Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans | 5) Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans The allowance for credit losses on loans was calculated by pooling loans of similar credit risk characteristics and credit monitoring procedures. The loan portfolio is classified into eight segments of loans - commercial, commercial real estate – owner occupied, commercial real estate – non-owner occupied, land and construction, home equity, multifamily, residential mortgages and consumer and other. The risk characteristics of each loan portfolio segment are as follows: Commercial Commercial loans primarily rely on the identified cash flows of the borrower for repayment and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. However, the cash flows of the borrowers may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may vary in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable, inventory or equipment and may incorporate a personal guarantee; however, some loans may be unsecured. Included in commercial loans are $286,461,000 of PPP loans at June 30, 2021 and $290,679,000 at December 31, 2020. No allowance for credit losses has been recorded for PPP loans as they are fully guaranteed by the SBA. Commercial Real Estate (“CRE”) CRE loans rely primarily on the cash flows of the properties securing the loan and secondarily on the value of the property that is securing the loan. CRE loans comprise two segments differentiated by owner occupied CRE and non-owner CRE. Owner occupied CRE loans are secured by commercial properties that are at least 50% occupied by the borrower or borrower affiliate. Non-owner occupied CRE loans are secured by commercial properties that are less than 50% occupied by the borrower or borrower affiliate. CRE loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Land and Construction Land and construction loans are generally based on estimates of costs and value associated with the complete project. Construction loans usually involve the disbursement of funds with repayment substantially dependent on the success of the completion of the project. Sources of repayment for these loans may be permanent loans from HBC or other lenders, or proceeds from the sales of the completed project. These loans are monitored by on-site inspections and are considered to have higher risk than other real estate loans due to the final repayment dependent on numerous factors including general economic conditions. Home Equity Home equity loans are secured by 1-4 family residences that are generally owner occupied. Repayment of these loans depends primarily on the personal income of the borrower and secondarily by the value of the property securing the loan which can be impacted by changes in economic conditions such as the unemployment rate and property values. Multifamily Multifamily loans are loans on residential properties with five or more units. These loans rely primarily on the cash flows of the properties securing the loan for repayment and secondarily on the value of the properties securing the loan. The cash flows of these borrowers can fluctuate along with the values of the underlying property depending on general economic conditions. Residential Mortgages Residential mortgage loans are secured by 1-4 family residences which are generally owner-occupied. Repayment of these loans depends primarily on the personal income of the borrower and secondarily by the value of the property securing the loan which can be impacted by changes in economic conditions such as the unemployment rate and property values. During the second quarter of 2021, the Company purchased two single family residential mortgage loan portfolios totaling $140,030,000, all of which are domiciled in California, with an average principal balance of $585,000, and a weighted average yield of approximately 3.39% (excluding servicing costs, which are netted against interest income contributing to a lower overall average yield). Consumer and Other Consumer and other loans are secured by personal property or are unsecured and rely primarily on the income of the borrower for repayment and secondarily on the collateral value for secured loans. Borrower income and collateral value can vary dependent on economic conditions. Loans by portfolio segment and the allowance for credit losses on loans were as follows for the periods indicated: June 30, December 31, 2021 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Loans held-for-investment: Commercial $ 844,147 $ 846,386 Real estate: CRE - owner occupied 583,091 560,362 CRE - non-owner occupied 742,135 693,103 Land and construction 129,426 144,594 Home equity 107,873 111,885 Multifamily 198,771 166,425 Residential mortgages 205,904 85,116 Consumer and other 21,519 18,116 Loans 2,832,866 2,625,987 Deferred loan fees, net (8,070) (6,726) Loans, net of deferred fees 2,824,796 2,619,261 Allowance for credit losses on loans (43,956) (44,400) Loans, net $ 2,780,840 $ 2,574,861 Changes in the allowance for credit losses on loans were as follows for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 CRE CRE Owner Non-owner Land & Home Multi- Residential Consumer Commercial Occupied Occupied Construction Equity Family Mortgage and Other Total (Dollars in thousands) Beginning of period balance $ 11,600 $ 8,368 $ 16,431 $ 2,754 $ 1,171 $ 2,751 $ 918 $ 303 $ 44,296 Charge-offs (105) — — — — — — — (105) Recoveries 115 4 — 68 16 — — 55 258 Net recoveries 10 4 — 68 16 — — 55 153 Provision for (recapture of) credit losses on loans (753) (166) 54 (686) (118) 199 1,050 (73) (493) End of period balance $ 10,857 $ 8,206 $ 16,485 $ 2,136 $ 1,069 $ 2,950 $ 1,968 $ 285 $ 43,956 Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 CRE CRE Owner Non-owner Land & Home Multi- Residential Consumer Commercial Occupied Occupied Construction Equity Family Mortgage and Other Total (Dollars in thousands) Beginning of period balance $ 12,801 $ 7,737 $ 15,645 $ 2,603 $ 1,746 $ 1,622 $ 708 $ 1,841 $ 44,703 Charge-offs (465) - - - - - - - (465) Recoveries 46 1 - 13 31 - - 1 92 Net (charge-offs) recoveries (419) 1 - 13 31 - - 1 (373) Provision for (recapture of) credit losses on loans 797 809 (196) (64) 74 206 117 (629) 1,114 End of period balance $ 13,179 $ 8,547 $ 15,449 $ 2,552 $ 1,851 $ 1,828 $ 825 $ 1,213 $ 45,444 Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 CRE CRE Owner Non-owner Land & Home Multi- Residential Consumer Commercial Occupied Occupied Construction Equity Family Mortgage and Other Total (Dollars in thousands) Beginning of period balance $ 11,587 $ 8,560 $ 16,416 $ 2,509 $ 1,297 $ 2,804 $ 943 $ 284 $ 44,400 Charge-offs (368) — — — — — — — (368) Recoveries 928 8 — 884 39 — — 70 1,929 Net recoveries 560 8 — 884 39 — — 70 1,561 Provision for (recapture of) credit losses on loans (1,290) (362) 69 (1,257) (267) 146 1,025 (69) (2,005) End of period balance $ 10,857 $ 8,206 $ 16,485 $ 2,136 $ 1,069 $ 2,950 $ 1,968 $ 285 $ 43,956 Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 Owner Non-owner Land & Home Multi- Residential Consumer Commercial Occupied Occupied Construction Equity Family Mortgage and Other Total (Dollars in thousands) Beginning of period balance $ 10,453 $ 3,825 $ 3,760 $ 2,621 $ 2,244 $ 57 $ 243 $ 82 $ 23,285 Adoption of Topic 326 (3,663) 3,169 7,912 (1,163) (923) 1,196 435 1,607 8,570 Balance at adoption on January 1, 2020 6,790 6,994 11,672 1,458 1,321 1,253 678 1,689 31,855 Charge-offs (1,135) — — — — — — (3) (1,138) Recoveries 255 1 — 32 54 — — 1 343 Net (charge-offs) recoveries (880) 1 — 32 54 — — (2) (795) Provision for (recapture of) credit losses on loans 7,269 1,552 3,777 1,062 476 575 147 (474) 14,384 End of period balance $ 13,179 $ 8,547 $ 15,449 $ 2,552 $ 1,851 $ 1,828 $ 825 $ 1,213 $ 45,444 Management’s methodology for estimating the allowance balance consists of several key elements, which include pooling loans with similar characteristics into segments and using a discounted cash flow calculation to estimate losses. The discounted cash flow model inputs include loan level cash flow estimates for each loan segment based on peer and bank historic loss correlations with certain economic factors. Management uses a four quarter forecast of each economic factor that is used for each loan segment and the economic factors are assumed to revert to the historic mean over an eight quarter period after the forecast period. The economic factors management has selected include the California unemployment rate, California gross domestic product, California home price index, and a national CRE value index. These factors are evaluated and updated occasionally and as economic conditions change. Additionally, management uses qualitative adjustments to the discounted cash flow quantitative loss estimates in certain cases when management has assessed an adjustment is necessary. These qualitative adjustments are applied by pooled loan segment and have been made for increased risk due to loan quality trends, collateral risk, or other risks management determines are not adequately captured in the discounted cash flow loss estimation. Specific allowances on individually evaluated loans are combined to the allowance on pools of loans with similar risk characteristics to derive to total allowance for credit losses on loans. The decrease in the allowance for credit losses on loans and related recapture of provision for the six months ended June 30, 2021, was primarily attributed to a net decrease of ($56,000) in the reserve for pooled loans, driven by improvements in forecasted macroeconomic conditions offset by changes in the portfolio, and a ($388,000) decrease in specific reserves for individually evaluated loans compared to December 31, 2020. The decrease in the allowance for credit losses for pooled loans from December 31, 2020 is largely the result of improvements in the economic factors used in our methodology and reductions in qualitative adjustments for risks such as collateral values, concentrations of credit risk (geographic, large borrower, and industry), economic conditions, changes in underwriting standards, experience and depth of lending staff, trends in delinquencies, and the level of criticized loans to address asset-specific risks and current conditions that were not fully considered by the macroeconomic variables driving the quantitative estimate. The following tables presents the amortized cost basis of nonperforming loans and loans past due over 90 days and still accruing for the periods indicated: June 30, 2021 Restructured Nonaccrual Nonaccrual and Loans with no Specific with Specific over 90 Days Allowance for Allowance for Past Due Credit Credit and Still Losses Losses Accruing Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 415 $ 1,378 $ 164 $ 1,957 Real estate: CRE - Owner Occupied 1,774 — — 1,774 CRE - Non-Owner Occupied — — 725 725 Home equity 168 — — 168 Multifamily 1,149 — — 1,149 Consumer and other 407 — — 407 Total $ 3,913 $ 1,378 $ 889 $ 6,180 December 31, 2020 Restructured Nonaccrual Nonaccrual and Loans with no Specific with no Specific over 90 Days Allowance for Allowance for Past Due Credit Credit and Still Losses Losses Accruing Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 752 $ 1,974 $ 81 $ 2,807 Real estate: CRE - Owner Occupied 3,706 — — 3,706 Home equity 949 — — 949 Consumer and other 407 — — 407 Total $ 5,814 $ 1,974 $ 81 $ 7,869 The following tables presents the aging of past due loans by class for the periods indicated: June 30, 2021 30 - 59 60 - 89 90 Days or Days Days Greater Total Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 4,467 $ 1,187 $ 261 $ 5,915 $ 838,232 $ 844,147 Real estate: CRE - Owner Occupied 1,172 9 1,143 2,324 580,767 583,091 CRE - Non-Owner Occupied 145 — 725 870 741,265 742,135 Land and construction — — — — 129,426 129,426 Home equity — — — — 107,873 107,873 Multifamily — — — — 198,771 198,771 Residential mortgages — — — — 205,904 205,904 Consumer and other — — 407 407 21,112 21,519 Total $ 5,784 $ 1,196 $ 2,536 $ 9,516 $ 2,823,350 $ 2,832,866 December 31, 2020 30 - 59 60 - 89 90 Days or Days Days Greater Total Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 3,524 $ 259 $ 392 $ 4,175 $ 842,211 $ 846,386 Real estate: CRE - Owner Occupied 1,133 — 29 1,162 559,200 560,362 CRE - Non-Owner Occupied — 485 — 485 692,618 693,103 Land and construction — — — — 144,594 144,594 Home equity — — — 111,885 111,885 Multifamily — — — — 166,425 166,425 Residential mortgages — — — — 85,116 85,116 Consumer and other — — 407 407 17,709 18,116 Total $ 4,657 $ 744 $ 828 $ 6,229 $ 2,619,758 $ 2,625,987 Past due loans 30 days or greater totaled $9,516,000 and $6,229,000 at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, of which $1,658,000 and $1,918,000 were on nonaccrual, at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. At June 30, 2021, there were also $3,633,000 of loans less than 30 days past due included in nonaccrual loans held-for-investment. At December 31, 2020, there were also $5,870,000 loans less than 30 days past due included in nonaccrual loans held-for-investment. Management’s classification of a loan as “nonaccrual” is an indication that there is reasonable doubt as to the full recovery of principal or interest on the loan. At that point, the Company stops accruing interest income, and reverses any uncollected interest that had been accrued as income. The Company begins recognizing interest income only as cash interest payments are received and it has been determined the collection of all outstanding principal is not in doubt. Credit Quality Indicators Concentrations of credit risk arise when a number of customers are engaged in similar business activities, or activities in the same geographic region, or have similar features that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in economic conditions. The Company’s loan portfolio is concentrated in commercial (primarily manufacturing, wholesale, and service) and real estate lending, with the remaining balance in consumer loans. While no specific industry concentration is considered significant, the Company’s lending operations are located in the Company’s market areas that are dependent on the technology and real estate industries and their supporting companies. Thus, the Company’s borrowers could be adversely impacted by a downturn in these sectors of the economy which could reduce the demand for loans and adversely impact the borrowers’ ability to repay their loans. The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, and other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. Nonclassified loans generally include those loans that are expected to be repaid in accordance with their contractual loan terms. Loans categorized as special mention have potential weaknesses that may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the credit or inadequately protect the Company’s position at some future date. These loans pose elevated risk, but their weaknesses do not yet justify a substandard classification. Classified loans are those loans that are assigned a substandard, substandard-nonaccrual, or doubtful risk rating using the following definitions: Special Mention. A Special Mention asset has potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in a deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the credit position at some future date. Special Mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Substandard. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that will jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Substandard-Nonaccrual. Loans classified as substandard-nonaccrual are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any, and it is probable that the Company will not receive payment of the full contractual principal and interest. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. In addition, the Company no longer accrues interest on the loan because of the underlying weaknesses. Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loss. Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectable or of so little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted. This classification does not necessarily mean that a loan has no recovery or salvage value; but rather, there is much doubt about whether, how much, or when the recovery would occur. Loans classified as loss are immediately charged off against the allowance for credit losses on loans. Therefore, there is no balance to report as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Loans may be reviewed at any time throughout a loan’s duration. If new information is provided, a new risk assessment may be performed if warranted. The following tables present term loans amortized cost by vintage and loan grade classification, and revolving loans amortized cost by loan grade classification at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The loan grade classifications are based on the Bank’s internal loan grading methodology. Loan grade categories for doubtful and loss rated loans are not included on the tables below as there are no loans with those grades at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The vintage year represents the period the loan was originated or in the case of renewed loans, the period last renewed. The amortized balance is the loan balance less any purchase discounts, and plus any loan purchase premiums. The loan categories are based on the loan segmentation in the Company's CECL reserve methodology based on loan purpose and type. Revolving Loans Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Originated Period Amortized 2016 and Cost 6/30/2021 12/31/2020 12/31/2019 12/31/2018 12/31/2017 Prior Basis Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial: Pass $ 302,753 $ 163,815 $ 19,144 $ 15,904 $ 9,543 $ 8,699 $ 307,122 $ 826,980 Special Mention 323 733 - 1,082 447 270 978 3,833 Substandard 1,349 3,337 - 16 452 30 6,357 11,541 Substandard-Nonaccrual 30 1,143 - - - 106 514 1,793 Total 304,455 169,028 19,144 17,002 10,442 9,105 314,971 844,147 CRE - Owner Occupied: Pass 78,046 154,477 74,843 66,269 37,006 135,709 24,038 570,388 Special Mention 531 2,648 680 1,495 770 1,089 - 7,213 Substandard 2,547 - 394 735 40 - 3,716 Substandard-Nonaccrual - 1,774 - - - - - 1,774 Total 78,577 161,446 75,523 68,158 38,511 136,838 24,038 583,091 CRE - Non-Owner Occupied: Pass 131,832 148,179 121,987 55,878 75,126 165,195 22,377 720,574 Special Mention - 2,808 - 2,527 606 6,338 2,165 14,444 Substandard - 5,240 - 1,392 - 485 - 7,117 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 131,832 156,227 121,987 59,797 75,732 172,018 24,542 742,135 Land and construction: Pass 58,297 56,553 4,443 - - 1,321 7,453 128,067 Special Mention - - - - - - - - Substandard 1,359 - - - - - - 1,359 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 59,656 56,553 4,443 - - 1,321 7,453 129,426 Home equity: Pass - - - 61 - - 104,746 104,807 Special Mention - - - - - - 1,932 1,932 Substandard - - - - - 143 823 966 Substandard-Nonaccrual - 107 - - - - 61 168 Total - 107 - 61 - 143 107,562 107,873 Multifamily: Pass 42,576 32,568 37,612 16,321 21,215 35,092 915 186,299 Special Mention - - - - - 10,444 - 10,444 Substandard - 879 - - - - - 879 Substandard-Nonaccrual 1,149 - - - - - - 1,149 Total 43,725 33,447 37,612 16,321 21,215 45,536 915 198,771 Residential mortgage: Pass 137,195 18,204 9,379 3,157 5,129 30,567 960 204,591 Special Mention - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - 1,313 - 1,313 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 137,195 18,204 9,379 3,157 5,129 31,880 960 205,904 Consumer and other: Pass - 6 409 1,456 17 1,051 17,953 20,892 Special Mention - - - - - - - - Substandard 20 - - - - - 200 220 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - 407 - - - 407 Total 20 6 409 1,863 17 1,051 18,153 21,519 Total loans $ 755,460 $ 595,018 $ 268,497 $ 166,359 $ 151,046 $ 397,892 $ 498,594 $ 2,832,866 Risk Grades: Pass $ 750,699 $ 573,802 $ 267,817 $ 159,046 $ 148,036 $ 377,634 $ 485,564 $ 2,762,598 Special Mention 854 6,189 680 5,104 1,823 18,141 5,075 37,866 Substandard 2,728 12,003 - 1,802 1,187 2,011 7,380 27,111 Substandard-Nonaccrual 1,179 3,024 - 407 - 106 575 5,291 Grand Total $ 755,460 $ 595,018 $ 268,497 $ 166,359 $ 151,046 $ 397,892 $ 498,594 $ 2,832,866 Revolving Loans Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Originated Period Amortized 2015 and Cost 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Basis Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial: Pass $ 431,369 $ 33,350 $ 21,154 $ 13,840 $ 7,341 $ 8,292 $ 296,286 $ 811,632 Special Mention 15,720 716 1,301 953 713 170 1,937 21,510 Substandard 4,036 - 19 758 2,396 73 3,236 10,518 Substandard-Nonaccrual 2,106 56 36 - 115 26 387 2,726 Total 453,231 34,122 22,510 15,551 10,565 8,561 301,846 846,386 CRE - Owner Occupied: Pass 168,224 73,064 68,068 51,705 50,716 109,350 15,964 537,091 Special Mention 3,151 2,568 4,128 783 - 2,569 - 13,199 Substandard 2,561 - 400 2,954 - 451 - 6,366 Substandard-Nonaccrual 3,678 - - - - 28 - 3,706 Total 177,614 75,632 72,596 55,442 50,716 112,398 15,964 560,362 CRE - Non-Owner Occupied: Pass 166,550 128,361 68,796 99,816 57,422 150,683 1,926 673,554 Special Mention 11,930 - 2,557 - - - - 14,487 Substandard 3,166 - 1,411 - 485 - - 5,062 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 181,646 128,361 72,764 99,816 57,907 150,683 1,926 693,103 Land and construction: Pass 114,932 22,054 - - - 1,343 4,906 143,235 Special Mention - - - - - - - - Substandard 1,359 - - - - - - 1,359 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 116,291 22,054 - - - 1,343 4,906 144,594 Home equity: Pass 266 - 74 - - - 109,848 110,188 Special Mention - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - 143 605 748 Substandard-Nonaccrual 117 - - - - - 832 949 Total 383 - 74 - - 143 111,285 111,885 Multifamily: Pass 31,481 39,183 17,248 24,572 16,235 30,751 880 160,350 Special Mention - - - - - 5,186 - 5,186 Substandard 889 - - - - - - 889 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 32,370 39,183 17,248 24,572 16,235 35,937 880 166,425 Residential mortgage: Pass 12,798 10,048 3,246 7,324 28,115 15,568 - 77,099 Special Mention 5,089 - 1,630 - - - 6,719 Substandard - - - - - 1,298 - 1,298 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 17,887 10,048 4,876 7,324 28,115 16,866 - 85,116 Consumer and other: Pass 10 522 1,486 20 116 987 14,568 17,709 Special Mention - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Substandard-Nonaccrual - - 407 - - - - 407 Total 10 522 1,893 20 116 987 14,568 18,116 Total loans $ 979,432 $ 309,922 $ 191,961 $ 202,725 $ 163,654 $ 326,918 $ 451,375 $ 2,625,987 Risk Grades:. Pass $ 925,630 $ 306,582 $ 180,072 $ 197,277 $ 159,945 $ 316,974 $ 444,378 $ 2,530,858 Special Mention 35,890 3,284 9,616 1,736 713 7,925 1,937 61,101 Substandard 12,011 - 1,830 3,712 2,881 1,965 3,841 26,240 Substandard-Nonaccrual 5,901 56 443 - 115 54 1,219 7,788 Grand Total $ 979,432 $ 309,922 $ 191,961 $ 202,725 $ 163,654 $ 326,918 $ 451,375 $ 2,625,987 The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by loan classification at June 30, 2021: Collateral Type Real Estate Business Property Assets Unsecured Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 25 $ 1,324 $ 29 $ 1,378 Total $ 25 $ 1,324 $ 29 $ 1,378 The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by loan classification at December 31, 2020: Collateral Type Real Estate Business Property Assets Unsecured Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 29 $ 1,815 $ 130 $ 1,974 Total $ 29 $ 1,815 $ 130 $ 1,974 When management determines that foreclosures are probable, expected credit losses for collateral-dependent loans are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as app |