Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans | 4) Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans The allowance for credit losses on loans was calculated by pooling loans of similar credit risk characteristics and credit monitoring procedures. The loan portfolio is classified into eight segments of loans - commercial, commercial real estate – owner occupied, commercial real estate – non-owner occupied, land and construction, home equity, multifamily, residential mortgage and consumer and other. See Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Polices - Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Loans by portfolio segment and the allowance for credit losses on loans were as follows for the periods indicated: December 31, December 31, 2020 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Loans held-for-investment: Commercial $ 846,386 $ 603,345 Real estate: CRE - owner occupied 560,362 548,907 CRE - non-owner occupied 693,103 767,821 Land and construction 144,594 147,189 Home equity 111,885 151,775 Multifamily 166,425 180,623 Residential mortgages 85,116 100,759 Consumer and other 18,116 33,744 Loans 2,625,987 2,534,163 Deferred loan fees, net (6,726) (319) Loans, net of deferred fees 2,619,261 2,533,844 Allowance for credit losses on loans (1) (44,400) (23,285) Loans, net $ 2,574,861 $ 2,510,559 (1) Changes in the allowance for credit losses on loans were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2020 Owner Non-owner Land & Home Multi- Residential Consumer Commercial Occupied Occupied Construction Equity Family Mortgage and Other Total (Dollars in thousands) Beginning of period balance $ 10,453 $ 3,825 $ 3,760 $ 2,621 $ 2,244 $ 57 $ 243 $ 82 $ 23,285 Adoption of Topic 326 (3,663) 3,169 7,912 (1,163) (923) 1,196 435 1,607 8,570 Balance at adoption on January 1, 2020 6,790 6,994 11,672 1,458 1,321 1,253 678 1,689 31,855 Charge-offs (1,776) — — — — — — (104) (1,880) Recoveries 998 1 — 70 93 — — 30 1,192 Net (charge-offs) recoveries (778) 1 — 70 93 — — (74) (688) Provision (credit) for credit losses on loans 5,575 1,565 4,744 981 (117) 1,551 265 (1,331) 13,233 End of period balance $ 11,587 $ 8,560 $ 16,416 $ 2,509 $ 1,297 $ 2,804 $ 943 $ 284 $ 44,400 evaluated loans are combined to the allowance on pools of loans with similar risk characteristics to derive to total allowance for credit losses on loans. The increase in the allowance for credit loss and related provision during the year ended December 31, 2020 is primarily attributable to the change in projected economic conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, with elevated levels of unemployment being the most significant factor. Management has also considered other qualitative risks such as collateral values, concentrations of credit risk (geographic, large borrower, and industry), economic conditions, changes in underwriting standards, experience and depth of lending staff, trends in delinquencies, and the level of criticized loans to address asset-specific risks and current conditions that were not fully considered by the macroeconomic variables driving the quantitative estimate. Changes in the allowance for loan losses were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2019 Commercial Real Estate Consumer Total (Dollars in thousands) Beginning of period balance $ 17,061 $ 10,671 $ 116 $ 27,848 Charge-offs (6,609) — (14) (6,623) Recoveries 1,045 169 — 1,214 Net recoveries (5,564) 169 (14) (5,409) Provision (credit) for loan losses (1,044) 1,910 (20) 846 End of period balance $ 10,453 $ 12,750 $ 82 $ 23,285 Year Ended December 31, 2018 Commercial Real Estate Consumer Total (Dollars in thousands) Beginning of period balance $ 10,608 $ 8,950 $ 100 $ 19,658 Charge-offs (2,002) — (24) (2,026) Recoveries 2,645 150 — 2,795 Net recoveries 643 150 (24) 769 Provision for loan losses 5,810 1,571 40 7,421 End of period balance $ 17,061 $ 10,671 $ 116 $ 27,848 The following table presents the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment, based on the impairment method as follows at year-end: December 31, 2019 Consumer Commercial Real Estate and other Total (Dollars in thousands) Allowance for loan losses: Ending allowance balance attributable to loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,835 $ — $ — $ 1,835 Collectively evaluated for impairment 8,618 12,750 82 21,450 Total allowance balance $ 10,453 $ 12,750 $ 82 $ 23,285 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 4,810 $ 5,454 $ — $ 10,264 Collectively evaluated for impairment 598,535 1,891,620 33,744 2,523,899 Total loan balance $ 603,345 $ 1,897,074 $ 33,744 $ 2,534,163 The following table presents the amortized cost basis of nonaccrual loans and loans past due over 90 days and still accruing at December 31, 2020: Restructured Nonaccrual Nonaccrual and Loans with no Specific with Specific over 90 Days Allowance for Allowance for Past Due Credit Credit and Still Losses Losses Accruing Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 752 $ 1,974 $ 81 $ 2,807 Real estate: CRE - Owner Occupied 3,706 — — 3,706 Home equity 949 — — 949 Consumer and other 407 — 407 Total $ 5,814 $ 1,974 $ 81 $ 7,869 The following table presents nonperforming loans by class at December 31, 2019: Restructured and Loans over 90 Days Past Due and Still Nonaccrual Accruing Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 3,444 $ 1,153 $ 4,597 Real estate: CRE 5,094 — 5,094 Home equity 137 — 137 Total $ 8,675 $ 1,153 $ 9,828 The following tables presents the aging of past due loans by class for the periods indicated: December 31, 2020 30 - 59 60 - 89 90 Days or Days Days Greater Total Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 3,524 $ 259 $ 392 $ 4,175 $ 842,211 $ 846,386 Real estate: CRE - Owner Occupied 1,133 — 29 1,162 559,200 560,362 CRE - Non-Owner Occupied — 485 — 485 692,618 693,103 Land and construction — — — — 144,594 144,594 Home equity — — — 111,885 111,885 Multifamily — — — — 166,425 166,425 Residential mortgages — — — — 85,116 85,116 Consumer and other — — 407 407 17,709 18,116 Total $ 4,657 $ 744 $ 828 $ 6,229 $ 2,619,758 $ 2,625,987 December 31, 2019 30 - 59 60 - 89 90 Days or Days Days Greater Total Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 4,770 $ 2,097 $ 3,217 $ 10,084 $ 593,261 $ 603,345 Real estate: CRE - Owner Occupied — — 5,094 5,094 543,813 548,907 CRE - Non-Owner Occupied — — — — 767,821 767,821 Land and construction — — — — 147,189 147,189 Home equity — 137 — 137 151,638 151,775 Multifamily — — — — 180,623 180,623 Residential mortgages — — — — 100,759 100,759 Consumer and other — — — — 33,744 33,744 Total $ 4,770 $ 2,234 $ 8,311 $ 15,315 $ 2,518,848 $ 2,534,163 Past due loans 30 days or greater totaled $6,229,000 and $15,315,000 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, of which $1,918,000 and $7,413,000 were on nonaccrual. At December 31, 2020, there were also $5,870,000 loans less than 30 days past due included in nonaccrual loans held-for-investment. At December 31, 2019, there were also $1,262,000 loans less than 30 days past due included in nonaccrual loans held-for-investment. Management’s classification of a loan as “nonaccrual” is an indication that there is reasonable doubt as to the full recovery of principal or interest on the loan. At that point, the Company stops accruing interest income, and reverses any uncollected interest that had been accrued as income. The Company begins recognizing interest income only as cash interest payments are received and it has been determined the collection of all outstanding principal is not in doubt. Credit Quality Indicators Concentrations of credit risk arise when a number of customers are engaged in similar business activities, or activities in the same geographic region, or have similar features that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in economic conditions. The Company’s loan portfolio is concentrated in commercial (primarily manufacturing, wholesale, and service) and real estate lending, with the remaining balance in consumer loans. While no specific industry concentration is considered significant, the Company’s lending operations are located in the Company’s market areas that are dependent on the technology and real estate industries and their supporting companies. Thus, the Company’s borrowers could be adversely impacted by a downturn in these sectors of the economy which could reduce the demand for loans and adversely impact the borrowers’ ability to repay their loans. The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, and other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. Pass loans generally include those loans that are expected to be repaid in accordance with contractual loans terms. Loans not categorized as pass are assigned a rating using the following definitions: Special Mention. Substandard. Substandard-Nonaccrual. because of the underlying weaknesses. Doubtful. Loss. Loans may be reviewed at any time throughout a loan’s duration. If new information is provided, a new risk assessment may be performed if warranted. The following table presents term loans amortized cost by vintage and loan grade classification, and revolving loans amortized cost by loan grade classification. The loan grade classifications are based on the Bank’s internal loan grading methodology. Loan grade categories for doubtful and loss rated loans are not included on the table below as there are no loans with those grades at December 31, 2020. The vintage year represents the period the loan was originated or in the case of renewed loans, the period last renewed. The amortized balance is the loan balance less any purchase discounts, and plus any loan purchase premiums. The loan categories are based on the loan segmentation in the Company's CECL reserve methodology based on loan purpose and type. Revolving Loans Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Originated Period Amortized 2015 and Cost 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Basis Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial: Pass $ 431,369 $ 33,350 $ 21,154 $ 13,840 $ 7,341 $ 8,292 $ 296,286 $ 811,632 Special Mention 15,720 716 1,301 953 713 170 1,937 21,510 Substandard 4,036 - 19 758 2,396 73 3,236 10,518 Substandard-Nonaccrual 2,106 56 36 - 115 26 387 2,726 Total 453,231 34,122 22,510 15,551 10,565 8,561 301,846 846,386 CRE - Owner Occupied: Pass 168,224 73,064 68,068 51,705 50,716 109,350 15,964 537,091 Special Mention 3,151 2,568 4,128 783 - 2,569 - 13,199 Substandard 2,561 - 400 2,954 - 451 - 6,366 Substandard-Nonaccrual 3,678 - - - - 28 - 3,706 Total 177,614 75,632 72,596 55,442 50,716 112,398 15,964 560,362 CRE - Non-Owner Occupied: Pass 166,550 128,361 68,796 99,816 57,422 150,683 1,926 673,554 Special Mention 11,930 - 2,557 - - - - 14,487 Substandard 3,166 - 1,411 - 485 - - 5,062 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 181,646 128,361 72,764 99,816 57,907 150,683 1,926 693,103 Land and construction: Pass 114,932 22,054 - - - 1,343 4,906 143,235 Special Mention - - - - - - - - Substandard 1,359 - - - - - - 1,359 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 116,291 22,054 - - - 1,343 4,906 144,594 Home equity: Pass 266 - 74 - - - 109,848 110,188 Special Mention - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - 143 605 748 Substandard-Nonaccrual 117 - - - - - 832 949 Total 383 - 74 - - 143 111,285 111,885 Multifamily: Pass 31,481 39,183 17,248 24,572 16,235 30,751 880 160,350 Special Mention - - - - - 5,186 - 5,186 Substandard 889 - - - - - - 889 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 32,370 39,183 17,248 24,572 16,235 35,937 880 166,425 Residential mortgage: Pass 12,798 10,048 3,246 7,324 28,115 15,568 - 77,099 Special Mention 5,089 - 1,630 - - - 6,719 Substandard - - - - - 1,298 - 1,298 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 17,887 10,048 4,876 7,324 28,115 16,866 - 85,116 Consumer and other: Pass 10 522 1,486 20 116 987 14,568 17,709 Special Mention - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Substandard-Nonaccrual - - 407 - - - - 407 Total 10 522 1,893 20 116 987 14,568 18,116 Total loans $ 979,432 $ 309,922 $ 191,961 $ 202,725 $ 163,654 $ 326,918 $ 451,375 $ 2,625,987 Risk Grades:. Pass $ 925,630 $ 306,582 $ 180,072 $ 197,277 $ 159,945 $ 316,974 $ 444,378 $ 2,530,858 Special Mention 35,890 3,284 9,616 1,736 713 7,925 1,937 61,101 Substandard 12,011 - 1,830 3,712 2,881 1,965 3,841 26,240 Substandard-Nonaccrual 5,901 56 443 - 115 54 1,219 7,788 Grand Total $ 979,432 $ 309,922 $ 191,961 $ 202,725 $ 163,654 $ 326,918 $ 451,375 $ 2,625,987 The following table provides a summary of the loan portfolio by loan type and credit quality classification at December 31, 2019: December 31, 2019 Nonclassified Classified Total Commercial $ 599,143 4,202 $ 603,345 Real estate: CRE - Owner Occupied 538,229 10,678 548,907 CRE - Non-Owner Occupied 761,801 6,020 767,821 Land and construction 144,108 3,081 147,189 Home equity 149,131 2,644 151,775 Multifamily 180,623 — 180,623 Residential mortgages 100,262 497 100,759 Consumer and other 28,287 5,457 33,744 Total $ 2,501,584 $ 32,579 $ 2,534,163 Nonclassified loans include those rated as Pass or Special Mention using the definitions listed above. Classified loans are those rated Substandard, Substandard-Nonaccrual, Doubtful and Loss, using those definitions. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by loan classification at December 31, 2020: Collateral Type Real Estate Business Property Assets Unsecured Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 29 $ 1,815 $ 130 $ 1,974 Total $ 29 $ 1,815 $ 130 $ 1,974 When management determines that foreclosures are probable, expected credit losses for collateral-dependent loans are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. For loans which foreclosure is not probable, but for which repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, management has elected the practical expedient under ASC 326 to estimate expected credit losses based on the fair value of collateral, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. The class of loan represents the primary collateral type associated with the loan. Significant quarter over quarter changes are reflective of changes in nonaccrual status and not necessarily associated with credit quality indicators like appraisal value. The following table details the allowance for loan losses and recorded investment in loans individually evaluated for impairment by loan classification as of December 31, 2019, as determined in accordance with ASC 310 prior to adoption of Topic 326: Allowance Unpaid for Loan Principal Recorded Losses Balance Investment Allocated (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Commercial $ 2,113 $ 2,113 $ — Real estate: CRE 5,094 5,094 — Home Equity 360 360 — Total with no related allowance recorded 7,567 7,567 — With an allowance recorded: Commercial 2,697 2,697 1,835 Total with an allowance recorded 2,697 2,697 1,835 Total $ 10,264 $ 10,264 $ 1,835 The book balance of troubled debt restructurings at December 31, 2020 was $674,000, which included $468,000 of nonaccrual loans and $206,000 of accruing loans. The book balance of troubled debt restructurings at December 31, 2019 was $1,039,000, which included $590,000 of nonaccrual loans and $449,000 of accruing loans. Approximately $352,000 and $20,000 in specific reserves were established with respect to these loans as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had no additional amounts committed on any loan classified as a troubled debt restructuring. The following table presents loans by class modified as troubled debt restructurings for the periods indicated: During the Year Ended December 31, 2020 Pre-modification Post-modification Number Outstanding Outstanding of Recorded Recorded Troubled Debt Restructurings: Contracts Investment Investment (Dollars in thousands) Commercial 15 $ 630 $ 630 Total 15 $ 630 $ 630 During the Year Ended December 31, 2019 Pre-modification Post-modification Number Outstanding Outstanding of Recorded Recorded Troubled Debt Restructurings: Contracts Investment Investment (Dollars in thousands) Commercial 3 $ 591 $ 591 Total 3 $ 591 $ 591 There were 15 new loans with total recorded investment of $630,000 that were modified as troubled debt restructurings during the year ended December 31, 2020. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, there were debt restructurings in which the amount of principal or accrued interest owed from the borrower was forgiven or which resulted in a charge-off or change to the allowance for credit losses on loans. A loan is considered to be in payment default when it is 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms. There were no defaults on troubled debt restructurings, within twelve months following the modification, during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. A loan that is a troubled debt restructuring on nonaccrual status may return to accruing status after a period of at least six months of consecutive payments in accordance with the modified terms. On March 22, 2020, the Interagency Statement was issued by our banking regulators that encourages financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers who are or may be unable to meet their contractual payment obligations due to the effects of COVID-19. Additionally, Section 4013 of the CARES Act further provides that a qualified loan modification is exempt by law from classification as a TDR as defined by GAAP, from the period beginning March 1, 2020 until the earlier of December 31, 2020 or the date that is 60 days after the date on which the national emergency concerning the COVID-19 outbreak declared by the President of the United States under the National Emergencies Act terminates. The Interagency Statement was subsequently revised in April 2020 to clarify the interaction of the original guidance with Section 4013 of the CARES Act, as well as setting forth the banking regulators’ views on consumer protection considerations. Section 541 of the Consolidated Appropriations Act extends this relief to the earlier of January 1, 2022 or 60 days after the national emergency termination date. In accordance with such guidance, we are offering short-term modifications made in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who are current and otherwise not past due. These include short-term (180 days or less) modifications in the form of payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. The table below presents these loan deferrals by loan category: Underlying Collateral Business Real Assets Estate Total (in $000's, unaudited) Initial Deferments (1) $ - $ 1,573 $ 1,573 2nd Deferments (2) 295 684 979 Total $ 295 $ 2,257 $ 2,552 (1) (2) |