AXT (AXTI) 10-Q 8 May 19 2019 Q1 Quarterly report Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	May 01, 2019
Document And Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	AXT INC
Entity Central Index Key	0001051627
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2019
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		40,100,768

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 21,060	$ 16,526
Short-term investments	13,085	22,129
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $34 and $358 as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	19,605	19,586
Inventories	53,025	58,571
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	11,367	11,728
Total current assets	118,142	128,540
Long-term investments		717
Property, plant and equipment, net	84,975	82,280
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,036
Other assets	10,405	11,987
Total assets	214,558	223,524
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	7,882	13,338
Accrued liabilities	9,556	15,371
Total current liabilities	17,438	28,709
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	926
Other long-term liabilities	213	283
Total liabilities	18,577	28,992
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock Series A, $0.001 par value; 2,000 shares authorized; 883 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (Liquidation preference of $7,037 and $6,992 as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018)	3,532	3,532
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 70,000 shares authorized; 39,996 and 39,985 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	40	40
Additional paid-in capital	234,976	234,418
Accumulated deficit	(46,287)	(45,183)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(733)	(1,972)
Total AXT, Inc. stockholders’ equity	191,528	190,835
Noncontrolling interests	4,453	3,697
Total stockholders’ equity	195,981	194,532
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 214,558	$ 223,524

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANC_2

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Accounts receivable, allowances for doubtful accounts	$ 34	$ 358
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,000,000	2,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	883,000	883,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	883,000	883,000
Preferred stock, liquidation preference	$ 7,037	$ 6,992
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	70,000,000	70,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	39,996,000	39,985,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	39,996,000	39,985,000

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMEN

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Revenue	$ 20,208	$ 24,419
Cost of revenue	13,513	14,846
Gross profit	6,695	9,573
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	4,723	4,222
Research and development	1,346	1,420
Total operating expenses	6,069	5,642
Income from operations	626	3,931
Interest income, net	95	142
Equity in loss of unconsolidated joint ventures	(1,454)	(334)
Other expense, net	(134)	(215)
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes	(867)	3,524
Provision for income taxes	156	334
Net income (loss)	(1,023)	3,190
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(81)	(315)
Net income (loss) attributable to AXT, Inc.	$ (1,104)	$ 2,875
Net income (loss) attributable to AXT, Inc. per common share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.03)	$ 0.07
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.03)	$ 0.07
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	39,352	38,941
Diluted (in shares)	39,352	40,364

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEM_2

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Net income (loss)	$ (1,023)	$ 3,190
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Change in foreign currency translation gain, net of tax	2,474	2,816
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments, net of tax	57	(117)
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net loss upon deconsolidation of a subsidiary	(617)
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax	1,914	2,699
Comprehensive income	891	5,889
Less: Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(756)	(575)
Comprehensive income attributable to AXT, Inc.	$ 135	$ 5,314

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEM_3

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)		$ (1,023)	$ 3,190
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		1,460	1,070
Amortization of marketable securities premium		18	43
Impairment charge on equity investee		1,068
Stock-based compensation		558	467
Loss on disposal of equipment		31
Gain from deconsolidation of a subsidiary		(175)
Loss from equity method investments, net		561	334
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		153	1,686
Inventories		6,279	(4,553)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		517	993
Other assets		(766)	(64)
Accounts payable		(5,555)	334
Accrued liabilities	[1]	(5,996)	(2,096)
Other long-term liabilities, including royalties		7	191
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		(2,863)	1,595
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment		(2,909)	(11,849)
Purchases of available-for-sale securities			(9,938)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities		9,800	14,680
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		6,891	(7,107)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and options exercised, net of issuance costs			66
Proceeds from sale of previously consolidated subsidiary shares		366
Net cash provided by financing activities		366	66
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		140	283
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		4,534	(5,163)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period		16,526	44,352
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period		$ 21,060	$ 39,189
[1]	* Dividend accrued but not paid by one of our consolidated subsidiaries of $0 and $552 was included in accrued liabilities as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEM_4

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)subsidiary	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018USD ($)subsidiary
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Number of consolidated joint ventures | subsidiary	1		1
Dividends accrued but not paid by joint ventures | $	$ 0	$ 504	$ 552

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation	Note 1. Basis of Presentation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of AXT, Inc. (“AXT,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to AXT, Inc. and all of its consolidated subsidiaries) are unaudited, and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, this interim quarterly financial report does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In the opinion of our management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of AXT and our consolidated subsidiaries for all periods presented. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior periods’ financial statements to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications did not result in any change in previously reported net income or total assets. Our management has made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities to prepare these condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future or for the full fiscal year. It is recommended that these condensed consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 11, 2019. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of AXT, our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Beijing Tongmei Xtal Technology Co., Ltd. (“Tongmei”), Baoding Tongmei Xtal Technology Co., Ltd. and Chaoyang Tongmei Xtal Technology Co., and, except as discussed below and in Note 7, our majority-owned, or significantly controlled subsidiaries, Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd. (“JiYa”), Nanjing JinMei Gallium Co., Ltd. (“JinMei”) and Beijing BoYu Semiconductor Vessel Craftwork Technology Co., Ltd. (“BoYu”). All significant inter‑company accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Investments in business entities in which we do not have controlling interests, but have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies (generally 20-50% ownership), are accounted for by the equity method. As of March 31, 2019, we have five companies accounted for by the equity method. As of December 31, 2018, we had seven companies accounted for by the equity method. For subsidiaries that we consolidate, we reflect the portion we do not own as noncontrolling interests on our condensed consolidated balance sheets in stockholders' equity and in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. As discussed in Note 7, “Investments in Privately-Held Companies”, effective as of March 11, 2019 we reduced our ownership in JiYa from 46% to 39% by selling a portion of our JiYa shares to our investor partner, which is also JiYa’s landlord. As a result of this transaction, our investor partner became the largest shareholder of JiYa and assumed the right to appoint the general manager of JiYa and thereby exercised greater control over JiYa’s long-term strategic direction. Further, as of March 11, 2019 our Chief Executive Officer is no longer the chairman of JiYa’s board of directors and our Chief Financial Officer is no longer a member of JiYa’s board of financial supervisors. Therefore, we deconsolidated JiYa from our consolidated financial statements as of March 11, 2019 in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810 “Consolidation”. As of March 12, 2019, we accounted for our retained investment in JiYa under the equity method of accounting, as we continue to exercise significant influence. Our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018, as reported, included JiYa’s assets and liabilities, after all significant inter-company accounts and transactions were eliminated. Our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019 does not include the assets and liabilities of JiYa since we deconsolidated JiYa as of March 11, 2019. Our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 include JiYa’s results for the period through March 11, 2019. .

Investments and Fair Value Meas

Investments and Fair Value Measurements	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Investments and Fair Value Measurements
Investments and Fair Value Measurements	Note 2. Investments and Fair Value Measurements Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and instruments with original maturities of less than three months. Our investments consist of instruments with original maturities of more than three months. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our cash, cash equivalents and investments are classified as follows (in thousands): March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Gross Gross Gross Gross Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair Cost Gain (Loss) Value Cost Gain (Loss) Value Classified as: Cash $ 21,060 $ — $ — $ 21,060 $ 16,526 $ — $ — $ 16,526 Cash equivalents: Certificates of deposit 1 — — — — — — — — Total cash and cash equivalents 21,060 — — 21,060 16,526 — — 16,526 Investments (available-for-sale): Certificates of deposit 2 4,509 — (13) 4,496 4,508 — (27) 4,481 Corporate bonds 8,603 — (14) 8,589 18,422 — (57) 18,365 Total investments 13,112 — (27) 13,085 22,930 — (84) 22,846 Total cash, cash equivalents and investments $ 34,172 $ — $ (27) $ 34,145 $ 39,456 $ — $ (84) $ 39,372 Contractual maturities on investments: Due within 1 year 3 $ 13,112 $ 13,085 $ 22,210 $ 22,129 Due after 1 through 5 years 4 — — 720 717 $ 13,112 $ 13,085 $ 22,930 $ 22,846 1. Certificates of deposit with original maturities of less than three months. 2. Certificates of deposit with original maturities of more than three months. 3. Classified as “Short-term investments” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. 4. Classified as “Long-term investments” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We manage our investments as a single portfolio of highly marketable securities that is intended to be available to meet our current cash requirements. Certificates of deposit and corporate bonds are typically held until maturity. Corporate equity securities have no maturity and may be sold at any time. The gross unrealized losses related to our portfolio of available-for-sale securities were primarily due to changes in interest rates and market and credit conditions of the underlying securities. We have determined that the gross unrealized losses on our available-for-sale securities as of March 31, 2019 are temporary in nature. We periodically review our investment portfolio to identify and evaluate investments that have indications of possible impairment. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is temporary include the magnitude of the decline in market value, the length of time the market value has been below cost (or adjusted cost), credit quality, and our ability and intent to hold the securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. A portion of our investments would generate a loss if we sold them on March 31, 2019. The following table summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses related to available-for-sale securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands): In Loss Position In Loss Position Total In < 12 months > 12 months Loss Position Gross Gross Gross Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized As of March 31, 2019 Value (Losses) Value (Losses) Value (Losses) Investments: Certificates of deposit $ — $ — $ 4,477 $ (13) $ 4,477 $ (13) Corporate bonds — — 8,589 (14) 8,589 (14) Total in loss position $ — $ — $ 13,066 $ (27) $ 13,066 $ (27) The following table summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses related to available-for-sale securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands): In Loss Position In Loss Position Total In < 12 months > 12 months Loss Position Gross Gross Gross Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized As of December 31, 2018 Value (Loss) Value (Loss) Value (Loss) Investments: Certificates of deposit $ 717 $ (3) $ 3,746 $ (24) $ 4,463 $ (27) Corporate bonds 9,175 (29) 9,189 (28) 18,364 (57) Total in loss position $ 9,892 $ (32) $ 12,935 $ (52) $ 22,827 $ (84) Investments in Privately-held Companies We have made strategic investments in private companies located in China in order to gain access at a competitive cost to raw materials that are critical to our substrate business (see Note 7). The investment balances for the non-consolidated companies, including a minority investment indirectly in a privately-held company made by one of our consolidated subsidiaries, are accounted for under the equity method and included in “Other assets” in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and totaled $6.9 million and $8.4 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. As of March 31, 2019, there were five companies accounted for under the equity method, which is a reduction from seven companies accounted for under the equity method as of December 31, 2018 as a result of our deconsolidation of JiYa as of March 11, 2019. There were impairment charges of $1.1 million for one of our minority investments in the three months ended March 31, 2019 (see Note7). We had no impairment charges during 2018. Fair Value Measurements We invest primarily in money market accounts, certificates of deposits, corporate bonds and notes, and government securities. ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. Level 1 instrument valuations are obtained from real-time quotes for transactions in active exchange markets of the asset or identical assets. Level 2 instrument valuations are obtained from readily-available, observable pricing sources for comparable instruments. Level 3 instrument valuations are obtained from unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require us to develop our own assumptions. On a recurring basis, we measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value, primarily consisting of our short-term and long-term investments. The type of instrument valued based on quoted market prices in active markets include our money market funds, which are generally classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Other than corporate equity securities which are based on quoted market prices and classified as Level 1, we classify our available-for-sale securities including certificates of deposit and corporate bonds as having Level 2 inputs. The valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of these financial instruments having Level 2 inputs were derived from bank statements, quoted market prices, broker or dealer statements or quotations, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. We place short-term foreign currency hedges that are intended to offset the potential cash exposure related to fluctuations in the exchange rate between the United States dollar and Japanese yen. We measure the fair value of these foreign currency hedges at each month end and quarter end using current exchange rates and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. At quarter end, any foreign currency hedges not settled are netted in “Accrued liabilities” on the condensed consolidated balance sheet and classified as Level 3 assets and liabilities. As of March 31, 2019, the net change in fair value from the placement of the hedge to settlement at each month end during the quarter had a de minimis impact on the consolidated results. There were no changes in valuation techniques or related inputs in the three months ended March 31, 2019. There have been no transfers between fair value measurements levels during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The following table summarizes our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis in accordance with ASC 820 as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands): Quoted Prices in Significant Active Markets of Significant Other Unobservable Balance as of Identical Assets Observable Inputs Inputs March 31, 2019 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Assets: Cash equivalents and investments: Certificates of deposit $ 4,496 $ — $ 4,496 $ — Corporate bonds 8,589 — 8,589 — Total $ 13,085 $ — $ 13,085 $ — The following table summarizes our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis in accordance with ASC 820 as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands): Quoted Prices in Significant Active Markets of Significant Other Unobservable Balance as of Identical Assets Observable Inputs Inputs December 31, 2018 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Assets: Cash equivalents and investments: Certificates of deposit $ 4,481 $ — $ 4,481 $ — Corporate bonds 18,365 — 18,365 — Total $ 22,846 $ — $ 22,846 $ — Items Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis Certain assets that are subject to nonrecurring fair value measurements are not included in the table above. These assets include investments in privately-held companies accounted for by the equity or cost method (see Note 7). One such investment is a 25% ownership interest in a germanium materials company in China. After receiving such company’s preliminary first quarter 2019 financial results in early April 2019 and its projections for significant losses going forward, we determined that this asset was fully impaired and wrote the asset balance down to zero. This resulted in a $1.1 million impairment charge in our first quarter 2019 financial results.

Inventories

Inventories	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Inventories
Inventories	Note 3. Inventories The components of inventories are summarized below (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Inventories: Raw materials $ 21,482 $ 26,966 Work in process 28,088 28,217 Finished goods 3,455 3,388 $ 53,025 $ 58,571 As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, carrying values of inventories were net of inventory reserves of $15.6 million and $14.8 million, respectively, for excess and obsolete inventory and $123,000 and $18,000, respectively, for lower of cost or net realizable value reserves. The reduction in raw materials is largely the result of the deconsolidation of our raw gallium company.

Property, Plant and Equipment,

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net	Note 4. Property, Plant and Equipment, Net The components of our property, plant and equipment are summarized below (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Property, plant and equipment: Machinery and equipment, at cost $ 45,446 $ 51,496 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (36,360) (41,431) Building, at cost 39,599 39,775 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (12,103) (12,147) Leasehold improvements, at cost 5,599 5,464 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (4,671) (4,497) Construction in progress 47,465 43,620 $ 84,975 $ 82,280 As of March 31, 2019, the balance of construction in progress was $47.5 million, of which $34.1 million was related to our buildings in our new Dingxing and Chaoyang locations, $3.9 million was for manufacturing equipment purchases not yet placed in service and $9.5 million was from our construction in progress for our other consolidated subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2018, the balance of construction in progress was $43.6 million, of which, $31.7 million was for our buildings in our new Dingxing and Chaoyang locations, $2.2 million was for manufacturing equipment purchases not yet placed in service, and $9.7 million was for our construction in progress at our other consolidated subsidiaries.

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued Liabilities	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Accrued Liabilities
Accrued Liabilities	Note 5. Accrued Liabilities The components of accrued liabilities are summarized below (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Preferred stock dividends payable 2,901 2,901 Accrued compensation and related charges 1,899 3,440 Payable in connection with repurchase of subsidiaries shares 1,176 1,147 Payable in connection with construction 540 2,912 Advance from customers 483 476 Accrued professional services 351 706 Accrued product warranty 325 236 Other tax payable 307 261 Other personnel related costs 196 202 Current portion of operating lease liabilities 118 — Accrued income taxes 88 99 Accrual for sales refund liabilities 60 47 Deferred government grant income in connection with purchase of land — 1,000 Dividends payable by consolidated joint ventures — 504 Other accrued liabilities 1,112 1,440 $ 9,556 $ 15,371

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Related Party Transactions
Related Party Transactions	Note 6. Related Party Transactions Effective as of March 11, 2019, we reduced our ownership in JiYa from 46% to 39% by selling a portion of our JiYa shares to our investor partner, which is also JiYa’s landlord. Based on an independent third party valuation analysis, we sold these shares for $366,000. Previously we were the largest shareholder of JiYa and as such, we had the right to appoint the general manager of JiYa and the ability to exercise control in substance over JiYa’s long-term strategic direction. Further, our Chief Executive Officer was the chairman of JiYa’s board of directors and our Chief Financial Officer was a member of JiYa’s board of financial supervisors. As a result of this transaction, our investor partner, Shanxi Aluminum Industrial Co., Ltd, became the largest shareholder of JiYa and assumed the right to appoint the general manager of JiYa and thereby exercised greater control over JiYa’s long-term strategic direction. Further, as of March 11, 2019, our Chief Executive Officer was no longer chairman of JiYa’s board of directors and our Chief Financial Officer was no longer on Jiya’s board of financial supervisors. Previously, we accounted for JiYa’s financial performance under the consolidation method of accounting. As a result of the changes, we began to account for JiYa’s financial performance under the equity method of accounting. Therefore, we deconsolidated JiYa from our consolidated financial statements as of March 11, 2019 in accordance with ASC Topic 810. As of March 12, 2019, we accounted for our investment in JiYa under the equity method of accounting as we continue to have board representation and substantial ownership. Pro-forma financials have not been presented because we believe the effects were not material to our condensed consolidated financial position and results of operation for all periods presented. JiYa continues to be a related party to us after deconsolidation, whom we may purchase raw materials from for production in the ordinary course of business from time to time. Beginning in 2012, our consolidated joint venture, Nanjing JinMei Gallium Co., Ltd. (“JinMei”), is contractually obligated under an agency sales agreement to sell raw material on behalf of its equity investment entity. JinMei bills the customers and remits the receipts, net of its portions of sales commission, to this equity investment entity. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, JinMei has recorded $0 and $0 income from agency sales, respectively, which were included in “Other (expense) income, net” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. In March 2012, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Tongmei, entered into an operating lease for the land it owns with our consolidated joint venture, BoYu. The lease agreement for the land of approximately 22,081 square feet commenced on January 1, 2012 for a term of 10 years with annual lease payments of $24,000 subject to a 5% increase at each third year anniversary. The annual lease payment is due by January 31 st of each year. Tongmei purchases raw materials from Donghai County Dongfang High Purity Electronic Materials Co., Ltd. for production in the ordinary course of business. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, amounts payable of $0 and $59,000, respectively, were included in “Accounts payable” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Tongmei also purchases raw materials from one of our equity investment entities, Emei Shan Jiamei Materials Co. Ltd. (“Jiamei”), for production in the ordinary course of business. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, amounts payable of $0 and $0, respectively, were included in “Accounts payable” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Tongmei also purchases raw materials from one of our equity investment entities, Xilingol Tongli Germanium Refine Co. Ltd. (“Tongli”), for production in the ordinary course of business. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, amounts payable of $156,000 and $0, respectively, were included in “Accounts payable” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. In July 2017, Tongmei, provided an inter-company loan to JinMei in the amount of $768,000 in preparation for the acquisition of the land use rights and the construction of a new building. The inter-company loan carries an interest rate of 4.9% per annum. The principle is due in three installments between December 2021 and December 2023 while the interest is due in December of each year . As of March 31, 2019, JinMei repaid principal and interest totaling $494,000 to Tongmei. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the remaining balance of principal and interest totaled $299,000 and $316,000, respectively. JinMei, is in the process of relocating its headquarters and manufacturing operations to the city of Kazuo, located in the province of Liaoning near the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, near our own location. Currently, JinMei expects to invest approximately $2.5 million to $3.5 million related to the new facilities in 2019. In April 2016, our consolidated joint venture, BoYu, provided a personal loan of $177,000 to one of its executive employees. This loan is secured by the officer’s shares in BoYu. The loan bears interest at 2.75% per annum. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the repayment of the principal and interest totaling $180,000 was received by our consolidated joint venture. In November 2017, BoYu provided another personal loan of $291,000 to the same executive employee. The loan bears interest at 2.75% per annum. Principal and accrued interest are due on November 30, 2020. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the balances, including both principal and accrued interest, were $309,000 and $299,000, respectively, and included in “Other assets” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. On November 2, 2017, our consolidated joint venture, BoYu, raised additional capital in the amount of $2 million in cash from a third-party investor through the issuance of shares equivalent to 10% ownership of BoYu. This third-party investor is an immediate family member of the owner of one of BoYu's customers. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, BoYu has recorded $38,000 and $801,000, respectively, in revenue from this customer. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, amounts receivable of $105,000 and $0, respectively, were included in “Accounts receivable” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Our Related Party Transactions Policy seeks to prohibit all conflicts of interest in transactions between related parties and us, unless they have been approved by our Board of Directors. This policy applies to all of our employees, directors, and our consolidated subsidiaries. Our executive officers retain board seats on the board of directors of the companies in which we have invested in our China joint ventures. See Note 7 for further details.

Investments in Privately-Held C

Investments in Privately-Held Companies	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Investments in Privately-Held Companies
Investments in Privately-Held Companies	Note 7. Investments in Privately-Held Companies We have made strategic investments in private companies located in China in order to gain access at a competitive cost to raw materials that are critical to our substrate business. As of March 31, 2019, we maintained six direct investments. In addition, one of our consolidated subsidiaries has also made an investment in a privately-held company. As of March 31, 2019, we maintained one indirect investment. These companies form part of our overall supply chain. The six direct investments are summarized below (in thousands): Investment Balance as of March 31, December 31, Accounting Ownership Company 2019 2018 Method Percentage Nanjing JinMei Gallium Co., Ltd. $ 592 $ 592 Consolidated 97 % Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd. N/A 3,331 Consolidated *46 % Beijing BoYu Semiconductor Vessel Craftwork Technology Co., Ltd. 1,346 1,346 Consolidated 63 % $ 1,938 $ 5,269 Donghai County Dongfang High Purity Electronic Materials Co., Ltd. $ 1,459 $ 1,416 Equity 46 % Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd. 2,027 N/A Equity *39 % Xilingol Tongli Germanium Co. Ltd. — 1,700 Equity 25 % Emeishan Jia Mei High Purity Metals Co., Ltd. 790 842 Equity 25 % $ 4,276 $ 3,958 * Ownership percentage decreased from 46% to 39% as of March 11, 2019 in connection with our sale of shares of this entity. Effective as of March 11, 2019, we reduced our ownership in JiYa from 46% to 39% by selling a portion of our JiYa shares to our investor partner, which is also JiYa’s landlord. Based on an independent third party valuation analysis, we sold these shares for $366,000. Previously, we were the largest shareholder and, as such, we had the right to appoint the general manager of JiYa and the ability to exercise control in substance over JiYa’s long-term strategic direction. Further, our Chief Executive Officer was the chairman of JiYa’s board of directors and our Chief Financial Officer was a member of JiYa’s board of financial supervisors. As a result of this transaction, our investor partner, Shanxi Aluminum Industrial Co., Ltd., became the largest shareholder and assumed the right to appoint the general manager and thereby exercised greater control over JiYa’s long-term strategic direction. Further, as of March 11, 2019 our Chief Executive Officer was no longer the chairman of JiYa’s board of directors and our Chief Financial Officer was no longer a member of JiYa’s board of financial supervisors. Previously we accounted for JiYa’s financial performance under the consolidation method of accounting. As a result of the changes we began to account for JiYa’s financial performance under the equity method of accounting. Therefore, we deconsolidated JiYa from our consolidated financial statements as of March 11, 2019 in accordance with ASC Topic 810. As of March 12, 2019, we accounted for our investment in JiYa under the equity method of accounting as we continue to have board representation and substantial ownership. Pro-forma financials have not been presented because we believe the effects were not material to our condensed consolidated financial position and results of operation for all periods presented. JiYa continues to be a related party to us after deconsolidation, whom we may purchase raw materials from for production in the ordinary course of business from time to time. We recorded a gain on the deconsolidation of JiYa of $175,000 as a component of “Equity in loss of unconsolidated joint ventures” for the three months ended March 31, 2019 in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. On the date of deconsolidation, the fair value of the Company’s investment in JiYa exceeded the Company’s share of the net assets of JiYa, which generated the gain. As of March 12, 2019, we recorded our investment in JiYa at a fair value of $2,040,000, which was based on an independent third party valuation analysis. The valuation is based on the asset-based approach. The market-based approach is not deemed appropriate due to lack of availability of market data for comparable companies on the open market and the discounted cash flow approach is not deemed reliable because of the difficulty in predicting the future profitability of JiYa due to the volatility of the gallium market, the concentration of customers and the significant accumulated losses of JiYa. The asset-based approach examines the value of a company’s assets net of its liabilities to derive a value for the equity holders. The gain on deconsolidation includes the following: Amount (in thousands) Fair value of the consideration received $ 366 Fair value of the retained investment in Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd. 2,040 Carrying value of noncontrolling interest, net of accumulated other comprehensive income attributable to subsidiary 617 Derecognition of Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd.'s net asset (2,848) Gain recognized on deconsolidation of Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd. $ 175 Amount (in thousands) Fair value of the retained investment in Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd. $ 2,040 Carrying value of retained noncontrolling investment (1,559) Gain on retained noncontrolling investment due to remeasurement $ 481 Our ownership of JinMei is 97%. Before June 15, 2018, our ownership of JinMei was 83%. On June 15, 2018, we purchased a 12% ownership interest from one of the minority owners for $1.4 million. The $1.4 million is scheduled to be paid in two installments. On June 15, 2018, we paid the first installment of $163,000. The second installment of $1.2 million is scheduled to be paid after the completion of the relocation of JinMei’s headquarters and manufacturing operations and was included in “Accrued liabilities” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. As a result, our ownership of JinMei increased from 83% to 95%. In September 2018, we purchased a 2% ownership interest from one of the three remaining minority owners for $252,000. As a result, our ownership of JinMei increased from 95% to 97%. We consolidate JinMei as we have a controlling financial interest and have majority control of the board. Our Chief Executive Officer is chairman of the JinMei board and we have appointed two other representatives to serve on the board. Our ownership of BoYu is 63%. On November 2, 2017, BoYu raised additional capital in the amount of $2 million in cash from a third-party investor through the issuance of shares equivalent to 10% ownership of BoYu. As a result, our ownership of BoYu was diluted from 70% to 63%. We continue to consolidate BoYu as we have a controlling financial interest and have majority control of the board and, accordingly, no gain was recognized as a result of this equity transaction. Our Chief Executive Officer is chairman of the BoYu board and we have appointed two other representatives to serve on the board. Although we have representation on the board of directors of each of these companies, the daily operations of each of these companies are managed by local management and not by us. Decisions concerning their respective short-term strategy and operations, ordinary course of business capital expenditures and sales of finished product, are made by local management with regular guidance and input from us. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the three consolidated joint ventures, before eliminating inter-company transactions, generated income of $0.7 million and $1.4 million, respectively, of which gains of $81,000 and $315,000, respectively, were allocated to noncontrolling interests, resulting in an increase of $0.6 million and $1.1 million respectively, to our net income. Our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 include JiYa’s results for the period through March 11, 2019. For AXT’s direct minority investment entities that are not consolidated, the investment balances are included in “Other assets” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets and totaled $4.3 million and $4.0 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Our respective ownership interests in each of these companies are 46%, 39%, 25% and 25%. These four companies are not considered variable interest entities because: · all four companies have sustainable businesses of their own; · our voting power is proportionate to our ownership interests; · we only recognize our respective share of the losses and/or residual returns generated by the companies if they occur; and · we do not have controlling financial interest in, do not maintain operational or management control of, do not control the board of directors of, and are not required to provide additional investment or financial support to any of these companies. We also maintain one minority investment indirectly in a privately-held company through our consolidated joint ventures. The minority investment held by our consolidated joint venture JinMei, is accounted for under the equity method in the books of our consolidated joint ventures. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our consolidated joint venture included the minority investment in “Other assets” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets with a carrying value of $2.6 million and $4.5 million, respectively. One of the direct minority investment entities in which we have a 25% ownership interest is a germanium materials company in China. This company provides results to us only on a quarterly basis. We received its preliminary first quarter 2019 financial results in early April 2019 as well as its projections for significant losses going forward. Such projected losses would fully deplete our asset investment balance for this company in 2019. The company is experiencing significant disruptions due to upgrades and repairs required to comply with stronger environmental regulations in China. As a result, we determined that this asset was fully impaired and wrote the asset balance down to zero. This resulted in a $1.1 million impairment charge in our first quarter 2019 financial results. AXT’s direct minority investment entities and the one minority investment of JinMei are not consolidated and are accounted for under the equity method. Excluding one fully impaired entity, the equity entities had the following summarized income information (in thousands) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Net revenue $ 6,441 $ 7,356 Gross profit (loss) $ (51) $ 586 Operating loss $ (2,039) $ (1,735) Net loss $ (2,446) $ (1,430) Our portion of the losses, including impairment charges, from these five minority investment entities that are not consolidated and are accounted for under the equity method was a loss of $1.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Stockholders' Equity
Stockholders' Equity	Note 8. Stockholders’ Equity Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (in thousands) The changes in stockholders’ equity by component for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, are as follows: Accumulated Other AXT, Inc. Total Preferred Common Additional Accumulated Comprehensive Stockholders’ Noncontrolling Stockholders’ Stock Stock Paid-In Capital Deficit Income (Loss) Equity Interests Equity Balance as of December 31, 2018 $ 3,532 $ 40 $ 234,418 $ (45,183) $ (1,972) $ 190,835 $ 3,697 $ 194,532 Reclassification out of accumulated other comprehensive income and noncontrolling interests upon the deconsolidation of a subsidiary — — — — (1,150) (1,150) 533 (617) Stock-based compensation — — 558 — — 558 — 558 Net loss — — — (1,104) — (1,104) 81 (1,023) Other comprehensive income — — — — 2,389 2,389 142 2,531 Balance as of March 31, 2019 $ 3,532 $ 40 $ 234,976 $ (46,287) $ (733) $ 191,528 $ 4,453 $ 195,981 Accumulated Other AXT, Inc. Total Preferred Common Additional Accumulated Comprehensive Stockholders’ Noncontrolling Stockholders’ Stock Stock Paid-In Capital Deficit Income (Loss) Equity Interests Equity Balance as of December 31, 2017 $ 3,532 $ 39 $ 231,679 $ (54,837) $ 3,407 $ 183,820 $ 4,497 $ 188,317 Common stock options exercised — — 66 — — 66 — 66 Stock-based compensation — — 467 — — 467 — 467 Net income — — — 2,875 — 2,875 315 3,190 Other comprehensive income — — — — 2,439 2,439 260 2,699 Balance as of March 31, 2018 $ 3,532 $ 39 $ 232,212 $ (51,962) $ 5,846 $ 189,667 $ 5,072 $ 194,739 Except as shown above related to the deconsolidation of a subsidiary, there were no reclassification adjustments from accumulated other comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 . Stock Repurchase Program On October 27, 2014, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program pursuant to which we may repurchase up to $5.0 million of our outstanding common stock. These repurchases can be made from time to time in the open market and are funded from our existing cash balances and cash generated from operations. During 2015, we repurchased approximately 908,000 shares at an average price of $2.52 per share for a total purchase price of approximately $2.3 million under the stock repurchase program. No shares were repurchased from 2016 through 2018. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we did not repurchase any shares under the approved stock repurchase program. As of March 31, 2019, approximately $2.7 million remained available for future repurchases under this program. Currently, we do not plan to repurchase additional shares.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation	Note 9. Stock-Based Compensation We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), which established accounting for stock-based awards exchanged for employee services. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at each grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period of the award. All of our stock compensation is accounted for as an equity instrument. The following table summarizes compensation costs related to our stock-based awards (in thousands, except per share data): Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Cost of revenue $ 31 $ 21 Selling, general and administrative 437 369 Research and development 90 77 Total stock-based compensation 558 467 Tax effect on stock-based compensation — — Net effect on net income $ 558 $ 467 As of March 31, 2019, the unamortized compensation costs related to unvested stock options granted to employees under our stock option plan was approximately $1.4 million, net of estimated forfeitures of $152,000. These costs will be amortized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.2 years and will be adjusted for subsequent changes in estimated forfeitures. We did not capitalize any stock-based compensation to inventory as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 due to the immateriality of the amount. We estimate the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes valuation model, consistent with the provisions of ASC 718. There were no options granted in the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The following table summarizes the stock option transactions during the three months ended March 31, 2019 (in thousands, except per share data): Weighted average Weighted- Remaining Number of average Contractual Aggregate Options Exercise Life Intrinsic Stock Options Outstanding Price (in years) Value Balance as of January 1, 2019 2,654 $ 4.09 6.28 $ 2,720 Granted — — Exercised — — Canceled and expired — — Balance as of March 31, 2019 2,654 $ 4.09 6.04 $ 2,857 Options vested as of March 31, 2019 and unvested options expected to vest, net of forfeitures 2,632 $ 4.07 6.01 $ 2,856 Options exercisable as of March 31, 2019 1,956 $ 3.62 5.26 $ 2,546 The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pretax intrinsic value, based on our closing price of $4.45 on March 31, 2019, which would have been received by the option holder had all option holders exercised their options on that date. Restricted stock awards A summary of activity related to restricted stock awards for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is presented below (in thousands, except per share data): Weighted-Average Grant Date Stock Awards Shares Fair Value Non-vested as of January 1, 2019 633 $ 6.85 Granted 12 $ 4.32 Vested (1) $ 7.35 Forfeited — $ — Non-vested as of March 31, 2019 644 $ 6.80 As of March 31, 2019, the unamortized compensation costs related to unvested restricted stock awards was approximately $3.6 million, which is to be amortized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.6 years.

Net Income Per Share

Net Income Per Share	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Net Income Per Share
Net Income Per Share	Note 10. Net Income Per Share Basic net income per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the periods less shares of common stock subject to repurchase and non-vested stock awards. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the periods. The dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock awards. Potentially dilutive common shares are excluded from the computation of weighted-average number of common shares outstanding in net loss years, as their effect would be anti-dilutive to the computation. A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted net income per share calculations is as follows (in thousands, except per share data): Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Numerator: Net income (loss) attributable to AXT, Inc. $ (1,104) $ 2,875 Less: Preferred stock dividends (44) (44) Net income (loss) available to common stockholders $ (1,148) $ 2,831 Denominator: Denominator for basic net income (loss) per share - weighted-average common shares 39,352 38,941 Effect of dilutive securities: Common stock options — 1,289 Restricted stock awards — 134 Denominator for dilutive net income (loss) per common shares 39,352 40,364 Net income (loss) attributable to AXT, Inc. per common share: Basic $ (0.03) $ 0.07 Diluted $ (0.03) $ 0.07 Options excluded from diluted net income (loss) per share as the impact is anti-dilutive 2,654 184 Restricted stock excluded from diluted net income (loss) per share as the impact is anti-dilutive 644 240 The 883,000 shares of $0.001 par value Series A preferred stock issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, valued at $3,532,000, are non-voting and non-convertible preferred stock with a 5.0% cumulative annual dividend rate payable when declared by the board of directors and a $4 per share liquidation preference over common stock, which must be paid before any distribution is made to common stockholders. These preferred shares were issued to Lyte Optronics, Inc. stockholders in connection with the completion of our acquisition of Lyte Optronics, Inc. on May 28, 1999.

Segment Information and Foreign

Segment Information and Foreign Operations	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Segment Information and Foreign Operations
Segment Information and Foreign Operations	Note 11. Segment Information and Foreign Operations Segment Information We operate in one segment for the design, development, manufacture and distribution of high-performance compound and single element semiconductor substrates and sale of raw materials integral to these substrates. In accordance with ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, our chief operating decision-maker has been identified as our Chief Executive Officer, who reviews operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the Company. Since we operate in one segment, all financial segment and product line information can be found in the condensed consolidated financial statements. Product Information The following table represents revenue amounts (in thousands) by product type: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Product Type: Substrates $ 16,766 $ 19,364 Raw Materials and Others 3,442 5,055 Total $ 20,208 $ 24,419 Geographical Information The following table represents revenue amounts (in thousands) reported for products shipped to customers in the corresponding geographic region: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Geographical region: China $ 7,111 $ 7,183 Europe (primarily Germany) 4,375 6,393 Taiwan 3,008 5,049 North America (primarily the United States) 2,738 1,845 Japan 1,792 2,455 Asia Pacific (excluding China, Taiwan and Japan) 1,184 1,494 Total $ 20,208 $ 24,419 Long-lived assets consist primarily of property, plant and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets, and are attributed to the geographic location in which they are located. Long-lived assets, net of depreciation, by geographic region were as follows (in thousands): As of March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Long-lived assets by geographic region, net of depreciation: North America $ 1,501 $ 445 China 84,510 81,835 $ 86,011 $ 82,280 Significant Customers Two customers, Haisi Optoelectronics and Landmark, represented 12% and 11%, respectively, of our revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019 while two customers, Landmark and Osram Opto, each represented 12% of our revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Our top five customers, although not the same five customers for each period, represented 40% and 38% of our revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition, and limit the amount of credit extended when deemed necessary, but generally do not require collateral. Three customers accounted for 14%, 14% and 12% of our accounts receivable balance as of March 31, 2019 , and three customers accounted for 17%, 12% and 10% of our accounts receivable as of December 31, 2018.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and Contingencies	Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies Indemnification Agreements We have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and officers that require us to indemnify our directors and officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct of a culpable nature; to advance their expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified; and to obtain directors’ and officers’ insurance if available on reasonable terms, which we currently have in place. Product Warranty We provide warranties for our products for a specific period of time, generally twelve months, against material defects. We provide for the estimated future costs of warranty obligations in cost of sales when the related revenue is recognized. The accrued warranty costs represent the best estimate at the time of sale of the total costs that we expect to incur to repair or replace product parts that fail while still under warranty. The amount of accrued estimated warranty costs are primarily based on historical experience as to product failures as well as current information on repair costs. On a quarterly basis, we review the accrued balances and update the historical warranty cost trends. The following table reflects the change in our warranty accrual which is included in “Accrued liabilities” on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Beginning accrued product warranty $ 236 $ 133 Accruals for warranties issued 127 59 Adjustments related to pre-existing warranties including expirations and changes in estimates 93 (46) Cost of warranty repair (131) (29) Ending accrued product warranty $ 325 $ 117 Contractual Obligations We had entered into a royalty agreement with a competitor effective December 3, 2010 with a term of eight years, terminating December 31, 2018. We and our related companies were granted a worldwide, nonexclusive, royalty bearing, irrevocable license to certain patents for the term of the agreement. Sumitomo has requested that we renew the agreement and we are evaluating the merits of this request. Land Purchase and Investment Agreement We are in the process of relocating our gallium arsenide production line to Dingxing, China. In addition to a land rights and building purchase agreement that we entered into with a private real estate development company to acquire our new manufacturing facility, we also entered into a cooperation agreement with the Dingxing local government. In addition to pledging its full support and cooperation, the Dingxing local government will issue certain credits or rebates to us as we achieve certain milestones. We, in turn, agreed to hire local workers over time, pay taxes when due and eventually demonstrate a total investment of approximately $90 million in value, assets and capital. The investment will include cash paid for the land and buildings, cash on deposit in our name at local banks, the gross value of new and used equipment (including future equipment that might be used for indium phosphide and germanium substrates production), the deemed value for our customer list or the end user of our substrates, for example, the end users of 3-D sensing VCSELs (vertical cavity surface emitting lasers), a deemed value for employment of local citizens, a deemed value for our proprietary process technology, other intellectual property, other intangibles and additional items of value. There is no timeline or deadline by which this must be accomplished, rather it is a good faith covenant entered into between AXT and the Dingxing local government. Further, there is no specific penalty contemplated if either party breaches the agreement. However, the agreement does state that each party has a right to seek from the other party compensation for losses. Under certain conditions, the Dingxing local government may purchase the land and building at the appraised value. We believe that such cooperation agreements are normal, customary and usual in China and that the future valuation is flexible. We have a similar agreement with the city of Kazuo, China, although on a smaller scale. The total investment targeted by AXT in Kazuo is approximately $15 million in value, assets and capital. In addition, BoYu has a similar agreement with the city of Kazuo. The total investment targeted by BoYu in Kazuo is approximately $8 million in value, assets and capital. Purchase Obligations with Penalties for Cancellation In the normal course of business, we issue purchase orders to various suppliers. In certain cases, we may incur a penalty if we cancel the purchase order. As of March 31, 2019, we do not have any outstanding purchase orders that will incur a penalty if cancelled by the Company. Legal Proceedings From time to time we may be involved in judicial or administrative proceedings concerning matters arising in the ordinary course of business. We do not expect that any of these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.

Foreign Exchange Transaction Ga

Foreign Exchange Transaction Gains/Losses	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Foreign Exchange Transaction Gains/Lossess
Foreign Exchange Transaction Gains/Losses	Note 13. Foreign Exchange Transaction Gains/Losses We incurred a foreign currency transaction exchange loss of $56,000 and $224,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. These amounts are included in “Other (expense) income, net” on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Income Taxes
Income Taxes	Note 14. Income Taxes We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be recognized using enacted tax rates for the effect of temporary differences between the book and tax bases of recorded assets and liabilities. ASC 740 also requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that a portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Our deferred tax assets have been reduced to zero by a valuation allowance. We have completed the accounting associated with the December 22, 2017 enactment of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Reform”). The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) had provided accounting and reporting guidance that allowed us to report provisional amounts within a measurement period up to one year from the enactment date. Complexities inherent in adopting the changes included additional guidance, interpretations of the law, and further analysis of data and tax positions. We do not expect there will be any significant subsequent adjustment to the impact of the Tax Reform. Effective in 2018, the Tax Reform reduces the U.S. statutory tax rate from 35% to 21% and creates new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings and certain related-party payments, which are referred to as the global intangible low-taxed income tax and the base erosion tax, respectively. We have considered the impact of these new taxes in the current period provision. We provide for income taxes based upon the geographic composition of worldwide earnings and tax regulations governing each region, particularly China. The calculation of tax liabilities involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws, particularly in foreign countries such as China. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 includes no interest and penalties. As of March 31, 2019, we have no accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal, various states and foreign jurisdictions. Currently, there is no tax audit in any of the jurisdictions and we do not expect there will be any significant change to this. Provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was mostly related to our wholly-owned China subsidiaries and our two partially-owned subsidiaries in China. Besides the state tax liabilities, no income taxes or benefits have been provided for U.S. operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 due to the loss in the U.S. and the uncertainty of generating future profit in the U.S., which has resulted in our deferred tax assets being fully reserved.

Revenue

Revenue	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Revenue
Revenue	Note 15. Revenue Revenue Recognition We manufacture and sell high-performance compound semiconductor substrates including indium phosphide, gallium arsenide and germanium wafers, and our three consolidated subsidiaries sell certain raw materials, including 99.99% pure gallium (4N Ga), high purity gallium (7N Ga), pyrolytic boron nitride (pBN) crucibles and boron oxide (B2O3). After we ship our products, there are no remaining obligations or customer acceptance requirements that would preclude revenue recognition. Our products are typically sold pursuant to purchase orders placed by our customers, and our terms and conditions of sale do not require customer acceptance. We account for a contract with a customer when there is a legally enforceable contract, which could be the customer’s purchase order, the rights of the parties are identified, the contract has commercial terms, and collectibility of the contract consideration is probable. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation to transfer products and are short term in nature, usually less than one year. Our revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract with each customer in exchange for transferring products that is generally based upon a negotiated, formula, list or fixed price. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods is transferred to our customer, which is either upon shipment from our dock, receipt at the customer’s dock, or removal from consignment inventory at the customer’s location, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods. We have elected to account for shipping and handling as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the goods. As such, shipping and handling fees billed to customers in a sales transaction are recorded in revenue and shipping and handling costs incurred are recorded in cost of revenue. Sales taxes and value added taxes in foreign jurisdictions that are collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and, therefore, are excluded from net sales. We do not provide training, installation or commissioning services. We provide for future returns based on historical data, prior experience, current economic trends and changes in customer demand at the time revenue is recognized. We do not recognize any asset associated with the incremental cost of obtaining revenue generating customer contracts. As such, sales commissions are expensed as incurred, given that the expected period of benefit is less than one year. Contract Balances We receive payments from customers based on a billing schedule as established in our contracts. Contract assets are recorded when we have a conditional right to consideration for our completed performance under the contracts. Accounts receivables are recorded when the right to this consideration becomes unconditional. We do not have any material contract assets as of March 31, 2019. The following table reflects the contract liabilities balance as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and the amount of revenue recognized, included in contract liabilities, in the three months ended March 31, 2019 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Contract liabilities $ (483) $ (476) Revenue recognized, included in contract liabilities, in the three months ended from: $ Not Applicable Disaggregated Revenue In general, revenue disaggregated by product types and geography (See Note 11) is aligned according to the nature and economic characteristics of our business and provides meaningful disaggregation of our results of operations. Since we operate in one segment, all financial segment and product line information can be found in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Bank Loans and Line of Credit

Bank Loans and Line of Credit	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Bank Loans and Line of Credit
Bank Loans and Line of Credit	Note 16. Bank Loans and Line of Credit On November 6, 2018, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), by and between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, which established a $10 million secured revolving line of credit with a $1.0 million letter of credit sublimit facility. The revolving credit facility is collateralized by substantially all of the assets of the Company located within the United States, subject to certain exceptions. The commitments under the Credit Agreement expire on November 30, 2020 and any loans thereunder will bear interest at a rate based on the daily one-month London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) for the applicable interest period plus a margin of 2.00%. As of March 31, 2019, no loans or letters of credit were outstanding under the Credit Agreement.

Leases

Leases	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Leases
Leases	Note 17. Leases We lease certain office space, warehouse and facilities under long-term operating leases expiring at various dates through November 30, 2023. The majority of our lease obligations relate to our lease agreement for our facility in Fremont, California with approximately 19,467 square feet, which expires in 2020. Under the terms of the lease agreement, in 2020, we will have the option to extend the term of the lease for an additional three years. We are reasonably certain to exercise the option in the future. There are no variable lease payments, residual value guarantees or any restrictions or covenants imposed by the lease. All other operating leases have a term of 12 months or less. On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASC Topic 842, Leases , (“ASC 842”), which requires the recognition of the right-of-use assets and related operating and finance lease liabilities on the balance sheet. As permitted by ASC 842, we elected the adoption date of January 1, 2019, which is the date of initial application. As a result, the consolidated balance sheet prior to January 1, 2019 was not restated, continues to be reported under ASC Topic 840, Leases , (“ASC 840”), which did not require the recognition of operating lease liabilities on the balance sheet, and is not comparative. Under ASC 842, all leases are required to be recorded on the balance sheet and are classified as either operating leases or finance leases. The lease classification affects the expense recognition in the statement of operations. Operating lease charges are recorded entirely in operating expenses. Finance lease charges are split, where amortization of the right-of-use asset is recorded in operating expenses and an implied interest component is recorded in interest expense. The expense recognition for operating leases and finance leases under ASC 842 is substantially consistent with ASC 840. As a result, there is no significant difference in our results of operations presented in our condensed consolidated statement of operations and condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income for each period presented. We adopted ASC 842 using a modified retrospective approach for all leases existing at January 1, 2019. The adoption of ASC 842 had a material impact on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The most significant impact was the recognition of the operating lease right-of-use assets and the liability for operating leases. Accordingly, upon adoption, leases that were classified as operating leases under ASC 840 were classified as operating leases under ASC 842, and we recorded an adjustment of $1.1 million to operating lease right-of-use assets and the related lease liability. The lease liability is based on the present value of the remaining minimum lease payments, determined under ASC 840, discounted using our secured incremental borrowing rate at the effective date of January 1, 2019, using the original lease term as the tenor. As permitted under ASC 842, we elected several practical expedients that permit us to not reassess (1) whether a contract is or contains a lease, (2) the classification of existing leases, and (3) whether previously capitalized costs continue to qualify as initial indirect costs. The application of the practical expedients did not have a material impact on the measurement of the operating lease liability. We did not enter any new lease after January 1, 2019. Leases are classified as either finance leases or operating leases. A lease is classified as a finance lease if any one of the following criteria are met: the lease transfers ownership of the asset by the end of the lease term, the lease contains an option to purchase the asset that is reasonably certain to be exercised, the lease term is for a major part of the remaining useful life of the asset or the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset. A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not meet any one of these criteria. All of our leases are classified as operating leases and substantially all of our operating leases are comprised of office space leases. None of our leases are classified as, finance leases. For all leases at the lease commencement date, a right-of-use asset and a lease liability are recognized. The right-of-use asset represents the right to use the leased asset for the lease term. The lease liability represents the present value of the lease payments under the lease. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which primarily comprises the initial amount of the lease liability, plus any initial direct costs incurred, consisting mainly of brokerage commissions, less any lease incentives received. All right-of-use assets are reviewed for impairment. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, our secured incremental borrowing rate for the same term as the underlying lease. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following: the fixed noncancelable lease payments, payments for optional renewal periods where it is reasonably certain the renewal period will be exercised, and payments for early termination options unless it is reasonably certain the lease will not be terminated early. Lease expense for operating leases consists of the lease payments plus any initial direct costs, primarily brokerage commissions, and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a term of 12 months or less. The effect of short-term leases on our right-of-use asset and lease liability was not material. As of March 31, 2019, the maturities of our operating lease liabilities (excluding short-term leases) are as follows (in thousands): Maturity of Lease Liabilities 2019 $ 120 2020 185 2021 282 2022 298 2023 289 Total minimum lease payments 1,174 Less: Interest (130) Present value of lease obligations 1,044 Less: Current portion (118) Long-term portion of lease obligations $ 926 The weighted average remaining lease term and the weighted-average discount rate for our operating leases at March 31, 2019 was: March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) 4.67 — Weighted-average discount rate 4.43 % — Supplemental cash flow information related to leases where we are the lessee is as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 40 Supplemental noncash information on lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets: Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities $ — The components of lease expense are as follows (in thousands) within our condensed consolidated statements of operations: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Operating lease $ 61 Short term lease expense 14 Total $ 75

Recent Accounting Pronouncement

Recent Accounting Pronouncements	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Note 18. Recent Accounting Pronouncements We adopted ASC 842, as of January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach. The modified retrospective approach provides a method for recording existing leases at the beginning of the period of adoption. In addition, we elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things, allowed us to carry forward the historical lease classification and we elected the hindsight practical expedient to determine the lease term for existing leases. We determined that the exercise of our renewal option associated with our lease of facility in Fremont, California, would be reasonably certain in determining the expected lease term. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. Adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of net lease assets of $1.1 million and lease liabilities of $1.1 million, as of January 1, 2019. The standard did not have an impact on our consolidated results of operations or cash flow. The impact of the adoption of ASC 842 on the balance sheet as of January 1, 2019 was (in thousands): As Reported Adoption of ASC 842 Balance December 31, 2018 Increase (Decrease) January 1, 2019 Operating lease right-of-use assets $ — $ 1,086 $ 1,086 Total assets 223,524 1,086 224,610 Accrued liabilities 15,371 128 * 15,499 Total current liabilities 28,709 128 28,837 Long-term liability - operating leases — 958 958 Total liabilities 28,992 1,086 30,078 Total liabilities and equity 223,524 1,086 224,610 * Short-term portion of lease liability included in accrued liabilities

Investments and Fair Value Me_2

Investments and Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Investments and Fair Value Measurements
Cash, cash equivalents and investments	As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our cash, cash equivalents and investments are classified as follows (in thousands): March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Gross Gross Gross Gross Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair Cost Gain (Loss) Value Cost Gain (Loss) Value Classified as: Cash $ 21,060 $ — $ — $ 21,060 $ 16,526 $ — $ — $ 16,526 Cash equivalents: Certificates of deposit 1 — — — — — — — — Total cash and cash equivalents 21,060 — — 21,060 16,526 — — 16,526 Investments (available-for-sale): Certificates of deposit 2 4,509 — (13) 4,496 4,508 — (27) 4,481 Corporate bonds 8,603 — (14) 8,589 18,422 — (57) 18,365 Total investments 13,112 — (27) 13,085 22,930 — (84) 22,846 Total cash, cash equivalents and investments $ 34,172 $ — $ (27) $ 34,145 $ 39,456 $ — $ (84) $ 39,372 Contractual maturities on investments: Due within 1 year 3 $ 13,112 $ 13,085 $ 22,210 $ 22,129 Due after 1 through 5 years 4 — — 720 717 $ 13,112 $ 13,085 $ 22,930 $ 22,846 1. Certificates of deposit with original maturities of less than three months. 2. Certificates of deposit with original maturities of more than three months. 3. Classified as “Short-term investments” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. 4. Classified as “Long-term investments” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Fair value and gross unrealized losses related to available-for-sale securities	The following table summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses related to available-for-sale securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands): In Loss Position In Loss Position Total In < 12 months > 12 months Loss Position Gross Gross Gross Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized As of March 31, 2019 Value (Losses) Value (Losses) Value (Losses) Investments: Certificates of deposit $ — $ — $ 4,477 $ (13) $ 4,477 $ (13) Corporate bonds — — 8,589 (14) 8,589 (14) Total in loss position $ — $ — $ 13,066 $ (27) $ 13,066 $ (27) The following table summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses related to available-for-sale securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands): In Loss Position In Loss Position Total In < 12 months > 12 months Loss Position Gross Gross Gross Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized As of December 31, 2018 Value (Loss) Value (Loss) Value (Loss) Investments: Certificates of deposit $ 717 $ (3) $ 3,746 $ (24) $ 4,463 $ (27) Corporate bonds 9,175 (29) 9,189 (28) 18,364 (57) Total in loss position $ 9,892 $ (32) $ 12,935 $ (52) $ 22,827 $ (84)
Summary of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	The following table summarizes our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis in accordance with ASC 820 as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands): Quoted Prices in Significant Active Markets of Significant Other Unobservable Balance as of Identical Assets Observable Inputs Inputs March 31, 2019 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Assets: Cash equivalents and investments: Certificates of deposit $ 4,496 $ — $ 4,496 $ — Corporate bonds 8,589 — 8,589 — Total $ 13,085 $ — $ 13,085 $ — The following table summarizes our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis in accordance with ASC 820 as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands): Quoted Prices in Significant Active Markets of Significant Other Unobservable Balance as of Identical Assets Observable Inputs Inputs December 31, 2018 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Assets: Cash equivalents and investments: Certificates of deposit $ 4,481 $ — $ 4,481 $ — Corporate bonds 18,365 — 18,365 — Total $ 22,846 $ — $ 22,846 $ —

Inventories (Tables)

Inventories (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Inventories
Components of inventories	The components of inventories are summarized below (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Inventories: Raw materials $ 21,482 $ 26,966 Work in process 28,088 28,217 Finished goods 3,455 3,388 $ 53,025 $ 58,571

Property, Plant and Equipment_2

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
Components of property, plant and equipment	The components of our property, plant and equipment are summarized below (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Property, plant and equipment: Machinery and equipment, at cost $ 45,446 $ 51,496 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (36,360) (41,431) Building, at cost 39,599 39,775 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (12,103) (12,147) Leasehold improvements, at cost 5,599 5,464 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (4,671) (4,497) Construction in progress 47,465 43,620 $ 84,975 $ 82,280

Accrued Liabilities (Tables)

Accrued Liabilities (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Accrued Liabilities
Schedule of components of accrued liabilities	The components of accrued liabilities are summarized below (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Preferred stock dividends payable 2,901 2,901 Accrued compensation and related charges 1,899 3,440 Payable in connection with repurchase of subsidiaries shares 1,176 1,147 Payable in connection with construction 540 2,912 Advance from customers 483 476 Accrued professional services 351 706 Accrued product warranty 325 236 Other tax payable 307 261 Other personnel related costs 196 202 Current portion of operating lease liabilities 118 — Accrued income taxes 88 99 Accrual for sales refund liabilities 60 47 Deferred government grant income in connection with purchase of land — 1,000 Dividends payable by consolidated joint ventures — 504 Other accrued liabilities 1,112 1,440 $ 9,556 $ 15,371

Investments in Privately-Held_2

Investments in Privately-Held Companies (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Investments in Privately-Held Companies
Summary of investments	The six direct investments are summarized below (in thousands): Investment Balance as of March 31, December 31, Accounting Ownership Company 2019 2018 Method Percentage Nanjing JinMei Gallium Co., Ltd. $ 592 $ 592 Consolidated 97 % Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd. N/A 3,331 Consolidated *46 % Beijing BoYu Semiconductor Vessel Craftwork Technology Co., Ltd. 1,346 1,346 Consolidated 63 % $ 1,938 $ 5,269 Donghai County Dongfang High Purity Electronic Materials Co., Ltd. $ 1,459 $ 1,416 Equity 46 % Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd. 2,027 N/A Equity *39 % Xilingol Tongli Germanium Co. Ltd. — 1,700 Equity 25 % Emeishan Jia Mei High Purity Metals Co., Ltd. 790 842 Equity 25 % $ 4,276 $ 3,958
Summary of gain on deconsolidation	Amount (in thousands) Fair value of the consideration received $ 366 Fair value of the retained investment in Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd. 2,040 Carrying value of noncontrolling interest, net of accumulated other comprehensive income attributable to subsidiary 617 Derecognition of Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd.'s net asset (2,848) Gain recognized on deconsolidation of Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd. $ 175 Amount (in thousands) Fair value of the retained investment in Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd. $ 2,040 Carrying value of retained noncontrolling investment (1,559) Gain on retained noncontrolling investment due to remeasurement $ 481
Summarized equity method income information	AXT’s direct minority investment entities and the one minority investment of JinMei are not consolidated and are accounted for under the equity method. Excluding one fully impaired entity, the equity entities had the following summarized income information (in thousands) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Net revenue $ 6,441 $ 7,356 Gross profit (loss) $ (51) $ 586 Operating loss $ (2,039) $ (1,735) Net loss $ (2,446) $ (1,430)

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Stockholders' Equity
Consolidated statement of changes in equity	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (in thousands) The changes in stockholders’ equity by component for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, are as follows: Accumulated Other AXT, Inc. Total Preferred Common Additional Accumulated Comprehensive Stockholders’ Noncontrolling Stockholders’ Stock Stock Paid-In Capital Deficit Income (Loss) Equity Interests Equity Balance as of December 31, 2018 $ 3,532 $ 40 $ 234,418 $ (45,183) $ (1,972) $ 190,835 $ 3,697 $ 194,532 Reclassification out of accumulated other comprehensive income and noncontrolling interests upon the deconsolidation of a subsidiary — — — — (1,150) (1,150) 533 (617) Stock-based compensation — — 558 — — 558 — 558 Net loss — — — (1,104) — (1,104) 81 (1,023) Other comprehensive income — — — — 2,389 2,389 142 2,531 Balance as of March 31, 2019 $ 3,532 $ 40 $ 234,976 $ (46,287) $ (733) $ 191,528 $ 4,453 $ 195,981 Accumulated Other AXT, Inc. Total Preferred Common Additional Accumulated Comprehensive Stockholders’ Noncontrolling Stockholders’ Stock Stock Paid-In Capital Deficit Income (Loss) Equity Interests Equity Balance as of December 31, 2017 $ 3,532 $ 39 $ 231,679 $ (54,837) $ 3,407 $ 183,820 $ 4,497 $ 188,317 Common stock options exercised — — 66 — — 66 — 66 Stock-based compensation — — 467 — — 467 — 467 Net income — — — 2,875 — 2,875 315 3,190 Other comprehensive income — — — — 2,439 2,439 260 2,699 Balance as of March 31, 2018 $ 3,532 $ 39 $ 232,212 $ (51,962) $ 5,846 $ 189,667 $ 5,072 $ 194,739

Stock-Based Compensation (Table

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Stock-Based Compensation
Summary of compensation costs related to stock-based awards	The following table summarizes compensation costs related to our stock-based awards (in thousands, except per share data): Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Cost of revenue $ 31 $ 21 Selling, general and administrative 437 369 Research and development 90 77 Total stock-based compensation 558 467 Tax effect on stock-based compensation — — Net effect on net income $ 558 $ 467
Summary of stock option activity	The following table summarizes the stock option transactions during the three months ended March 31, 2019 (in thousands, except per share data): Weighted average Weighted- Remaining Number of average Contractual Aggregate Options Exercise Life Intrinsic Stock Options Outstanding Price (in years) Value Balance as of January 1, 2019 2,654 $ 4.09 6.28 $ 2,720 Granted — — Exercised — — Canceled and expired — — Balance as of March 31, 2019 2,654 $ 4.09 6.04 $ 2,857 Options vested as of March 31, 2019 and unvested options expected to vest, net of forfeitures 2,632 $ 4.07 6.01 $ 2,856 Options exercisable as of March 31, 2019 1,956 $ 3.62 5.26 $ 2,546
Summary of restricted stock awards activity	A summary of activity related to restricted stock awards for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is presented below (in thousands, except per share data): Weighted-Average Grant Date Stock Awards Shares Fair Value Non-vested as of January 1, 2019 633 $ 6.85 Granted 12 $ 4.32 Vested (1) $ 7.35 Forfeited — $ — Non-vested as of March 31, 2019 644 $ 6.80

Net Income Per Share (Tables)

Net Income Per Share (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Net Income Per Share
Reconciliation of numerators and denominators of basic and diluted net income per share	A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted net income per share calculations is as follows (in thousands, except per share data): Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Numerator: Net income (loss) attributable to AXT, Inc. $ (1,104) $ 2,875 Less: Preferred stock dividends (44) (44) Net income (loss) available to common stockholders $ (1,148) $ 2,831 Denominator: Denominator for basic net income (loss) per share - weighted-average common shares 39,352 38,941 Effect of dilutive securities: Common stock options — 1,289 Restricted stock awards — 134 Denominator for dilutive net income (loss) per common shares 39,352 40,364 Net income (loss) attributable to AXT, Inc. per common share: Basic $ (0.03) $ 0.07 Diluted $ (0.03) $ 0.07 Options excluded from diluted net income (loss) per share as the impact is anti-dilutive 2,654 184 Restricted stock excluded from diluted net income (loss) per share as the impact is anti-dilutive 644 240

Segment Information and Forei_2

Segment Information and Foreign Operations (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Segment Information and Foreign Operations
Revenues reported by product type	The following table represents revenue amounts (in thousands) by product type: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Product Type: Substrates $ 16,766 $ 19,364 Raw Materials and Others 3,442 5,055 Total $ 20,208 $ 24,419
Revenue reported for products shipped to customers in the corresponding geographic region	The following table represents revenue amounts (in thousands) reported for products shipped to customers in the corresponding geographic region: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Geographical region: China $ 7,111 $ 7,183 Europe (primarily Germany) 4,375 6,393 Taiwan 3,008 5,049 North America (primarily the United States) 2,738 1,845 Japan 1,792 2,455 Asia Pacific (excluding China, Taiwan and Japan) 1,184 1,494 Total $ 20,208 $ 24,419
Long-lived assets by geographic region	Long-lived assets consist primarily of property, plant and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets, and are attributed to the geographic location in which they are located. Long-lived assets, net of depreciation, by geographic region were as follows (in thousands): As of March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Long-lived assets by geographic region, net of depreciation: North America $ 1,501 $ 445 China 84,510 81,835 $ 86,011 $ 82,280

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies
Product warranty accrued liability	The following table reflects the change in our warranty accrual which is included in “Accrued liabilities” on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Beginning accrued product warranty $ 236 $ 133 Accruals for warranties issued 127 59 Adjustments related to pre-existing warranties including expirations and changes in estimates 93 (46) Cost of warranty repair (131) (29) Ending accrued product warranty $ 325 $ 117

Revenue (Tables)

Revenue (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Revenue
Schedule of amounts recorded in accrued liabilities	March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Contract liabilities $ (483) $ (476) Revenue recognized, included in contract liabilities, in the three months ended from: $ Not Applicable

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Leases
Summary of maturities of our operating lease liabilities	As of March 31, 2019, the maturities of our operating lease liabilities (excluding short-term leases) are as follows (in thousands): Maturity of Lease Liabilities 2019 $ 120 2020 185 2021 282 2022 298 2023 289 Total minimum lease payments 1,174 Less: Interest (130) Present value of lease obligations 1,044 Less: Current portion (118) Long-term portion of lease obligations $ 926
Schedule of weighted average remaining lease term and the weighted average discount rate of operating leases	March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) 4.67 — Weighted-average discount rate 4.43 % —
Schedule of supplemental cash flow information related to leases	Supplemental cash flow information related to leases where we are the lessee is as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 40 Supplemental noncash information on lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets: Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities $ —
Summary of components of lease expense	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Operating lease $ 61 Short term lease expense 14 Total $ 75

Recent Accounting Pronounceme_2

Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
ASU 2016-02
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Schedule of new accounting pronouncements and changes in accounting principles	The impact of the adoption of ASC 842 on the balance sheet as of January 1, 2019 was (in thousands): As Reported Adoption of ASC 842 Balance December 31, 2018 Increase (Decrease) January 1, 2019 Operating lease right-of-use assets $ — $ 1,086 $ 1,086 Total assets 223,524 1,086 224,610 Accrued liabilities 15,371 128 * 15,499 Total current liabilities 28,709 128 28,837 Long-term liability - operating leases — 958 958 Total liabilities 28,992 1,086 30,078 Total liabilities and equity 223,524 1,086 224,610 * Short-term portion of lease liability included in accrued liabilities

Basis of Presentation (Details)

Basis of Presentation (Details) - company	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 11, 2019	Mar. 10, 2019
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Number of equity method investments	5	5	7
Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership, consolidated method (in hundredths)				39.00%	46.00%

Investments and Fair Value Me_3

Investments and Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Cash, cash equivalents and investments [Abstract]
Cash	$ 21,060,000	$ 16,526,000
Cash equivalents [Abstract]
Total cash and cash equivalents	21,060,000	16,526,000
Amortized Cost	13,112,000	22,930,000
Cash, cash equivalents and investments, amortized costs	34,172,000	39,456,000
Gross Unrealized (Loss)	(27,000)	(84,000)
Fair Value	13,085,000	22,846,000
Cash, cash equivalents and investments, amortized costs	34,145,000	39,372,000
Contractual maturities on investments, amortized cost basis [Abstract]
Due within 1 year	13,112,000	22,210,000
Due after 1 through 5 years		720,000
Investments, amortized cost	13,112,000	22,930,000
Contractual maturities on investments, fair value basis [Abstract]
Due within 1 year	13,085,000	22,129,000
Due after 1 through 5 years		717,000
Investments, fair value	13,085,000	22,846,000
Transfers between fair value measurements	0
Total Investments
Cash equivalents [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	13,112,000	22,930,000
Gross Unrealized (Loss)	(27,000)	(84,000)
Fair Value	13,085,000	22,846,000
Contractual maturities on investments, amortized cost basis [Abstract]
Investments, amortized cost	13,112,000	22,930,000
Contractual maturities on investments, fair value basis [Abstract]
Investments, fair value	13,085,000	22,846,000
Certificates of Deposit [Member]
Cash equivalents [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	4,509,000	4,508,000
Gross Unrealized (Loss)	(13,000)	(27,000)
Fair Value	4,496,000	4,481,000
Contractual maturities on investments, amortized cost basis [Abstract]
Investments, amortized cost	4,509,000	4,508,000
Contractual maturities on investments, fair value basis [Abstract]
Investments, fair value	4,496,000	4,481,000
Corporate Bonds [Member]
Cash equivalents [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	8,603,000	18,422,000
Gross Unrealized (Loss)	(14,000)	(57,000)
Fair Value	8,589,000	18,365,000
Contractual maturities on investments, amortized cost basis [Abstract]
Investments, amortized cost	8,603,000	18,422,000
Contractual maturities on investments, fair value basis [Abstract]
Investments, fair value	$ 8,589,000	$ 18,365,000

Investments and Fair Value Me_4

Investments and Fair Value Measurements - Investment Category and Length (Details)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)subsidiarycompany	Mar. 31, 2018subsidiarycompany	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)company
Summary of fair value and gross unrealized losses related to available-for-sale securities [Abstract]
Fair value, in loss position less than twelve months			$ 9,892,000
Gross unrealized loss, in loss position less than twelve months			(32,000)
Fair value, in loss position greater than twelve months	$ 13,066,000		12,935,000
Gross unrealized loss, in loss position greater than twelve months	(27,000)		(52,000)
Fair value, total in loss position	13,066,000		22,827,000
Gross unrealized loss, total in loss position	(27,000)		(84,000)
Minority Investments
Investments, equity method	$ 4,276,000		$ 3,958,000
Number of consolidated subsidiaries | subsidiary	1	1
Number of equity method investments | company	5	5	7
Impairment charge	$ 1,100,000		$ 0
Xilingol Tongli Germanium Co. Ltd Investment
Minority Investments
Ownership (as a percent)	25.00%
Xilingol Tongli Germanium Co. Ltd Investment | Xilingol Tongli Germanium Co. Ltd Investment
Minority Investments
Investments, equity method	$ 0		1,700,000
Ownership (as a percent)	25.00%
Certificates of Deposit [Member]
Summary of fair value and gross unrealized losses related to available-for-sale securities [Abstract]
Fair value, in loss position less than twelve months			717,000
Gross unrealized loss, in loss position less than twelve months			(3,000)
Fair value, in loss position greater than twelve months	$ 4,477,000		3,746,000
Gross unrealized loss, in loss position greater than twelve months	(13,000)		(24,000)
Fair value, total in loss position	4,477,000		4,463,000
Gross unrealized loss, total in loss position	(13,000)		(27,000)
Corporate Bonds [Member]
Summary of fair value and gross unrealized losses related to available-for-sale securities [Abstract]
Fair value, in loss position less than twelve months			9,175,000
Gross unrealized loss, in loss position less than twelve months			(29,000)
Fair value, in loss position greater than twelve months	8,589,000		9,189,000
Gross unrealized loss, in loss position greater than twelve months	(14,000)		(28,000)
Fair value, total in loss position	8,589,000		18,364,000
Gross unrealized loss, total in loss position	(14,000)		(57,000)
Other assets
Minority Investments
Investments, equity method	$ 6,900,000		$ 8,400,000

Investments and Fair Value Me_5

Investments and Fair Value Measurements - Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Investments, amortized cost	$ 13,085	$ 22,846
Recurring
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Total	13,085	22,846
Recurring | Certificates of Deposit [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents, fair value disclosure	4,496	4,481
Recurring | Corporate Bonds [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Investments, amortized cost	8,589	18,365
Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Total	13,085	22,846
Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Certificates of Deposit [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents, fair value disclosure	4,496	4,481
Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Corporate Bonds [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Investments, amortized cost	$ 8,589	$ 18,365

Inventories (Details)

Inventories (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Inventories
Raw materials	$ 21,482,000	$ 26,966,000
Work in process	28,088,000	28,217,000
Finished goods	3,455,000	3,388,000
Inventories, Total	53,025,000	58,571,000
Inventory reserve	15,600,000	14,800,000
Excess and obsolete inventory	$ 123,000	$ 18,000

Property, Plant and Equipment_3

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Property, plant and equipment [Abstract]
Property, plant and equipment, net	$ 84,975	$ 82,280
Machinery and equipment
Property, plant and equipment [Abstract]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	45,446	51,496
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(36,360)	(41,431)
Building
Property, plant and equipment [Abstract]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	39,599	39,775
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(12,103)	(12,147)
Leasehold improvements
Property, plant and equipment [Abstract]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	5,599	5,464
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(4,671)	(4,497)
Construction in progress
Property, plant and equipment [Abstract]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	47,465	43,620
Construction in progress Dingxin and Chaoyang locations
Property, plant and equipment [Abstract]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	34,100	31,700
Construction in progress manufacturing equipment purchases
Property, plant and equipment [Abstract]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	3,900	2,200
Construction in progress other consolidated subsidiaries
Property, plant and equipment [Abstract]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 9,500	$ 9,700

Accrued Liabilities (Details)

Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
Components of accrued liabilities
Preferred stock dividends payable	$ 2,901	$ 2,901
Accrued compensation and related charges	1,899	3,440
Payable in connection with repurchase of subsidiaries shares	1,176	1,147
Payable in connection with construction	540	2,912
Advance from customers	483	476
Accrued professional services	351	706
Accrued product warranty	325	236
Other tax payable	307	261
Other personnel related costs	196	202
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	118
Accrued income taxes	88	99
Accrual for sales refund liabilities	60	47
Deferred government grant income in connection with purchase of land		1,000
Dividends payable by consolidated joint ventures	0	504	$ 552
Other accrued liabilities	1,112	1,440
Accrued liabilities, Total	$ 9,556	$ 15,371

Related Party Transactions (Det

Related Party Transactions (Details)	Nov. 02, 2017USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2017USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2017USD ($)installment	Apr. 30, 2016USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)ft²	Mar. 31, 2018USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Mar. 11, 2019	Mar. 10, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of previously consolidated subsidiary shares					$ 366,000
Area of leased property (in square feet) | ft²					19,467
Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd Investment
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership, consolidated method (in hundredths)									39.00%	46.00%
Equity investment entity | Raw materials sales to related party | Accounts receivable | Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Amount payable to related party					$ 105,000						$ 0
Equity investment entity | Raw material agency sales agreement | Other (expense) income, net | Nanjing JinMei Gallium Co., Ltd
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Other income from related party					0	$ 0
Donghai County Dongfang High Purity Electronic Materials Co., Ltd | Raw materials purchases from related party | Accounts payable | Beijing Tongmei Xtal Technology
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Amount payable to related party					0						59,000
Emei Shan Jiamei Materials Co., Ltd | Raw materials purchases from related party | Accounts payable | Beijing Tongmei Xtal Technology
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Amount payable to related party					0						0
Xilingol Tongli Germanium Co. Ltd | Raw materials purchases from related party | Accounts payable | Beijing Tongmei Xtal Technology
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Amount payable to related party					$ 156,000						0
Beijing BoYu Semiconductor Vessel Craftwork Technology Co | Lease of land | Beijing Tongmei Xtal Technology
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Area of leased property (in square feet) | ft²					22,081
Lease term					10 years
Annual lease payment					$ 24,000
Increase in annual lease payment at each third year anniversary (in hundredths)					5.00%
Rental increase period					3 years
Nanjing JinMei Gallium Co., Ltd | Related party loan | Beijing Tongmei Xtal Technology
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Amount of transaction			$ 768,000
Number of installments | installment			3
Amount payable to related party					$ 299,000						316,000
Interest rate (as a percent)			4.90%
Repayment of related party notes receivable					494,000
Nanjing JinMei Gallium Co., Ltd | Minimum
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Investment in new facility								$ 2,500,000
Nanjing JinMei Gallium Co., Ltd | Maximum
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Investment in new facility								$ 3,500,000
Executive officer | Related party loan | Beijing BoYu Semiconductor Vessel Craftwork Technology Co
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Amount of transaction		$ 291,000		$ 177,000
Interest rate (as a percent)		2.75%		2.75%
Repayment of related party notes receivable							$ 180,000
Executive officer | Related party loan | Other assets | Beijing BoYu Semiconductor Vessel Craftwork Technology Co
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related party notes receivable - current					309,000						$ 299,000
3rd party investor | Beijing BoYu Semiconductor Vessel Craftwork Technology Co
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue from related parties					$ 38,000	$ 801,000
Raised additional capital	$ 2,000,000
Percentage ownership from issuance of shares	10.00%

Investments in Privately-Held_3

Investments in Privately-Held Companies (Details)	Jun. 15, 2018USD ($)installment	Nov. 02, 2017USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018USD ($)employeeentity	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)employeesubsidiaryentityitem	Mar. 31, 2018USD ($)subsidiaryentity	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)	Mar. 11, 2019	Mar. 10, 2019	Aug. 31, 2018	Jun. 14, 2018	Nov. 01, 2017
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Direct investments | item				6
Indirect investments | item				1
Investments, equity method				$ 4,276,000		$ 3,958,000
Proceeds from sale of previously consolidated subsidiary shares				366,000
Gain on deconsolidation				175,000
Additional percentage of ownership, consolidated method			2
Remainder portion of payment				$ 1,176,000		1,147,000
Number of persons on board | employee			1
Number of consolidated joint ventures | subsidiary				1	1
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests				$ 81,000	$ 315,000
Direct minority investments not consolidated | entity				4
Impairment charge				$ 1,100,000		0
Impaired entities | entity				1
Joint Ventures
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Indirect investments | entity				1
Number of consolidated joint ventures | entity			3	3	3
Income from consolidated joint ventures				$ 700,000	$ 1,400,000
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests				81,000	315,000
Net income from joint ventures attributable to parent				600,000	$ 1,100,000
Other assets
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Investments, equity method				6,900,000		8,400,000
Other assets | Joint Ventures
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Value of indirectly owned minority investments in privately-held companies				$ 2,600,000		4,500,000
Xilingol Tongli Germanium Co. Ltd Investment
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Percentage of ownership, equity method (in hundredths)				25.00%
Direct minority investments not consolidated | entity				1
Donghai County Dongfang High Purity Electronic Materials Co., Ltd Investment | Donghai County Dongfang High Purity Electronic Materials Co., Ltd Investment
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Investments, equity method				$ 1,459,000		1,416,000
Percentage of ownership, equity method (in hundredths)				46.00%
Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd Investment | Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd Investment
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Investments, equity method				$ 2,027,000
Percentage of ownership, equity method (in hundredths)				39.00%
Xilingol Tongli Germanium Co. Ltd Investment | Xilingol Tongli Germanium Co. Ltd Investment
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Investments, equity method				$ 0		1,700,000
Percentage of ownership, equity method (in hundredths)				25.00%
Emeishan Jia Mei High Purity Metals Co., Ltd Investment | Emeishan Jia Mei High Purity Metals Co., Ltd Investment
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Investments, equity method				$ 790,000		842,000
Percentage of ownership, equity method (in hundredths)				25.00%
Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd Investment
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Percentage of ownership, consolidated method (in hundredths)							39.00%	46.00%
Nanjing JinMei Gallium Co., Ltd
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Number of new board representatives | employee				2
Beijing Boyu Semiconductor Vessel Craftwork Technology Co Ltd
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Number of persons on board | employee				2
Majority-Owned Subsidiaries
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Investments, consolidated method				$ 1,938,000		5,269,000
Nanjing JinMei Gallium Co., Ltd Investment
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Investments, consolidated method				592,000		592,000
Additional percentage of ownership, consolidated method	12
Purchase of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interest	$ 1,400,000		$ 252,000
Number of installments | installment	2
Payment of first installment	$ 163,000
Remainder portion of payment				$ 1,200,000
Nanjing JinMei Gallium Co., Ltd Investment | Nanjing JinMei Gallium Co., Ltd Investment
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Percentage of ownership, consolidated method (in hundredths)				97.00%					95.00%	83.00%
Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd Investment
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Investments, consolidated method						3,331,000
Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd Investment | Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd Investment
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Percentage of ownership, consolidated method (in hundredths)				46.00%
Beijing BoYu Semiconductor Vessel Craftwork Technology Co., Ltd Investment
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Investments, consolidated method				$ 1,346,000		$ 1,346,000
Gain (loss) from equity transaction		$ 0
Beijing BoYu Semiconductor Vessel Craftwork Technology Co., Ltd Investment | 3rd party investor
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Percentage ownership from issuance of shares		10.00%
Raised additional capital		$ 2,000,000
Beijing BoYu Semiconductor Vessel Craftwork Technology Co., Ltd Investment | Beijing BoYu Semiconductor Vessel Craftwork Technology Co., Ltd Investment
Summary of investments [Abstract]
Percentage of ownership, consolidated method (in hundredths)				63.00%							70.00%

Investments in Privately-Held_4

Investments in Privately-Held Companies - Gain on Deconsolidation (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)
Investments in Privately-Held Companies
Fair value of the consideration received	$ 366
Fair value of the retained investment in Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd.	2,040
Carrying value of non-controlling interest, net of accumulated other comprehensive income attributable to subsidiary	617
Derecognition of Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd.'s net asset	(2,848)
Gain recognized on deconsolidation of Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd.	175
Carrying value of retained noncontrolling investment	(1,559)
Gain on retained noncontrolling investment due to remeasurement	$ 481

Investments in Privately-Held_5

Investments in Privately-Held Companies - Minority Investment Entities (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)company	Mar. 31, 2018USD ($)company	Dec. 31, 2018company
Minority investment entities
Minority investments not consolidated accounted for under equity method | company	5	5	7
Five Minority Investments
Summarized income information of all the minority investment entities that are not consolidated and accounted for under the equity method [Abstract]
Net revenue	$ 6,441	$ 7,356
Gross profit (loss)	(51)	586
Operating (loss)	(2,039)	(1,735)
Net (loss)	(2,446)	(1,430)
Minority investment entities
Entity (loss) excluding impairment	$ (1,600)	$ (300)

Stockholders' Equity (Details)

Stockholders' Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended	36 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2018	Oct. 27, 2014
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 194,532	$ 188,317
Reclassification out of accumulated other comprehensive income and non-controlling interest upon the deconsolidation of a subsidiary	(617)
Common stock options exercised		66
Stock-based compensation	558	467
Net income (loss)	(1,023)	3,190
Other comprehensive income	2,531	2,699
Balance, end of period	195,981	194,739		$ 194,532
Reclassification adjustment from AOCI	0	0
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount					$ 5,000
Shares repurchased (in shares)			908,000	0
Average price of shares repurchased (in dollars per share)			$ 2.52
Total purchase price			$ 2,300
Stock repurchase program remaining authorized repurchase amount	2,700
Preferred Stock
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	3,532	3,532
Balance, end of period	3,532	3,532		$ 3,532
Common Stock
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	40	39
Balance, end of period	40	39		40
Additional Paid-In Capital
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	234,418	231,679
Common stock options exercised		66
Stock-based compensation	558	467
Balance, end of period	234,976	232,212		234,418
Accumulated Deficit
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	(45,183)	(54,837)
Net income (loss)	(1,104)	2,875
Balance, end of period	(46,287)	(51,962)		(45,183)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	(1,972)	3,407
Reclassification out of accumulated other comprehensive income and non-controlling interest upon the deconsolidation of a subsidiary	(1,150)
Other comprehensive income	2,389	2,439
Balance, end of period	(733)	5,846		(1,972)
AXT, Inc. Stockholders' Equity
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	190,835	183,820
Reclassification out of accumulated other comprehensive income and non-controlling interest upon the deconsolidation of a subsidiary	(1,150)
Common stock options exercised		66
Stock-based compensation	558	467
Net income (loss)	(1,104)	2,875
Other comprehensive income	2,389	2,439
Balance, end of period	191,528	189,667		190,835
Noncontrolling Interests
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	3,697	4,497
Reclassification out of accumulated other comprehensive income and non-controlling interest upon the deconsolidation of a subsidiary	533
Net income (loss)	81	315
Other comprehensive income	142	260
Balance, end of period	$ 4,453	$ 5,072		$ 3,697

Stock-Based Compensation - Stoc

Stock-Based Compensation - Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 558	$ 467
Net effect on net income	558	467
Cost of Revenue [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	31	21
Selling, General and Administrative [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	437	369
Research and Development [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 90	$ 77

Stock-Based Compensation - Opti

Stock-Based Compensation - Options (Details) - Options - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Number of Options Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Options outstanding, beginning of period (in shares)	2,654,000
Granted (in shares)	0	0
Options outstanding, end of period (in shares)	2,654,000		2,654,000
Options vested and unvested options expected to vest, net of forfeitures, end of period (in shares)	2,632,000
Options exercisable, end of period (in shares)	1,956,000
Weighted-average Exercise Price [Roll Forward]
Options outstanding, beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 4.09
Options outstanding, end of period (in dollars per share)	4.09		$ 4.09
Options vested and unvested options expected to vest, net of forfeitures (in dollars per share)	4.07
Options exercisable, end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 3.62
Weighted average Remaining Contractual Life [Abstract]
Options outstanding	6 years 15 days		6 years 3 months 11 days
Options vested and unvested options expected to vest, net of forfeitures, end of period	6 years 4 days
Option exercisable, end of period	5 years 3 months 4 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value [Abstract]
Options outstanding, beginning of period	$ 2,720
Options outstanding, end of period	2,857		$ 2,720
Options vested and expected to vest, end of period	2,856
Options exercisable, end of period	$ 2,546
Closing price (in dollars per share)	$ 4.45

Stock-Based Compensation - RSU

Stock-Based Compensation - RSU (Details) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)$ / sharesshares
Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Compensation costs related to unvested stock options not yet recognized | $	$ 1,400,000
Value of estimated forfeitures | $	$ 152,000
Weighted-average period of amortization	2 years 2 months 12 days
Restricted Stock Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted-average period of amortization	1 year 7 months 6 days
Shares [Roll Forward]
Non-vested, beginning of period (in shares) | shares	633
Granted (in shares) | shares	12
Vested (in shares) | shares	(1)
Non-vested, end of period (in shares) | shares	644
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Roll Forward]
Non-vested, beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 6.85
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	4.32
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	7.35
Non-vested, end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 6.80
Unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock awards | $	$ 3,600,000

Net Income Per Share (Details)

Net Income Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to AXT, Inc.	$ (1,104)	$ 2,875
Less: Preferred stock dividends	(44)	(44)
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders	$ (1,148)	$ 2,831
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Denominator for basic net income (loss) per share - weighted-average common shares (in shares)	39,352,000	38,941,000
Effect of dilutive securities:
Denominator for dilutive net income (loss) per common share (in shares)	39,352,000	40,364,000
Net income (loss) attributable to AXT, Inc. per common share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.03)	$ 0.07
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.03)	$ 0.07
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	883,000		883,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	883,000		883,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001		$ 0.001
Preferred stock, value	$ 3,532		$ 3,532
Cumulative annual dividend rate (as a percent)	5.00%		5.00%
Liquidation preference over common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 4		$ 4
Options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Securities excluded from diluted net income (loss) per share as the impact is anti-dilutive (in shares)	2,654,000	184,000
Restricted Stock Awards
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Securities excluded from diluted net income (loss) per share as the impact is anti-dilutive (in shares)	644,000	240,000
Options
Effect of dilutive securities:
Effect of dilutive securities (in shares)		1,289,000
Restricted Stock Awards
Effect of dilutive securities:
Effect of dilutive securities (in shares)		134,000

Segment Information and Forei_3

Segment Information and Foreign Operations - Product Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Revenue by product type
Revenue	$ 20,208	$ 24,419
Substrates
Revenue by product type
Revenue	16,766	19,364
Raw Materials And Others
Revenue by product type
Revenue	$ 3,442	$ 5,055

Segment Information and Forei_4

Segment Information and Foreign Operations - Segment and Geographical Information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)segment	Mar. 31, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Number of operating segments | segment	1
Net revenues reported for products shipped to customers in corresponding geographic region [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 20,208	$ 24,419
Long-lived assets by geographic region, net of depreciation:
Long-lived assets	86,011		$ 82,280
Reportable Geographical Components | China
Net revenues reported for products shipped to customers in corresponding geographic region [Abstract]
Revenue	7,111	7,183
Long-lived assets by geographic region, net of depreciation:
Long-lived assets	84,510		81,835
Reportable Geographical Components | Europe (primarily Germany)
Net revenues reported for products shipped to customers in corresponding geographic region [Abstract]
Revenue	4,375	6,393
Reportable Geographical Components | Taiwan
Net revenues reported for products shipped to customers in corresponding geographic region [Abstract]
Revenue	3,008	5,049
Reportable Geographical Components | North America (primarily the United States)
Net revenues reported for products shipped to customers in corresponding geographic region [Abstract]
Revenue	2,738	1,845
Long-lived assets by geographic region, net of depreciation:
Long-lived assets	1,501		$ 445
Reportable Geographical Components | Japan
Net revenues reported for products shipped to customers in corresponding geographic region [Abstract]
Revenue	1,792	2,455
Reportable Geographical Components | Asia Pacific (excluding China, Taiwan, and Japan)
Net revenues reported for products shipped to customers in corresponding geographic region [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 1,184	$ 1,494

Segment Information and Forei_5

Segment Information and Foreign Operations - Concentration of Credit Risk (Details) - customer	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Revenues
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Number of customers representing significant share	2	2
Accounts Receivable
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Number of customers representing significant share	3	3
Landmark | Revenues
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage share generated by major customers	11.00%	12.00%
Haisi Optoelectronics | Revenues
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage share generated by major customers	12.00%
Osram Opto [Member] | Revenues
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage share generated by major customers		12.00%
Major Customer One | Accounts Receivable
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage share generated by major customers	14.00%	17.00%
Major Customer Two | Accounts Receivable
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage share generated by major customers	14.00%	12.00%
Major Customer Three | Accounts Receivable
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage share generated by major customers	12.00%	10.00%
Top Five Major Customers | Revenues
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Number of customers representing significant share	5	5
Percentage share generated by major customers	40.00%	38.00%

Commitments and Contingencies_2

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)ft²	Mar. 31, 2018USD ($)
Product Warranty [Abstract]
Period of warranty	12 months
Change in warranty accrual [Roll Forward]
Beginning accrued product warranty	$ 236	$ 133
Accruals for warranties issued	127	59
Adjustments related to pre-existing warranties including expirations and changes in estimates	93	(46)
Cost of warranty repair	(131)	(29)
Ending accrued product warranty	$ 325	$ 117
Leases
Area of property under long-term operating lease (in square feet) | ft²	19,467
Term of royalty agreement	8 years
Dingxing
Leases
Total investment agreement value	$ 90,000
Kazuo
Leases
Total investment agreement value	15,000
Beijing BoYu Semiconductor Vessel Craftwork Technology Co., Ltd Investment | Kazuo
Leases
Total investment agreement value	$ 8,000

Foreign Exchange Transaction _2

Foreign Exchange Transaction Gains/Losses (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Other (expense) income, net
Foreign exchange loss	$ (56,000)	$ (224,000)

Income Taxes - (Details)

Income Taxes - (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)subsidiary	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets	$ 0
Statutory federal income tax rate (as a percent)	21.00%	35.00%
Unrecognized tax benefits interest and penalties	$ 0
Unrecognized tax benefits accrued interest and penalties	$ 0
Number of partially owned subsidiaries | subsidiary	2
Federal income tax benefit or expense	$ 0

Revenue - Revenue Recognition (

Revenue - Revenue Recognition (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)subsidiary	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Number of subsidiaries | subsidiary	3
Percentage of Gallium	99.99%
Accounts Receivable, Net, Current	$ 19,605	$ 19,586
Accrued liabilities	$ 9,556	$ 15,371
Maximum
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Sales commissions benefit period	1 year

Revenue - Contract Balances (De

Revenue - Contract Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Revenue
Contract liabilities	$ (483)	$ (476)
Revenue recognized, included in contract liabilities	$ 167

Revenue - Disaggregated Revenue

Revenue - Disaggregated Revenue and Practical Expedients and Exemptions (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019segment
Revenue
Number of operating segments	1

Bank Loans and Line of Credit (

Bank Loans and Line of Credit (Details) - USD ($)	Nov. 06, 2018	Mar. 31, 2019
LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Variable rate spread (as a percent)	2.00%
Letter of credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 1,000,000
Wells Fargo Bank
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 10,000,000
Wells Fargo Bank | Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loans outstanding		$ 0
Letters of credit outstanding		$ 0

Leases (Details)

Leases (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)ft²	Jan. 01, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)
Leases
Area of leased property (in square feet) | ft²	19,467
Operating lease, option to extend	true
Operating lease, extension term	3 years
Variable lease payments	$ 0
Residual value guarantee	0
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,036,000
Operating lease liability	$ 1,044,000
ASU 2016-02
Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets			$ 1,086,000
Adjustment [Member] | ASU 2016-02
Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets		$ 1,086,000
Operating lease liability		$ 1,100,000

Leases - Maturities of Operatin

Leases - Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)
Future minimum lease payments
2019	$ 120
2020	185
2021	282
2022	298
2023	289
Total minimum lease payments	1,174
Less: Interest	(130)
Present value of lease obligations	1,044
Less: Current portion	(118)
Long-term portion of lease obligations	$ 926

Leases - Weighted Average Remai

Leases - Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)
Leases
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	4 years 8 months 1 day
Weighted average discount rate	4.43%
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 40

Leases - Components of Lease Ex

Leases - Components of Lease Expense (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)
Lease expense
Operating lease	$ 61
Short term lease expense	14
Total	$ 75

Recent Accounting Pronounceme_3

Recent Accounting Pronouncements - Impact of Adoption of ASC 842 (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$ 1,036
Total assets	214,558		$ 223,524
Accrued liabilities	9,556		15,371
Total current liabilities	17,438		28,709
Long-term portion of lease obligations	926
Total liabilities	18,577		28,992
Total liabilities and equity	214,558		223,524
Accounts Receivable, Net, Current	19,605		19,586
Lease liability	$ 1,044
ASU 2016-02
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Operating lease right-of-use assets			1,086
Total assets			1,086
Accrued liabilities			128
Total current liabilities			128
Long-term portion of lease obligations			958
Total liabilities			1,086
Total liabilities and equity			$ 1,086
Adjustment [Member] | ASU 2016-02
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Operating lease right-of-use assets		$ 1,086
Total assets		224,610
Accrued liabilities		15,499
Total current liabilities		28,837
Long-term portion of lease obligations		958
Total liabilities		30,078
Total liabilities and equity		224,610
Lease liability		$ 1,100