LOANS AND LEASES | 3. LOANS AND LEASES Loans outstanding, excluding those held for sale, by general ledger classification, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, consisted of the following: % of % of September 30, Totals December 31, Total (Dollars in thousands) 2024 Loans 2023 Loans Residential mortgage $ 590,813 11.12 % $ 578,327 10.65 % Multifamily mortgage 1,784,861 33.58 1,836,390 33.82 Commercial mortgage 578,559 10.88 637,625 11.74 Commercial loans (including equipment financing) 2,221,243 41.79 2,260,524 41.64 Commercial construction 22,421 0.42 17,721 0.33 Home equity lines of credit 38,971 0.73 36,464 0.67 Consumer loans, including fixed rate home equity loans 78,160 1.47 62,036 1.14 Other loans 389 0.01 238 0.01 Total loans $ 5,315,417 100.00 % $ 5,429,325 100.00 % In determining an appropriate amount for the allowance, the Bank segments and aggregated the loan portfolio based on common characteristics. The following pool segments identified as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are based on the CECL methodology: % of % of September 30, Totals December 31, Total (Dollars in thousands) 2024 Loans 2023 Loans Primary residential mortgage $ 590,681 11.12 % $ 585,126 10.78 % Junior lien loan on residence 42,159 0.79 40,203 0.74 Multifamily property 1,784,861 33.59 1,836,390 33.85 Owner-occupied commercial real estate 269,743 5.08 255,110 4.70 Investment commercial real estate 979,188 18.43 1,061,197 19.56 Commercial and industrial 1,306,170 24.58 1,314,781 24.23 Lease financing 231,284 4.35 251,423 4.63 Construction 28,578 0.54 17,987 0.33 Consumer and other 80,795 1.52 63,906 1.18 Total loans 5,313,459 100.00 % 5,426,123 100.00 % Net deferred costs 1,958 3,202 Total loans including net deferred costs $ 5,315,417 $ 5,429,325 The following tables present the recorded investment in nonaccrual and loans past due 90 days or over still on accrual by class of loans as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023: September 30, 2024 Nonaccrual Loans Past Due With No 90 Days or Over Allowance And Still (In thousands) for Credit Loss Nonaccrual Accruing Interest Primary residential mortgage $ 2,136 $ 2,136 $ — Junior lien loan on residence 96 96 — Multifamily property 15,294 33,337 — Investment commercial real estate — 11,715 — Commercial and industrial 3,641 29,810 — Lease financing 2,555 3,355 — Consumer and other 4 4 — Total $ 23,726 $ 80,453 $ — December 31, 2023 Nonaccrual Loans Past Due With No 90 Days or Over Allowance And Still (In thousands) for Credit Loss Nonaccrual Accruing Interest Primary residential mortgage $ 1,263 $ 1,263 $ — Junior lien loan on residence 100 100 — Multifamily property 16,645 16,645 — Investment commercial real estate 9,881 9,881 — Commercial and industrial 3,965 31,430 — Lease financing 946 2,002 — Consumer and other 3 3 — Total $ 32,803 $ 61,324 $ — The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 by class of loans, excluding nonaccrual loans: September 30, 2024 30-59 60-89 90 Days or Days Days Greater Total (In thousands) Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Primary residential mortgage $ 2,170 $ 1,144 $ — $ 3,314 Junior lien loan on residence 52 — — 52 Multifamily property — 28,080 — 28,080 Total $ 2,222 $ 29,224 $ — $ 31,446 December 31, 2023 30-59 60-89 90 Days or Days Days Greater Total (In thousands) Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Primary residential mortgage $ 2,448 $ 1,061 $ — $ 3,509 Junior lien on residence 84 — — 84 Multifamily property 11,814 — — 11,814 Commercial and industrial 7,297 11,498 — 18,795 Consumer and other 387 — — 387 Total $ 22,030 $ 12,559 $ — $ 34,589 There were several loan modifications made during the first nine months of 2024, which included one investment commercial real estate loan, one commercial loan and one equipment finance of $ 17.3 million, $ 11.7 million and $ 10.5 million, respectively, that were completed during the third quarter of 2024. Loans past due 30 through 89 days at September 30, 2024 included $ 19.7 million of multifamily loans to two sponsors. Subsequent to September 30, 2024 these loans have been placed on nonaccrual status and downgraded to substandard. Credit Quality Indicators: The Company places all commercial loans into various credit risk rating categories based on an assessment of the expected ability of the borrowers to properly service their debt. The assessment considers numerous factors including, but not limited to, current financial information on the borrower, historical payment experience, strength of any guarantor, nature of and value of any collateral, acceptability of the loan structure and documentation, relevant public information and current economic trends. This credit risk rating analysis is performed when the loan is initially underwritten and then annually based on set criteria in the loan policy. In addition, the Bank has engaged an independent loan review firm to validate risk ratings and to ensure compliance with our policies and procedures. This review of the following types of loans is performed quarterly: • A large sample of relationships or new lending to existing relationships greater than $ 1,000,000 booked since the prior review; • All criticized and classified rated borrowers with relationship exposure of more than $ 500,000 ; • A large sample of Pass-rated (including Pass Watch) borrowers with total relationships in excess of $ 1,000,000 and a small sample of Pass related relationships less than $ 1,000,000 ; • All leveraged loans of $ 1,000,000 or greater; • At least two borrowing relationships managed by each commercial banker; • Any new Federal Reserve Board Regulation O loan commitments over $ 1,000,000 ; and • Any other credits requested by Bank senior management or a member of the Board of Directors and any borrower for which the reviewer determines a review is warranted based upon knowledge of the portfolio, local events, industry stresses, etc. The review excludes borrowers with commitments of less than $ 500,000 . The Company uses the following regulatory definitions for criticized and classified risk ratings: Special Mention: These loans have a potential weakness that deserves Management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, the potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loans or of the institution’s credit position at some future date. Substandard: These loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful: These loans have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, based on currently existing facts, conditions and values. Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above-described process are considered to be pass-rated loans. With the adoption of CECL, loans that are in the process of or expected to be in foreclosure are deemed to be collateral dependent with respect to measuring potential loss and allowance adequacy and are individually evaluated by Management. Loans that do not share common risk characteristics are also evaluated on an individual basis. All other loans are evaluated using a non-linear discounted cash flow methodology for measuring potential loss and allowance adequacy. The following is a summary of the credit risk profile of loans by internally assigned grade as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 based on originations for the periods indicated; the years represent the year of origination for non-revolving loans: Grade as of September 30, 2024 for Loans Originated During 2019 Revolving- (In thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 and Prior Revolving Term Total Primary residential mortgage: Pass $ 41,801 $ 90,809 $ 110,932 $ 76,105 $ 53,790 $ 208,748 $ — $ 5,680 $ 587,865 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — 1,087 97 — 450 1,182 — — 2,816 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total primary residential mortgages 41,801 91,896 111,029 76,105 54,240 209,930 — 5,680 590,681 Current period gross charge-offs — 43 — — — — — — 43 Junior lien loan on residence: Pass — 819 1,188 103 — 1,080 32,410 6,463 42,063 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — 95 1 96 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total junior lien loan on residence — 819 1,188 103 — 1,080 32,505 6,464 42,159 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Multifamily property: Pass 17,512 51,742 455,228 598,057 118,001 438,991 4,939 3,524 1,687,994 Special mention — — 3,405 28,343 — 20,962 — — 52,710 Substandard — — 13,366 — — 30,791 — — 44,157 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total multifamily property 17,512 51,742 471,999 626,400 118,001 490,744 4,939 3,524 1,784,861 Current period gross charge-offs — — — 2,088 — 3,291 — — 5,379 Owner-occupied commercial real estate: Pass 26,172 4,233 23,033 43,842 19,096 125,011 15,315 10,546 267,248 Special mention — — — 1,161 — 1,334 — — 2,495 Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total owner-occupied commercial real estate 26,172 4,233 23,033 45,003 19,096 126,345 15,315 10,546 269,743 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Investment commercial real estate: Pass 24,234 124,323 170,365 138,114 55,937 357,040 14,443 26,592 911,048 Special mention — — — — — 25,189 — 13,910 39,099 Substandard — — 9,786 — — 19,255 — — 29,041 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total investment commercial real estate 24,234 124,323 180,151 138,114 55,937 401,484 14,443 40,502 979,188 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Commercial and industrial: Pass 165,508 140,258 168,705 129,582 14,002 24,813 549,628 26,371 1,218,867 Special mention — 210 — 10,983 — 1,350 6,193 615 19,351 Substandard — 1,894 30,266 52 2,049 3,563 27,419 2,709 67,952 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial and industrial 165,508 142,362 198,971 140,617 16,051 29,726 583,240 29,695 1,306,170 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — 241 — — — 241 Lease financing: Pass 31,987 45,673 41,099 53,629 28,090 27,450 — — 227,928 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — 801 — — — 2,555 — — 3,356 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total lease financing 31,987 46,474 41,099 53,629 28,090 30,005 — — 231,284 Grade as of September 30, 2024 for Loans Originated During 2019 Revolving- (In thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 and Prior Revolving Term Total Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Construction: Pass — — — — — — 28,578 — 28,578 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial construction loans — — — — — — 28,578 — 28,578 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Consumer and other loans: Pass 29,855 3,063 — 238 129 3,678 40,947 2,881 80,791 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — 4 — 4 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total consumer and other loans 29,855 3,063 — 238 129 3,678 40,951 2,881 80,795 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — 2 — 19 21 Total: Pass 337,069 460,920 970,550 1,039,670 289,045 1,186,811 686,260 82,057 5,052,382 Special mention — 210 3,405 40,487 — 48,835 6,193 14,525 113,655 Substandard — 3,782 53,515 52 2,499 57,346 27,518 2,710 147,422 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total Loans $ 337,069 $ 464,912 $ 1,027,470 $ 1,080,209 $ 291,544 $ 1,292,992 $ 719,971 $ 99,292 $ 5,313,459 Total Current Period Gross Charge-offs $ — $ 43 $ — $ 2,088 $ 241 $ 3,293 $ — $ 19 $ 5,684 Grade as of December 31, 2023 for Loans Originated During 2018 Revolving- (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 and Prior Revolving Term Total Primary residential mortgage: Pass $ 94,688 $ 114,532 $ 80,175 $ 56,191 $ 35,418 $ 196,251 $ — $ 5,535 $ 582,790 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — 473 935 928 — — 2,336 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total primary residential mortgages 94,688 114,532 80,175 56,664 36,353 197,179 — 5,535 585,126 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Junior lien loan on residence: Pass 872 1,394 135 — 530 808 29,620 6,680 40,039 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — 163 1 164 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total junior lien loan on residence 872 1,394 135 — 530 808 29,783 6,681 40,203 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Multifamily property: Pass 52,072 476,972 645,093 119,934 209,299 295,226 8,451 — 1,807,047 Special mention — — — — — 1,650 — — 1,650 Substandard — 1,572 7,491 — 10,370 8,260 — — 27,693 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total multifamily property 52,072 478,544 652,584 119,934 219,669 305,136 8,451 — 1,836,390 Current period gross charge-offs — — 2,223 — — — — — 2,223 Owner-occupied commercial real estate: Pass 4,333 23,590 39,563 19,457 11,788 126,430 17,559 10,731 253,451 Special mention — — 1,197 — — — 462 — 1,659 Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total owner-occupied commercial real estate 4,333 23,590 40,760 19,457 11,788 126,430 18,021 10,731 255,110 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Investment commercial real estate: Pass 125,568 173,660 150,026 57,811 144,447 314,411 30,124 13,379 1,009,426 Special mention — — — — 21,936 3,834 — 14,172 39,942 Substandard — 9,881 — — 1,948 — — — 11,829 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total investment commercial real estate 125,568 183,541 150,026 57,811 168,331 318,245 30,124 27,551 1,061,197 Current period gross charge-offs — 1,199 — — — — — — 1,199 Commercial and industrial: Pass 226,699 216,864 191,389 39,003 26,570 16,845 516,844 23,687 1,257,901 Special mention — — 758 — 1,161 190 14,232 194 16,535 Substandard 1,212 22,297 1,467 1,865 953 2,524 7,571 2,456 40,345 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial and industrial 227,911 239,161 193,614 40,868 28,684 19,559 538,647 26,337 1,314,781 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Lease financing: Pass 50,706 42,447 61,547 39,710 24,113 19,287 — — 237,810 Special mention — 9,631 511 — 1,375 94 — — 11,611 Substandard 1,056 — — — 946 — — — 2,002 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Grade as of December 31, 2023 for Loans Originated During 2018 Revolving- (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 and Prior Revolving Term Total Total lease financing 51,762 52,078 62,058 39,710 26,434 19,381 — — 251,423 Current period gross charge-offs — 4,800 — — — 794 — — 5,594 Construction: Pass — — — — — — 17,987 — 17,987 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial construction loans — — — — — — 17,987 — 17,987 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Consumer and other loans: Pass 3,934 — 301 158 — 4,141 51,788 3,581 63,903 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — 3 — 3 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total consumer and other loans 3,934 — 301 158 — 4,141 51,791 3,581 63,906 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — 139 — 139 Total: Pass 558,872 1,049,459 1,168,229 332,264 452,165 973,399 672,373 63,593 5,270,354 Special mention — 9,631 2,466 — 24,472 5,768 14,694 14,366 71,397 Substandard 2,268 33,750 8,958 2,338 15,152 11,712 7,737 2,457 84,372 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total Loans $ 561,140 $ 1,092,840 $ 1,179,653 $ 334,602 $ 491,789 $ 990,879 $ 694,804 $ 80,416 $ 5,426,123 Total Current Period Gross Charge-offs $ — $ 5,999 $ 2,223 $ — $ — $ 794 $ 139 $ — $ 9,155 At September 30, 2024, $ 80.0 million of substandard loans were individually evaluated, compared to $ 60.6 million at December 31, 2023. The increase in individually evaluated substandard loans was primarily due to six multifamily loans with a balance of $ 31.8 million that were graded as substandard during the nine months of 2024, offset by the sale of two multifamily individually evaluated loans totaling $ 15.1 million. Loan Modifications: On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2022-02, which replaced the accounting and recognition of troubled debt restructurings. The Company will provide modifications, which may include other than insignificant delays in payment of amounts due, extension of the terms of the notes or reduction in the interest rates on the notes. In certain instances, the Company may grant more than one type of modification. All accruing modified loans were paying in accordance with their modified terms as of September 30, 2024. The Company has not committed to lend additional amounts as of September 30, 2024 to customers with outstanding loans that are classified as modified loans. The following table provides information related to the modifications during the three months ended September 30, 2024 by pool segment and type of concession granted: Significant Payment Delay Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 % of Total Amortized Class of Cost Basis Financing (Dollars in thousands) at Period End Receivable Primary residential mortgage $ 542 0.09 % Investment commercial real estate 17,326 1.77 % Commercial and industrial 68 0.01 % Total $ 17,936 1.87 % Significant Payment Delay and Term Extension Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 % of Total Amortized Class of Cost Basis Financing (Dollars in thousands) at Period End Receivable Commercial and industrial $ 10,521 0.81 % Total $ 10,521 0.81 % The following tables provide information related to the modifications during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 by pool segment and type of concession granted: Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 % of Total Amortized Class of Cost Basis Financing (Dollars in thousands) at Period End Receivable Commercial and industrial $ 12,169 0.93 % Total $ 12,169 0.93 % Significant Payment Delay Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 % of Total Amortized Class of Cost Basis Financing (Dollars in thousands) at Period End Receivable Primary residential mortgage $ 542 0.09 % Investment commercial real estate 17,326 1.77 % Commercial and industrial 11,780 0.90 % Total $ 29,648 2.76 % Significant Payment Delay and Term Extension Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 % of Total Amortized Class of Cost Basis Financing (Dollars in thousands) at Period End Receivable Commercial and industrial $ 10,521 0.81 % Total $ 10,521 0.81 % There were no modifications during the three months ended September 30, 2023. The following tables provide information related to the modifications during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 by pool segment and type of concession granted: Significant Pay Delay Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 % of Total Amortized Class of Cost Basis Financing (Dollars in thousands) at Period End Receivable Commercial and industrial $ 248 0.02 % Total $ 248 0.02 % Interest Rate Reduction Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 % of Total Amortized Class of Cost Basis Financing (Dollars in thousands) at Period End Receivable Commercial and industrial $ 3,077 0.23 % Total $ 3,077 0.23 % The following table depicts the payment status of the loans that were modified to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties on or after January 1, 2023, the date we adopted ASU 2022-02, through September 30, 2024: Payment Status at September 30, 2024 30-89 Days 90+ Days (Dollars in thousands) Current Past Due Past Due Primary residential mortgage $ 542 $ 118 $ — Investment commercial real estate 17,326 — — Commercial and industrial 34,470 2,799 248 Total $ 52,338 $ 2,917 $ 248 The following table presents loans by class modified that failed to comply with the modified terms in the twelve months following modification and resulted in a payment default at September 30, 2024: Amortized Cost Basis of Modified Loans That Subsequently Defaulted Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Significant Interest (Dollars in thousands) Pay Delay Rate Reduction Primary residential mortgage $ 118 $ — Total $ 118 $ — The following table presents loans by class modified that failed to comply with the modified terms in the twelve months following modification and resulted in a payment default at September 30, 2023: Amortized Cost Basis of Modified Loans That Subsequently Defaulted Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Significant Interest (Dollars in thousands) Pay Delay Rate Reduction Commercial and industrial $ 248 $ — Total $ 248 $ — |