Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans | 5) Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans The allowance for credit losses on loans was calculated by pooling loans of similar credit risk characteristics and credit monitoring procedures. The loan portfolio is classified into eight segments of loans - commercial, commercial real estate – owner occupied, commercial real estate – non-owner occupied, land and construction, home equity, multifamily, residential mortgage and consumer and other. The risk characteristics of each loan portfolio segment are as follows: Commercial Commercial loans primarily rely on the identified cash flows of the borrower for repayment and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. However, the cash flows of the borrowers may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may vary in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable, inventory or equipment and may incorporate a personal guarantee; however, some loans may be unsecured. Commercial Real Estate Commercial real estate loans rely primarily on the cash flows of the properties securing the loan and secondarily on the value of the property that is securing the loan. Commercial real estate loans comprise two segments differentiated by owner occupied commercial real estate and non-owner commercial real estate. Owner occupied commercial real estate loans are secured by commercial properties that are at least 50% occupied by the borrower or borrower affiliate. Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans are secured by commercial properties that are less than 50% occupied by the borrower or borrower affiliate. Commercial real estate loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Land and Construction Land and construction loans are generally based on estimates of costs and value associated with the complete project. Construction loans usually involve the disbursement of funds with repayment substantially dependent on the success of the completion of the project. Sources of repayment for these loans may be permanent loans from HBC or other lenders, or proceeds from the sales of the completed project. These loans are monitored by on-site inspections and are considered to have higher risk than other real estate loans due to the final repayment dependent on numerous factors including general economic conditions. Home Equity Home equity loans are secured by 1-4 family residences that are generally owner occupied. Repayment of these loans depends primarily on the personal income of the borrower and secondarily by the value of the property securing the loan which can be impacted by changes in economic conditions such as the unemployment rate and property values. Multifamily Multifamily loans are loans on 5+ residential properties. These loans rely primarily on the cash flows of the properties securing the loan for repayment and secondarily on the value of the properties securing the loan. The cash flows of these borrowers can fluctuate along with the values of the underlying property depending on general economic conditions. Residential Mortgages Residential mortgage loans are secured by 1-4 family residences which are generally owner-occupied. Repayment of these loans depends primarily on the personal income of the borrower and secondarily by the value of the property securing the loan which can be impacted by changes in economic conditions such as the unemployment rate and property values. Consumer and Other Consumer and other loans are secured by personal property or are unsecured and rely primarily on the income of the borrower for repayment and secondarily on the collateral value for secured loans. Borrower income and collateral value can vary dependent on economic conditions. Loans by portfolio segment and the allowance for credit losses on loans were as follows for the periods indicated: March 31, December 31, 2020 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Loans held-for-investment: Commercial $ 682,280 $ 603,345 Real estate: CRE - owner occupied 543,164 548,907 CRE - non-owner occupied 755,008 767,821 Land and construction 153,358 147,189 Home equity 117,768 151,775 Multifamily 172,875 180,623 Residential mortgages 96,271 100,759 Consumer and other 33,445 33,744 Loans 2,554,169 2,534,163 Deferred loan fees, net (258) (319) Loans, net of deferred fees 2,553,911 2,533,844 Allowance for credit losses on loans (1) (44,703) (23,285) Loans, net $ 2,509,208 $ 2,510,559 (1) Allowance for credit losses on loans at March 31, 2020, Allowance for loan losses for the prior periods The loss estimates for each segment are derived using a discounted cash flow analysis that incorporates a forecast of economic factors that have historic correlation to loan losses. The most significant economic factor used in the calculation of estimated loan losses is the California unemployment rate which is used for each segment. California GDP, and California retail trade earnings, California home price index, and a commercial real estate value index are secondary economic factors used with California unemployment rate in various loan segments. A four quarter forecast of each economic factor is used for each loan segment and the economic factors are assumed to revert to the historic mean over an eight quarter period after the four quarter forecast period. As of the CECL implementation date of January 1, 2020, the Company recognized an increase of $8,570,000 to its allowance for credit losses for loans. The majority of this increase is related to loan portfolios acquired in our recent acquisitions that under the previous methodology where reserves were covered by the purchase discount on acquired loans. The cumulative-effect adjustment as a result of the adoption of CECL was recorded, net of tax of $2,357,000, as a $6,062,000 reduction to retained earnings effective January 1, 2020. The provision for credit losses on loans was $13,270,000 for the first quarter 2020 which was primarily driven by a deteriorated economic forecast at March 31, 2020 compared to the economic forecast at January 1, 2020. At January 1, 2020 the forecast for California GDP for 2020 was an annual increase in the low single digits and the forecasted California unemployment rate for 2020 was in the mid single digits. The forecast at March 31, 2020 incorporates the impact of the Coronavirus pandemic and the California GDP forecast for 2020 was revised to negative low single digits and peak California unemployment in the low double digits. The total allowance for credit losses on loans at March 31, 2020 was $44,703,000. Changes in the allowance for credit losses on loans were as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2020: CRE CRE Owner Non-owner Land & Home Multi- Residential Consumer Commercial Occupied Occupied Construction Equity Family Mortgage and Other Total (Dollars in thousands) Beginning of period balance $ 10,453 $ 3,825 $ 3,760 $ 2,621 $ 2,244 $ 57 $ 243 $ 82 $ 23,285 Adoption of Topic 326 (3,663) 3,169 7,912 (1,163) (923) 1,196 435 1,607 8,570 Balance at adoption on January 1, 2020 6,790 6,994 11,672 1,458 1,321 1,253 678 1,689 31,855 Charge-offs (670) — — — — — — (3) (673) Recoveries 209 — — 19 23 — — — 251 Net (charge-offs) recoveries (461) — — 19 23 — — (3) (422) Provision for credit losses on loans 6,472 743 3,973 1,126 402 369 30 155 13,270 End of period balance $ 12,801 $ 7,737 $ 15,645 $ 2,603 $ 1,746 $ 1,622 $ 708 $ 1,841 $ 44,703 Changes in the allowance for loan losses were as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2019: Commercial Real Estate Consumer Total (Dollars in thousands) Beginning of period balance $ 17,061 $ 10,671 $ 116 $ 27,848 Charge-offs (226) — — (226) Recoveries 715 42 — 757 Net recoveries 489 42 — 531 Provision (credit) for loan losses (1,993) 958 (26) (1,061) End of period balance $ 15,557 $ 11,671 $ 90 $ 27,318 The following table presents the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment, based on the impairment method as follows at year‑end: December 31, 2019 Commercial Real Estate Consumer Total (Dollars in thousands) Allowance for loan losses: Ending allowance balance attributable to loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,835 $ — $ — $ 1,835 Collectively evaluated for impairment 8,618 12,750 82 21,450 Total allowance balance $ 10,453 $ 12,750 $ 82 $ 23,285 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 4,810 $ 5,454 $ — $ 10,264 Collectively evaluated for impairment 626,737 1,877,280 19,882 2,523,899 Total loan balance $ 631,547 $ 1,882,734 $ 19,882 $ 2,534,163 The following table presents the amortized cost basis of nonperforming loans and loans past due over 90 days and still accruing at March 31, 2020: Restructured Nonaccrual Nonaccrual and Loans with no with over 90 Days Allowance for Allowance for Past Due Credit Credit and Still Losses Losses Accruing Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 781 $ 1,827 $ 442 $ 3,050 Real estate: CRE - Owner Occupied 7,346 — — 7,346 CRE - Non-Owner Occupied — — — — Land and construction — — — — Home equity 126 — — 126 Multifamily — — — — Residential mortgages — — — — Consumer — 1,566 — 1,566 Total $ 8,253 $ 3,393 $ 442 $ 12,088 The following table presents nonperforming loans by class at December 31, 2019: Restructured and Loans over 90 Days Past Due and Still Nonaccrual Accruing Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 3,444 $ 1,153 $ 4,597 Real estate: CRE 5,094 — 5,094 Home equity 137 — 137 Total $ 8,675 $ 1,153 $ 9,828 The following tables presents the aging of past due loans by class for the periods indicated: March 31, 2020 30 - 59 60 - 89 90 Days or Days Days Greater Total Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 7,256 $ 1,130 $ 2,158 $ 10,544 $ 671,736 $ 682,280 Real estate: CRE - Owner Occupied 693 1,184 5,094 6,971 536,193 543,164 CRE - Non-Owner Occupied — — — — 755,008 755,008 Land and construction — — — — 153,358 153,358 Home equity 571 125 — 696 117,072 117,768 Multifamily — — — — 172,875 172,875 Residential mortgages — — — — 96,271 96,271 Consumer — — — — 33,445 33,445 Total $ 8,520 $ 2,439 $ 7,252 $ 18,211 $ 2,535,958 $ 2,554,169 December 31, 2019 30 - 59 60 - 89 90 Days or Days Days Greater Total Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 4,770 $ 2,097 $ 3,217 $ 10,084 $ 593,261 $ 603,345 Real estate: CRE - Owner Occupied — — 5,094 5,094 543,813 548,907 CRE - Non-Owner Occupied — — — — 767,821 767,821 Land and construction — — — — 147,189 147,189 Home equity — 137 — 137 151,638 151,775 Multifamily — — — — 180,623 180,623 Residential mortgages — — — — 100,759 100,759 Consumer — — — — 33,744 33,744 Total $ 4,770 $ 2,234 $ 8,311 $ 15,315 $ 2,518,848 $ 2,534,163 Past due loans 30 days or greater totaled $18,211,000 and $15,315,000 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, of which $7,711,000 and $7,413,000 were on nonaccrual, respectively. At March 31, 2020, there were also $3,935,000 of loans less than 30 days past due included in nonaccrual loans held-for-investment. At December 31, 2019, there were also $1,262,000 loans less than 30 days past due included in nonaccrual loans held-for-investment. Management’s classification of a loan as “nonaccrual” is an indication that there is reasonable doubt as to the full recovery of principal or interest on the loan. At that point, the Company stops accruing interest income, and reverses any uncollected interest that had been accrued as income. The Company begins recognizing interest income only as cash interest payments are received and it has been determined the collection of all outstanding principal is not in doubt. Credit Quality Indicators Concentrations of credit risk arise when a number of customers are engaged in similar business activities, or activities in the same geographic region, or have similar features that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in economic conditions. The Company’s loan portfolio is concentrated in commercial (primarily manufacturing, wholesale, and service) and real estate lending, with the remaining balance in consumer loans. While no specific industry concentration is considered significant, the Company’s lending operations are located in the Company’s market areas that are dependent on the technology and real estate industries and their supporting companies. Thus, the Company’s borrowers could be adversely impacted by a downturn in these sectors of the economy which could reduce the demand for loans and adversely impact the borrowers’ ability to repay their loans. The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, and other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. Nonclassified loans generally include those loans that are expected to be repaid in accordance with contractual loans terms. Loans categorized as special mention have potential weaknesses that may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the credit or inadequately protect the Company’s position at some future date. These loans pose elevated risk, but their weaknesses do not yet justify a substandard classification. Classified loans are those loans that are assigned a substandard, substandard-nonaccrual, or doubtful risk rating using the following Substandard. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well‑defined weakness or weaknesses that will jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Substandard‑Nonaccrual. Loans classified as substandard‑nonaccrual are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any, and it is probable that the Company will not receive payment of the full contractual principal and interest. Loans so classified have a well‑defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. In addition, the Company no longer accrues interest on the loan because of the underlying weaknesses. Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loss. Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectable or of so little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted. This classification does not necessarily mean that a loan has no recovery or salvage value; but rather, there is much doubt about whether, how much, or when the recovery would occur. Loans classified as loss are immediately charged off against the allowance for credit losses on loans. Therefore, there is no balance to report as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The following table presents term loans amortized cost by vintage and loan grade classification, and revolving loans amortized cost by loan grade classification. The loan grade classifications are based on the Bank’s internal loan grading methodology. Loan grade categories for doubtful and loss rated loans are not included on the table below as there are no loans with those grades at March 31, 2020. The vintage year represents the period the loan was originated or in the case of renewed loans, the period last renewed. The amortized balance is the loan balance less any deferred loan fees, or any purchase discounts, and plus any deferred loan costs or any loan purchase premiums. The loan categories are based on the loan segmentation in the Company's CECL reserve methodology based on loan purpose and type. Revolving Loans Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Originated Period Amortized 2015 and Cost 3/31/2020 12/31/2019 12/31/2018 12/31/2017 12/31/2016 Prior Basis Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial: Pass $ 64,965 $ 54,854 $ 37,330 $ 18,556 $ 12,307 $ 11,754 $ 348,529 $ 548,295 Watch 4,115 6,482 8,093 6,756 3,861 6,461 48,902 84,670 Special Mention 2,370 7,724 5,419 4,993 5,763 537 2,905 29,711 Substandard 55 368 23 519 2,890 107 13,034 16,996 Substandard-Nonaccrual 600 435 943 - 282 53 295 2,608 Total 72,105 69,863 51,808 30,824 25,103 18,912 413,665 682,280 CRE - Owner Occupied: Pass 31,231 87,203 73,534 66,267 53,059 137,935 16,604 465,833 Watch 5,216 6,901 9,735 8,204 5,020 20,652 - 55,728 Special Mention 334 769 235 2,850 550 4,377 - 9,115 Substandard - 510 - 3,440 720 472 - 5,142 Substandard-Nonaccrual - 265 - - - 7,081 - 7,346 Total 36,781 95,648 83,504 80,761 59,349 170,517 16,604 543,164 CRE - Non-Owner Occupied: Pass 57,046 152,841 90,155 123,087 69,165 237,623 3,577 733,494 Watch - 3,379 1,460 521 7,074 6,657 - 19,091 Special Mention - 61 - - - 1,373 - 1,434 Substandard - - - - - 989 - 989 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 57,046 156,281 91,615 123,608 76,239 246,642 3,577 755,008 Land and contruction: Pass 44,780 49,617 28,182 1,560 - 1,398 1,581 127,118 Watch 7,613 12,922 - - - - - 20,535 Special Mention 4,122 - - - - - - 4,122 Substandard 1,583 - - - - - - 1,583 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 58,098 62,539 28,182 1,560 - 1,398 1,581 153,358 Home equity: Pass - - 824 - - - 109,085 109,909 Watch - - - 281 - - 5,750 6,031 Special Mention - - - - - - 100 100 Substandard - - - - - 146 1,456 1,602 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - 126 - 126 Total - - 824 281 - 272 116,391 117,768 Multifamily: Pass 9,939 48,689 18,764 30,371 18,187 43,011 844 169,805 Watch - - - - 846 401 - 1,247 Special Mention - 1,225 - 598 - - - 1,823 Substandard - - - - - - - - Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 9,939 49,914 18,764 30,969 19,033 43,412 844 172,875 Residential mortgage: Pass 1,722 11,744 4,205 11,992 37,569 19,047 - 86,279 Watch - 439 1,688 - 1,912 1,846 - 5,885 Special Mention - 691 - 1,295 561 1,069 - 3,616 Substandard - 222 - - - 269 - 491 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 1,722 13,096 5,893 13,287 40,042 22,231 - 96,271 Consumer: Pass 15 2,980 1,589 24 14 1,051 24,941 30,614 Watch - 37 - - 131 - 1,013 1,181 Special Mention - 84 - - - - - 84 Substandard - - - - - - - - Substandard-Nonaccrual - - 1,566 - - - - 1,566 Total 15 3,101 3,155 24 145 1,051 25,954 33,445 Total loans $ 235,706 $ 450,442 $ 283,745 $ 281,314 $ 219,911 $ 504,435 $ 578,616 $ 2,554,169 The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by loan classification at March 31, 2020: Collateral Type Real Estate Business Property Assets Unsecured Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 1,600 $ 575 $ 1,252 $ 3,427 Real estate: - CRE - Owner Occupied 5,094 - - 5,094 CRE - Non-Owner Occupied - - - - Land and construction - - - - Home equity - - - - Multifamily - - - - Residential mortgages - - - - Consumer - - - - Total $ 6,694 $ 575 $ 1,252 $ 8,521 When management determines that foreclosures are probable, expected credit losses for collateral-dependent loans are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. The class of loan represents the primary collateral type associated with the loan. Significant quarter over quarter changes are reflective of changes in nonaccrual status and not necessarily associated with credit quality indicators like appraisal value. The following table details the allowance for loan losses and recorded investment in loans by loan classification as of December 31, 2019, as determined in accordance with ASC 310 prior to adoption of Topic 326: December 31, 2019 Allowance Unpaid for Loan Principal Recorded Losses Balance Investment Allocated (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Commercial $ 2,113 $ 2,113 $ — Real estate: CRE 5,094 5,094 — Home Equity 360 360 — Total with no related allowance recorded 7,567 7,567 — With an allowance recorded: Commercial 2,697 2,697 1,835 Total with an allowance recorded 2,697 2,697 1,835 Total $ 10,264 $ 10,264 $ 1,835 Classified loans were $39,603,000, or 0.97% of total assets, at March 31, 2020, compared to $25,200,000, or 0.81% of total assets, at March 31, 2019 and $32,579,000, or 0.79% of total assets, at December 31, 2019. The increase in classified assets for the first quarter of 2020, compared to the fourth quarter of 2019 was primarily due to two CRE secured and one commercial lending relationships that were move to classified assets during the first quarter of 2020. The book balance of troubled debt restructurings at March 31, 2020 was $1,015,000, which included $573,000 of nonaccrual loans and $442,000 of accruing loans. The book balance of troubled debt restructurings at December 31, 2019 was $1,039,000, which included $590,000 of nonaccrual loans and $449,000 of accruing loans. Approximately $12,000 and $20,000 of specific reserves were established with respect to these loans as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The following table presents loans by class modified as troubled debt restructurings for the periods indicated: During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 Pre-modification Post-modification Number Outstanding Outstanding of Recorded Recorded Troubled Debt Restructurings: Contracts Investment Investment (Dollars in thousands) Commercial 3 $ 13 $ 13 Real estate: CRE - owner occupied — — — CRE - non-owner occupied — — — Land and construction — — — Home equity — — — Multifamily — — — Residential mortgages — — — Consumer — — — Total 3 $ 13 $ 13 There were no new loans modified as troubled debt restructurings during the three months ended March 31, 2019. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, there were no new loans modified as troubled debt restructurings in which the amount of principal or accrued interest owed from the borrower was forgiven or which resulted in a charge-off or change to the allowance for credit losses on loans. A loan is considered to be in payment default when it is 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms. There were no defaults on troubled debt restructurings, within twelve months following the modification, during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. A loan that is a troubled debt restructuring on nonaccrual status may return to accruing status after a period of at least six months of consecutive payments in accordance with the modified terms. Following the passage of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) by Congress at the end of March, which included the $349 billion Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) to fund short-term loans for small businesses, on April 23, 2020, Congress passed the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act which included an additional $310 billion in funding for the PPP. The Company, which began taking loan applications from its small business clients immediately after the program began, received an overwhelming response. As of April 27, 2020, the Company had processed a total of 1,060 PPP loan applications with potential outstanding balances of $330 million. In addition, with the March 13, 2020 declaration of a National State of Emergency and passage of the CARES Act, on March 22, 2020, federal bank regulators announced guidance that offers temporary relief from troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) accounting for loan payment deferrals for certain customers whose businesses are experiencing economic hardship due to Coronavirus. In response to these customer’s needs, we have made accommodations for initial payment deferrals of up to 90 days with the potential for up to an additional 90 days, if requested and depending on the circumstances. All applicable fees have been waived. As of April 27, 2020, we had received 319 requests for payment deferrals, with balances totaling approximately $170 million, or 7%, of our loan portfolio ranging across many different industries but primarily for dentists and physicians ($35 million) and commercial real estate ($54 million). Substantially all loans to borrowers requesting deferrals were supported by personal guarantees. |