Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans | 5) Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model under ASU 2016-13 (Topic 326) using the modified retrospective approach. The allowance for credit losses on loans is an estimate of the current expected credit losses in the loan portfolio. Loans are charged-off against the allowance when management determines that a loan balance has become uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance for credit losses on loans. Management’s methodology for estimating the allowance balance consists of several key elements, which include pooling loans with similar characteristics into segments and using a discounted cash flow calculation to estimate losses. The discounted cash flow model inputs include loan level cash flow estimates for each loan segment based on peer and bank historic loss correlations with certain economic factors. Management uses a four quarter forecast of each economic factor that is used for each loan segment and the economic factors are assumed to revert to the historic mean over an eight quarter period after the forecast period. The economic factors management has selected include the California unemployment rate, California gross domestic product, California home price index, and a national CRE value index. These factors are evaluated and updated occasionally and as economic conditions change. Additionally, management uses qualitative adjustments to the discounted cash flow quantitative loss estimates in certain cases when management has assessed an adjustment is necessary. These qualitative adjustments are applied by pooled loan segment and have been made for increased risk due to loan quality trends, collateral risk, or other risks management determines are not adequately captured in the discounted cash flow loss estimation. Specific allowances on individually evaluated loans are combined to the allowance on pools of loans with similar risk characteristics to derive to total allowance for credit losses on loans. Management has also considered other qualitative risks such as collateral values, concentrations of credit risk (geographic, large borrower, and industry), economic conditions, changes in underwriting standards, experience and depth of lending staff, trends in delinquencies, and the level of criticized loans to address asset-specific risks and current conditions that were not fully considered by the macroeconomic variables driving the quantitative estimate. The allowance for credit losses on loans was calculated by pooling loans of similar credit risk characteristics and credit monitoring procedures. The loan portfolio is classified into eight segments of loans - commercial, commercial real estate – owner occupied, commercial real estate – non-owner occupied, land and construction, home equity, multifamily, residential mortgages and consumer and other. The risk characteristics of each loan portfolio segment are as follows: Commercial Commercial loans primarily rely on the identified cash flows of the borrower for repayment and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. However, the cash flows of the borrowers may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable, inventory or equipment and may incorporate a personal guarantee; however, some loans may be unsecured. Included in commercial loans are $8,153,000 of Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans at June 30, 2022, and $88,726,000 at December 31, 2021. No allowance for credit losses has been recorded for PPP loans as they are fully guaranteed by the SBA. Commercial Real Estate (“CRE”) CRE loans rely primarily on the cash flows of the properties securing the loan and secondarily on the value of the property that is securing the loan. CRE loans comprise two segments differentiated by owner occupied CRE and non-owner CRE. Owner occupied CRE loans are secured by commercial properties that are at least 50% occupied by the borrower or borrower affiliate. Non-owner occupied CRE loans are secured by commercial properties that are less than 50% occupied by the borrower or borrower affiliate. CRE loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Land and Construction Land and construction loans are generally based on estimates of costs and value associated with the complete project. Construction loans usually involve the disbursement of funds with repayment substantially dependent on the success of the completion of the project. Sources of repayment for these loans may be permanent loans from HBC or other lenders, or proceeds from the sales of the completed project. These loans are monitored by on-site inspections and are considered to have higher risk than other real estate loans due to the final repayment dependent on numerous factors including general economic conditions. Home Equity Home equity loans are secured by 1-4 family residences that are generally owner occupied. Repayment of these loans depends primarily on the personal income of the borrower and secondarily on the value of the property securing the loan which can be impacted by changes in economic conditions such as the unemployment rate and property values. These loans are generally revolving lines of credit. Multifamily Multifamily loans are loans on residential properties with five or more units. These loans rely primarily on the cash flows of the properties securing the loan for repayment and secondarily on the value of the properties securing the loan. The cash flows of these borrowers can fluctuate along with the values of the underlying property depending on general economic conditions. Residential Mortgages Residential mortgage loans are secured by 1-4 family residences which are generally owner-occupied. Repayment of these loans depends primarily on the personal income of the borrower and secondarily on the value of the property securing the loan which can be impacted by changes in economic conditions such as the unemployment rate and property values . These are generally term loans and are acquired. Consumer and Other Consumer and other loans are secured by personal property or are unsecured and rely primarily on the income of the borrower for repayment and secondarily on the collateral value for secured loans. Borrower income and collateral values can vary depending on economic conditions. Loan Distribution Loans by portfolio segment and the allowance for credit losses on loans were as follows for the periods indicated: June 30, December 31, 2022 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Loans held-for-investment: Commercial $ 531,421 $ 682,834 Real estate: CRE - owner occupied 597,521 595,934 CRE - non-owner occupied 993,621 902,326 Land and construction 155,389 147,855 Home equity 116,641 109,579 Multifamily 221,938 218,856 Residential mortgages 448,958 416,660 Consumer and other 18,354 16,744 Loans 3,083,843 3,090,788 Deferred loan fees, net (1,391) (3,462) Loans, net of deferred fees 3,082,452 3,087,326 Allowance for credit losses on loans (45,490) (43,290) Loans, net $ 3,036,962 $ 3,044,036 Changes in the allowance for credit losses on loans were as follows for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 CRE CRE Owner Non-owner Land & Home Multi- Residential Consumer Commercial Occupied Occupied Construction Equity Family Mortgage and Other Total (Dollars in thousands) Beginning of period balance $ 6,801 $ 6,397 $ 19,413 $ 2,006 $ 722 $ 2,544 $ 4,757 $ 148 $ 42,788 Charge-offs (355) — — — — — — — (355) Recoveries 79 4 — — 31 — — 3,124 3,238 Net recoveries (276) 4 — — 31 — — 3,124 2,883 Provision for (recapture of) credit losses on loans 77 (392) 2,061 492 (58) 280 475 (3,116) (181) End of period balance $ 6,602 $ 6,009 $ 21,474 $ 2,498 $ 695 $ 2,824 $ 5,232 $ 156 $ 45,490 Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 CRE CRE Owner Non-owner Land & Home Multi- Residential Consumer Commercial Occupied Occupied Construction Equity Family Mortgage and Other Total (Dollars in thousands) Beginning of period balance $ 11,600 $ 8,368 $ 16,431 $ 2,754 $ 1,171 $ 2,751 $ 918 $ 303 $ 44,296 Charge-offs (105) — — — — — — — (105) Recoveries 115 4 — 68 16 — — 55 258 Net recoveries 10 4 — 68 16 — — 55 153 Provision for (recapture of) credit losses on loans (753) (166) 54 (686) (118) 199 1,050 (73) (493) End of period balance $ 10,857 $ 8,206 $ 16,485 $ 2,136 $ 1,069 $ 2,950 $ 1,968 $ 285 $ 43,956 Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 CRE CRE Owner Non-owner Land & Home Multi- Residential Consumer Commercial Occupied Occupied Construction Equity Family Mortgage and Other Total (Dollars in thousands) Beginning of period balance $ 8,414 $ 7,954 $ 17,125 $ 1,831 $ 864 $ 2,796 $ 4,132 $ 174 $ 43,290 Charge-offs (371) — — — — — — — (371) Recoveries 133 7 — — 55 — — 3,124 3,319 Net recoveries (238) 7 — — 55 — — 3,124 2,948 Provision for (recapture of) credit losses on loans (1,574) (1,952) 4,349 667 (224) 28 1,100 (3,142) (748) End of period balance $ 6,602 $ 6,009 $ 21,474 $ 2,498 $ 695 $ 2,824 $ 5,232 $ 156 $ 45,490 Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 CRE CRE Owner Non-owner Land & Home Multi- Residential Consumer Commercial Occupied Occupied Construction Equity Family Mortgage and Other Total (Dollars in thousands) Beginning of period balance $ 11,587 $ 8,560 $ 16,416 $ 2,509 $ 1,297 $ 2,804 $ 943 $ 284 $ 44,400 Charge-offs (368) — — — — — — — (368) Recoveries 928 8 — 884 39 — — 70 1,929 Net (charge-offs) recoveries 560 8 — 884 39 — — 70 1,561 Provision for (recapture of) credit losses on loans (1,290) (362) 69 (1,257) (267) 146 1,025 (69) (2,005) End of period balance $ 10,857 $ 8,206 $ 16,485 $ 2,136 $ 1,069 $ 2,950 $ 1,968 $ 285 $ 43,956 The following tables present the amortized cost basis of nonperforming loans and loans past due over 90 days and still accruing at the periods indicated: June 30, 2022 Restructured Nonaccrual Nonaccrual and Loans with no Specific with Specific over 90 Days Allowance for Allowance for Past Due Credit Credit and Still Losses Losses Accruing Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 222 $ 418 $ 918 $ 1,558 Real estate: CRE - Owner Occupied 1,094 — — 1,094 Home equity — — 63 63 Total $ 1,316 $ 418 $ 981 $ 2,715 December 31, 2021 Restructured Nonaccrual Nonaccrual and Loans with no Specific with no Specific over 90 Days Allowance for Allowance for Past Due Credit Credit and Still Losses Losses Accruing Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 94 $ 1,028 $ 278 $ 1,400 Real estate: CRE - Owner Occupied 1,126 — — 1,126 Home equity 84 — — 84 Multifamily 1,128 — — 1,128 Total $ 2,432 $ 1,028 $ 278 $ 3,738 The following tables present the aging of past due loans by class for the periods indicated: June 30, 2022 30 - 59 60 - 89 90 Days or Days Days Greater Total Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 6,449 $ 1,691 $ 991 $ 9,130 $ 522,291 $ 531,421 Real estate: CRE - Owner Occupied — — 1,094 1,094 596,427 597,521 CRE - Non-Owner Occupied — — — — 993,621 993,621 Land and construction — — — — 155,389 155,389 Home equity — — — — 116,641 116,641 Multifamily — — — — 221,938 221,938 Residential mortgages — — — — 448,958 448,958 Consumer and other — — — — 18,354 18,354 Total $ 6,449 $ 1,691 $ 2,085 $ 10,224 $ 3,073,619 $ 3,083,843 December 31, 2021 30 - 59 60 - 89 90 Days or Days Days Greater Total Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 2,714 $ 168 $ 408 $ 3,290 $ 679,544 $ 682,834 Real estate: CRE - Owner Occupied — — 1,126 1,126 594,808 595,934 CRE - Non-Owner Occupied — — — — 902,326 902,326 Land and construction — — — — 147,855 147,855 Home equity — — — — 109,579 109,579 Multifamily — — — — 218,856 218,856 Residential mortgages 599 — — 599 416,061 416,660 Consumer and other — — — 16,744 16,744 Total $ 3,313 $ 168 $ 1,534 $ 5,015 $ 3,085,773 $ 3,090,788 Past due loans 30 days or greater totaled $10,224,000 and $5,015,000 at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, of which $1,316,000 and $1,258,000 were on nonaccrual, at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. At June 30, 2022, there were also $418,000 of loans less than 30 days past due included in nonaccrual loans held-for-investment. At December 31, 2021, there were also $2,202,000 loans less than 30 days past due included in nonaccrual loans held-for-investment. Management’s classification of a loan as “nonaccrual” is an indication that there is reasonable doubt as to the full recovery of principal or interest on the loan. At that point, the Company stops accruing interest income, and reverses any uncollected interest that had been accrued as income. The Company begins recognizing interest income only as cash interest payments are received and it has been determined the collection of all outstanding principal is not in doubt. Credit Quality Indicators Concentrations of credit risk arise when a number of customers are engaged in similar business activities, or activities in the same geographic region, or have similar features that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in economic conditions. The Company’s loan portfolio is concentrated in commercial (primarily manufacturing, wholesale, and service) and real estate lending, with the remaining balance in consumer loans. While no specific industry concentration is considered significant, the Company’s lending operations are located in the Company’s market areas that are dependent on the technology and real estate industries and their supporting companies. Thus, the Company’s borrowers could be adversely impacted by a downturn in these sectors of the economy which could reduce the demand for loans and adversely impact the borrowers’ ability to repay their loans. The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, and other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. Nonclassified loans generally include those loans that are expected to be repaid in accordance with their contractual loan terms. Loans categorized as special mention have potential weaknesses that may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the credit or inadequately protect the Company’s position at some future date. These loans pose elevated risk, but their weaknesses do not yet justify a substandard classification. Classified loans are those loans that are assigned a substandard, substandard-nonaccrual, or doubtful risk rating using the following Special Mention. A Special Mention asset has potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in a deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the credit position at some future date. Special Mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Substandard. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that will jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Substandard-Nonaccrual. Loans classified as substandard-nonaccrual are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any, and it is probable that the Company will not receive payment of the full contractual principal and interest. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. In addition, the Company no longer accrues interest on the loan because of the underlying weaknesses. Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loss. Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectable or of so little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted. This classification does not necessarily mean that a loan has no recovery or salvage value; but rather, there is much doubt about whether, how much, or when the recovery would occur. Loans classified as loss are immediately charged off against the allowance for credit losses on loans. Therefore, there is Loans may be reviewed at any time throughout a loan’s duration. If new information is provided, a new risk assessment may be performed if warranted. The following tables present term loans amortized cost by vintage and loan grade classification, and revolving loans amortized cost by loan grade classification at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The loan grade classifications are based on the Bank’s internal loan grading methodology. Loan grade categories for doubtful and loss rated loans are not included on the tables below as there are no loans with those grades at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The vintage year represents the period the loan was originated or in the case of renewed loans, the period last renewed. The amortized balance is the loan balance less any purchase discounts, plus any loan purchase premiums. The loan categories are based on the loan segmentation in the Company's CECL reserve methodology based on loan purpose and type. Revolving Loans Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Originated Period as of June 30, 2022 Amortized 2017 and Cost 06/30/2022 12/31/2021 12/31/2020 12/31/2019 12/31/2018 Prior Basis Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial: Pass $ 95,919 $ 53,413 $ 45,686 $ 9,416 $ 9,239 $ 9,031 $ 270,442 $ 493,146 Special Mention 2,500 5,660 479 111 400 318 22,197 31,665 Substandard 4 463 223 610 10 76 4,584 5,970 Substandard-Nonaccrual - 474 57 - 26 83 - 640 Total 98,423 60,010 46,445 10,137 9,675 9,508 297,223 531,421 CRE - Owner Occupied: Pass 68,066 162,615 123,243 57,289 45,689 112,933 8,080 577,915 Special Mention - 5,738 5,924 - 207 409 - 12,278 Substandard 825 - 3,138 - 1,458 813 - 6,234 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - 1,094 - - - - 1,094 Total 68,891 168,353 133,399 57,289 47,354 114,155 8,080 597,521 CRE - Non-Owner Occupied: Pass 194,717 363,614 126,203 110,251 15,443 171,247 2,601 984,076 Special Mention - - 404 - - 353 757 Substandard - - 2,712 - - 6,076 - 8,788 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 194,717 363,614 129,319 110,251 15,443 177,676 2,601 993,621 Land and construction: Pass 77,361 68,164 7,778 2,080 - - 6 155,389 Special Mention - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 77,361 68,164 7,778 2,080 - - 6 155,389 Home equity: Pass - - - - 35 - 116,370 116,405 Special Mention - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - 144 92 236 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - Total - - - - 35 144 116,462 116,641 Multifamily: Pass 19,789 99,389 27,610 26,351 15,362 22,280 50 210,831 Special Mention - 1,099 - 4,263 - - 5,362 Substandard - 5,745 - - - - - 5,745 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 19,789 106,233 27,610 30,614 15,362 22,280 50 221,938 Residential mortgage: Pass 79,470 318,949 16,733 7,534 2,934 23,116 - 448,736 Special Mention - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - 222 - 222 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 79,470 318,949 16,733 7,534 2,934 23,338 - 448,958 Consumer and other: Pass 73 514 - 23 1,395 872 15,477 18,354 Special Mention - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 73 514 - 23 1,395 872 15,477 18,354 Total loans $ 538,724 $ 1,085,837 $ 361,284 $ 217,928 $ 92,198 $ 347,973 $ 439,899 $ 3,083,843 Risk Grades: Pass $ 535,395 $ 1,066,658 $ 347,253 $ 212,944 $ 90,097 $ 339,479 $ 413,026 $ 3,004,852 Special Mention 2,500 12,497 6,807 4,374 607 1,080 22,197 50,062 Substandard 829 6,208 6,073 610 1,468 7,331 4,676 27,195 Substandard-Nonaccrual - 474 1,151 - 26 83 - 1,734 Grand Total $ 538,724 $ 1,085,837 $ 361,284 $ 217,928 $ 92,198 $ 347,973 $ 439,899 $ 3,083,843 Revolving Loans Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Originated Period as of December 31, 2021 Amortized Cost 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Periods Basis Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial: Pass $ 208,645 65,257 $ 15,086 $ 12,281 $ 7,311 $ 5,507 $ 349,717 $ 663,804 Special Mention 2,210 512 219 764 243 204 4,024 8,176 Substandard 3,709 930 - 13 302 2 4,776 9,732 Substandard-Nonaccrual 595 442 37 - - 48 - 1,122 Total 215,159 67,141 15,342 13,058 7,856 5,761 358,517 682,834 CRE - Owner Occupied: Pass 170,504 135,103 65,596 57,017 31,657 107,203 14,486 581,566 Special Mention 568 2,254 672 - - 355 - 3,849 Substandard 985 6,042 - 1,477 - 889 - 9,393 Substandard-Nonaccrual - 1,100 - - - 26 - 1,126 Total 172,057 144,499 66,268 58,494 31,657 108,473 14,486 595,934 CRE - Non-Owner Occupied: Pass 374,470 141,404 115,170 45,959 68,125 134,454 2,068 881,650 Special Mention - 5,388 - - 1,133 3,816 - 10,337 Substandard - 5,842 - - - 4,497 - 10,339 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 374,470 152,634 115,170 45,959 69,258 142,767 2,068 902,326 Land and construction: Pass 125,844 11,401 4,385 - - 1,300 3,566 146,496 Special Mention 1,359 - - - - - - 1,359 Substandard - - - - - - - - Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 127,203 11,401 4,385 - - 1,300 3,566 147,855 Home equity: Pass - - - 46 - - 106,738 106,784 Special Mention - - - - - - 1,931 1,931 Substandard - - - - - 54 726 780 Substandard-Nonaccrual - 84 - - - - - 84 Total - 84 - 46 - 54 109,395 109,579 Multifamily: Pass 102,535 27,955 30,820 16,151 16,261 13,895 - 207,617 Special Mention 5,804 - 4,307 - - - - 10,111 Substandard - - - - - - - - Substandard-Nonaccrual 1,128 - - - - - - 1,128 Total 109,467 27,955 35,127 16,151 16,261 13,895 - 218,856 Residential mortgage: Pass 360,424 17,875 8,065 3,070 6,015 19,967 - 415,416 Special Mention - - - - - 1,244 - 1,244 Substandard - - - - - - - - Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 360,424 17,875 8,065 3,070 6,015 21,211 - 416,660 Consumer and other: Pass 491 2 40 1,426 14 1,000 13,756 16,729 Special Mention - - - - - - - - Substandard 15 - - - - - - 15 Substandard-Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - Total 506 2 40 1,426 14 1,000 13,756 16,744 Total loans $ 1,359,286 421,591 $ 244,397 $ 138,204 $ 131,061 $ 294,461 $ 501,788 $ 3,090,788 Risk Grades:. Pass $ 1,342,913 398,997 $ 239,162 $ 135,950 $ 129,383 $ 283,326 $ 490,331 $ 3,020,062 Special Mention 9,941 8,154 5,198 764 1,376 5,619 5,955 37,007 Substandard 4,709 12,814 - 1,490 302 5,442 5,502 30,259 Substandard-Nonaccrual 1,723 1,626 37 - - 74 - 3,460 Grand Total $ 1,359,286 421,591 $ 244,397 $ 138,204 $ 131,061 $ 294,461 $ 501,788 $ 3,090,788 The amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by business assets was $446,000 and $1,028,000 at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectfully. When management determines that foreclosures are probable, expected credit losses for collateral-dependent loans are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. For loans for which foreclosure is not probable, but for which repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, management has elected the practical expedient under ASC 326 to estimate expected credit losses based on the fair value of collateral, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. The class of loan represents the primary collateral type associated with the loan. Significant quarter over quarter changes are reflective of changes in nonaccrual status and not necessarily associated with credit quality indicators like appraisal value. The book balance of troubled debt restructurings at June 30, 2022 was $177,000 of accruing loans. The book balance of troubled debt restructurings at December 31, 2021 was $500,000 which included $372,000 of nonaccrual loans and $128,000 of accruing loans. There were no specific reserves established with respect to these loans as of June 30, 2022, and approximately $290,000 in specific reserves were established with respect to these loans as of December 31, 2021. There were no loans modified as a troubled debt restructuring during the six months ended June 30, 2022. There was The following table presents loans by class modified as troubled debt restructurings for the period indicated: During the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 Pre-modification Post-modification Number Outstanding Outstanding of Recor |