The information in this preliminary pricing supplement is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary pricing supplement is not an offer to sell these securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to completion dated November 1, 2016.
Preliminary Pricing Supplement No. J640 Product Supplement No. JPM-I dated May 4, 2015, Prospectus dated May 4, 2015 | Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2) November 1, 2016 |
Credit Suisse AG
| Structured Investments | Credit Suisse Knock-Out Notes due February 7, 2018 Linked to the Performance of the S&P 500® Index |
General
| • | The notes are designed for investors who seek a fixed return at maturity linked to the performance of the S&P 500®Index. Investors should be willing to forgo interest and dividend payments and, if the Final Level is less than the Initial Level by more than the Knock-Out Buffer Amount, which is expected to be 15.00% (to be determined on the Pricing Date), be willing to lose up to 100% of their investment. If a Knock-Out Event has not occurred, at maturity investors will receive $1,088 per $1,000 principal amount of notes. Any payment on the notes is subject to our ability to pay our obligations as they become due. |
| • | Senior unsecured obligations of Credit Suisse AG, acting through its London branch, maturing February 7, 2018. |
| • | Minimum purchase of $10,000. Minimum denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof. |
| • | The notes are expected to price on or about November 4, 2016 (the “Pricing Date”) and are expected to settle on or about November 9, 2016 (the “Settlement Date”). Delivery of the notes in book-entry form only will be made through The Depository Trust Company. |
Key Terms
| Issuer: | Credit Suisse AG (“Credit Suisse”), acting through its London branch |
| Underlying: | The notes are linked to the performance of the S&P 500® Index. For additional information about the Underlying, see the information set forth under “The Reference Indices—The S&P Dow Jones Indices—The S&P 500® Index” in the accompanying underlying supplement. |
| Payment at Maturity: | At maturity, you will be entitled to receive a cash payment that will reflect the performance of the Underlying, as follows: |
| · If a Knock-Out Event has not occurred, your payment at maturity per $1,000 principal amount of notes will equal $1,000plusthe product of $1,000 and the Fixed Payment Percentage. | |
| The maximum Payment at Maturity is expected to be $1,088 per $1,000 principal amount. | |
| · If a Knock-Out Event has occurred, your payment at maturity per $1,000 principal amount of notes will equal $1,000 plus the product of $1,000 and the Underlying Return. | |
| If a Knock-Out Event has occurred, you will lose some or all of your investment at maturity. | |
| Any payment on the notes is subject to our ability to pay our obligations as they become due. | |
| Fixed Payment Percentage: | Expected to be 8.80% (to be determined on the Pricing Date). |
| Knock-Out Event: | A Knock-Out Event occurs if the Final Level is less than the Initial Level by more than the Knock-Out Buffer Amount. |
| Knock-Out Buffer Amount: | Expected to be 15.00% (to be determined on the Pricing Date). |
| Underlying Return: | Final Level – Initial Level |
| Initial Level | |
| Initial Level: | The closing level of the Underlying on the Pricing Date. In the event that the closing level of the Underlying is not available on the Pricing Date, the Initial Level will be the closing level of the Underlying on the immediately following trading day on which a closing level is available. |
| Final Level: | The arithmetic average of the closing levels of the Underlying on each of the five Valuation Dates. |
| Valuation Dates: | January 29, 2018, January 30, 2018, January 31, 2018, February 1, 2018 and February 2, 2018 (each a “Valuation Date” and February 2, 2018, the “Final Valuation Date”), subject to postponement as set forth in the accompanying product supplement under “Description of the Notes—Postponement of calculation dates.” |
| Maturity Date: | February 7, 2018, subject to postponement as set forth in the accompanying product supplement under “Description of the Notes—Postponement of calculation dates.” |
| Listing: | The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. |
| CUSIP: | 22548QMY8 |
Investing in the notes involves a number of risks. See “Selected Risk Considerations” beginning on page 4 of this pricing supplement and “Risk Factors” beginning on page PS-3 of the accompanying product supplement.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the notes or passed upon the accuracy or the adequacy of this pricing supplement or the accompanying underlying supplement, the product supplement, the prospectus supplement and the prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
| Price to Public(1) | Fees(2) | Proceeds to Issuer | |
| Per note | $1,000.00 | $ | $ |
| Total | $ | $ | $ |
(1) Certain fiduciary accounts will pay a purchase price of $988.80 per note, and the placement agents with respect to sales made to such accounts will forgo any fees.
(2) J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, which we refer to as JPMS LLC, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. will act as placement agents for the notes. The placement agents will forgo fees for sales to fiduciary accounts. The total fees represent the amount that the placement agents receive from sales to accounts other than such fiduciary accounts. The placement agents will receive a fee from Credit Suisse or one of our affiliates that will not exceed $11.20 per $1,000 principal amount of the notes.
Credit Suisse currently estimates the value of each $1,000 principal amount of the notes on the Pricing Date will be between $965.00 and $985.00 (as determined by reference to our pricing models and the rate we are currently paying to borrow funds through issuance of the notes (our “internal funding rate”)), which is less than the Price to Public listed above. This range of estimated values reflects terms that are not yet fixed. A single estimated value reflecting final terms will be determined on the Pricing Date. See “Selected Risk Considerations” in this pricing supplement.
The notes are not deposit liabilities and are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency of the United States, Switzerland or any other jurisdiction.
J.P.Morgan
Placement Agent
November , 2016
You may revoke your offer to purchase the notes at any time prior to the time at which we accept such offer on the date the notes are priced. We reserve the right to change the terms of, or reject any offer to purchase the notes prior to their issuance. In the event of any changes to the terms of the notes, we will notify you and you will be asked to accept such changes in connection with your purchase. You may also choose to reject such changes in which case we may reject your offer to purchase.
Additional Terms Specific to the Notes
You should read this pricing supplement together with the underlying supplement dated May 4, 2015, the product supplement dated May 4, 2015, the prospectus supplement dated May 4, 2015 and the prospectus dated May 4, 2015, relating to our Medium-Term Notes of which these notes are a part. You may access these documents on the SEC website at www.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by reviewing our filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):
| • | Underlying supplement dated May 4, 2015: |
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1053092/000095010315003505/dp55844_424b2-underlying.htm
| • | Product supplement No. JPM-I dated May 4, 2015: |
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1053092/000095010315003535/dp55825_424b2-jpmi.htm
| • | Prospectus supplement and Prospectus dated May 4, 2015: |
| http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1053092/000104746915004333/a2224570z424b2.htm |
In the event the terms of the notes described in this pricing supplement differ from, or are inconsistent with, the terms described in the underlying supplement, product supplement, prospectus supplement or prospectus, the terms described in this pricing supplement will control.
Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website is 1053092. As used in this pricing supplement, “we,” “us,” or “our” refers to Credit Suisse.
This pricing supplement, together with the documents listed above, contains the terms of the notes and supersedes all other prior or contemporaneous oral statements as well as any other written materials including preliminary or indicative pricing terms, fact sheets, correspondence, trade ideas, structures for implementation, sample structures, brochures or other educational materials of ours. We may, without the consent of the registered holder of the notes and the owner of any beneficial interest in the notes, amend the notes to conform to its terms as set forth in this pricing supplement and the documents listed above, and the trustee is authorized to enter into any such amendment without any such consent. You should carefully consider, among other things, the matters set forth in “Risk Factors” in the product supplement and “Selected Risk Considerations” in this pricing supplement, “Foreign Currency Risks” in the accompanying prospectus, and any risk factors we describe in the combined Annual Report on Form 20-F of Credit Suisse Group AG and us incorporated by reference therein, and any additional risk factors we describe in future filings we make with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as the notes involve risks not associated with conventional debt securities. You should consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisors before deciding to invest in the notes.
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Hypothetical Payments at Maturity for Each $1,000 Principal Amount of Notes
The following table and examples illustrate the hypothetical Payments at Maturity for a $1,000 principal amount of notes for a hypothetical range of performance of the Underlying, assuming a Fixed Payment Percentage of 8.80% and a Knock-Out Buffer Amount of 15.00%. The actual Fixed Payment Percentage and Knock-Out Buffer Amount will be determined on the Pricing Date. The hypothetical results set forth below are for illustrative purposes only. The actual payment at maturity applicable to a purchaser of the notes will be based on the Final Level and on whether a Knock-Out Event occurs. Any payment on the notes is subject to our ability to pay our obligations as they become due. The numbers appearing in the following table and examples have been rounded for ease of analysis.
Underlying Return | Return on the Notes | Payment |
| 100.00% | 8.80% | $1,088.00 |
| 90.00% | 8.80% | $1,088.00 |
| 80.00% | 8.80% | $1,088.00 |
| 70.00% | 8.80% | $1,088.00 |
| 60.00% | 8.80% | $1,088.00 |
| 50.00% | 8.80% | $1,088.00 |
| 40.00% | 8.80% | $1,088.00 |
| 30.00% | 8.80% | $1,088.00 |
| 20.00% | 8.80% | $1,088.00 |
| 10.00% | 8.80% | $1,088.00 |
| 0.00% | 8.80% | $1,088.00 |
| -10.00% | 8.80% | $1,088.00 |
| -15.00% | 8.80% | $1,088.00 |
| -20.00% | -20.00% | $800.00 |
| -30.00% | -30.00% | $700.00 |
| -40.00% | -40.00% | $600.00 |
| -50.00% | -50.00% | $500.00 |
| -60.00% | -60.00% | $400.00 |
| -70.00% | -70.00% | $300.00 |
| -80.00% | -80.00% | $200.00 |
| -90.00% | -90.00% | $100.00 |
| -100.00% | -100.00% | $0.00 |
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Hypothetical Examples of Amounts Payable at Maturity
The following examples illustrate how the payment at maturity is calculated.
Example 1: The level of the Underlying increases by 60% from the Initial Level to the Final Level.Because the Final Level is greater than the Initial Level, the investor receives a payment at maturity of $1,088 per $1,000 principal amount of notes, calculated as follows:
| Payment at maturity | = | $1,000 + ($1,000 × the Fixed Payment Percentage) |
| = | $1,000 + ($1,000 × 8.80%) | |
| = | $1,088 |
Regardless of the appreciation of the Underlying, the return on the notes will not exceed the Fixed Payment Percentage.
Example 2: The level of the Underlying decreases by 5% from the Initial Level to the Final Level. Because the Final Level has decreased from the Initial Level by 5%, a Knock-Out Event has not occurred and the investor receives a payment at maturity of $1,088 per $1,000 principal amount of notes, calculated as follows:
| Payment at maturity | = | $1,000 + ($1,000 × the Fixed Payment Percentage) |
| = | $1,000 + ($1,000 × 8.80%) | |
| = | $1,088 |
Example 3: The level of the Underlying decreases by 60% from the Initial Level to the Final Level. Because the Final Level has decreased from the Initial Level by 60%, a Knock-Out Event has occurred and the investor receives a payment at maturity of $400 per $1,000 principal amount of notes, calculated as follows:
| Payment at maturity | = | $1,000 + ($1,000 × Underlying Return) |
| = | $1,000 + ($1,000 × -60%) | |
| = | $400 |
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Selected Risk Considerations
An investment in the notes involves significant risks. Investing in the notes is not equivalent to investing directly in the Underlying or in any futures contracts or exchange-traded or over-the-counter instruments based on, or other instruments linked to the Underlying. These risks are explained in more detail in the “Risk Factors” section of the accompanying product supplement.
| • | YOUR INVESTMENT IN THE NOTES MAY RESULT IN A LOSS — The notes do not guarantee any return of your principal amount. You could lose up to $1,000 per $1,000 principal amount of notes. If a Knock-Out Event occurs, you will lose 1% of your principal for each 1% decline in the Final Level as compared to the Initial Level. Any payment on the notes is subject to our ability to pay our obligations as they become due. |
| • | REGARDLESS OF THE AMOUNT OF ANY PAYMENT YOU RECEIVE ON THE NOTES, YOUR ACTUAL YIELD MAY BE DIFFERENT IN REAL VALUE TERMS — Inflation may cause the real value of any payment you receive on the notes to be less at maturity than it is at the time you invest. An investment in the notes also represents a forgone opportunity to invest in an alternative asset that generates a higher real return. You should carefully consider whether an investment that may result in a return that is lower than the return on alternative investments is appropriate for you. |
| • | THE NOTES DO NOT PAY INTEREST — We will not pay interest on the notes. You may receive less at maturity than you could have earned on ordinary interest-bearing debt securities with similar maturities, including other of our debt securities, since the Payment at Maturity is based on the performance of the Underlying. Because the payment due at maturity may be less than the amount originally invested in the notes, the return on the notes (the effective yield to maturity) may be negative. Even if it is positive, the return payable on the notes may not be enough to compensate you for any loss in value due to inflation and other factors relating to the value of money over time. |
| · | THE NOTES ARE SUBJECT TO THE CREDIT RISK OF CREDIT SUISSE — Investors are dependent on our ability to pay all amounts due on the notes and, therefore, if we were to default on our obligations, you may not receive any amounts owed to you under the notes. In addition, any decline in our credit ratings, any adverse changes in the market’s view of our creditworthiness or any increase in our credit spreads is likely to adversely affect the value of the notes prior to maturity. |
| · | THE AVERAGING CONVENTION USED TO CALCULATE THE FINAL LEVEL COULD LIMIT RETURNS — Your investment in the notes may not perform as well as an investment in an instrument that measures the point-to-point performance of the Underlying from the Pricing Date to the Final Valuation Date (subject to the Fixed Payment Percentage). Your ability to receive a return equal to the Fixed Payment Percentage may be limited by the 5-day-end-of-term averaging used to calculate the Final Level, especially if there is a significant increase in the closing level of the Underlying on the Final Valuation Date. Accordingly, you may not receive the benefit of the full appreciation of the Underlying, if any, between the Pricing Date and the Final Valuation Date. |
| · | THE PROBABILITY THAT THE FINAL LEVEL WILL BE LESS THAN THE INITIAL LEVEL BY MORE THAN THE KNOCK-OUT BUFFER AMOUNT WILL DEPEND ON THE VOLATILITY OF THE UNDERLYING—“Volatility” refers to the frequency and magnitude of changes in the level of the Underlying. The greater the expected volatility with respect to the Underlying on the Pricing Date, the higher the expectation as of the Pricing Date that the Final Level could be less than the Initial Level by more than the Knock-Out Buffer Amount, indicating a higher expected risk of loss on the notes. The terms of the notes are set, in part, based on expectations about the volatility of the Underlying as of the Pricing Date. The volatility of the Underlying can change significantly over the term of the notes. The level of the Underlying could fall sharply, which could result in a significant loss of principal. You should be willing to accept the downside market risk of the Underlying and the potential to lose a significant amount of your principal at maturity. |
| · | LIMITED APPRECIATION POTENTIAL — If a Knock-Out Event does not occur, for each $1,000 principal amount of notes, you will be entitled to receive at maturity $1,000 plus $1,000 multiplied by the Fixed Payment Percentage. Accordingly, the maximum Payment at Maturity is expected to be $1,088 per $1,000 principal amount of notes (to be determined on the Pricing Date), regardless of the appreciation in the level of the Underlying, which may be significant. |
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| · | THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES ON THE PRICING DATE MAY BE LESS THAN THE PRICE TO PUBLIC — The initial estimated value of your notes on the Pricing Date (as determined by reference to our pricing models and our internal funding rate) may be significantly less than the original Price to Public. The Price to Public of the notes includes any discounts or commissions as well as transaction costs such as expenses incurred to create, document and market the notes and the cost of hedging our risks as issuer of the notes through one or more of our affiliates (which includes a projected profit). These costs will be effectively borne by you as an investor in the notes. These amounts will be retained by Credit Suisse or our affiliates in connection with our structuring and offering of the notes (except to the extent discounts or commissions are reallowed to other broker-dealers or any costs are paid to third parties). On the Pricing Date, we value the components of the notes in accordance with our pricing models. These include a fixed income component valued using our internal funding rate, and individual option components valued using mid-market pricing. As such, the payout on the notes can be replicated using a combination of these components and the value of these components, as determined by us using our pricing models, will impact the terms of the notes at issuance. Our option valuation models are proprietary. Our pricing models take into account factors such as interest rates, volatility and time to maturity of the notes, and they rely in part on certain assumptions about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. |
Because Credit Suisse’s pricing models may differ from other issuers’ valuation models, and because funding rates taken into account by other issuers may vary materially from the rates used by Credit Suisse (even among issuers with similar creditworthiness), our estimated value at any time may not be comparable to estimated values of similar notes of other issuers.
| · | EFFECT OF INTEREST RATE USED IN STRUCTURING THE notes — The internal funding rate we use in structuring notes such as these notes is typically lower than the interest rate that is reflected in the yield on our conventional debt securities of similar maturity in the secondary market (our “secondary market credit spreads”). If on the Pricing Date our internal funding rate is lower than our secondary market credit spreads, we expect that the economic terms of the notes will generally be less favorable to you than they would have been if our secondary market credit spread had been used in structuring the notes. We will also use our internal funding rate to determine the price of the notes if we post a bid to repurchase your notes in secondary market transactions. See “—Secondary Market Prices” below. |
| • | SECONDARY MARKET PRICES — If Credit Suisse (or an affiliate) bids for your notes in secondary market transactions, which we are not obligated to do, the secondary market price (and the value used for account statements or otherwise) may be higher or lower than the Price to Public and the estimated value of the notes on the Pricing Date. The estimated value of the notes on the cover of this pricing supplement does not represent a minimum price at which we would be willing to buy the notes in the secondary market (if any exists) at any time. The secondary market price of your notes at any time cannot be predicted and will reflect the then-current estimated value determined by reference to our pricing models and other factors. These other factors include our internal funding rate, customary bid and ask spreads and other transaction costs, changes in market conditions and any deterioration or improvement in our creditworthiness. In circumstances where our internal funding rate is lower than our secondary market credit spreads, our secondary market bid for your notes could be more favorable than what other dealers might bid because, assuming all else equal, we use the lower internal funding rate to price the notes and other dealers might use the higher secondary market credit spread to price them. Furthermore, assuming no change in market conditions from the Pricing Date, the secondary market price of your notes will be lower than the Price to Public because it will not include any discounts or commissions and hedging and other transaction costs. If you sell your notes to a dealer in a secondary market transaction, the dealer may impose an additional discount or commission, and as a result the price you receive on your notes may be lower than the price at which we may repurchase the notes from such dealer. We (or an affiliate) may initially post a bid to repurchase the notes from you at a price that will exceed the then-current estimated value of the notes. That higher price reflects our projected profit and costs that were included in the Price to Public, and that higher price may also be initially used for account statements or otherwise. We (or our affiliate) may offer to pay this higher price, for your benefit, but the amount of any excess over the then-current estimated value will be temporary and is expected to decline over a period of approximately 90 days. |
5
The notes are not designed to be short-term trading instruments and any sale prior to maturity could result in a substantial loss to you. You should be willing and able to hold your notes to maturity.
| · | CREDIT SUISSE IS SUBJECT TO SWISS REGULATION — As a Swiss bank, Credit Suisse is subject to regulation by governmental agencies, supervisory authorities and self-regulatory organizations in Switzerland. Such regulation is increasingly more extensive and complex and subjects Credit Suisse to risks. For example, pursuant to Swiss banking laws, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA) may open resolution proceedings if there are justified concerns that Credit Suisse is over-indebted, has serious liquidity problems or no longer fulfills capital adequacy requirements. FINMA has broad powers and discretion in the case of resolution proceedings, which include the power to convert debt instruments and other liabilities of Credit Suisse into equity and/or cancel such liabilities in whole or in part. If one or more of these measures were imposed, such measures may adversely affect the terms and market value of the notes and/or the ability of Credit Suisse to make payments thereunder and you may not receive any amounts owed to you under the notes. |
| · | POTENTIAL CONFLICTS — We and our affiliates play a variety of roles in connection with the issuance of the notes, including acting as calculation agent, hedging our obligations under the notes and determining their estimated value. In performing these duties, the economic interests of us and our affiliates are potentially adverse to your interests as an investor in the notes. Further, hedging activities may adversely affect any payment on or the value of the notes. Any profit in connection with such hedging activities will be in addition to any other compensation that we and our affiliates receive for the sale of the notes, which creates an additional incentive to sell the notes to you. |
| • | LACK OF LIQUIDITY — The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. Credit Suisse (or its affiliates) intends to offer to purchase the notes in the secondary market but is not required to do so. Even if there is a secondary market, it may not provide enough liquidity to allow you to trade or sell the notes when you wish to do so. Because other dealers are not likely to make a secondary market for the notes, the price at which you may be able to trade your notes is likely to depend on the price, if any, at which Credit Suisse (or its affiliates) is willing to buy the notes. If you have to sell your notes prior to maturity, you may not be able to do so, or you may have to sell them at a substantial loss. |
| · | UNPREDICTABLE ECONOMIC AND MARKET FACTORS WILL AFFECT THE VALUE OF THE NOTES – The payout on the notes can be replicated using a combination of the components described in “The estimated value of the notes on the Pricing Date may be less than the Price to Public.” Therefore, in addition to the level of the Underlying, the terms of the notes at issuance and the value of the notes prior to maturity may be influenced by factors that impact the value of fixed income securities and options in general such as: |
| • | the expected and actual volatility of the Underlying; |
| • | the time to maturity of the notes; |
| • | the dividend rate on the equity securities included in the Underlying; |
| • | interest and yield rates in the market generally; |
| • | investors’ expectations with respect to the rate of inflation; |
| • | geopolitical conditions and economic, financial, political, regulatory or judicial events that affect the components included in the Underlying or markets generally and which may affect the level of the Underlying; and |
| • | our creditworthiness, including actual or anticipated downgrades in our credit ratings. |
Some or all of these factors may influence the price that you will receive if you choose to sell your notes prior to maturity. The impact of any of the factors set forth above may enhance or offset some or all of any change resulting from another factor or factors.
| • | NO OWNERSHIP RIGHTS RELATING TO THE UNDERLYING — Your return on the notes will not reflect the return you would realize if you actually owned the equity securities that comprise the |
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Underlying. The return on your investment is not the same as the total return based on the purchase of shares of the equity securities that comprise the Underlying.
| • | NO DIVIDEND PAYMENTS OR VOTING RIGHTS — As a holder of the notes, you will not have voting rights or rights to receive cash dividends or other distributions or other rights with respect to the equity securities that comprise the Underlying. |
7
Supplemental Use of Proceeds and Hedging
We intend to use the proceeds of this offering for our general corporate purposes, which may include the refinancing of existing debt outside Switzerland. Some or all of the proceeds we receive from the sale of the notes may be used in connection with hedging our obligations under the notes through one or more of our affiliates. Such hedging or trading activities on or prior to the Pricing Date and during the term of the notes (including on any of the Valuation Dates) could adversely affect the value of the Underlying and, as a result, could decrease the amount you may receive on the notes at maturity. For additional information, see “Supplemental Use of Proceeds and Hedging” in the accompanying product supplement.
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Historical Information
The following graph sets forth the historical performance of the Underlying based on the closing levels of the Underlying from January 3, 2011 through October 28, 2016. The closing level of the Underlying on October 28, 2016 was 2126.41. We obtained the historical information below from Bloomberg, without independent verification. The price source for determining the Final Level will be the Bloomberg page “SPX <Index>” or any successor page.
The historical levels of the Underlying should not be taken as an indication of future performance, and no assurance can be given as to the closing level of the Underlying on any of the Valuation Dates. We cannot give you assurance that the performance of the Underlying will result in the return of any of your initial investment.
For additional information about the Underlying, see the information set forth under “The Reference Indices—The S&P Dow Jones Indices—The S&P 500® Index” in the accompanying underlying supplement.
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Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations
The following discussion summarizes material U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of the notes that may be relevant to holders of the notes that acquire their notes from us as part of the original issuance of the notes. This discussion applies only to holders that hold their notes as capital assets within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Further, this discussion does not address all of the U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to you in light of your individual circumstances or if you are subject to special rules, such as if you are:
| · | a financial institution, |
| · | a mutual fund, |
| · | a tax-exempt organization, |
| · | a grantor trust, |
| · | certain U.S. expatriates, |
| · | an insurance company, |
| · | a dealer or trader in securities or foreign currencies, |
| · | a person (including traders in securities) using a mark-to-market method of accounting, |
| · | a person who holds the notes as a hedge or as part of a straddle with another position, constructive sale, conversion transaction or other integrated transaction, or |
| · | an entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. |
The discussion is based upon the Code, law, regulations, rulings and decisions, in each case, as available and in effect as of the date hereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. Tax consequences under state, local and foreign laws are not addressed herein. No ruling from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) has been sought as to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of the notes, and the following discussion is not binding on the IRS.
You should consult your tax advisor as to the specific tax consequences to you of owning and disposing of the notes, including the application of federal, state, local and foreign income and other tax laws based on your particular facts and circumstances.
Characterization of the Notes
There are no statutory provisions, regulations, published rulings, or judicial decisions addressing the characterization for U.S. federal income tax purposes of securities with terms that are substantially the same as those of your notes. Thus, the characterization of the notes is not certain. Our special tax counsel, Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP, has advised that the notes should be treated, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as prepaid financial contracts, with respect to the Underlying that are eligible for open transaction treatment. In the absence of an administrative or judicial ruling to the contrary, we and, by acceptance of the notes, you agree to treat the notes for all tax purposes in accordance with such characterization. In light of the fact that we agree to treat the notes as prepaid financial contracts, the balance of this discussion assumes that the notes will be so treated.
You should be aware that the characterization of the notes as described above is not certain, nor is it binding on the IRS or the courts. Thus, it is possible that the IRS would seek to characterize your notes in a manner that results in tax consequences to you that are different from those described below. For example, the IRS might assert that securities with a term of more than one year constitute debt instruments that are “contingent payment debt instruments” that are subject to special tax rules under the applicable Treasury regulations governing the recognition of income over the term of your notes. If the notes were to be treated as contingent payment debt instruments, you would be required to include in income on an economic accrual basis over the term of the notes an amount of interest that is based upon the yield at which we would issue a non-contingent fixed-rate debt instrument with other terms and conditions similar to your notes (the comparable yield). The characterization of the securities as contingent payment debt instruments under these rules is likely to be adverse. However, if the notes had a term of one year or less, the rules for short-term debt obligations would apply rather than the rules for contingent payment debt instruments. Under Treasury regulations, a short-term debt obligation is treated as issued at a discount equal to the difference between all payments on the obligation and the obligation’s issue
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price. A cash method U.S. Holder that does not elect to accrue the discount in income currently should include the payments attributable to interest on the notes as income upon receipt. Under these rules, any contingent payment would be taxable upon receipt by a cash basis taxpayer as ordinary interest income. You should consult your tax advisor regarding the possible tax consequences of characterization of the notes as debt instruments. It is also possible that the IRS would seek to characterize your notes as options, and thus as Code section 1256 contracts in the event that they are listed on a securities exchange. In such case, the notes would be marked-to-market at the end of the year and 40% of any gain or loss would be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, and the remaining 60% of any gain or loss would be treated as long-term capital gain or loss. We are not responsible for any adverse consequences that you may experience as a result of any alternative characterization of the notes for U.S. federal income tax or other tax purposes.
You should consult your tax advisor as to the tax consequences of such characterization and any possible alternative characterizations of your notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
U.S. Holders
For purposes of this discussion, the term “U.S. Holder,” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, means a beneficial owner of securities that is (1) a citizen or resident of the United States, (2) a corporation (or an entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia, (3) an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, or (4) a trust, if (a) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (b) such trust has in effect a valid election to be treated as a domestic trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If a partnership (or an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds securities, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of such partnership and a partner in such partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partnership, or a partner of a partnership, holding securities, you should consult your tax advisor regarding the tax consequences to you from the partnership’s purchase, ownership and disposition of the notes.
In accordance with the agreed-upon tax treatment described above, if the security provides for the payment of the redemption amount in cash based on the return of the Underlying, upon receipt of the redemption amount of the security from us, a U.S. Holder will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount of cash received from us and the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the security at that time. For securities with a term of more than one year (excluding the look back observation period, if applicable), such gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder has held the security for more than one year at maturity. For securities with a term of one year or less (excluding the look back observation period, if applicable), such gain or loss will be short-term capital gain or loss. If the security provides for the payment of the redemption amount in physical shares or units of the Underlying, the U.S. Holder should not recognize any gain or loss with respect to the security (other than with respect to cash received in lieu of fractional shares or units, as described below). A U.S. Holder should have a tax basis in all physical shares or units received (including for this purpose any fractional shares or units) equal to its tax basis in the security (generally its cost). A U.S. Holder’s holding period for any physical shares or units received should start on the day after the delivery of the physical shares or units. A U.S. Holder should generally recognize short-term capital gain or loss with respect to cash received in lieu of fractional shares or units in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of such cash received and the U.S. Holder’s basis in the fractional shares or units, which should be equal to the U.S. Holder’s basis in all of the physical shares or units (including the fractional shares or units), multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the fractional shares or units and the denominator of which is all of the physical shares or units (including fractional shares or units).
Upon the sale or other taxable disposition of a security, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale or other taxable disposition and the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the security (generally its cost). For securities with a term of more than one year, such gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder has held the security for more than one year (excluding the look back observation period, if applicable) at the time of disposition. For securities with a term of one year or less (excluding the look back observation period, if applicable), such gain or loss will be short-term capital gain or loss.
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Medicare Tax
Certain U.S. Holders that are individuals, estates, and trusts must pay a 3.8% tax (the “Medicare Tax”) on the lesser of the U.S. Holder’s (1) “net investment income” or “undistributed net investment income” in the case of an estate or trust and (2) the excess of modified adjusted gross income over a certain specified threshold for the taxable year. “Net investment income” generally includes income from interest, dividends, and net gains from the disposition of property (such as the notes) unless such income or net gains are derived in the ordinary course of a trade or business (other than a trade or business that is a passive activity with respect to the taxpayer or a trade or business of trading in financial instruments or commodities). Net investment income may be reduced by allowable deductions properly allocable to such gross income or net gain. Any interest earned or deemed earned on the notes and any gain on sale or other taxable disposition of the notes will be subject to the Medicare Tax. If you are an individual, estate, or trust, you should consult with your tax advisor regarding application of the Medicare Tax to your income and gains in respect of your investment in the notes.
Securities Held Through Foreign Entities
Under certain provisions of the “Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act,” generally referred to as “FATCA,” and regulations thereunder, a 30% withholding tax is imposed on “withholdable payments” and certain “passthru payments” made to “foreign financial institutions” (as defined in the regulations or an applicable intergovernmental agreement) (and their more than 50% affiliates) unless the payee foreign financial institution agrees, among other things, to disclose the identity of any U.S. individual with an account at the institution (or the institution’s affiliates) and to annually report certain information about such account. The term “withholdable payments” generally includes (1) payments of fixed or determinable annual or periodical gains, profits, and income (“FDAP”), in each case, from sources within the United States, and (2) gross proceeds from the sale of any property of a type which can produce interest or dividends from sources within the United States. “Passthru payments” means any withholdable payment and any foreign passthru payment. To avoid becoming subject to the 30% withholding tax on payments to them, we and other foreign financial institutions may be required to report information to the IRS regarding the holders of the notes and, in the case of holders who (i) fail to provide the relevant information, (ii) are foreign financial institutions who have not agreed to comply with these information reporting requirements, or (iii) hold the notes directly or indirectly through such non-compliant foreign financial institutions, we may be required to withhold on a portion of payments under the notes. FATCA also requires withholding agents making withholdable payments to certain foreign entities that do not disclose the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of any substantial U.S. owners (or certify that they do not have any substantial U.S. owners) to withhold tax at a rate of 30%. If payments on the notes are determined to be from sources within the United States, we will treat such payments as withholdable payments for these purposes.
Withholding under FATCA will apply to all withholdable payments and certain passthru payments without regard to whether the beneficial owner of the payment is a U.S. person, or would otherwise be entitled to an exemption from the imposition of withholding tax pursuant to an applicable tax treaty with the United States or pursuant to U.S. domestic law. Unless a foreign financial institution is the beneficial owner of a payment, it will be subject to refund or credit in accordance with the same procedures and limitations applicable to other taxes withheld on FDAP payments provided that the beneficial owner of the payment furnishes such information as the IRS determines is necessary to determine whether such beneficial owner is a U.S. owned foreign entity and the identity of any substantial U.S. owners of such entity.
Pursuant to the regulations described above and IRS Notice 2015-66, and subject to the exceptions described below, FATCA’s withholding regime generally will apply to (i) withholdable payments (other than gross proceeds of the type described above and certain payments made with respect to a “preexisting obligation,” as defined in the regulations), (ii) payments of gross proceeds of the type described above with respect to a sale or disposition occurring after December 31, 2018, and (iii) foreign passthru payments made after the later of December 31, 2018, or the date that final regulations defining the term “foreign passthru payment” are published. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provisions of FATCA discussed above generally will not apply to (a) any obligation (other than an instrument that is treated as equity for U.S. tax purposes or that lacks a stated expiration or term) that is outstanding on July 1, 2014 (a “grandfathered obligation”), (b) any obligation that produces withholdable payments solely because the obligation is treated as giving rise to a dividend equivalent pursuant to Code section 871(m) and the regulations thereunder that is outstanding at any point prior to six months after the date on which obligations of its type are first treated as giving rise to dividend equivalents, and (c) any agreement requiring a secured party to make payments with respect to collateral securing one or more grandfathered obligations (even if the collateral is not itself a grandfathered obligation). Thus, if you hold your notes through a
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foreign financial institution or foreign entity, a portion of any of your payments may be subject to 30% withholding.
Information Reporting Regarding Specified Foreign Financial Assets
The Code and regulations thereunder generally require individual U.S. Holders (“specified individuals”) and “specified domestic entities” with an interest in any “specified foreign financial asset” to file an annual report on IRS Form 8938 with information relating to the asset, including the maximum value thereof, for any taxable year in which the aggregate value of all such assets is greater than $50,000 on the last day of the taxable year or $75,000 at any time during the taxable year. Certain individuals are permitted to have an interest in a higher aggregate value of such assets before being required to file a report. Specified foreign financial assets include, with some limited exceptions, any financial account maintained at a foreign financial institution and any debt or equity interest in a foreign financial institution, including a financial institution organized under the laws of a U.S. possession, and any of the following that are held for investment and not held in an account maintained by a financial institution: (1) any stock or security issued by person other than a U.S. person (including a person organized in a U.S. possession), (2) any financial instrument or contract that has an issuer or counterparty that is other than a U.S. person (including a person organized in a U.S. possession), and (3) any interest in a foreign entity. Additionally, the regulations provide that specified foreign financial assets include certain retirement and pension accounts and non-retirement savings accounts.
Under proposed regulations relating to specified domestic entities that have not yet been adopted as final regulations, “specified domestic entities” are domestic entities that are formed or used for the purposes of holding, directly or indirectly, specified foreign financial assets. Generally, specified domestic entities are certain closely held corporations and partnerships that meet passive income or passive asset tests and, with certain exceptions, domestic trusts that have a specified individual as a current beneficiary and exceed the reporting threshold. Pursuant to an IRS Notice, reporting by domestic entities of interests in specified foreign financial assets will not be required before the date specified by final regulations.
Depending on the aggregate value of your investment in specified foreign financial assets, you may be obligated to file an IRS Form 8938 under this provision if you are an individual U.S. Holder. Penalties apply to any failure to file IRS Form 8938. In the event a U.S. Holder (either a specified individual or specified domestic entity) does not file such form, the statute of limitations on the assessment and collection of U.S. federal income taxes of such U.S. Holder for the related tax year may not close before the date which is three years after the date such information is filed. You should consult your tax advisor as to the possible application to you of this information reporting requirement and the related statute of limitations tolling provision.
Non-U.S. Holders Generally
Except as provided under “Securities Held Through Foreign Entities” and “Substitute Dividend and Dividend Equivalent Payments,” payments made with respect to the notes to a holder of the notes that is not a U.S. Holder (a “Non-U.S. Holder”) and that has no connection with the United States other than holding its securities will not be subject to U.S. withholding tax, provided that such Non-U.S. Holder complies with applicable certification requirements. Any gain realized upon the sale or other disposition of the notes by a Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless (1) such gain is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of such Non-U.S. Holder or (2) in the case of an individual, such individual is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met. Any effectively connected gains described in clause (1) above realized by a Non-U.S. Holder that is, or is taxable as, a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes may also, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional branch profits tax at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty.
Non-U.S. Holders that are subject to U.S. federal income taxation on a net income basis with respect to their investment in the notes should refer to the discussion above relating to U.S. Holders.
Substitute Dividend and Dividend Equivalent Payments
The Code and regulations thereunder treat a “dividend equivalent” payment as a dividend from sources within the United States. Unless reduced by an applicable tax treaty with the United States, such payments generally will be subject to U.S. withholding tax. A “dividend equivalent” payment is defined under the Code as (i) a substitute dividend payment made pursuant to a securities lending or a sale-repurchase transaction that (directly or
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indirectly) is contingent upon, or determined by reference to, the payment of a dividend from sources within the United States, (ii) a payment made pursuant to a “specified notional principal contract” (a “specified NPC”) that (directly or indirectly) is contingent upon, or determined by reference to, the payment of a dividend from sources within the United States, and (iii) any other payment determined by the IRS to be substantially similar to a payment described in the preceding clauses (i) and (ii).
Final regulations provide that a dividend equivalent is any payment that references the payment of (i) a dividend from an underlying security pursuant to a securities lending or sale-repurchase transaction, (ii) a dividend from an underlying security pursuant to a specified NPC, (iii) a dividend from an underlying security pursuant to a specified equity-linked instrument (a “specified ELI”), and (iv) any other substantially similar payment. An underlying security is any interest in an entity if a payment with respect to that interest could give rise to a U.S. source dividend pursuant to Treasury regulation section 1.861-3. An NPC is a notional principal contract as defined in Treasury regulation section 1.446-3(c). An equity-linked instrument (“ELI”) is a financial instrument (other than a securities lending or sale-repurchase transaction or an NPC) that references the value of one or more underlying securities, including a futures contract, forward contract, option, debt instrument, or other contractual arrangement. A “section 871(m) transaction” is any securities lending or sale-repurchase transaction, specified NPC, or specified ELI.
For payments made before January 1, 2017, the regulations provide that a specified NPC is any notional principal contract (“NPC”) if (a) in connection with entering into the contract, any long party to the contract transfers the underlying security to any short party to the contract, (b) in connection with the termination of the contract, any short party to the contract transfers the underlying security to any long party to the contract, (c) the underlying security is not readily tradable on an established securities market, or (d) in connection with entering into the contract, the underlying security is posted as collateral by any short party to the contract with any long party to the contract. An NPC that is treated as a specified NPC pursuant to the preceding rule will remain a specified NPC on or after January 1, 2017. For any payment made on or after January 1, 2017, with respect to any transaction issued on or after January 1, 2017, (a) a “simple” NPC or “simple” ELI that has a delta of 0.8 or greater with respect to an underlying security when the NPC or ELI is issued is a specified NPC or specified ELI, respectively, and (b) a “complex” NPC or “complex” ELI that meets a substantial equivalence test with respect to an underlying security at the time of issuance is a specified NPC or specified ELI, respectively.
A “simple” NPC or “simple” ELI is an NPC or ELI for which, with respect to each underlying security, (i) all amounts to be paid or received on maturity, exercise, or any other payment determination date are calculated by reference to the appropriate single, fixed number of shares of the underlying security, provided that the number of shares can be ascertained when the contract is issued, and (ii) the contract has a single maturity or exercise date with respect to which all amounts (other than any upfront payment or any periodic payments) are required to be calculated with respect to the underlying security. A contract has a single exercise date even though it may be exercised by the holder at any time on or before the stated expiration of the contract. An NPC or ELI that includes a term that discontinuously increases or decreases the amount paid or received (such as a digital option), or that accelerates or extends the maturity is not a simple ELI or simple NPC. A “complex” NPC or “complex” ELI is any NPC or ELI, respectively, that is not a simple NPC or a simple ELI, respectively. Delta is the ratio of the change in the fair market value of the contract to a small change in the fair market value of the number of shares of the underlying security.
Under temporary regulations, the substantial equivalence test measures the change in value of a complex contract when the price of the underlying security referenced by that contract is hypothetically increased by one standard deviation or decreased by one standard deviation and compares the change in value with the change in value of the shares of the equity that would be held to hedge the complex contract over an increase or decrease in the price of the equity by one standard deviation. If the proportionate difference between (a) the change in value of the complex contract and (b) the change in value of its hedge, is no greater than the proportionate difference between (i) the change in value of a “benchmark simple contract” with respect to the same shares and (ii) the change in value of its hedge, then the complex contract is substantially equivalent to the underlying security and dividend equivalent payments with respect to it are subject to withholding. The “benchmark simple contract” is a closely comparable simple contract that, at the time the complex contract is issued, has a delta of 0.8, references the applicable underlying security referenced by the complex contract, and has the same maturity as the complex contract with respect to the applicable underlying security.
If an NPC or ELI contains more than one reference to a single underlying security, all references to that underlying security are taken into account in determining the delta with respect to that underlying security. If an
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NPC or ELI references more than one underlying security or other property, the delta with respect to each underlying security must be determined without taking into account any other underlying security or property. The regulations provide an exception for qualified indices that satisfy certain criteria. The regulations provide that a payment includes a dividend equivalent payment whether there is an explicit or implicit reference to a dividend with respect to the underlying security.
For securities issued or deemed issued on or after January 1, 2017, withholding on payments made on or after January 1, 2017 will be based on actual dividends or, if stated in writing on the issue date of the securities, on estimated dividends used in pricing the security. If an adjustment is made for the actual dividends, then the true-up payment (in addition to the estimated dividend) is added to the per-share dividend amount. If a transaction is a section 871(m) transaction, information regarding the amount of each dividend equivalent, the delta of the potential 871(m) transaction, the amount of any tax withheld and deposited, the estimated dividend amount and any other information necessary to apply the regulations will be provided as an attachment to this pricing supplement or on the Credit Suisse website.
In accordance with the applicable effective dates, we will treat any portion of a payment or deemed payment on a section 871(m) transaction (including, if appropriate, the payment of the purchase price) that is substantially similar to a dividend as a dividend equivalent, which will be subject to U.S. withholding tax unless reduced by an applicable tax treaty and a properly executed IRS Form W-8 (or other qualifying documentation) is provided. If withholding applies, we will not be required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts withheld. Transactions may be combined and treated as a section 871(m) transaction, creating liability for you, whether or not we withhold on a dividend equivalent. These final and temporary regulations are extremely complex. Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to them of these final and temporary regulations and whether payments or deemed payments on the notes constitute dividend equivalent payments.
U.S. Federal Estate Tax Treatment of Non-U.S. Holders
A note may be subject to U.S. federal estate tax if an individual Non-U.S. Holder holds the note at the time of his or her death. The gross estate of a Non-U.S. Holder domiciled outside the United States includes only property situated in the United States. Individual Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal estate tax consequences of holding the notes at death.
IRS Notice and Proposed Legislation on Certain Financial Transactions
In Notice 2008-2, the IRS and the Treasury Department stated they are considering issuing new regulations or other guidance on whether holders of an instrument such as the notes should be required to accrue income during the term of the instrument. The IRS and Treasury Department also requested taxpayer comments on (1) the appropriate method for accruing income or expense (e.g., a mark-to-market methodology or a method resembling the noncontingent bond method), (2) whether income and gain on such an instrument should be ordinary or capital, and (3) whether foreign holders should be subject to withholding tax on any deemed income accrual. Additionally, unofficial statements made by IRS officials have indicated that they will soon be addressing the treatment of prepaid forward contracts in proposed regulations.
Accordingly, it is possible that regulations or other guidance may be issued that require holders of the notes to recognize income in respect of the notes prior to receipt of any payments thereunder or sale thereof. Any regulations or other guidance that may be issued could result in income and gain (either at maturity or upon sale) in respect of the notes being treated as ordinary income. It is also possible that a Non-U.S. Holder of the notes could be subject to U.S. withholding tax in respect of the notes under such regulations or other guidance. It is not possible to determine whether such regulations or other guidance will apply to your notes (possibly on a retroactive basis). You are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding Notice 2008-2 and its possible impact on you.
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Members of Congress have from time to time proposed legislation relating to financial instruments, including legislation that would require holders to annually mark to market affected financial instruments (potentially including the notes). These or other potential changes in law could adversely affect the tax treatment of the notes and may be applied with retroactive effect. You are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding how any such potential changes in law could affect you.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
A holder of the notes (whether a U.S. Holder or a Non-U.S. Holder) may be subject to backup withholding with respect to certain amounts paid to such holder unless it provides a correct taxpayer identification number, complies with certain certification procedures establishing that it is not a U.S. Holder or establishes proof of another applicable exemption, and otherwise complies with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. You can claim a credit against your U.S. federal income tax liability for amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules, and amounts in excess of your liability are refundable if you provide the required information to the IRS in a timely fashion. A holder of the notes may also be subject to information reporting to the IRS with respect to certain amounts paid to such holder unless it (1) is a Non-U.S. Holder and provides a properly executed IRS Form W-8 (or other qualifying documentation) or (2) otherwise establishes a basis for exemption.
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Supplemental Plan of Distribution
Under the terms of distributor accession confirmations with JPMS LLC and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., each dated as of June 18, 2008, JPMS LLC and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. will act as placement agents for the notes. The placement agents will receive a fee from Credit Suisse or one of our affiliates that will not exceed $11.20 per $1,000 principal amount of notes and will forgo fees for sales to fiduciary accounts. For additional information, see “Underwriting (Conflicts of Interest)” in the accompanying product supplement.
We expect to deliver the notes against payment for the notes on the Settlement Date indicated herein, which may be a date that is greater than three business days following the Pricing Date. Under Rule 15c6-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in three business days, unless the parties to a trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, if the Settlement Date is more than three business days after the Pricing Date, purchasers who wish to transact in the notes more than three business days prior to the Settlement Date will be required to specify alternative settlement arrangements to prevent a failed settlement.
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Credit Suisse