| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||
| 2018 | 2017 | ||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||
| EARNINGS: | |||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes1 | $ | 203 | $ | (137 | ) | ||
| Add (deduct): | |||||||
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities | (121 | ) | (101 | ) | |||
| Distributions from unconsolidated entities | 91 | 85 | |||||
| Amortization of capitalized interest | 5 | 6 | |||||
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries that do not have fixed charges | (14 | ) | — | ||||
| $ | 164 | $ | (147 | ) | |||
| Add fixed charges: | |||||||
Consolidated interest expense2 | 129 | 128 | |||||
| Interest portion (1/3) of consolidated rent expense | 50 | 48 | |||||
| $ | 343 | $ | 29 | ||||
| FIXED CHARGES: | |||||||
Consolidated interest expense2 | $ | 129 | $ | 128 | |||
| Capitalized interest | 2 | 1 | |||||
| Interest portion (1/3) of consolidated rent expense | 50 | 48 | |||||
| $ | 181 | $ | 177 | ||||
| RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES | 1.90 | * | |||||
1 | Includes Loss on impairment of goodwill of $262 million in 2017. Amount also includes $18 million and $19 million of Gain on license sales and exchanges, net in 2018 and 2017, respectively. |
2 | Interest expense on income tax contingencies is not included in fixed charges. |
| * | Earnings in 2017 were inadequate to cover Fixed charges by $148 million. |
