the transactions, perceived pricing sensitivity, and growth strategies. The determination of BESP is made through consultation with, and approval by, the Company’s management team, taking into consideration the go-to-market strategy. As the Company’s pricing and go-to-market strategies evolve, the Company may modify its pricing practices in the future, which could result in changes to the determination of VSOE and BESP. Amounts, upon invoicing, are recorded in accounts receivable and either gross deferred revenue or revenue, depending on whether the applicable revenue recognition criteria have been met. (l) Advertising Costs Advertising costs include production costs, which are expensed the first time the advertisement takes place, and media placement costs, which are expensed in the month the advertising appears. Total advertising costs were $5.7 million, $1.3 million, and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had no prepaid advertising costs. (m) Share-based Compensation The Company maintains its 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (as amended, the “2013 Equity Plan”), under which the Company’s employees, officers, directors, and other eligible participants may be awarded various types of share-based compensation, including options to purchase shares of the Company’s class A common stock. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense associated with such stock option awards on a straight-line basis over the award’s requisite service period (generally, the vesting period). The share-based compensation expense is based on the fair value of such awards on the date of grant, as estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. See Note 11, Share-based Compensation, to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding the 2013 Equity Plan, related share-based compensation expense, and assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model. (n) Income Taxes The Company is subject to federal, state, and local income taxes in the United States and many foreign countries. Deferred income taxes are provided based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the taxes become payable. For uncertain income tax positions, the Company uses a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold based on the technical merits of the income tax position taken. Income tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured in order to determine the tax benefit recognized in the financial statements. The Company recognizes accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits as part of income tax expense. Penalties, if incurred, are recognized as a component of income tax expense. The Company provides a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to their estimated realizable value, when appropriate. (o) Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share is determined by dividing the net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and participating securities outstanding during the period. Participating securities are included in the basic earnings per share calculation when dilutive. Diluted earnings per share is determined by dividing the net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares are included in the diluted earnings per share calculation when dilutive. Potential common shares consisting of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding employee stock options and warrants are computed using the treasury stock method. Potential common shares also consist of common stock issuable upon the conversion of preferred stock. Beginning January 1, 2017, excess tax benefits are no longer included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share, on a prospective basis. The Company has two classes of common stock: class A common stock and class B common stock. Holders of class A common stock generally have the same rights, including rights to dividends, as holders of class B common stock, except that holders of class A common stock have one vote per share while holders of class B common stock have ten votes per share. Each share of class B common stock is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, into one share of class A common stock. As such, basic and fully diluted earnings per share for class A and class B common stock are the same. The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on either class A or class B common stock. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, there were no shares of preferred stock outstanding. (p) Foreign Currency Translation The functional currency of the Company’s international operations is the local currency. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities of international subsidiaries are translated using exchange rates in effect at the end of the period, and revenue and expenses are translated using weighted average exchange rates for the period. The related translation adjustments are reported in “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” in stockholders’ equity. In general, upon complete or substantially complete liquidation of an investment in an international subsidiary, the amount of accumulated translation adjustments attributable to that subsidiary is reclassified from stockholders’ equity to the statement of operations. Transaction gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity involved are included in the results of operations. In 2015, as a result of the completion of the liquidation of one of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries, a $0.3 million foreign currency translation gain was reclassified from “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets to “Other (expense) income, net” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. No reclassifications were recorded in 2017 or 2016. As of December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, the cumulative foreign currency translation balances were $(6.0) million, $(10.8) million, and $(7.4) million, respectively. Since the Company intends to indefinitely reinvest its undistributed earnings of all of its subsidiaries, no taxes were recognized on the temporary differences resulting from foreign currency translation adjustments for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015. Transaction gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in foreign currencies resulted in a net loss of $7.0 million in 2017 and net gains of $3.0 million and $2.4 million in 2016 and 2015, respectively, and are included in “Other (expense) income, net” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. (q) Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments, foreign currency forward contracts, and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash equivalents and enters into foreign currency forward contracts with high credit-quality financial institutions and invests its excess cash primarily in short-term investments. The Company has established guidelines relative to credit ratings and maturities that seek to maintain safety and liquidity. The Company sells products and services to various companies across several industries throughout the world in the ordinary course of business. The Company routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers and maintains allowances for anticipated losses. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, no individual customer accounted for 10% or more of net accounts receivable, and for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, no individual customer accounted for 10% or more of revenue.

Recent Accounting Standards

Recent Accounting Standards	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Changes And Error Corrections [Abstract]
Recent Accounting Standards	(3) Recent Accounting Standards Share-based compensation accounting In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (i) recognized excess tax benefits as part of the “Provision for income taxes” line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, on a prospective basis. (ii) combined the impact of excess tax benefits with the “Deferred taxes” line item within operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, on a prospective basis. (iii) excluded excess tax benefits or tax deficiencies in the calculation of the Company’s diluted earnings per share, on a prospective basis; and (iv) made an accounting policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur, on a modified retrospective basis, the impact of which is generally consistent with the Company’s previous method of estimating forfeitures. No prior periods have been adjusted in connection with the Company’s adoption of ASU 2016-09. In addition, no cumulative-effect adjustments to retained earnings have been recorded as of January 1, 2017 because there were no unrecognized excess tax benefits or tax deficiencies outstanding and no expected forfeitures applied to the Company’s share-based compensation expense as of the end of the preceding year. The remaining amendments under ASU 2016-09 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Statement of cash flows In November 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) Revenue from contracts with customers In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) The Company will adopt this guidance and its subsequent amendments effective as of January 1, 2018 and will adjust prior period consolidated financial statements to reflect full retrospective adoption, beginning with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the first quarter of 2018. The Company has substantially completed the implementation of key system changes and changes to internal controls over financial reporting to allow the Company to timely compile the information needed to account for transactions under this new guidance and to adjust its prior periods’ consolidated financial statements. In adopting ASU 2014-09, the Company expects the following significant changes in accounting principles: (i) Timing of revenue recognition for term license sales. (ii) Timing of revenue recognition for sales to channel partners (iii) Allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract. (iv) Material rights. (v) Presentation of accounts receivable, contract assets, and contract liabilities (deferred revenue). (vi) Deferral of incremental direct costs to obtaining a contract with a customer. The Company currently estimates the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will increase its 2016 beginning retained earnings balance by approximately $13.0 million, offset by a $13.0 million decrease in gross deferred revenues, a $5.0 million decrease in deferred tax assets, net of deferred tax liabilities, a $4.0 million increase in other non-current assets, and a $1.0 million increase in other current assets. In addition, net accounts receivable and net deferred revenues as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 will each further increase by approximately $95.9 million and $101.5 million, respectively, due to the Company no longer offsetting these balances for unpaid amounts included in the gross deferred revenue balances. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company estimates $2.5 million and $3.0 million, respectively, of previously expensed variable compensation will be capitalized and amortized over a three-year period. The Company estimates that product licenses revenues will decrease by approximately $0.5 million and increase by approximately $1.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company also estimates its provision for income taxes will decrease by approximately $1.5 million and increase by approximately $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Intra-entity asset transfers In October 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory Lease accounting In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Measurements	(4) Fair Value Measurements As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, there were no financial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. All of the Company’s foreign currency forward contracts (designated as Level 2, non-hedging derivative instruments) were settled by December 31, 2015. Changes in the fair value of the Company’s foreign currency forward contracts during the year ended December 31, 2015 resulted in a net gain of $0.5 million recorded to “Other income, net.” There were no transfers among the levels within the fair value hierarchy during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had no assets or liabilities that were required to be measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

Short-term Investments

Short-term Investments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Short Term Investments [Abstract]
Short-term Investments	(5) Short-term Investments The Company periodically invests a portion of its excess cash in short-term investment instruments. Substantially all of the Company’s short-term investments are in U.S. Treasury securities and certificates of deposit, and the Company has the ability and intent to hold these investments to maturity. The stated maturity dates of these investments are between three months and one year from the purchase date. These held-to-maturity investments are recorded at amortized cost and included within “Short-term investments” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of held-to-maturity investments in U.S. Treasury securities and certificates of deposit is determined based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical securities (Level 1 inputs). The amortized cost, carrying value, and fair value of held-to-maturity investments at December 31, 2017 were $254.9 million, $254.9 million, and $254.8 million, respectively. The amortized cost, carrying value, and fair value of held-to-maturity investments at December 31, 2016 were $187.3 million, $187.3 million, and $187.3 million, respectively. The gross unrecognized holding gains and losses were not material for 2017, 2016, and 2015. No other-than-temporary impairments related to these investments have been recognized as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company’s available-for-sale investments were not material.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Receivables [Abstract]
Accounts Receivable	(6) Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable (in thousands) consisted of the following, as of: December 31, 2017 2016 Billed and billable $ 169,554 $ 188,038 Less: unpaid deferred revenue (95,864 ) (101,538 ) Accounts receivable, gross 73,690 86,500 Less: allowance for doubtful accounts (4,190 ) (3,181 ) Accounts receivable, net $ 69,500 $ 83,319 The Company offsets its accounts receivable and deferred revenue for any unpaid items included in deferred revenue and advance payments. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts which represents its best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balances. The Company evaluates specific accounts when it becomes aware that a customer may not be able to meet its financial obligations due to deterioration of its liquidity or financial viability, credit ratings, or bankruptcy. In addition, the Company periodically adjusts this allowance based on its review and assessment of the aging of receivables.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]
Property and Equipment	(7) Property and Equipment Property and equipment (in thousands) consisted of the following, as of: December 31, 2017 2016 Transportation equipment $ 48,645 $ 48,835 Computer equipment and purchased software 57,515 60,692 Furniture and equipment 10,425 10,871 Leasehold improvements 28,511 27,737 Internally developed software 9,643 9,655 Property and equipment, gross 154,739 157,790 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (101,380 ) (100,354 ) Property and equipment, net $ 53,359 $ 57,436 Included in transportation equipment is the Company’s owned corporate aircraft, including capitalizable costs related to the repairs to the aircraft, and aircraft-related equipment. As of December 31, 2017, the net asset value of the aircraft and aircraft-related equipment was $36.9 million, net of $11.7 million of accumulated depreciation. As of December 31, 2016, the net asset value of the aircraft and aircraft-related equipment was $38.4 million, net of $10.2 million of accumulated depreciation. Included in computer equipment at December 31, 2017 and 2016 is $0.6 million and $2.2 million, respectively, acquired under capital lease arrangements. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, accumulated amortization relating to computer equipment under capital lease arrangements totaled $0.6 million and $2.2 million, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment, including assets under capital leases, was $8.4 million, $10.6 million, and $14.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

Deferred Revenue and Advance Pa

Deferred Revenue and Advance Payments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Deferred Revenue Disclosure [Abstract]
Deferred Revenue and Advance Payments	(8) Deferred Revenue and Advance Payments Deferred revenue and advance payments (in thousands) from customers consisted of the following, as of: December 31, 2017 2016 Current: Deferred product licenses revenue $ 11,113 $ 13,023 Deferred subscription services revenue 17,324 18,303 Deferred product support revenue 168,043 162,781 Deferred other services revenue 9,465 10,015 Gross current deferred revenue and advance payments 205,945 204,122 Less: unpaid deferred revenue (93,296 ) (98,587 ) Net current deferred revenue and advance payments $ 112,649 $ 105,535 Non-current: Deferred product licenses revenue $ 7,169 $ 9,118 Deferred subscription services revenue 126 1,307 Deferred product support revenue 4,826 5,751 Deferred other services revenue 628 690 Gross non-current deferred revenue and advance payments 12,749 16,866 Less: unpaid deferred revenue (2,568 ) (2,951 ) Net non-current deferred revenue and advance payments $ 10,181 $ 13,915 The Company offsets its accounts receivable and deferred revenue for any unpaid items included in deferred revenue and advance payments.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	(9) Commitments and Contingencies (a) Commitments From time to time, the Company enters into certain types of contracts that require it to indemnify parties against third-party claims. These contracts primarily relate to agreements under which the Company assumes indemnity obligations for intellectual property infringement, as well as other obligations from time to time depending on arrangements negotiated with customers and other third parties. The conditions of these obligations vary. Thus, the overall maximum amount of the Company’s indemnification obligations cannot be reasonably estimated. Historically, the Company has not been obligated to make significant payments for these obligations and does not currently expect to incur any material obligations in the future. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded an indemnification liability on its balance sheets as of December 31, 2017 or December 31, 2016. The Company leases office space and computer and other equipment under operating lease agreements. Under the lease agreements, in addition to base rent, the Company is generally responsible for certain taxes, utilities and maintenance costs, and other fees. Several of these leases include options for renewal or purchase. The Company does not have any material capital leases. As of December 31, 2017, the Company leased approximately 214,000 square feet of office space at a location in Northern Virginia that began serving as its corporate headquarters in October 2010 and was to expire in December 2020. In January 2018, the Company amended the lease to extend the lease term through December 2030. See Note 17, Subsequent Events, to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, deferred rent of $8.5 million and $12.3 million, respectively, was included in other long-term liabilities and $3.8 million and $3.5 million, respectively, was included in current accrued expenses. As a result of the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), the Company estimated and recorded a one-time $40.3 million tax expense related to the mandatory deemed repatriation transition tax (“Transition Tax”) during the year ended December 31, 2017. See Note 10, Income Taxes, to the Consolidated Financial Statement for further information. At December 31, 2017, $36.8 million of the Transition Tax was included in “other long-term liabilities” and $3.5 million was netted against “prepaid expenses and other current assets” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table shows future minimum rent payments under noncancellable operating leases and agreements with initial terms of greater than one year, net of total future minimum rent payments to be received under noncancellable sublease agreements, and anticipated payments related to the one-time Transition Tax resulting from the Tax Act, based on the expected due dates of the various installments as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands): Operating Leases Transition Tax Year Amount Amount 2018 $ 24,508 $ 3,450 2019 20,059 3,200 2020 18,779 3,200 2021 2,610 3,200 2022 1,758 3,200 Thereafter 4,276 24,000 $ 71,990 $ 40,250 The above table does not include estimated payments related to the renewal of our corporate headquarters office lease in January 2018. See Note 17, Subsequent Events, to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about our corporate headquarters office lease. Total rental expenses under operating lease agreements for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 were $19.8 million, $20.3 million, and $22.6 million, respectively. (b) Contingencies In December 2011, DataTern, Inc. (“DataTern”) filed a complaint for patent infringement against the Company in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (the “District Court”). The complaint alleged that the Company infringes U.S. Patent No. 6,101,502 (the “’502 Patent”), allegedly owned by DataTern, by making, selling, or offering for sale several of the Company’s products and services, including MicroStrategy 9, MicroStrategy Intelligence Server, MicroStrategy Business Intelligence Platform, MicroStrategy Cloud Personal, and other MicroStrategy applications for creating or using data mining, dashboards, business analytics, data storage and warehousing, and web hosting support. The complaint accused the Company of willful infringement and sought an unspecified amount of damages, an award of attorneys’ fees, and preliminary and permanent injunctive relief. In light of a judgment in a separate action involving DataTern in another jurisdiction, in February 2013, MicroStrategy and DataTern filed motions for summary judgment of non-infringement and the District Court entered summary judgment against DataTern. In March 2013, DataTern filed a notice of appeal with the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (the “Federal Circuit”). In December 2014, the Federal Circuit issued an opinion vacating the District Court’s summary judgment, stating that the claim construction on which the summary judgment was based was incorrect. In January 2015, the case was remanded to the District Court for further proceedings. A claim construction ruling was issued in February 2017. In August 2017, counsel for DataTern filed a motion to withdraw from the lawsuit. The District Court initially gave DataTern a deadline of September 18, 2017 to find replacement counsel, which was later extended to October 20, 2017. On October 20, 2017, the District Court dismissed the case for failure to prosecute when DataTern failed to identify substitute counsel. The Company has received indemnification requests from certain of its channel partners and customers who were sued by DataTern in the District Court in lawsuits alleging infringement of the ‘502 Patent. The proceedings against these channel partners and customers were stayed pending the resolution of DataTern’s lawsuit against the Company. On October 30, 2017, the District Court dismissed with prejudice these channel partner and customer proceedings. No estimated liability for these matters has been accrued in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company is also involved in various other legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. Although the outcomes of these other legal proceedings are inherently difficult to predict, management does not expect the resolution of these other legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. The Company has contingent liabilities that, in management’s judgment, are not probable of assertion. If such unasserted contingent liabilities were to be asserted, or become probable of assertion, the Company may be required to record significant expenses and liabilities in the period in which these liabilities are asserted or become probable of assertion.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	(10) Income Taxes U.S. and international components of income before income taxes (in thousands) were comprised of the following for the periods indicated: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 U.S. $ 19,166 $ 51,145 $ 68,555 Foreign 53,441 61,901 69,309 Total $ 72,607 $ 113,046 $ 137,864 The provision for income taxes (in thousands) consisted of the following for the periods indicated: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Current: Federal $ 48,794 $ 18,453 $ 11,748 State 4,077 3,681 2,997 Foreign 4,074 4,941 7,565 $ 56,945 $ 27,075 $ 22,310 Deferred: Federal $ 88 $ (4,742 ) $ 9,215 State (1,342 ) (890 ) 693 Foreign (727 ) 695 (285 ) $ (1,981 ) $ (4,937 ) $ 9,623 Total provision $ 54,964 $ 22,138 $ 31,933 The provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s income before income taxes as follows for the periods indicated: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Income tax expense at federal statutory rate 35.0 % 35.0 % 35.0 % State taxes, net of federal tax effect 2.5 % 1.6 % 1.7 % Foreign earnings taxed at different rates (24.2 )% (15.5 )% (14.0 )% Withholding tax 1.9 % 1.4 % 1.1 % Foreign tax credit (1.1 )% (1.0 )% (0.3 )% Other international components 0.0 % (0.1 )% 0.8 % Change in valuation allowance 0.2 % (0.8 )% (0.1 )% Deferred tax adjustments and rate changes 5.2 % 0.1 % (0.1 )% Deemed repatriation transition tax 55.5 % 0.0 % 0.0 % Subpart F income 1.5 % 0.6 % 0.5 % Research and development tax credit (1.1 )% (0.8 )% (0.6 )% Section 199 Deduction (1.4 )% (1.8 )% (1.5 )% Other permanent differences 1.7 % 0.9 % 0.7 % Total 75.7 % 19.6 % 23.2 % The Company’s U.S. and foreign effective tax rates for income before income taxes were as follows for the periods indicated: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 U.S. 269.3 % 32.3 % 36.0 % Foreign 6.3 % 9.1 % 10.5 % Combined 75.7 % 19.6 % 23.2 % The change in the Company’s effective tax rate in 2017, as compared to the prior year, was primarily due to an estimated one-time tax provision of $44.0 million as a result of the Tax Act. This tax provision is comprised of a $40.3 million Transition Tax and a $3.7 million charge related to the re-measurement of net deferred tax assets arising from the new lower corporate tax rate effected by the Tax Act. The Tax Act imposes a Transition Tax on previously untaxed accumulated and current earnings and profits (“E&P”) of certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company. To determine the amount of the Transition Tax, the Company must determine, among other things, the amount of post-1986 E&P of the relevant subsidiaries, as well as the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid on such earnings. The Company made a reasonable estimate of the Transition Tax and recorded a provisional Transition Tax obligation of $40.3 million, of which $36.8 million is recorded in “other long-term liabilities” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. However, the Company continues to gather additional information to compute more precisely the post-1986 E&P and related non-U.S. income taxes paid. The Tax Act also reduced the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. Consequently, the Company has recorded a decrease related to its U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities, with a corresponding net deferred income tax expense of $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 as a result of re-measuring net deferred tax assets at the new lower corporate tax rate of 21%. Additionally, the Tax Act requires certain Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”) earned by controlled foreign corporations (“CFCs”) to be included in the gross income of the CFCs’ U.S. shareholder. GAAP allows the Company to either: (i) treat taxes due on future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI as a current-period expense when incurred (the “period cost method”); or (ii) factor such amounts into its measurement of deferred taxes (the “deferred method”). The Company elected the period cost method. The GILTI tax rules will become effective for the 2018 tax year and therefore the Company has not made any adjustments related to the potential GILTI tax in its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of the new GILTI tax rules and the application of ASC 740 on its financial statements. Except as discussed below, the Company intends to indefinitely reinvest its undistributed earnings of all of its foreign subsidiaries. However, under the Tax Act, those undistributed earnings (as computed for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and with due regard to the discussion below regarding Subpart F deemed dividends) are subject to the Transition Tax, which was recorded at a provisional amount of $40.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2017. In addition, U.S. federal tax laws require the Company to include in its U.S. taxable income certain investment income earned outside of the United States in excess of certain limits (“Subpart F deemed dividends”). Because Subpart F deemed dividends are already required to be recognized in the Company’s U.S. federal income tax return, the Company regularly repatriates Subpart F deemed dividends to the United States and no additional tax is incurred on the distribution. The Company repatriated Subpart F deemed dividends of $1.8 million and $1.9 million in 2017 and 2016, respectively, with no additional tax. The Company did not repatriate any Subpart F deemed dividends in 2015 because it did not report any Subpart F income on its 2014 U.S. tax return. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the amount of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments held by the Company’s U.S. entities was $293.8 million and $279.8 million, respectively, and by the Company’s non-U.S. entities was $381.4 million and $309.6 million, respectively. If the cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments held by the Company’s non-U.S. entities were to be actually repatriated to the United States, after taking into account the Transition Tax described above, the Company does not expect such repatriation to generate any additional U.S. federal taxable income to the Company. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of the temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities (in thousands) were as follows for the periods indicated: December 31, 2017 2016 Deferred tax assets, net: Net operating loss carryforwards $ 761 $ 214 Tax credits 1,520 1,372 Intangible assets 10 11 Deferred revenue adjustment 3,351 3,305 Accrued compensation 2,863 7,866 Share-based compensation expense 11,597 11,440 Deferred rent 0 1,281 Other 2,457 2,002 Deferred tax assets before valuation allowance 22,559 27,491 Valuation allowance (1,015 ) (832 ) Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance 21,544 26,659 Deferred tax liabilities: Prepaid expenses and other 684 1,098 Property and equipment 6,778 10,821 Capitalized software development costs 695 3,330 Total deferred tax liabilities 8,157 15,249 Total net deferred tax asset $ 13,387 $ 11,410 Reported as: Non-current deferred tax assets, net 13,391 11,704 Non-current deferred tax liabilities (4 ) (294 ) Total net deferred tax asset $ 13,387 $ 11,410 As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had income taxes payable of $0.4 million and $10.5 million, respectively, recorded in “accounts payable and accrued expenses” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits of $4.0 million, recorded in “Other long-term liabilities” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The change in unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands) is presented in the table below: Unrecognized tax benefits at January 1, 2017 $ 3,121 Increase related to positions taken in prior period 771 Increase related to positions taken in current period 294 Decrease related to expiration of statute of limitations (741 ) Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2017 3,445 Accrued interest 569 Unrecognized tax benefits recorded in other long-term liabilities at December 31, 2017 $ 4,014 If recognized, $3.5 million of the gross unrecognized tax benefits would impact the Company’s effective tax rate. Over the next 12 months, the amount of the Company’s liability for unrecognized tax benefits shown above is not expected to change by a material amount. The Company recognizes estimated accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income tax accounts. During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, the Company released or recognized an immaterial amount of accrued interest. The amount of accrued interest related to the above unrecognized tax benefits was approximately $0.6 million and $0.4 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company files tax returns in numerous foreign countries as well as the United States and its tax returns may be subject to audit by tax authorities in all countries in which it files. Each country has its own statute of limitations for making assessment of additional tax liabilities. In 2017, the Company settled the tax examination in Germany for tax years 2013, 2014, and 2015 without any material audit assessments. The Company’s U.S. tax returns for tax years from 2014 forward are subject to potential examination by the Internal Revenue Service. The Company’s major foreign tax jurisdictions and the tax years that remain subject to potential examination are Germany for tax years 2016 forward, Poland and China for tax years 2013 forward, Spain for tax years 2014 forward, and the United Kingdom for tax years 2016 forward. To date there have been no material audit assessments related to audits in the United States or any of the applicable foreign jurisdictions. The Company had no U.S. net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. The Company had $2.5 million and $0.7 million of foreign NOL carryforwards as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company’s valuation allowances of $1.0 million and $0.8 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, primarily relate to certain foreign tax credit carryforward tax assets. The Company assessed whether its valuation allowance analyses are affected by various aspects of the Tax Act (e.g., deemed repatriation of deferred foreign income, GILTI inclusions, new categories of foreign tax credits) and concluded that they were not significantly affected by the Tax Act. In determining the Company’s provision for or benefit from income taxes, net deferred tax assets, liabilities, and valuation allowances, management is required to make judgments and estimates related to projections of domestic and foreign profitability, the timing and extent of the utilization of NOL carryforwards, applicable tax rates, transfer pricing methods, and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. As a multinational company, the Company is required to calculate and provide for estimated income tax liabilities for each of the tax jurisdictions in which it operates. This process involves estimating current tax obligations and exposures in each jurisdiction, as well as making judgments regarding the future recoverability of deferred tax assets. Changes in the estimated level of annual pre-tax income, changes in tax laws, particularly changes related to the utilization of NOLs in various jurisdictions, and changes resulting from tax audits can all affect the overall effective income tax rate which, in turn, impacts the overall level of income tax expense or benefit and net income. Judgments and estimates related to the Company’s projections and assumptions are inherently uncertain. Therefore, actual results could differ materially from projections. The timing and manner in which the Company will use research and development tax credit carryforward tax assets, alternative minimum tax credit carryforward tax assets, and foreign tax credit carryforward tax assets in any year, or in total, may be limited by provisions of the Internal Revenue Code regarding changes in the Company’s ownership. Currently, the Company expects to use the tax assets, subject to Internal Revenue Code limitations, within the carryforward periods. Valuation allowances have been established where the Company has concluded that it is more likely than not that such deferred tax assets are not realizable. If the Company is unable to sustain profitability in future periods, it may be required to increase the valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets, which could result in a charge that would materially adversely affect net income in the period in which the charge is incurred. Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code provides an annual limitation on the amount of federal NOLs and tax credits that may be used in the event of an ownership change. The limitation is based on, among other things, the value of the company as of the change date multiplied by a U.S. federal long-term tax exempt interest rate. The Company does not currently expect the limitations under the Section 382 ownership change rules to impact the Company’s ability to use its NOL carryforwards or tax credits that existed as of the date of the ownership change.

Share-based Compensation

Share-based Compensation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]
Share-based Compensation	(11) Share-based Compensation The 2013 Equity Plan authorizes the issuance of various types of share-based awards to the Company’s employees, officers, directors, and other eligible participants. As of December 31, 2017, the total number of shares of the Company’s class A common stock authorized for issuance under the 2013 Equity Plan was 1,700,000 shares. During 2017, stock options to purchase an aggregate of 175,000 shares of class A common stock were granted to certain Company employees and directors pursuant to the 2013 Equity Plan. As of December 31, 2017, there were options to purchase 991,633 shares of class A common stock outstanding under the 2013 Equity Plan. As of December 31, 2017, there were 485,000 remaining shares of class A common stock authorized for future issuance under the 2013 Equity Plan. Shares issued under the 2013 Equity Plan may consist in whole or in part of authorized but unissued shares or treasury shares. No awards may be issued more than ten years after the 2013 Equity Plan’s effective date. Stock options that are granted under the 2013 Equity Plan must have an exercise price equal to at least the fair market value of the Company’s class A common stock on the date of grant, become exercisable as established by the Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee, and expire no later than ten years following the date of grant. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense associated with such stock option awards on a straight-line basis over the award’s requisite service period (generally, the vesting period). The stock option awards granted to date vest in equal annual installments over an approximately four-year vesting period (unless accelerated upon a change in control event (as defined in the stock option agreement for the applicable award) or otherwise in accordance with provisions of the 2013 Equity Plan or applicable option agreement). Share-based compensation expense is based on the fair value of the stock option awards on the date of grant, as estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the input of certain management assumptions, including the expected term, expected stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, and expected dividend yield. The Company estimates the term over which option holders are expected to hold their stock options by using the simplified method for “plain-vanilla” stock option awards because the Company’s stock option exercise history does not provide a reasonable basis to compute the expected term for stock options granted under the 2013 Equity Plan. The Company relies exclusively on its historical stock price volatility to estimate the expected stock price volatility over the expected term because the Company believes future volatility is unlikely to differ from the past. In estimating the expected stock price volatility, the Company uses a simple average calculation method. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury securities with terms that approximate the expected term of the stock options. The expected dividend yield is based on the Company’s past cash dividend history and anticipated future cash dividend payments. The expected dividend yield is zero, as the Company has not previously declared cash dividends and does not currently intend to declare cash dividends in the foreseeable future. These assumptions are based on management’s best judgment, and changes to these assumptions could materially affect the fair value estimates and amount of share-based compensation expense recognized. The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity (in thousands, except per share data and years) for the periods indicated: Stock Options Outstanding Weighted Average Aggregate Weighted Average Exercise Price Intrinsic Remaining Contractual Shares Per Share Value Term (Years) Balance as of January 1, 2015 1,201 $ 111.77 Granted 380 178.93 Exercised (91 ) 105.25 $ 6,367 Forfeited/Expired (167 ) 131.31 Balance as of December 31, 2015 1,323 129.04 Granted 45 189.62 Exercised (112 ) 97.82 $ 8,102 Forfeited/Expired (370 ) 110.28 Balance as of December 31, 2016 886 143.89 Granted 175 169.04 Exercised (12 ) 143.35 $ 541 Forfeited/Expired (57 ) 196.52 Balance as of December 31, 2017 992 $ 145.28 Exercisable as of December 31, 2017 536 $ 135.48 $ 3,941 6.6 Expected to vest as of December 31, 2017 456 $ 156.79 1,409 7.9 Total 992 $ 145.28 $ 5,350 7.2 Stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2017 are comprised of the following range of exercise prices per share (in thousands, except per share data and years): Stock Options Outstanding at December 31, 2017 Weighted Average Weighted Average Exercise Price Remaining Contractual Range of Exercise Prices per Share Shares Per Share Term (Years) $117.85 - $120.00 25 $ 118.55 6.3 $120.01 - $150.00 570 $ 122.67 6.7 $150.01 - $180.00 202 $ 167.50 7.2 $180.01 - $201.25 195 $ 191.78 8.7 Total 992 $ 145.28 7.2 An aggregate of 215,000, 222,500, and 283,750 stock options with an aggregate fair value of $13.0 million, $13.7 million, and $14.2 million vested during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Beginning January 1, 2017, the Company made an accounting policy election to prospectively account for forfeitures as they occur. Therefore, share-based compensation expense has not been adjusted for any estimated forfeitures. Prior periods have not been restated. The weighted average grant date fair value of stock option awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model was $68.67, $75.54, and $73.86 for each share subject to a stock option granted during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, based on the following assumptions: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Expected term of options in years 6.3 6.3 6.3 Expected volatility 37.4% - 37.8% 38.5% 39.0% - 40.2% Risk-free interest rate 1.9% - 2.3% 1.4% - 1.6% 1.5% - 2.0% Expected dividend yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% The Company recognized approximately $14.3 million, $11.8 million, and $17.3 million in share-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, from stock options granted under the 2013 Equity Plan. As of December 31, 2017, there was approximately $19.8 million of total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options. As of December 31, 2017, the Company expected to recognize this remaining share-based compensation expense over a weighted-average vesting period of approximately 2.3 years. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company was able to recognize and utilize tax deductions related to equity compensation in excess of compensation recognized for financial reporting that was generated under the 2013 Equity Plan. Accordingly, additional paid-in capital increased by $1.2 million and $1.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Beginning January 1, 2017, excess tax benefits are no longer recognized as additional paid-in capital; instead they are prospectively included within the provision for income taxes. Prior periods have not been restated. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company wrote off $1.7 million of deferred tax assets related to certain vested stock options that were no longer exercisable. Accordingly, additional paid-in capital decreased by $1.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2016. No such adjustment was made during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2015. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company paid $3.7 million to tax authorities related to the net exercise of a stock option under the 2013 Equity Plan. This payment resulted in a $3.7 million reduction to additional paid-in capital during the year ended December 31, 2016. No net exercises of stock options were made during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2015.

Basic and Diluted Earnings per

Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share	(12) Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share Potential shares of common stock are included in the diluted earnings per share calculation when dilutive. Potential shares of common stock, consisting of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options, are calculated using the treasury stock method. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share data) for the periods indicated: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Numerator: Net income $ 17,643 $ 90,908 $ 105,931 Denominator: Weighted average common shares of class A common stock 9,409 9,390 9,320 Weighted average common shares of class B common stock 2,035 2,035 2,035 Total weighted average common stock shares outstanding 11,444 11,425 11,355 Effect of dilutive securities: Employee stock options 103 91 184 Adjusted weighted average shares 11,547 11,516 11,539 Earnings per share: Basic earnings per share $ 1.54 $ 7.96 $ 9.33 Diluted earnings per share $ 1.53 $ 7.89 $ 9.18 For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, stock options issued under the 2013 Equity Plan to purchase a weighted average of approximately 398,000, 391,000, and 262,000 shares of class A common stock, respectively, were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation because their impact would have been anti-dilutive.

Treasury Stock

Treasury Stock	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Equity [Abstract]
Treasury Stock	(13) Treasury Stock The Board of Directors has authorized the Company’s repurchase of up to an aggregate of $800.0 million of its class A common stock from time to time on the open market through April 29, 2018 (the “2005 Share Repurchase Program”), although the program may be suspended or discontinued by the Company at any time. The timing and amount of any shares repurchased will be determined by the Company’s management based on its evaluation of market conditions and other factors. The 2005 Share Repurchase Program may be funded using the Company’s working capital, as well as proceeds from any other funding arrangements that the Company may enter into in the future. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had repurchased an aggregate of 3,826,947 shares of its class A common stock at an average price per share of $90.23 and an aggregate cost of $345.3 million pursuant to the 2005 Share Repurchase Program. The average price per share and aggregate cost amounts disclosed above include broker commissions. During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its class A common stock pursuant to the 2005 Share Repurchase Program.

Employee Benefit Plan

Employee Benefit Plan	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Compensation And Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]
Employee Benefit Plan	(14) Employee Benefit Plan The Company sponsors a benefit plan to provide retirement benefits for its employees, known as the MicroStrategy 401(k) Savings Plan (the “Plan”). Participants may make voluntary contributions to the Plan of up to 50% of their annual base pre-tax compensation, cash bonuses, and commissions not to exceed the federally determined maximum allowable contribution amounts. The Plan permits for discretionary Company contributions. The Company currently makes a matching contribution to each Plan participant in the amount of 50% of the first 6% of a participant’s contributions, up to a maximum of $3,000 per year. A participant vests in the matching contributions in increments based on the participant’s years of employment by the Company, becoming fully vested after completing six years of employment. The Company made contributions to the Plan totaling $2.1 million, $1.9 million, and $1.6 million during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

Segment Information

Segment Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment Information	(15) Segment Information The Company manages its business in one reportable operating segment. The Company’s one reportable operating segment is engaged in the design, development, marketing, and sales of its software platform through licensing arrangements and cloud-based subscriptions and related services. The following table presents total revenues, gross profit, and long-lived assets, excluding long-term deferred tax assets, (in thousands) according to geographic region: Geographic regions: Domestic EMEA Other Regions Consolidated Year ended December 31, 2017 Total revenues $ 292,930 $ 154,567 $ 57,046 $ 504,543 Gross profit $ 233,945 $ 126,147 $ 47,802 $ 407,894 Year ended December 31, 2016 Total revenues $ 310,972 $ 150,422 $ 50,767 $ 512,161 Gross profit $ 253,234 $ 122,865 $ 42,915 $ 419,014 Year ended December 31, 2015 Total revenues $ 326,792 $ 153,658 $ 49,419 $ 529,869 Gross profit $ 265,438 $ 121,148 $ 42,175 $ 428,761 As of December 31, 2017 Long-lived assets $ 53,102 $ 4,108 $ 1,516 $ 58,726 As of December 31, 2016 Long-lived assets $ 67,031 $ 3,256 $ 1,341 $ 71,628 The domestic region consists of the United States and Canada. The EMEA region includes operations in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. The other regions include all other foreign countries, generally comprising Latin America and the Asia Pacific region. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, no individual foreign country accounted for 10% or more of total consolidated revenues. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, no individual customer accounted for 10% or more of total consolidated revenues. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, no individual foreign country accounted for 10% or more of total consolidated assets.

Selected Quarterly Financial Da

Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)	(16) Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) The following tables contain unaudited Statement of Operations information for each quarter of 2017 and 2016. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company estimated and recorded a one-time tax provision of $44.0 million as a result of the Tax Act. This tax provision is comprised of a $40.3 million Transition Tax and a $3.7 million charge related to the re-measurement of net deferred tax assets arising from the new lower corporate tax rate effected by the Tax Act. During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company reversed the accrual for potential future payments in connection with the departure from the Company of two executives in connection with an executive management reorganization in January 2016, which resulted in a $3.4 million increase in net income. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period. Quarter Ended March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 Year (in thousands, except per share data) 2017 Revenues $ 120,576 $ 120,610 $ 125,212 $ 138,145 $ 504,543 Gross profit $ 97,444 $ 96,235 $ 100,823 $ 113,392 $ 407,894 Net (loss) income $ 14,867 $ 11,076 $ 17,924 $ (26,224 ) $ 17,643 Earnings (loss) per share: (1) Basic $ 1.30 $ 0.97 $ 1.57 $ (2.29 ) $ 1.54 Diluted $ 1.28 $ 0.96 $ 1.56 $ (2.29 ) $ 1.53 Quarter Ended March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 Year (in thousands, except per share data) 2016 Revenues $ 119,015 $ 123,142 $ 129,896 $ 140,108 $ 512,161 Gross profit $ 96,192 $ 99,041 $ 106,961 $ 116,820 $ 419,014 Net income $ 14,272 $ 18,884 $ 26,628 $ 31,124 $ 90,908 Earnings per share: (1) Basic $ 1.25 $ 1.65 $ 2.33 $ 2.72 $ 7.96 Diluted $ 1.24 $ 1.64 $ 2.31 $ 2.69 $ 7.89 (1) The sum of the basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share for the four quarters may differ from annual earnings per share as the weighted-average shares outstanding are computed independently for each of the quarters presented.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	(17) Subsequent Events In January 2018, the Company entered into an agreement to amend its corporate headquarters office lease. The amendment extends the existing lease expiration date from December 2020 to December 2030 and provides for certain tenant allowances and incentives. Before tenant allowances and incentives, the Company’s annual base rent is expected to range from approximately $10.0 million to $13.0 million during the twelve-year lease term.

Schedule II Valuation And Quali

Schedule II Valuation And Qualifying Accounts	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Valuation And Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]
Schedule II Valuation And Qualifying Accounts	SCHEDULE II VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS For the years ended December 31, (in thousands) Balance at the Balance at beginning of the end of the period Additions (1) Deductions the period Allowance for doubtful accounts: December 31, 2017 $ 3,181 2,269 (1,260 ) $ 4,190 December 31, 2016 $ 3,825 224 (868 ) $ 3,181 December 31, 2015 $ 4,412 884 (1,471 ) $ 3,825 Deferred tax valuation allowance: December 31, 2017 $ 832 183 0 $ 1,015 December 31, 2016 $ 1,984 20 (1,172 ) $ 832 December 31, 2015 $ 2,311 75 (402 ) $ 1,984 (1) Reductions in/charges to revenues and expenses.

Summary of Significant Accoun26

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	(a) Basis of Presentation The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. As discussed in Note 3, Recent Accounting Standards, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company adopted ASU 2016-18 effective January 1, 2017 and has retroactively applied the required updates to its Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for all periods presented. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-18, changes in restricted cash have been removed from investing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; instead, restricted cash has been included with total cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning and end of period amounts.
Use of Estimates	(b) Use of Estimates The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including, but not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, investments, derivative financial instruments, software development costs, fixed assets, intangible assets, variable compensation, share-based compensation, income taxes, including the carrying value of deferred tax assets, and litigation and contingencies, including liabilities that the Company deems not probable of assertion. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets, liabilities, and equity that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results and outcomes could differ from these estimates and assumptions.
Fair Value Measurements	(c) Fair Value Measurements The Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that is expected to be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company uses a three-level hierarchy that prioritizes fair value measurements based on the types of inputs used for the various valuation techniques. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below: Level 1: Quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are either directly or indirectly observable, such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3: Inputs that are generally unobservable, supported by little or no market activity, and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The categorization of an asset or liability within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The valuation techniques used by the Company when measuring fair value maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The Company also estimates the fair value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and accrued compensation and employee benefits. The Company considers the carrying value of these instruments in the financial statements to approximate fair value due to their short maturities.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	(d) Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash equivalents include bank demand deposits, money market instruments, certificates of deposit, U.S. Treasury securities, and equivalent funds. The Company generally considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Restricted cash consists of cash balances restricted in use by contractual obligations with third parties.
Short-term Investments	(e) Short-term Investments The Company periodically invests a portion of its excess cash in short-term investment instruments. All highly liquid investments with stated maturity dates between three months and one year from the purchase date are classified as short-term investments. The Company determines the appropriate classification of its short-term investments at the time of purchase. Substantially all of the Company’s short-term investments are in U.S. Treasury securities and certificates of deposit, and the Company has the ability and intent to hold these investments to maturity. Therefore, these short-term investments are classified and accounted for as held-to-maturity and are reported at amortized cost. Each reporting period, the Company determines whether a decline in fair value below the amortized cost for each individual security is other-than-temporary and if it would be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. Upon recognition of an other-than-temporary impairment, the previous amortized cost basis less the other-than-temporary impairment recognized in earnings becomes the new amortized cost basis of the investment.
Derivative Financial Instruments	(f) Derivative Financial Instruments The Company is exposed to certain risks related to its ongoing business operations, including the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on the Company’s monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency. The Company may use foreign currency forward contracts as part of its strategy to manage these risks, but does not hold or issue derivative instruments for trading purposes or speculation. The Company executes these instruments with financial institutions that hold an investment grade credit rating. These foreign currency forward contracts do not meet the requirements for hedge accounting and are recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at their fair value as of the reporting date. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments, as measured using the three-level hierarchy described above, are recognized in “Other (expense) income, net” in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Property and Equipment	(g) Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows: three years for computer equipment and purchased software; five years for office equipment and automobiles; and ten years for office furniture and owned corporate aircraft, which has an estimated salvage value of 70%. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the improvements or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter. The Company periodically evaluates the appropriateness of the estimated useful lives and salvage value of all property and equipment. Any change in the estimated useful life or salvage value is treated as a change in estimate and accounted for prospectively in the period of change. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, except for certain costs related to the aircraft. The costs of normal, recurring, or periodic repairs and maintenance activities related to the aircraft are expensed as incurred. The cost of planned major maintenance activities (“PMMA”) may be treated differently because those activities may involve the acquisition of additional aircraft components or the replacement of existing aircraft components. PMMA are performed periodically based on passage of time and the use of the aircraft. The classification of a maintenance activity as part of PMMA requires judgment and can affect the amount of expense recognized in any particular period. The cost of each PMMA is expected to be capitalized and amortized over the period until the next scheduled PMMA. There have been no PMMA to date. When assets are retired or sold, the capitalized cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the property and equipment accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in the results of operations. Eligible internal-use software development costs are capitalized subsequent to the completion of the preliminary project stage. Such costs include external direct material and service costs, employee payroll, and payroll-related costs. After all substantial testing and deployment is completed and the software is ready for its intended use, capitalization ceases and internal-use software development costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software, generally three years. The Company reviews long-lived assets, including intangible assets, for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be fully recoverable or that the useful lives of these assets are no longer appropriate. Each impairment test is based on a comparison of the undiscounted cash flows to the recorded value of the asset. If an asset is impaired, the asset is written down by the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds the related fair value of the asset.
Software Development Costs	(h) Software Development Costs Software development costs are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established, at which time such costs are capitalized until the product is available for general release to customers. Capitalized software development costs include direct labor costs and fringe benefit costs attributed to programmers, software engineers, and quality control and field certifiers working on products after they reach technological feasibility, but before they are generally available to customers for sale. Technological feasibility is considered to be achieved when a product design and working model of the software product have been completed. Capitalized software development costs are typically amortized over the estimated product life of three years, on a straight-line basis. The Company has significantly accelerated the pace of its software development efforts and increased the frequency of its software releases subsequent to the release of MicroStrategy 10, which has resulted in the Company’s software development costs in recent periods being expensed as incurred. Capitalized software development costs, net of accumulated amortization, were $2.5 million and $8.5 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Amortization expense related to software development costs was $6.0 million, $7.4 million, and $7.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, and is included in cost of product licenses and subscription services revenues. The Company did not capitalize any software development costs during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company capitalized software development costs of $9.6 million. The Company analyzes the net realizable value of capitalized software development costs on at least an annual basis and has determined that there is no indication of impairment of the capitalized software development costs as forecasted future sales are adequate to support amortization costs.
Loss Contingencies and Legal Costs	(i) Loss Contingencies and Legal Costs The Company accrues loss contingencies that are believed to be probable and can be reasonably estimated. As events evolve during the administration and litigation process and additional information becomes known, the Company reassesses its estimates related to loss contingencies. Legal costs are expensed in the period in which the costs are incurred.
Deferred Revenue and Advance Payments	(j) Deferred Revenue and Advance Payments Deferred revenue and advance payments related to product support, subscription services, and other services result from payments received prior to the performance of services for technical support, subscription, consulting, and education. Deferred revenue and advance payments related to product licenses result primarily from multiple-element arrangements that include future deliverables. Deferred revenue is comprised of deferred product licenses and subscription services, deferred product support, or other services revenue based on the objective fair value of the multiple elements of the arrangement, except for software licenses for which the Company does not have an objective measure of fair value. The Company offsets its accounts receivable and deferred revenue for any billed and unpaid items included in deferred revenue and advance payments.
Revenue Recognition	(k) Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue from sales of software licenses to end users upon: 1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement, as provided by agreements, contracts, purchase orders, or other arrangements, generally executed by both parties; 2) existence of a fixed or determinable fee; 3) delivery of the software; and 4) determination that collection is reasonably assured. When the fees for software upgrades and enhancements, technical support, consulting, and education are bundled with the license fee, they are unbundled for revenue recognition purposes, using vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value of the elements. Product support or post-contract support (“PCS”) revenue is derived from providing technical software support and software updates and upgrades to customers. PCS revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the contract, which in most cases is one year. The Company’s VSOE for PCS, which includes updates, upgrades, and enhancements, is determined based on the optional stated renewal fee for PCS in the contract, which is the price the customer is required to pay when PCS is renewed. Additionally, the optional stated renewal fee used to establish VSOE for PCS in a software transaction must be above the Company’s minimum substantive VSOE rate for PCS. If a stated renewal rate is considered non-substantive, VSOE of PCS has not been established and the Company recognizes all revenue under the arrangement ratably over the PCS period. A minimum substantive VSOE rate is determined based on an analysis of historical sales of PCS. For a renewal rate to be non-substantive, the Company believes it must be significantly lower than its minimum VSOE rate. The Company considers a 10% variance below its minimum VSOE rate to be significant. It is rare for the Company to have an arrangement that includes a renewal rate that is below the minimum VSOE rate. Revenue from consulting, education, and subscription services is recognized as the services are performed. The Company’s VSOE for services other than PCS is determined based on an analysis of its historical sales of each element when sold separately from software. For new offerings of services other than PCS or service offerings that have not had a sufficient history of sales activity, the Company initially establishes VSOE based on the list price as determined by management with the relevant authority. Each service offering has a single list price in each country where sold. If VSOE exists for all undelivered elements and there is no such evidence of fair value established for delivered elements, the arrangement fee is first allocated to the elements where evidence of fair value has been established and the residual amount is allocated to the delivered elements. If evidence of fair value for any undelivered element of an arrangement does not exist, all revenue from the arrangement is deferred until such time that evidence of fair value exists for undelivered elements or until all elements of the arrangement are delivered, subject to certain limited exceptions. If an arrangement includes acceptance criteria, revenue is not recognized until the Company can objectively demonstrate that the software or service can meet the acceptance criteria, or the acceptance period lapses, whichever occurs earlier. If a software license arrangement obligates the Company to deliver specified future products or upgrades, revenue is recognized when the specified future product or upgrades are delivered, or when the obligation to deliver specified future products expires, whichever occurs earlier. If a software license arrangement obligates the Company to deliver unspecified future products, then revenue is recognized on a subscription basis, ratably over the term of the contract. License revenue derived from sales to resellers or original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) who purchase the Company’s products for resale is recognized upon sufficient evidence that the products have been sold to the end user, provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. The Company’s standard software license and reseller agreements do not include any return rights other than the right to return non-conforming products for repair or replacement under standard product warranties. During the last three fiscal years, the Company has not experienced any product returns related to warranty claims. The Company generally offers either commercial discounts or referral fees to its channel partners, depending on the nature of services performed. Revenue recognized from transactions with channel partners involved in resale or distribution activities is recorded net of any commercial discounts provided to them. Referral fees paid to channel partners not involved in resale or distribution activities are expensed as cost of revenues and, during the last three fiscal years, were not significant. The Company’s standard software license agreements do not include any price protection provisions. However, transactions under the General Services Administration Federal Supply Schedule contract must comply with the Price Reductions clause. In addition, certain government agencies have the right to cancel contracts for “convenience.” During the last three fiscal years, there were no material amounts refunded under the Price Reductions clause and there were no material contracts cancelled for convenience. Amounts collected prior to satisfying the above revenue recognition criteria are included in net deferred revenue and advance payments in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Software revenue recognition requires judgment, including determinations about whether collectability is reasonably assured, the fee is fixed and determinable, a software arrangement includes multiple elements, and if so, whether VSOE exists for those elements. Judgment is also required to assess whether future releases of certain software represent new products or upgrades and enhancements to existing products. The Company also generates subscription services revenues primarily from its cloud services offerings. Subscription services revenues include subscription fees from customers for access to the full breadth of MicroStrategy Analytics and MicroStrategy Mobile capabilities, database services, and data integration services. The Company’s standard arrangements with customers generally do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of the software supporting the cloud-based application service at any time. As such, these arrangements are considered service contracts and revenue is recognized ratably over the service period of the contract, following completion of the set-up service. Any related set-up service fees are recognized ratably over the longer of the contract period or the estimated average life of the customer relationship. The Company’s subscription services are generally offered as standalone arrangements or as part of arrangements that include professional services. If deliverables in a multiple-element arrangement have standalone value upon delivery, the Company accounts for each such deliverable separately. The Company has concluded that its subscription services and its professional services each have standalone value. When the Company enters into multiple-element arrangements that include subscription services and professional services, the total arrangement consideration is allocated to each of the deliverables based on the relative selling price hierarchy. The Company determines the relative selling price for each deliverable using VSOE of selling price, if available, or its best estimate of selling price (“BESP”), if VSOE is not available. The Company has determined that third-party evidence of selling price is not a practical alternative due to differences in its services offerings as compared to other companies and the lack of availability of third-party pricing information. For professional services, the Company has established VSOE because a consistent number of standalone sales of this deliverable have been priced within a reasonably narrow range. For subscription services, the Company has not established VSOE because, among other factors, the offering is relatively new and its pricing model continues to evolve. Accordingly, the Company uses BESP to determine the relative selling price of its subscription services. The Company determines BESP by reviewing historical transactions and by considering the service’s pricing models and objectives that take into account factors such as gross margin, the size and volume of the transactions, perceived pricing sensitivity, and growth strategies. The determination of BESP is made through consultation with, and approval by, the Company’s management team, taking into consideration the go-to-market strategy. As the Company’s pricing and go-to-market strategies evolve, the Company may modify its pricing practices in the future, which could result in changes to the determination of VSOE and BESP. Amounts, upon invoicing, are recorded in accounts receivable and either gross deferred revenue or revenue, depending on whether the applicable revenue recognition criteria have been met.
Advertising Costs	(l) Advertising Costs Advertising costs include production costs, which are expensed the first time the advertisement takes place, and media placement costs, which are expensed in the month the advertising appears. Total advertising costs were $5.7 million, $1.3 million, and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had no prepaid advertising costs.
Share-based Compensation	(m) Share-based Compensation The Company maintains its 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (as amended, the “2013 Equity Plan”), under which the Company’s employees, officers, directors, and other eligible participants may be awarded various types of share-based compensation, including options to purchase shares of the Company’s class A common stock. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense associated with such stock option awards on a straight-line basis over the award’s requisite service period (generally, the vesting period). The share-based compensation expense is based on the fair value of such awards on the date of grant, as estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. See Note 11, Share-based Compensation, to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding the 2013 Equity Plan, related share-based compensation expense, and assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Beginning January 1, 2017, the Company made an accounting policy election to prospectively account for forfeitures as they occur. Therefore, share-based compensation expense has not been adjusted for any estimated forfeitures.
Income Taxes	(n) Income Taxes The Company is subject to federal, state, and local income taxes in the United States and many foreign countries. Deferred income taxes are provided based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the taxes become payable. For uncertain income tax positions, the Company uses a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold based on the technical merits of the income tax position taken. Income tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured in order to determine the tax benefit recognized in the financial statements. The Company recognizes accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits as part of income tax expense. Penalties, if incurred, are recognized as a component of income tax expense. The Company provides a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to their estimated realizable value, when appropriate. GAAP allows the Company to either: (i) treat taxes due on future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI as a current-period expense when incurred (the “period cost method”); or (ii) factor such amounts into its measurement of deferred taxes (the “deferred method”). The Company elected the period cost method.
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share	(o) Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share is determined by dividing the net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and participating securities outstanding during the period. Participating securities are included in the basic earnings per share calculation when dilutive. Diluted earnings per share is determined by dividing the net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares are included in the diluted earnings per share calculation when dilutive. Potential common shares consisting of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding employee stock options and warrants are computed using the treasury stock method. Potential common shares also consist of common stock issuable upon the conversion of preferred stock. Beginning January 1, 2017, excess tax benefits are no longer included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share, on a prospective basis. The Company has two classes of common stock: class A common stock and class B common stock. Holders of class A common stock generally have the same rights, including rights to dividends, as holders of class B common stock, except that holders of class A common stock have one vote per share while holders of class B common stock have ten votes per share. Each share of class B common stock is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, into one share of class A common stock. As such, basic and fully diluted earnings per share for class A and class B common stock are the same. The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on either class A or class B common stock. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, there were no shares of preferred stock outstanding.
Foreign Currency Translation	(p) Foreign Currency Translation The functional currency of the Company’s international operations is the local currency. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities of international subsidiaries are translated using exchange rates in effect at the end of the period, and revenue and expenses are translated using weighted average exchange rates for the period. The related translation adjustments are reported in “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” in stockholders’ equity. In general, upon complete or substantially complete liquidation of an investment in an international subsidiary, the amount of accumulated translation adjustments attributable to that subsidiary is reclassified from stockholders’ equity to the statement of operations. Transaction gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity involved are included in the results of operations. In 2015, as a result of the completion of the liquidation of one of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries, a $0.3 million foreign currency translation gain was reclassified from “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets to “Other (expense) income, net” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. No reclassifications were recorded in 2017 or 2016. As of December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, the cumulative foreign currency translation balances were $(6.0) million, $(10.8) million, and $(7.4) million, respectively. Since the Company intends to indefinitely reinvest its undistributed earnings of all of its subsidiaries, no taxes were recognized on the temporary differences resulting from foreign currency translation adjustments for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015. Transaction gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in foreign currencies resulted in a net loss of $7.0 million in 2017 and net gains of $3.0 million and $2.4 million in 2016 and 2015, respectively, and are included in “Other (expense) income, net” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Concentrations of Credit Risk	(q) Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments, foreign currency forward contracts, and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash equivalents and enters into foreign currency forward contracts with high credit-quality financial institutions and invests its excess cash primarily in short-term investments. The Company has established guidelines relative to credit ratings and maturities that seek to maintain safety and liquidity. The Company sells products and services to various companies across several industries throughout the world in the ordinary course of business. The Company routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers and maintains allowances for anticipated losses. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, no individual customer accounted for 10% or more of net accounts receivable, and for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, no individual customer accounted for 10% or more of revenue.

Accounts Receivable (Tables)

Accounts Receivable (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Receivables [Abstract]
Schedule of Accounts Receivable	Accounts receivable (in thousands) consisted of the following, as of: December 31, 2017 2016 Billed and billable $ 169,554 $ 188,038 Less: unpaid deferred revenue (95,864 ) (101,538 ) Accounts receivable, gross 73,690 86,500 Less: allowance for doubtful accounts (4,190 ) (3,181 ) Accounts receivable, net $ 69,500 $ 83,319

Property and Equipment (Tables)

Property and Equipment (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]
Schedule of Property and Equipment	Property and equipment (in thousands) consisted of the following, as of: December 31, 2017 2016 Transportation equipment $ 48,645 $ 48,835 Computer equipment and purchased software 57,515 60,692 Furniture and equipment 10,425 10,871 Leasehold improvements 28,511 27,737 Internally developed software 9,643 9,655 Property and equipment, gross 154,739 157,790 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (101,380 ) (100,354 ) Property and equipment, net $ 53,359 $ 57,436

Deferred Revenue and Advance 29

Deferred Revenue and Advance Payments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Deferred Revenue Disclosure [Abstract]
Deferred Revenue and Advance Payments	Deferred revenue and advance payments (in thousands) from customers consisted of the following, as of: December 31, 2017 2016 Current: Deferred product licenses revenue $ 11,113 $ 13,023 Deferred subscription services revenue 17,324 18,303 Deferred product support revenue 168,043 162,781 Deferred other services revenue 9,465 10,015 Gross current deferred revenue and advance payments 205,945 204,122 Less: unpaid deferred revenue (93,296 ) (98,587 ) Net current deferred revenue and advance payments $ 112,649 $ 105,535 Non-current: Deferred product licenses revenue $ 7,169 $ 9,118 Deferred subscription services revenue 126 1,307 Deferred product support revenue 4,826 5,751 Deferred other services revenue 628 690 Gross non-current deferred revenue and advance payments 12,749 16,866 Less: unpaid deferred revenue (2,568 ) (2,951 ) Net non-current deferred revenue and advance payments $ 10,181 $ 13,915

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Future Minimum Rent Payments Under Noncancellable Operating Leases And Anticipated Payments Related to One-Time Transition Tax	The following table shows future minimum rent payments under noncancellable operating leases and agreements with initial terms of greater than one year, net of total future minimum rent payments to be received under noncancellable sublease agreements, and anticipated payments related to the one-time Transition Tax resulting from the Tax Act, based on the expected due dates of the various installments as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands): Operating Leases Transition Tax Year Amount Amount 2018 $ 24,508 $ 3,450 2019 20,059 3,200 2020 18,779 3,200 2021 2,610 3,200 2022 1,758 3,200 Thereafter 4,276 24,000 $ 71,990 $ 40,250

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Components of Income Before Income Taxes	U.S. and international components of income before income taxes (in thousands) were comprised of the following for the periods indicated: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 U.S. $ 19,166 $ 51,145 $ 68,555 Foreign 53,441 61,901 69,309 Total $ 72,607 $ 113,046 $ 137,864
Schedule of Provision for Income Taxes	The provision for income taxes (in thousands) consisted of the following for the periods indicated: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Current: Federal $ 48,794 $ 18,453 $ 11,748 State 4,077 3,681 2,997 Foreign 4,074 4,941 7,565 $ 56,945 $ 27,075 $ 22,310 Deferred: Federal $ 88 $ (4,742 ) $ 9,215 State (1,342 ) (890 ) 693 Foreign (727 ) 695 (285 ) $ (1,981 ) $ (4,937 ) $ 9,623 Total provision $ 54,964 $ 22,138 $ 31,933
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation	The provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s income before income taxes as follows for the periods indicated: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Income tax expense at federal statutory rate 35.0 % 35.0 % 35.0 % State taxes, net of federal tax effect 2.5 % 1.6 % 1.7 % Foreign earnings taxed at different rates (24.2 )% (15.5 )% (14.0 )% Withholding tax 1.9 % 1.4 % 1.1 % Foreign tax credit (1.1 )% (1.0 )% (0.3 )% Other international components 0.0 % (0.1 )% 0.8 % Change in valuation allowance 0.2 % (0.8 )% (0.1 )% Deferred tax adjustments and rate changes 5.2 % 0.1 % (0.1 )% Deemed repatriation transition tax 55.5 % 0.0 % 0.0 % Subpart F income 1.5 % 0.6 % 0.5 % Research and development tax credit (1.1 )% (0.8 )% (0.6 )% Section 199 Deduction (1.4 )% (1.8 )% (1.5 )% Other permanent differences 1.7 % 0.9 % 0.7 % Total 75.7 % 19.6 % 23.2 %
Schedule of Effective Tax Rate for Income Before Income Taxes	The Company’s U.S. and foreign effective tax rates for income before income taxes were as follows for the periods indicated: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 U.S. 269.3 % 32.3 % 36.0 % Foreign 6.3 % 9.1 % 10.5 % Combined 75.7 % 19.6 % 23.2 %
Schedule of Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities	Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities (in thousands) were as follows for the periods indicated: December 31, 2017 2016 Deferred tax assets, net: Net operating loss carryforwards $ 761 $ 214 Tax credits 1,520 1,372 Intangible assets 10 11 Deferred revenue adjustment 3,351 3,305 Accrued compensation 2,863 7,866 Share-based compensation expense 11,597 11,440 Deferred rent 0 1,281 Other 2,457 2,002 Deferred tax assets before valuation allowance 22,559 27,491 Valuation allowance (1,015 ) (832 ) Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance 21,544 26,659 Deferred tax liabilities: Prepaid expenses and other 684 1,098 Property and equipment 6,778 10,821 Capitalized software development costs 695 3,330 Total deferred tax liabilities 8,157 15,249 Total net deferred tax asset $ 13,387 $ 11,410 Reported as: Non-current deferred tax assets, net 13,391 11,704 Non-current deferred tax liabilities (4 ) (294 ) Total net deferred tax asset $ 13,387 $ 11,410
Schedule of Change In Unrecognized Tax Benefits	The change in unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands) is presented in the table below: Unrecognized tax benefits at January 1, 2017 $ 3,121 Increase related to positions taken in prior period 771 Increase related to positions taken in current period 294 Decrease related to expiration of statute of limitations (741 ) Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2017 3,445 Accrued interest 569 Unrecognized tax benefits recorded in other long-term liabilities at December 31, 2017 $ 4,014

Share-based Compensation (Table

Share-based Compensation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]
Summary of Stock Option Activity	The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity (in thousands, except per share data and years) for the periods indicated: Stock Options Outstanding Weighted Average Aggregate Weighted Average Exercise Price Intrinsic Remaining Contractual Shares Per Share Value Term (Years) Balance as of January 1, 2015 1,201 $ 111.77 Granted 380 178.93 Exercised (91 ) 105.25 $ 6,367 Forfeited/Expired (167 ) 131.31 Balance as of December 31, 2015 1,323 129.04 Granted 45 189.62 Exercised (112 ) 97.82 $ 8,102 Forfeited/Expired (370 ) 110.28 Balance as of December 31, 2016 886 143.89 Granted 175 169.04 Exercised (12 ) 143.35 $ 541 Forfeited/Expired (57 ) 196.52 Balance as of December 31, 2017 992 $ 145.28 Exercisable as of December 31, 2017 536 $ 135.48 $ 3,941 6.6 Expected to vest as of December 31, 2017 456 $ 156.79 1,409 7.9 Total 992 $ 145.28 $ 5,350 7.2
Schedule of Range of Exercise Prices per Share	Stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2017 are comprised of the following range of exercise prices per share (in thousands, except per share data and years): Stock Options Outstanding at December 31, 2017 Weighted Average Weighted Average Exercise Price Remaining Contractual Range of Exercise Prices per Share Shares Per Share Term (Years) $117.85 - $120.00 25 $ 118.55 6.3 $120.01 - $150.00 570 $ 122.67 6.7 $150.01 - $180.00 202 $ 167.50 7.2 $180.01 - $201.25 195 $ 191.78 8.7 Total 992 $ 145.28 7.2
Assumptions Used in Black-Scholes Pricing Model	The weighted average grant date fair value of stock option awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model was $68.67, $75.54, and $73.86 for each share subject to a stock option granted during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, based on the following assumptions: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Expected term of options in years 6.3 6.3 6.3 Expected volatility 37.4% - 37.8% 38.5% 39.0% - 40.2% Risk-free interest rate 1.9% - 2.3% 1.4% - 1.6% 1.5% - 2.0% Expected dividend yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Basic and Diluted Earnings pe33

Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share	The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share data) for the periods indicated: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Numerator: Net income $ 17,643 $ 90,908 $ 105,931 Denominator: Weighted average common shares of class A common stock 9,409 9,390 9,320 Weighted average common shares of class B common stock 2,035 2,035 2,035 Total weighted average common stock shares outstanding 11,444 11,425 11,355 Effect of dilutive securities: Employee stock options 103 91 184 Adjusted weighted average shares 11,547 11,516 11,539 Earnings per share: Basic earnings per share $ 1.54 $ 7.96 $ 9.33 Diluted earnings per share $ 1.53 $ 7.89 $ 9.18

Segment Information (Tables)

Segment Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Revenues and Long-Lived Assets, by Geographic Region	The following table presents total revenues, gross profit, and long-lived assets, excluding long-term deferred tax assets, (in thousands) according to geographic region: Geographic regions: Domestic EMEA Other Regions Consolidated Year ended December 31, 2017 Total revenues $ 292,930 $ 154,567 $ 57,046 $ 504,543 Gross profit $ 233,945 $ 126,147 $ 47,802 $ 407,894 Year ended December 31, 2016 Total revenues $ 310,972 $ 150,422 $ 50,767 $ 512,161 Gross profit $ 253,234 $ 122,865 $ 42,915 $ 419,014 Year ended December 31, 2015 Total revenues $ 326,792 $ 153,658 $ 49,419 $ 529,869 Gross profit $ 265,438 $ 121,148 $ 42,175 $ 428,761 As of December 31, 2017 Long-lived assets $ 53,102 $ 4,108 $ 1,516 $ 58,726 As of December 31, 2016 Long-lived assets $ 67,031 $ 3,256 $ 1,341 $ 71,628

Selected Quarterly Financial 35

Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Selected Quarterly Financial Data	The following tables contain unaudited Statement of Operations information for each quarter of 2017 and 2016. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company estimated and recorded a one-time tax provision of $44.0 million as a result of the Tax Act. This tax provision is comprised of a $40.3 million Transition Tax and a $3.7 million charge related to the re-measurement of net deferred tax assets arising from the new lower corporate tax rate effected by the Tax Act. During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company reversed the accrual for potential future payments in connection with the departure from the Company of two executives in connection with an executive management reorganization in January 2016, which resulted in a $3.4 million increase in net income. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period. Quarter Ended March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 Year (in thousands, except per share data) 2017 Revenues $ 120,576 $ 120,610 $ 125,212 $ 138,145 $ 504,543 Gross profit $ 97,444 $ 96,235 $ 100,823 $ 113,392 $ 407,894 Net (loss) income $ 14,867 $ 11,076 $ 17,924 $ (26,224 ) $ 17,643 Earnings (loss) per share: (1) Basic $ 1.30 $ 0.97 $ 1.57 $ (2.29 ) $ 1.54 Diluted $ 1.28 $ 0.96 $ 1.56 $ (2.29 ) $ 1.53 Quarter Ended March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 Year (in thousands, except per share data) 2016 Revenues $ 119,015 $ 123,142 $ 129,896 $ 140,108 $ 512,161 Gross profit $ 96,192 $ 99,041 $ 106,961 $ 116,820 $ 419,014 Net income $ 14,272 $ 18,884 $ 26,628 $ 31,124 $ 90,908 Earnings per share: (1) Basic $ 1.25 $ 1.65 $ 2.33 $ 2.72 $ 7.96 Diluted $ 1.24 $ 1.64 $ 2.31 $ 2.69 $ 7.89 (1) The sum of the basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share for the four quarters may differ from annual earnings per share as the weighted-average shares outstanding are computed independently for each of the quarters presented.

Summary of Significant Accoun36

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)Customershares	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)Customershares	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)Customer
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated salvage value	70.00%
Capitalized software development costs, net	$ 2,499,000	$ 8,497,000
Capitalized computer software, amortization	6,000,000	7,400,000	$ 7,200,000
Additions to capitalized software development costs	$ 0	0	9,600,000
Variance below minimum VSOE rate	10.00%
Advertising costs	$ 5,700,000	1,300,000	500,000
Prepaid advertising costs	$ 0	$ 0
Common stock, conversion ratio	One
Preferred stock, shares outstanding | shares	0	0
Reclassification of foreign currency translation adjustment from other comprehensive income	$ 0	$ 0	280,000
Cumulative foreign currency translation amount	(6,000,000)	(10,800,000)	(7,400,000)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, tax	0	0	0
Transaction gains (losses) arising from transactions denominated in foreign currencies	$ (7,000,000)	$ 3,000,000	$ 2,400,000
Customer Concentration Risk | Sales Revenue, Goods, Net
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of individual customer accounted for 10% or more of net accounts receivable | Customer	0	0
Number of individual customer accounted for 10% or more of total revenues | Customer	0	0	0
Class A
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Common stock, voting rights, per share	One
Class B Convertible
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Common stock, voting rights, per share	Ten
Computer Equipment And Purchased Software
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of assets, years	3 years
Office Equipment And Automobiles
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of assets, years	5 years
Office Furniture And Corporate Aircraft
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of assets, years	10 years
Software Development
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of assets, years	3 years

Recent Accounting Standards - A

Recent Accounting Standards - Additional Information (Detail) - ASU 2014-09 - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Jan. 01, 2016
New Accounting Pronouncements Or Change In Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Capitalized cost amortization period	3 years
Estimated increase in beginning retained earnings balance			$ 13
Estimated decrease in beginning gross deferred revenues			13
Estimated decrease in beginning deferred tax assets, net of deferred tax liabilities			5
Estimated Increase in beginning other non-current assets			4
Estimated increase in beginning other current assets			$ 1
Estimated (decrease) increase in product license revenues	$ (0.5)	$ 1.5
Estimated increase in net accounts receivable	95.9	101.5
Estimated increase in net deferred revenues	95.9	101.5
Estimated variable compensation expenses capitalized	2.5	3
Estimated increase (decrease) in provision for income taxes	$ (1.5)	$ 0.5

Fair Value Measurements - Addit

Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$ 0	$ 0
Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	0	0
Fair value hierarchy transfers amount	0	0	$ 0
Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis	0	0
Liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis	$ 0	$ 0
Foreign currency forward contracts | Other income, net
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Net gain on foreign currency forward contracts			$ 500,000

Short-term Investments - Additi

Short-term Investments - Additional Information (Detail) - US Treasury Securities and Certificates of Deposit - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Investment [Line Items]
Held to maturity securities, amortized cost	$ 254,900,000	$ 187,300,000
Held to maturity securities, carrying value	254,900,000	187,300,000
Held to maturity securities, fair value	254,800,000	187,300,000
Other-than-temporary impairments related to these investments	$ 0	$ 0
Minimum
Investment [Line Items]
Held to maturity securities maturity range	3 months
Maximum
Investment [Line Items]
Held to maturity securities maturity range	1 year

Schedule of Accounts Receivable

Schedule of Accounts Receivable (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Receivables [Abstract]
Billed and billable	$ 169,554	$ 188,038
Less: unpaid deferred revenue	(95,864)	(101,538)
Accounts receivable, gross	73,690	86,500
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts	(4,190)	(3,181)
Accounts receivable, net	$ 69,500	$ 83,319

Schedule of Property and Equipm

Schedule of Property and Equipment (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 154,739	$ 157,790
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(101,380)	(100,354)
Property and equipment, net	53,359	57,436
Transportation Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	48,645	48,835
Computer Equipment And Purchased Software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	57,515	60,692
Furniture and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	10,425	10,871
Leaseholds Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	28,511	27,737
Internally Developed Software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 9,643	$ 9,655

Property and Equipment - Additi

Property and Equipment - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net	$ 53,359	$ 57,436
Accumulated depreciation	101,380	100,354
Property and equipment, gross	154,739	157,790
Depreciation and amortization	8,400	10,600	$ 14,000
Aircraft And Aircraft-Related Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net	36,900	38,400
Accumulated depreciation	11,700	10,200
Computer Equipment And Purchased Software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	57,515	60,692
Computer Equipment And Purchased Software | Assets Held under Capital Leases
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Accumulated depreciation	600	2,200
Property and equipment, gross	$ 600	$ 2,200

Deferred Revenue and Advance 43

Deferred Revenue and Advance Payments (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Deferred Revenue Disclosure [Abstract]
Deferred product licenses revenue, Current	$ 11,113	$ 13,023
Deferred subscription services revenue, Current	17,324	18,303
Deferred product support revenue, Current	168,043	162,781
Deferred other services revenue, Current	9,465	10,015
Gross current deferred revenue and advance payments	205,945	204,122
Less: unpaid deferred revenue, Current	(93,296)	(98,587)
Net current deferred revenue and advance payments	112,649	105,535
Deferred product licenses revenue, Non-current	7,169	9,118
Deferred subscription services revenue, Non-current	126	1,307
Deferred product support revenue, Non-current	4,826	5,751
Deferred other services revenue, Non-current	628	690
Gross non-current deferred revenue and advance payments	12,749	16,866
Less: unpaid deferred revenue, Non-current	(2,568)	(2,951)
Net non-current deferred revenue and advance payments	$ 10,181	$ 13,915

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Detail) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)ft²	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Transition tax		$ 40,250
Total rental expenses under operating lease agreements		$ 19,800	$ 20,300	$ 22,600
Date of dismissal		Oct. 20, 2017
Other Long-term Liabilities
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Transition tax		$ 36,800
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Transition tax		$ 3,500
Northern Virginia Office Space
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Office space area leased under the agreement | ft²		214,000
Lease expiration date		2020-12
Deferred rent included in other long-term liabilities		$ 8,500	12,300
Deferred rent included in current accrued expenses		$ 3,800	$ 3,500
Northern Virginia Office Space | Subsequent Event
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Lease expiration date	2030-12

Future Minimum Rent Payments Un

Future Minimum Rent Payments Under Noncancellable Operating Leases And Anticipated Payments Related to One-Time Transition Tax (Detail) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2,018	$ 24,508
2,019	20,059
2,020	18,779
2,021	2,610
2,022	1,758
Thereafter	4,276
Total future minimum rent payments under noncancellable operating leases	71,990
2,018	3,450
2,019	3,200
2,020	3,200
2,021	3,200
2,022	3,200
Thereafter	24,000
Total anticipated payments under one-time transition tax	$ 40,250

Schedule of Components of Incom

Schedule of Components of Income Before Income Taxes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S.	$ 19,166	$ 51,145	$ 68,555
Foreign	53,441	61,901	69,309
Income before income taxes	$ 72,607	$ 113,046	$ 137,864

Schedule of Provision for Incom

Schedule of Provision for Income Taxes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Components Of Income Tax Expense Benefit Continuing Operations [Abstract]
Federal, Current	$ 48,794	$ 18,453	$ 11,748
State, Current	4,077	3,681	2,997
Foreign, Current	4,074	4,941	7,565
Income tax expense (benefit), Current, total	56,945	27,075	22,310
Federal, Deferred	88	(4,742)	9,215
State, Deferred	(1,342)	(890)	693
Foreign, Deferred	(727)	695	(285)
Income tax expense (benefit), Deferred, total	(1,981)	(4,937)	9,623
Total provision	$ 54,964	$ 22,138	$ 31,933

Schedule of Effective Income Ta

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax expense at federal statutory rate	35.00%	35.00%	35.00%
State taxes, net of federal tax effect	2.50%	1.60%	1.70%
Foreign earnings taxed at different rates	(24.20%)	(15.50%)	(14.00%)
Withholding tax	1.90%	1.40%	1.10%
Foreign tax credit	(1.10%)	(1.00%)	(0.30%)
Other international components	0.00%	(0.10%)	0.80%
Change in valuation allowance	0.20%	(0.80%)	(0.10%)
Deferred tax adjustments and rate changes	5.20%	0.10%	(0.10%)
Deemed repatriation transition tax	55.50%	0.00%	0.00%
Subpart F income	1.50%	0.60%	0.50%
Research and development tax credit	(1.10%)	(0.80%)	(0.60%)
Section 199 Deduction	(1.40%)	(1.80%)	(1.50%)
Other permanent differences	1.70%	0.90%	0.70%
Total	75.70%	19.60%	23.20%

Schedule of Effective Tax Rate

Schedule of Effective Tax Rate for Income Before Income Taxes (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Schedule Of Effective Tax Rates [Line Items]
Effective tax rates	75.70%	19.60%	23.20%
U.S.
Schedule Of Effective Tax Rates [Line Items]
Effective tax rates	269.30%	32.30%	36.00%
Foreign
Schedule Of Effective Tax Rates [Line Items]
Effective tax rates	6.30%	9.10%	10.50%

Income Taxes - Additional Infor

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Income Taxes
Estimated one-time tax provision	$ 44,000,000
Transition tax	40,250,000		$ 40,250,000
Tax provision charge related to re-measurement of net deferred tax assets	3,700,000
Effective U.S corporate tax rate			35.00%	35.00%	35.00%
Previously taxed foreign income, repatriated			$ 1,800,000	$ 1,900,000	$ 0
Income taxes payable	400,000		400,000	10,500,000
Unrecognized tax benefits	4,014,000		4,014,000
Unrecognized tax benefits would impact the effective tax rate	3,500,000		3,500,000
Interest accrued	569,000		569,000	400,000
Valuation allowances	1,015,000		1,015,000	832,000
U.S
Income Taxes
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments	293,800,000		293,800,000	279,800,000
Operating loss carryforwards	0		$ 0	0
U.S | Earliest Tax Year
Income Taxes
Tax years subject to examination			2,014
Foreign
Income Taxes
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments	381,400,000		$ 381,400,000	309,600,000
Operating loss carryforwards	2,500,000		$ 2,500,000	$ 700,000
Germany | Tax Year 2013
Income Taxes
Tax years settled which were under tax examination			2,013
Germany | Tax Year 2014
Income Taxes
Tax years settled which were under tax examination			2,014
Germany | Tax Year 2015
Income Taxes
Tax years settled which were under tax examination			2,015
Germany | Earliest Tax Year
Income Taxes
Tax years subject to examination			2,016
Poland | Earliest Tax Year
Income Taxes
Tax years subject to examination			2,013
China | Earliest Tax Year
Income Taxes
Tax years subject to examination			2,013
Spain | Earliest Tax Year
Income Taxes
Tax years subject to examination			2,014
United Kingdom | Earliest Tax Year
Income Taxes
Tax years subject to examination			2,016
Scenario Forecast
Income Taxes
Effective U.S corporate tax rate		21.00%
Other Long-term Liabilities
Income Taxes
Transition tax	$ 36,800,000		$ 36,800,000

Schedule of Components of Defer

Schedule of Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Components Of Deferred Tax Assets And Liabilities [Abstract]
Deferred tax assets, Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 761	$ 214
Deferred tax assets, Tax credits	1,520	1,372
Deferred tax assets, Intangible assets	10	11
Deferred tax assets, Deferred revenue adjustment	3,351	3,305
Deferred tax assets, Accrued Compensation	2,863	7,866
Share-based compensation expense	11,597	11,440
Deferred tax assets, Deferred rent	0	1,281
Deferred tax assets, Other	2,457	2,002
Deferred tax assets before valuation allowance	22,559	27,491
Deferred tax assets, Valuation allowance	(1,015)	(832)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance	21,544	26,659
Deferred tax liabilities, Prepaid expenses and other	684	1,098
Deferred tax liabilities, Property and equipment	6,778	10,821
Deferred tax liabilities, Capitalized software development costs	695	3,330
Total deferred tax liabilities	8,157	15,249
Total net deferred tax asset	13,387	11,410
Non-current deferred tax assets, net	13,391	11,704
Non-current deferred tax liabilities	$ (4)	$ (294)

Schedule of Change in Unrecogni

Schedule of Change in Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Uncertainties [Abstract]
Unrecognized tax benefits at January 1, 2017	$ 3,121
Increase related to positions taken in prior period	771
Increase related to positions taken in current period	294
Decrease related to expiration of statute of limitations	(741)
Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2017	3,445
Accrued interest	569	$ 400
Unrecognized tax benefits recorded in other long-term liabilities at December 31, 2017	$ 4,014

Share-based Compensation - Addi

Share-based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option awards granted	175,000	45,000	380,000
Options outstanding, shares	992,000	886,000	1,323,000	1,201,000
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Stock options vested	215,000	222,500	283,750
Aggregate fair value of stock option vested	$ 13,000,000	$ 13,700,000	$ 14,200,000
Weighted average grant date fair value of stock option awards	$ 68.67	$ 75.54	$ 73.86
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense	$ 19,800,000
Unrecognized compensation expense expected to be recognized	2 years 3 months 18 days
Increase in additional paid-in capital		$ 1,244,000	$ 1,096,000
Deferred tax assets wrote off due to vested stock options not exercisable	$ 0	1,700,000
Decrease in additional-paid in capital	0	1,700,000	0
Payments related to tax withholding for net-share settlement of share-based award	0	3,739,000	0
Class A
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Increase in additional paid-in capital		0	0
2013 Equity Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense recognized	14,300,000	11,800,000	17,300,000
Payments related to tax withholding for net-share settlement of share-based award	0	3,700,000	0
Adjustment to Additional paid in capital related to tax withholding for net-share settlement of share-based award	$ 0	$ 3,700,000	$ 0
2013 Equity Plan | Class A
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation, stock authorized	1,700,000
Share-based compensation award expiration period	10 years
Stock option awards, vesting period	4 years
2013 Equity Plan | Class A | Employees, Officers, and Directors
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option awards granted	175,000
Options outstanding, shares	991,633
Remaining shares of class A common stock authorized for future issuance	485,000

Summary of Stock Option Activit

Summary of Stock Option Activity (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Options outstanding, shares
Beginning Balance	886	1,323	1,201
Granted	175	45	380
Exercised	(12)	(112)	(91)
Forfeited/Expired	(57)	(370)	(167)
Ending Balance	992	886	1,323
Exercisable as of December 31, 2017	536
Expected to vest as of December 31, 2017	456
Total	992
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Beginning Balance	$ 143.89	$ 129.04	$ 111.77
Granted	169.04	189.62	178.93
Exercised	143.35	97.82	105.25
Forfeited/Expired	196.52	110.28	131.31
Ending Balance	145.28	$ 143.89	$ 129.04
Exercisable as of December 31, 2017	135.48
Expected to vest as of December 31, 2017	156.79
Total	$ 145.28
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Exercised	$ 541	$ 8,102	$ 6,367
Exercisable as of December 31, 2017	3,941
Expected to vest as of December 31, 2017	1,409
Total	$ 5,350
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Exercisable as of December 31, 2017	6 years 6 months
Expected to vest as of December 31, 2017	7 years 10 months 24 days
Total	7 years 2 months 12 days

Schedule of Range of Exercise P

Schedule of Range of Exercise Prices per Share (Detail) shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017$ / sharesshares
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Shares, Stock Options Outstanding | shares	992
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Stock Options Outstanding	$ 145.28
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Stock Options Outstanding	7 years 2 months 12 days
117.85 - 120.00
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of Exercise Prices per Share, minimum	$ 117.85
Range of Exercise Prices per Share, maximum	$ 120
Shares, Stock Options Outstanding | shares	25
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Stock Options Outstanding	$ 118.55
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Stock Options Outstanding	6 years 3 months 18 days
120.01 - 150.00
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of Exercise Prices per Share, minimum	$ 120.01
Range of Exercise Prices per Share, maximum	$ 150
Shares, Stock Options Outstanding | shares	570
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Stock Options Outstanding	$ 122.67
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Stock Options Outstanding	6 years 8 months 12 days
150.01 - 180.00
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of Exercise Prices per Share, minimum	$ 150.01
Range of Exercise Prices per Share, maximum	$ 180
Shares, Stock Options Outstanding | shares	202
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Stock Options Outstanding	$ 167.50
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Stock Options Outstanding	7 years 2 months 12 days
180.01 - 201.25
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of Exercise Prices per Share, minimum	$ 180.01
Range of Exercise Prices per Share, maximum	$ 201.25
Shares, Stock Options Outstanding | shares	195
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Stock Options Outstanding	$ 191.78
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Stock Options Outstanding	8 years 8 months 12 days

Assumptions Used in Black-Schol

Assumptions Used in Black-Scholes Pricing Model (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]
Expected term of options in years	6 years 3 months 18 days	6 years 3 months 18 days	6 years 3 months 18 days
Expected volatility		38.50%
Expected volatility, minimum	37.40%		39.00%
Expected volatility, maximum	37.80%		40.20%
Risk-free interest rate, minimum	1.90%	1.40%	1.50%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum	2.30%	1.60%	2.00%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%

Computation of Basic and Dilute

Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended																12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017		Sep. 30, 2017		Jun. 30, 2017		Mar. 31, 2017		Dec. 31, 2016		Sep. 30, 2016		Jun. 30, 2016		Mar. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2017		Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015
Earnings Loss Per Share [Line Items]
Net income	$ (26,224)		$ 17,924		$ 11,076		$ 14,867		$ 31,124		$ 26,628		$ 18,884		$ 14,272		$ 17,643		$ 90,908		$ 105,931
Total weighted average common stock shares outstanding																	11,444		11,425		11,355
Employee stock options																	103		91		184
Adjusted weighted average shares																	11,547		11,516		11,539
Earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share	$ (2.29)	[1]	$ 1.57	[1]	$ 0.97	[1]	$ 1.30	[1]	$ 2.72	[1]	$ 2.33	[1]	$ 1.65	[1]	$ 1.25	[1]	$ 1.54	[1],[2]	$ 7.96	[1],[2]	$ 9.33	[2]
Diluted earnings per share	$ (2.29)	[1]	$ 1.56	[1]	$ 0.96	[1]	$ 1.28	[1]	$ 2.69	[1]	$ 2.31	[1]	$ 1.64	[1]	$ 1.24	[1]	$ 1.53	[1],[2]	$ 7.89	[1],[2]	$ 9.18	[2]
Class A
Earnings Loss Per Share [Line Items]
Net income																	$ 0		$ 0		$ 0
Total weighted average common stock shares outstanding																	9,409		9,390		9,320
Class B Convertible
Earnings Loss Per Share [Line Items]
Net income																	$ 0		$ 0		$ 0
Total weighted average common stock shares outstanding																	2,035		2,035		2,035
[1]	The sum of the basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share for the four quarters may differ from annual earnings per share as the weighted-average shares outstanding are computed independently for each of the quarters presented.
[2]	Basic and fully diluted earnings per share for class A and class B common stock are the same.

Basic and Diluted Earnings pe58

Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share - Additional Information (Detail) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Class A | 2013 Plan
Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Shares issuable under stock options excluded from calculation of diluted earnings per share	398,000	391,000	262,000

Treasury Stock - Additional Inf

Treasury Stock - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Treasury stock, shares	6,405,000	6,405,000
Treasury stock, cost	$ 475,184,000	$ 475,184,000
Class A | 2005 Share Repurchase Program
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Shares repurchased program expiration date	Apr. 29, 2018
Stock authorized to repurchase by board of directors	$ 800,000,000
Treasury stock, shares	3,826,947
Shares repurchased, average price per share	$ 90.23
Treasury stock, cost	$ 345,300,000
Treasury stock, shares repurchased	0	0	0

Employee Benefit Plan - Additio

Employee Benefit Plan - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Compensation And Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]
Maximum employee contribution to 401k	50.00%
Employer match for first 6% contributed by plan participant	50.00%
Maximum contribution by participant that employer will match at 50%	6.00%
Maximum annual contribution by employer	$ 3,000
Employer contribution to the plan	$ 2,100,000	$ 1,900,000	$ 1,600,000

Segment Information - Additiona

Segment Information - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017CustomerSegmentCountry	Dec. 31, 2016CustomerCountry	Dec. 31, 2015CustomerCountry
Segment Reporting Information
Number of operating segments | Segment	1
Geographic Concentration Risk
Segment Reporting Information
Number Of Individual Country accounted for 10% or more of total revenues	0	0	0
Number Of Individual country accounted for 10% or more of total consolidated assets	0	0
Customer Concentration Risk | Sales Revenue, Goods, Net
Segment Reporting Information
Number Of Individual Customer accounted for 10% or more of total consolidated revenues | Customer	0	0	0

Total Revenues Gross Profit and

Total Revenues Gross Profit and Long Lived Assets Excluding Long Term Deferred Tax Assets (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets
Total revenues	$ 138,145	$ 125,212	$ 120,610	$ 120,576	$ 140,108	$ 129,896	$ 123,142	$ 119,015	$ 504,543	$ 512,161	$ 529,869
Gross profit	113,392	$ 100,823	$ 96,235	$ 97,444	116,820	$ 106,961	$ 99,041	$ 96,192	407,894	419,014	428,761
Long-lived assets	58,726				71,628				58,726	71,628
Domestic
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets
Total revenues									292,930	310,972	326,792
Gross profit									233,945	253,234	265,438
Long-lived assets	53,102				67,031				53,102	67,031
EMEA
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets
Total revenues									154,567	150,422	153,658
Gross profit									126,147	122,865	121,148
Long-lived assets	4,108				3,256				4,108	3,256
Other Regions
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets
Total revenues									57,046	50,767	49,419
Gross profit									47,802	42,915	$ 42,175
Long-lived assets	$ 1,516				$ 1,341				$ 1,516	$ 1,341

Selected Quarterly Financial 63

Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) - Additional Information (Detail) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)Executive
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Estimated one-time tax provision	$ 44,000
Transition tax	40,250
Tax provision charge related to re-measurement of net deferred tax assets	$ 3,700
Number of executives departed in connection with an executive management reorganization in January 2016 | Executive		2
Increase in net income as a result of reversal of accrual for potential future payments in connection with an executive management reorganization in January 2016		$ 3,400

Selected Quarterly Financial 64

Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended																12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017		Sep. 30, 2017		Jun. 30, 2017		Mar. 31, 2017		Dec. 31, 2016		Sep. 30, 2016		Jun. 30, 2016		Mar. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2017		Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 138,145		$ 125,212		$ 120,610		$ 120,576		$ 140,108		$ 129,896		$ 123,142		$ 119,015		$ 504,543		$ 512,161		$ 529,869
Gross profit	113,392		100,823		96,235		97,444		116,820		106,961		99,041		96,192		407,894		419,014		428,761
Net (loss) income	$ (26,224)		$ 17,924		$ 11,076		$ 14,867		$ 31,124		$ 26,628		$ 18,884		$ 14,272		$ 17,643		$ 90,908		$ 105,931
Earnings (loss) per share:
Basic	$ (2.29)	[1]	$ 1.57	[1]	$ 0.97	[1]	$ 1.30	[1]	$ 2.72	[1]	$ 2.33	[1]	$ 1.65	[1]	$ 1.25	[1]	$ 1.54	[1],[2]	$ 7.96	[1],[2]	$ 9.33	[2]
Diluted	$ (2.29)	[1]	$ 1.56	[1]	$ 0.96	[1]	$ 1.28	[1]	$ 2.69	[1]	$ 2.31	[1]	$ 1.64	[1]	$ 1.24	[1]	$ 1.53	[1],[2]	$ 7.89	[1],[2]	$ 9.18	[2]
[1]	The sum of the basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share for the four quarters may differ from annual earnings per share as the weighted-average shares outstanding are computed independently for each of the quarters presented.
[2]	Basic and fully diluted earnings per share for class A and class B common stock are the same.

Subsequent Events - Additional

Subsequent Events - Additional Information (Detail) - Northern Virginia Office Space - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Lease expiration date		2020-12
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Lease expiration date	2030-12
Subsequent Event | Minimum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Annual base rent	$ 10
Subsequent Event | Maximum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Annual base rent	$ 13

Valuation And Qualifying Accoun

Valuation And Qualifying Accounts (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning of the period		$ 3,181	$ 3,825	$ 4,412
Additions	[1]	2,269	224	884
Deduction		(1,260)	(868)	(1,471)
Balance at the end of the period		4,190	3,181	3,825
Valuation Allowance of Deferred Tax Assets
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning of the period		832	1,984	2,311
Additions	[1]	183	20	75
Deduction		0	(1,172)	(402)
Balance at the end of the period		$ 1,015	$ 832	$ 1,984
[1]	Reductions in/charges to revenues and expenses.