SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Abstract] | ' |
Nature of Operations | ' |
Nature of Operations |
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Community West Bancshares (“CWBC”), incorporated under the laws of the state of California, is a bank holding company providing full service banking through its wholly-owned subsidiary Community West Bank, N.A. (“CWB” or the “Bank”). These entities are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”. |
Basis of Presentation | ' |
Basis of Presentation |
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The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and conform to practices within the financial services industry. The accounts of the Company and its consolidated subsidiary are included in these Consolidated Financial Statements. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. |
Use of Estimates | ' |
Use of Estimates |
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The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses and fair value of other real estate owned. Although Management believes these estimates to be reasonably accurate, actual amounts may differ. In the opinion of Management, all adjustments considered necessary have been reflected in the financial statements during their preparation. |
Reclassifications | ' |
Reclassifications |
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Certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. The reclassifications have no effect on net income or stockholders’ equity as previously reported. |
Business Segments | ' |
Business Segments |
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Reportable business segments are determined using the “management approach” and are intended to present reportable segments consistent with how the chief operating decision maker organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions and assessing performance. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had only one reportable business segment. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | ' |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
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For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks (including cash items in process of clearing), and federal funds sold. Cash flows from loans originated by the Company and deposits are reported net. |
The Company maintains amounts due from banks, which at times may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. |
Cash Reserve Requirements | ' |
Cash Reserve Requirement |
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Depository institutions are required by law to maintain reserves against their transaction deposits. The reserves must be held in cash or with the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”). The amount of the reserve varies by bank as the bank is permitted to meet this requirement by maintaining the specified amount as an average balance over a two-week period. The total of reserve balances was approximately $0.7 million as of December 31, 2013. There were no reserve balance requirements at December 31, 2012. |
Investment Securities | ' |
Investment Securities |
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Investment securities may be classified as held-to-maturity (“HTM”), available-for-sale (“AFS”) or trading. The appropriate classification is initially decided at the time of purchase. Securities classified as held-to-maturity are those debt securities the Company has both the intent and ability to hold to maturity regardless of changes in market conditions, liquidity needs or general economic conditions. These securities are carried at amortized cost. The sale of a security within three months of its maturity date or after the majority of the principal outstanding has been collected is considered a maturity for purposes of classification and disclosure. |
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Securities classified as AFS or trading are reported as an asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their estimated fair value. As the fair value of AFS securities changes, the changes are reported net of income tax as an element of other comprehensive income (“OCI”), except for impaired securities. When AFS securities are sold, the unrealized gain or loss is reclassified from OCI to non-interest income. The changes in the fair values of trading securities are reported in non-interest income. Securities classified as AFS are debt securities the Company intends to hold for an indefinite period of time, but not necessarily to maturity. Any decision to sell a security classified as AFS would be based on various factors, including significant movements in interest rates, changes in the maturity mix of the Company’s assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, decline in credit quality, and regulatory capital considerations. The Company does not currently have any investment securities classified as trading. |
Interest income is recognized based on the coupon rate and increased by accretion of discounts earned or decreased by the amortization of premiums paid over the contractual life of the security using the interest method. For mortgage-backed securities, estimates of prepayments are considered in the constant yield calculations. |
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In estimating whether there are any other than temporary impairment losses, management considers 1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost, 2) the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, 3) the impact of changes in market interest rates, and 4) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value and it is not more likely than not the Company would be required to sell the security. |
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Declines in the fair value of individual debt securities available for sale that are deemed to be other than temporary are reflected in earnings when identified. The fair value of the debt security then becomes the new cost basis. For individual debt securities where the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the other than temporary decline in fair value of the debt security related to 1) credit loss is recognized in earnings, and 2) market or other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income or loss. Credit loss is recorded if the present value of cash flows is less than amortized cost. |
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For individual debt securities where the Company intends to sell the security or more likely than not will not recover all of its amortized cost, the other than temporary impairment is recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the securities cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date. For individual debt securities for which a credit loss has been recognized in earnings, interest accruals and amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts are suspended when the credit loss is recognized. Interest received after accruals have been suspended is recognized on a cash basis. |
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Stock | ' |
Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) and Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) Stock |
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The Company’s subsidiary bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) system and maintains an investment in capital stock of the FHLB. The bank also maintains an investment in FRB stock. These investments are considered equity securities with no actively traded market. These investments are carried at cost, which is equal to the value at which they may be redeemed. The dividend income received from the stock is reported in interest income. We conduct a periodic review and evaluation of our FHLB stock to determine if any impairment exists. |
Servicing Rights | ' |
Servicing Rights |
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The guaranteed portion of certain Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans can be sold into the secondary market. Servicing rights are recognized as separate assets when loans are sold with servicing retained. Servicing rights are amortized in proportion to, and over the period of, estimated future net servicing income. The Company uses industry prepayment statistics and its own prepayment experience in estimating the expected life of the loans. Management evaluates its servicing rights for impairment quarterly. Servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to amortized cost. Fair value is determined using discounted future cash flows calculated on a loan-by-loan basis and aggregated by predominate risk characteristics. The initial servicing rights and resulting gain on sale are calculated based on the difference between the best actual par and premium bids on an individual loan basis. |
Loans Held for Sale | ' |
Loans Held For Sale |
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Loans which are originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value determined on an aggregate basis. Valuation adjustments, if any are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to lower of cost or market provision. Loans held for sale are mostly comprised of SBA and single family residential loans. The Company did not incur any lower of cost or fair value provision in the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. |
Loans Held for Investment and Interest and Fees From Loans | ' |
Loans Held for Investment and Interest and Fees from Loans |
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Loans are recognized at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned income, loan participations and amounts charged off. Unearned income includes deferred loan origination fees reduced by loan origination costs. Unearned income on loans is amortized to interest income over the life of the related loan using the level yield method. |
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Interest income on loans is accrued daily using the effective interest method and recognized over the terms of the loans. Loan fees collected for the origination of loans less direct loan origination costs (net deferred loan fees) are amortized over the contractual life of the loan through interest income. If the loan has scheduled payments, the amortization of the net deferred loan fee is calculated using the interest method over the contractual life of the loan. If the loan does not have scheduled payments, such as a line of credit, the net deferred loan fee is recognized as interest income on a straight-line basis over the contractual life of the loan commitment. Commitment fees based on a percentage of a customer’s unused line of credit and fees related to standby letters of credit are recognized over the commitment period. |
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When loans are repaid, any remaining unamortized balances of unearned fees, deferred fees and costs and premiums and discounts paid on purchased loans are accounted for though interest income. |
Nonaccrual loans: For all loan types, when a borrower discontinues making payments as contractually required by the note, the Company must determine whether it is appropriate to continue to accrue interest. Generally, the Company places loans in a nonaccrual status and ceases recognizing interest income when the loan has become delinquent by more than 90 days or when Management determines that the full repayment of principal and collection of interest is unlikely. The Company may decide to continue to accrue interest on certain loans more than 90 days delinquent if they are well secured by collateral and in the process of collection. Other personal loans are typically charged off no later than 180 days delinquent. |
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For all loan types, when a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, all interest accrued but uncollected is reversed against interest income in the period in which the status is changed. Subsequent payments received from the customer are applied to principal and no further interest income is recognized until the principal has been paid in full or until circumstances have changed such that payments are again consistently received as contractually required. The Company occasionally recognizes income on a cash basis for non-accrual loans in which the collection of the remaining principal balance is not in doubt. |
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Impaired loans: A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information; it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and/or interest payments. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays or payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays or payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis. When determining the possibility of impairment, management considers the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower's prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. For collateral-dependent loans, the Company uses the fair value of collateral method to measure impairment. The collateral-dependent loans that recognize impairment are charged down to the fair value less costs to sell. All other loans are measured for impairment either based on the present value of future cash flows or the loan’s observable market price. |
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Troubled debt restructured loan (“TDR”): A TDR is a loan on which the Company, for reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that the Company would not otherwise consider. These concessions included but are not limited to term extensions, rate reductions and principal reductions. Forgiveness of principal is rarely granted and modifications for all classes of loans are predominately term extensions. A TDR loan is also considered impaired. Generally, a loan that is modified at an effective market rate of interest may no longer be disclosed as a troubled debt restructuring in years subsequent to the restructuring if it is not impaired based on the terms specified by the restructuring agreement. |
Allowance for Loan Losses and Provision for Credit Losses | ' |
Allowance for Loan Losses and Provision for Credit Losses |
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The Company maintains a detailed, systematic analysis and procedural discipline to determine the amount of the allowance for loan losses (“ALL”). The ALL is based on estimates and is intended to be appropriate to provide for probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. This process involves deriving probable loss estimates that are based on migration analysis and historical loss rates, in addition to qualitative factors that are based on management’s judgment. The migration analysis and historical loss rate calculations are based on the annualized loss rates utilizing a twelve-quarter loss history. Migration analysis is utilized for the Commercial Real Estate (“CRE”), Commercial, Commercial Agriculture, Small Business Association (“SBA”), Home Equity Line of Credit (“HELOC”), Single Family Residential, and Consumer portfolios. The historical loss rate method is utilized primarily for the Manufactured Housing portfolio. The migration analysis takes into account the risk rating of loans that are charged off in each loan category. Loans that are considered Doubtful are typically charged off. The following is a description of the characteristics of loan ratings. Loan ratings are reviewed as part of our normal loan monitoring process, but, at a minimum, updated on an annual basis. |
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Outstanding – This is the highest quality rating that is assigned to any loan in the portfolio. These loans are made to the highest quality borrowers with strong financial statements and unquestionable repayment sources. Collateral securing these types of credits are generally cash deposits in the bank or marketable securities held in custody. |
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Good – Loans rated in this category are strong loans, underwritten well, that bear little risk of loss to the Company. Loans in this category are loans to quality borrowers with very good financial statements that present an identifiable strong primary source and good secondary source of repayment. Generally, these credits are well collateralized by good quality and liquid assets or low loan to value market real estate. |
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Pass - Loans rated in this category are acceptable loans, appropriately underwritten, bearing an ordinary risk of loss to the Company. Loans in this category are loans to quality borrowers with financial statements presenting a good primary source as well as an adequate secondary source of repayment. In the case of individuals, borrowers with this rating are quality borrowers demonstrating a reasonable level of secure income, a net worth adequate to support the loan and presenting a good primary source as well as an adequate secondary source of repayment. |
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Watch – Acceptable credit that requires a temporary increase in attention by management. This can be caused by declines in sales, margins, liquidity or working capital. Generally the primary weakness is lack of current financial statements and industry issues. |
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Special Mention - A Special Mention loan has potential weaknesses that require management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or in the institution's credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. |
Substandard - A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. These loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize full collection of amounts due. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the borrower’s deficiencies are not corrected. |
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Doubtful - A loan classified Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors, which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the loan, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans. |
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Loss - Loans classified Loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable loans is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this loan even though partial recovery may be realized in the future. Losses are taken in the period in which they are considered uncollectible. |
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The Company’s ALL is maintained at a level believed appropriate by management to absorb known and inherent probable losses on existing loans. The allowance is charged for losses when management believes that full recovery on the loan is unlikely. The following is the Company’s policy regarding charging off loans. |
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Commercial, CRE and SBA Loans |
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Charge-offs on these loan categories are taken as soon as all or a portion of any loan balance is deemed to be uncollectible. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and/or interest payments. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays or payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Generally, loan balances are charged-down to the fair value of the collateral, if, based on a current assessment of the value, an apparent deficiency exists. In the event there is no perceived equity, the loan is charged-off in full. Unsecured loans which are delinquent over 90 days are also charged-off in full. |
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Single Family Real Estate, HELOC’s and Manufactured Housing Loans |
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Consumer loans and residential mortgages secured by one-to-four family residential properties, HELOC and manufactured housing loans in which principal or interest is due and unpaid for 90 days, are evaluated for impairment. Loan balances are charged-off to the fair value of the property, less estimated selling costs, if, based on a current appraisal, an apparent deficiency exists. In the event there is no perceived equity, the loan is generally fully charged-off. Other consumer loans which are not secured and unpaid over 90-120 days are charged-off in full. |
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Consumer Loans |
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All consumer loans (excluding real estate mortgages, HELOCs and savings secured loans) are charged-off or charged-down to net recoverable value before becoming 120 days or five payments delinquent. |
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The ALL calculation for the different loan portfolios is as follows: |
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| · | Commercial Real Estate, Commercial, Commercial Agriculture, SBA, HELOC, Single Family Residential, and Consumer – Migration analysis combined with risk rating is used to determine the required ALL for all non-impaired loans. In addition, the migration results are adjusted based upon qualitative factors that affect this specific portfolio category. Reserves on impaired loans are determined based upon the individual characteristics of the loan. | | |
| · | Manufactured Housing – The ALL is calculated on the basis of loss history and risk rating, which is primarily a function of delinquency. In addition, the loss results are adjusted based upon qualitative factors that affect this specific portfolio. | | |
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The Company evaluates and individually assesses for impairment loans generally greater than $500,000, classified as substandard or doubtful in addition to loans either on nonaccrual, considered a TDR or when other conditions exist which lead management to review for possible impairment. Measurement of impairment on impaired loans is determined on a loan-by-loan basis and in total establishes a specific reserve for impaired loans. The amount of impairment is determined by comparing the recorded investment in each loan with its value measured by one of three methods: |
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| · | The expected future cash flows are estimated and then discounted at the effective interest rate. | | |
| · | The value of the underlying collateral net of selling costs. Selling costs are estimated based on industry standards, the Company’s actual experience or actual costs incurred as appropriate. When evaluating real estate collateral, the Company typically uses appraisals or valuations, no more than twelve months old at time of evaluation. When evaluating non-real estate collateral securing the loan, the Company will use audited financial statements or appraisals no more than twelve months old at time of evaluation. Additionally, for both real estate and non-real estate collateral, the Company may use other sources to determine value as deemed appropriate. | | |
| · | The loan’s observable market price. | | |
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Interest income is not recognized on impaired loans except for limited circumstances in which a loan, although impaired, continues to perform in accordance with the loan contract and the borrower provides financial information to support maintaining the loan on accrual. |
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The Company determines the appropriate ALL on a monthly basis. Any differences between estimated and actual observed losses from the prior month are reflected in the current period in determining the appropriate ALL determination and adjusted as deemed necessary. The review of the appropriateness of the allowance takes into consideration such factors as concentrations of credit, changes in the growth, size and composition of the loan portfolio, overall and individual portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans, collateral, guarantees and economic and environmental conditions that may affect the borrowers' ability to pay and/or the value of the underlying collateral. Additional factors considered include: geographic location of borrowers, changes in the Company’s product-specific credit policy and lending staff experience. These estimates depend on the outcome of future events and, therefore, contain inherent uncertainties. |
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Another component of the ALL considers qualitative factors related to non-impaired loans. The qualitative portion of the allowance on each of the loan pools is based on the following factors: |
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| · | Concentrations of credit | | |
| · | International risk | | |
| · | Trends in volume, maturity, and composition | | |
| · | Volume and trend in delinquency | | |
| · | Economic conditions | | |
| · | Outside exams | | |
| · | Geographic distance | | |
| · | Policy and changes | | |
| · | Staff experience and ability | | |
Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Exposure | ' |
Off Balance Sheet and Credit Exposure |
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In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into off-balance sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the consolidated financial statements when they are funded. They involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. Losses would be experienced when the Company is contractually obligated to make a payment under these instruments and must seek repayment from the borrower, which may not be as financially sound in the current period as they were when the commitment was originally made. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The Company enters into credit arrangements that generally provide for the termination of advances in the event of a covenant violation or other event of default. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the party. The commitments are collateralized by the same types of assets used as loan collateral. |
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As with outstanding loans, the Company applies qualitative factors and utilization rates to its off-balance sheet obligations in determining an estimate of losses inherent in these contractual obligations. The estimate for loan losses on off-balance sheet instruments is included within other liabilities and the charge to income that establishes this liability is include in non-interest expense. |
Premises and Equipment | ' |
Premises and Equipment |
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Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the terms of the leases or the estimated useful lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter. Generally, the estimated useful lives of other items of premises and equipment are as follows: |
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Building and improvements | | | 31.5 | |
Furniture and equipment | | | 5 – 10 | |
Electronic equipment and software | | | 3 – 5 | |
Foreclosed Real Estate and Repossessed Assets | ' |
Foreclosed Real Estate and Repossessed Assets |
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Foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets are recorded at fair value at the time of foreclosure less estimated costs to sell. Any excess of loan balance over the fair value less estimated costs to sell of the other assets is charged-off against the allowance for loan losses. Any excess of the fair value less estimated costs to sell over the loan balance is recorded as a loan loss recovery to the extent of the loan loss previously charged-off against the allowance for loan losses; and, if greater, recorded as a gain on foreclosed assets. Subsequent to the legal ownership date, management periodically performs a new valuation and the asset is carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Operating expenses or income, and gains or losses on disposition of such properties, are recorded in current operations. |
Income Taxes | ' |
Income Taxes |
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The Company uses the asset and liability method, which recognizes an asset or liability representing the tax effects of future deductible or taxable amounts that have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements. Due to tax regulations, certain items of income and expense are recognized in different periods for tax return purposes than for financial statement reporting. These items represent “temporary differences.” Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax effect of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets if, based on weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized. Any interest or penalties assessed by the taxing authorities is classified in the financial statements as income tax expense. Deferred tax assets are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. |
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Management evaluates the Company’s deferred tax asset for recoverability using a consistent approach which considers the relative impact of negative and positive evidence, including the Company’s historical profitability and projections of future taxable income. The Company is required to establish a valuation allowance for deferred tax asset and record a charge to income if Management determines, based on available evidence at the time the determination is made, that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset may not be realized. |
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The Company is subject to the provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740). ASC 740 prescribes a more-likely-than-not threshold for the financial statement recognition of uncertain tax positions. ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates income tax accruals in accordance with ASC 740 guidance on uncertain tax positions. |
Bank Owned Life Insurance | ' |
Bank Owned Life Insurance |
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Bank owned life insurance is stated at its cash surrender value with changes recorded in other non-interest income in the consolidated statements of operations. The cash surrender value of the underlying policies was $3.1 million and $1.1 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. There are no loans offset against cash surrender values, and there are no restrictions as to the use of proceeds. |
Preferred Stock | ' |
Preferred Stock |
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The Company’s Series A Preferred Stock paid cumulative dividends at a rate of 5% per year until February 15, 2014 then increased to a rate of 9% per year thereafter. The Series A Preferred Stock has no maturity date and ranks senior to the Common Stock with respect to the payment of dividends and distributions and amounts payable upon liquidation, dissolution and winding up of the Company. |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | ' |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
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The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities. FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”) established a framework for measuring fair value establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurement and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The Company uses various valuation approaches, including market, income and/or cost approaches. ASC 820 establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would consider in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs, as follows: |
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| · | Level 1— Observable quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. | | |
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| · | Level 2— Observable quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, matrix pricing or model-based valuation techniques where all significant assumptions are observable, either directly or indirectly in the market. | | |
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| · | Level 3— Model-based techniques where all significant assumptions are not observable, either directly or indirectly, in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect our own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques may include use of discounted cash flow models and similar techniques. | | |
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The availability of observable inputs varies based on the nature of the specific financial instrument. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. |
Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant who holds the asset or owes the liability rather than an entity-specific measure. When market assumptions are available, ASC 820 requires the Company to make assumptions regarding the assumptions that market participants would use to estimate the fair value of the financial instrument at the measurement date. |
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FASB ASC 825, Financial Instruments (“ASC 825”) requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. |
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Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent limitations in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a sales transaction at December 31, 2013 or 2012. The estimated fair value amounts for December 31, 2013 and 2012 have been measured as of period-end, and have not been reevaluated or updated for purposes of these consolidated financial statements subsequent to those dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the reporting date may be different than the amounts reported at the period-end. |
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The information on page 87 in Note 15, “Fair Value Measurement,” should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Company since a fair value calculation is only required for a limited portion of the Company’s assets and liabilities. |
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Due to the wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimate, comparisons between the Company’s disclosures and those of other companies or banks may not be meaningful. |
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The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value of its financial instruments: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and due from banks approximate their fair value. |
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Money market investments |
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The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for money market investments approximate their fair value. |
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Investment securities |
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The fair value of Farmer Mac class A stock is based on quoted market prices and are categorized as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. |
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The fair value of other investment securities were determined based on matrix pricing. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique that utilizes observable market inputs including, for example, yield curves, credit ratings and prepayment speeds. Fair values determined using matrix pricing are generally categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. |
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FRB and FHLB stock |
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CWB is a member of the FHLB system and maintains an investment in capital stock of the FHLB. CWB also maintain an investment in FRB stock. These investments are carried at cost since no ready market exists for them, and they have no quoted market value. The Company conducts a periodic review and evaluation of our FHLB stock to determine if any impairment exists. The fair values have been categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. |
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Loans |
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Fair value for loans is estimated based on discounted cash flows using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers with similar credit quality with adjustments that the Company believes a market participant would consider in determining fair value based on a third party independent valuation. As a result, the fair value for loans disclosed in Note 15, “Fair Value Measurement,” is categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. |
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Deposit liabilities |
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The fair value disclosed for demand and savings deposits is by definition equal to the amount payable on demand at their reporting date (that is, their carrying amount) which the Company believes a market participant would consider in determining fair value. The carrying amount for variable-rate deposit accounts approximates their fair value. Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on these deposits. The fair value measurement of the deposit liabilities disclosed in Note 15, “Fair Value Measurement,” is categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. |
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Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve advances and other borrowings |
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The fair values of the Company’s borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based on the market rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The other borrowings have been categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The FHLB and FRB advances have been categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. |
Off-balance sheet instruments |
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Fair values for the Company’s off-balance sheet instruments (lending commitments and standby letters of credit) are based on quoted fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing. |
Earnings Per Share | ' |
Earnings Per Share |
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Basic earnings per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period divided into the net income (loss) available to common shareholders. Diluted earnings per share include the effect of all dilutive potential common shares for the period. Potentially dilutive common shares include stock options, warrants and shares that could result from the conversion of debenture bonds. |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | ' |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
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In February 2013, the FASB issued guidance within ASU 2013-02 “Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” The amendments in ASU 2013-02 to Topic 220, Comprehensive Income, update, supersede and replace the presentation requirements for reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income in ASUs 2011-05 and 2011-12. The amendments require an entity to provide additional information about reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income. The amendments are effective prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2012. The adoption of ASU No. 2013-02 resulted in presentation changes to the Company’s consolidated income statements. The adoption of ASU No. 2013-02 had no impact on the Company’s balance sheets. |
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In July 2013, the FASB issued guidance within ASU 2013-11, “Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists.” The amendments in ASU 2013-11 to Topic 740, Income Taxes, updates the presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward. However, to the extent a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward is not available at the reporting date under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction to settle any additional income taxes that would result from the disallowance of a tax position or the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction does not require the entity to use, and entity does not intend to use, the deferred tax asset for such purpose, the unrecognized tax benefit should be presented in the financial statements as a liability and should not be combined with deferred tax assets. ASU 2013-11 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2014 and was not to be applied prospectively, although early adoption and retrospective adoption were permitted. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. |
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In January 2014, the FASB issued guidance within ASU 2014-04, “Receivables - Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors: Reclassification of Residential Real Estate Collateralized Consumer Mortgage Loans upon Foreclosure.” The amendments in ASU 2014-04, Subtopic 310-40, Receivables -Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, clarify that an in substance repossession or foreclosure occurs, and a creditor is considered to have received physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan, upon either (1) the creditor obtaining legal title to the residential real estate property upon completion of a foreclosure, or (2) the borrower conveying all interest in the residential real estate property to the creditor to satisfy that loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. Additionally, the amendments require interim and annual disclosure of both (1) the amount of foreclosed residential real estate property held by the creditor and (2) the recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in the process of foreclosure according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction. ASC 2014-04 are effective for the Company using either a modified retrospective transition method or a prospective transition method for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2014. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. |