Ipass (IPAS) 10-K 8 Mar 18 2017 FY Annual report Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Feb. 28, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	IPASS INC
Entity Central Index Key	1,053,374
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Document Type	10-K
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2017
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2,017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		70,345,276
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Public Float			$ 85,539,763

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 5,159	$ 16,072
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $151 and $142, respectively	8,717	12,361
Prepaid expenses	1,641	1,344
Other current assets	712	225
Total current assets	16,229	30,002
Property and equipment, net	1,334	2,485
Other assets	840	688
Total assets	18,403	33,175
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	9,044	7,069
Accrued liabilities	3,734	3,874
Deferred revenue, short-term	3,723	2,412
Total current liabilities	16,501	13,355
Deferred revenue, long-term	102	67
Other long-term liabilities	1,009	1,123
Total liabilities	17,612	14,545
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value (250,000,000 shares authorized; 69,250,276 and 65,776,605 shares issued and outstanding, respectively)	71	68
Additional paid-in capital	226,490	223,777
Accumulated deficit	(225,770)	(205,215)
Total stockholders’ equity	791	18,630
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 18,403	$ 33,175

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 151	$ 142
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock shares authorized	250,000,000	250,000,000
Common stock shares issued	69,250,276	65,776,605
Common stock shares outstanding	69,250,276	65,776,605

Consolidated Statements of Oper

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 54,401	$ 63,222	$ 62,564
Cost of revenues and operating expenses:
Network access costs	38,548	33,150	28,472
Network operations	6,235	7,411	9,788
Research and development	7,953	7,276	9,987
Sales and marketing	10,245	11,154	10,334
General and administrative	11,482	10,792	14,662
Restructuring charges and related adjustments	0	788	4,232
Total cost of revenues and operating expenses	74,463	70,571	77,475
Operating loss	(20,062)	(7,349)	(14,911)
Interest income (expense), net	67	36	(54)
Foreign exchange losses	(378)	(234)	(87)
Other income (expenses), net	12	0	(134)
Loss from operations before income taxes	(20,361)	(7,547)	(15,186)
Provision for income taxes	(194)	(223)	(307)
Net loss	(20,555)	(7,770)	(15,493)
Comprehensive loss	$ (20,555)	$ (7,770)	$ (15,493)
Net loss per share - basic and diluted (in usd per share)	$ (0.31)	$ (0.12)	$ (0.25)
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted (in shares)	66,060,470	64,344,937	62,940,299

Consolidated Statements of Stoc

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2014	$ 38,481	$ 65	$ 220,368	$ 0	$ (181,952)
Beginning Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2014		64,754,000
Exercise of stock options-common stock issued, Shares	131,780	132,000
Exercise of stock options-common stock issued	$ 116	$ 0	116
Restricted stock granted, Shares		140,000
Restricted stock cancelled, Shares		(1,720,000)
Employee stock purchase plan-common stock issued, Shares	79,009	78,000
Employee stock purchase plan-common stock issued	$ 71		71
Disgorgement of profit	4		4
Stock-based compensation	(578)		(578)
Net loss	(15,493)				(15,493)
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2015	$ 22,601	$ 65	219,981		(197,445)
Ending Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2015		63,384,000
Exercise of stock options-common stock issued, Shares	2,650,009	2,650,000
Exercise of stock options-common stock issued	$ 3,003	$ 3	3,000
Restricted stock granted, Shares		60,000
Restricted stock cancelled, Shares		(30,000)
Employee stock purchase plan-common stock issued, Shares	51,341	52,000
Employee stock purchase plan-common stock issued	$ 37		37
Repurchased common stock	(345)	$ (339)	(345)
Stock-based compensation	1,104		1,104
Net loss	(7,770)				(7,770)
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 18,630	$ 68	223,777	0	(205,215)
Ending Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2016	65,776,605	65,777,000
Exercise of stock options-common stock issued, Shares	175,926	176,000
Exercise of stock options-common stock issued	$ 181		181
Restricted stock granted, Shares		50,000
Employee stock purchase plan-common stock issued, Shares	139,592	139,000
Employee stock purchase plan-common stock issued	$ 115		115
Proceeds from common stock purchase agreement, net issuance cost of $138 (in shares)		3,108,000
Proceeds from common stock purchase agreement, net issuance cost of $138	1,066	$ 3	1,063
Stock-based compensation	1,354		1,354
Net loss	(20,555)				(20,555)
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 791	$ 71	$ 226,490	$ 0	$ (225,770)
Ending Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2017	69,250,276	69,250,000

Consolidated Statements of Sto6

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Stock issuance costs	$ 138

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (20,555)	$ (7,770)	$ (15,493)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense (benefit)	1,354	1,104	(578)
Depreciation and amortization	1,591	2,469	2,945
Deferred income taxes	0	0	107
Loss on disposal of property and equipment	0	0	7
Provision for doubtful accounts	210	11	83
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	3,434	(2,626)	234
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(784)	1,535	(529)
Other assets	(152)	2	243
Accounts payable	2,348	414	(946)
Accrued liabilities	(224)	(628)	(1,854)
Deferred revenue	1,346	(73)	2,000
Other liabilities	(114)	80	164
Net cash used in operating activities	(11,546)	(5,482)	(13,617)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(813)	(581)	(812)
Change in restricted cash	0	0	1,550
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(813)	(581)	738
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from common stock purchase agreement	1,204	0	0
Issuance cost of common stock purchase agreement	(54)	0	0
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock and disgorgement of profit	296	3,040	191
Principal payments for vendor financed property and equipment	0	(854)	(832)
Stock repurchase	0	(345)	0
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	1,446	1,841	(641)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(10,913)	(4,222)	(13,520)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	16,072	20,294	33,814
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	5,159	16,072	20,294
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Net cash paid for taxes	235	242	233
Accrued amounts for acquisition of property and equipment	0	373	9
Accrued issuance cost of common stock purchase agreement	84	0	0
Value of commitment shares issued with the common stock purchase agreement	$ 450	$ 0	$ 0

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation Basis of Presentation The Company's consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of iPass Inc. (the “Company”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated. The Company reports comprehensive loss in a single continuous financial statement within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The Company’s comprehensive loss is equivalent to its net loss because the Company does not have any transactions that are recorded through other comprehensive loss. Going Concern The Company has historically relied on existing cash and cash equivalents for its liquidity needs. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had $5.2 million in cash and cash equivalents. In November 2017, the Company entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement ("CSPA") with Aspire Capital Fund, LLC, ("Aspire Capital"). The agreement allows the Company to sell up to $10.0 million worth of common stock to Aspire Capital over a 24 months period. Upon execution of the agreement on November 16, 2017, Aspire Capital purchased from the Company 1,867,692 shares of common stock for a total purchase price of $1.0 million . In addition, the Company issued 840,461 commitment shares to Aspire Capital. Beyond the initial purchase, the Company, at its discretion, has the right to direct Aspire Capital to purchase additional shares up to a daily maximum of 200,000 shares. The Company and Aspire Capital may mutually agree to increase this by an additional 2,000,000 shares in a given business day. However, the total number of shares issued to Aspire Capital cannot exceed 19.99% of the Company's total outstanding shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2017, the Company sold an additional 400,000 shares to Aspire Capital for $0.2 million . The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared on a going concern basis in accordance with GAAP. The going concern basis assumes that the Company will continue operations for the next twelve months from the date the consolidated financial statements are issued and will be able to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects that may result from the Company's inability to continue as a going concern. The Company's history of losses, limited liquidity, and other factors raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The Company may require additional financing, through either debt or equity arrangements. Equity and debt financing, however, might not be available when needed or, if available, might not be available on terms satisfactory to the Company. If the Company raises additional funds through equity financing, stockholders will experience dilution. Debt financing, if available, may involve covenants restricting operations or the Company's ability to incur additional debt. If the Company is unable to execute its business plan or obtain adequate financing and satisfactory financing terms, its ability to continue to support business growth and to respond to business challenges would be significantly limited as the Company may have to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate some or all of its initiatives, or reduce expenses which would harm operating results. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) . ASU 2014-09 requires entities to recognize revenue through the application of a five-step model, which includes identification of the contract, identification of the performance obligations, determination of the transaction price, allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations and recognition of revenue as the entity satisfies the performance obligations. In July 2015, the FASB deferred the effective data for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company will adopt the new guidance as of January 1, 2018. The plan is to adopt using the modified retrospective approach. Currently, the Company's primary source of revenue is derived from a series of monthly usage-based fees that are recognized when the customer's usage occurs and therefore recognition is not significantly different under the new guidance. The Company expects the primary impact of this guidance to be the initial capitalization of incremental commission paid to employees for signing of new customers, which will be amortized over the time period in which the benefit will be received. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) . ASU 2016-02 impacts any entity that enters a lease with some specified scope exceptions. The guidance updates and supersedes Topic 840, Leases . For public entities, ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods with those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting . This ASU affects entities that issue share-based payment awards to their employees. The ASU is designed to simplify several aspects of accounting for share-based payment award transactions which include the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, classification on the statement of cash flows and forfeiture rate calculations. The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 during the year ended December 31, 2017. Under ASU 2016-09, excess tax benefits and deficiencies are required to be recognized prospectively as part of provision for income taxes rather than additional paid-in capital. The Company's cumulative effect of windfall tax attributes are approximately $11.5 million . After applying the valuation allowance, no adjustment is recorded to the beginning retained earnings balance. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments . This update addresses how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows with the objective of reducing existing diversity in practice with respect to these items. Among the types of cash flows addressed are payments for costs related to debt prepayments or extinguishment, payments representing accreted interest on discounted debt, payments of contingent consideration after a business combination, proceeds from insurance claims and company-owned life insurance, and distributions from equity method investees, among others. The update is to be adopted retrospectively and is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect a material impact of adopting this guidance on its consolidated financial statements. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Intra-Equity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory (Topic 740) , which is intended to eliminate diversity in practice and provide a more accurate depiction of the tax consequences on intercompany asset transfers (excluding inventory). This update requires entities to immediately recognize the tax consequences on intercompany asset transfers (excluding inventory) at the transaction date, rather than deferring the tax consequences under current GAAP. The update will be effective for the Company’s first quarter of fiscal year 2019 and requires a modified retrospective method of adoption. Early adoption is permitted, but only in the first quarter of an entity’s annual fiscal year. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash . The update requires entities to include in their cash and cash-equivalent balances in the statement of cash flows those amounts that are deemed to be restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. The standard will be effective for us beginning January 1, 2018 and will require a retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect that the update will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies (Notes)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Significant Accounting Policies	Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used for, but not limited to revenue, the valuation of accounts receivables, other long-lived assets, stock-based compensation, legal contingencies, deferred revenue, network access costs, income taxes, and sales tax liabilities. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Actual results could differ from the estimates made by management with respect to these and other items. Foreign Currency Accounting The U.S. dollar is the functional currency for the Company and all of its subsidiaries; therefore, the Company does not have a translation adjustment recorded through accumulated other comprehensive loss. While the Company’s revenue contracts are denominated in U.S. dollars, the Company has foreign operations that incur expenses in various foreign currencies and does purchase some network access costs in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured using the current exchange rate at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities and capital accounts are remeasured using historical exchange rates. Foreign currency exchange gains and losses are presented separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with a remaining maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of investments in institutional money market funds. Concentrations of Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Substantially all of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held by two financial institutions. The Company is exposed to risk in the event of default by these financial institutions or the issuers of these securities to the extent the balances are in excess of amounts that are insured by the FDIC. The Company’s receivables are derived from revenue earned from customers located primarily in the United States and EMEA. The Company provides credit to its customers in the normal course of business and requires no collateral to secure accounts receivable. The Company maintains an allowance for potentially uncollectible accounts receivable based on its assessment of the collectability of accounts receivable. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on customer-specific identification, which encompasses various factors, including: the Company’s review of credit profiles of its customers, age of the accounts receivable balances, contractual terms and conditions, current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay and historical payment experience. As of December 31, 2017, accounts receivables from customers in the EMEA region and in the United States represented 66% and 28% of total accounts receivable, respectively. 65% of our accounts receivables balance were due within the Company’s standard credit term of 30 days and 98% were aged less than 90 days past due. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, two customers each represents approximately 10% of total receivables. For the year ended December 31, 2017, two suppliers represented 37% and 10% of total network access costs, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2016, one suppliers represented 29% of total network access costs. For the year ended December 31, 2015, two suppliers represented 26% and 11% of total network access costs, respectively. Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment, net are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation or amortization. Depreciation of property and equipment and amortization of leasehold improvements are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets as follows: • Equipment: 3 to 5 years • Furniture and fixtures: 5 years • Computer software: 3 to 5 years • Leasehold improvements: the shorter of the useful life of the leasehold improvements or the term of the underlying lease Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Construction in progress is related to the construction or development of property and equipment that has not yet been placed in service. Depreciation for equipment and computer software begins once it is placed in service and depreciation for leasehold improvements commences once they are ready for intended use. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, along with net operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized as income or loss in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company records net deferred tax assets to the extent management believe these assets would more likely than not be realized. In making such determination, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. In the event management was to determine that the Company would be able to realize the deferred income tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, the Company would make an adjustment to the valuation allowance which would reduce the provision for income taxes. The Tax Reform Legislation provides for a one-time “deemed repatriation” of accumulated foreign earnings of $5.6 million , offset by the participation exemption of $3.1 million , for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company does not expect to pay U.S. federal cash taxes on the deemed repatriation due to its current year taxable loss position. The Company does not expect that the future foreign earnings will be subject to U.S. federal income tax since the Company intends to continue reinvesting such earnings outside the U.S. indefinitely. The amount of cash and cash equivalents held by the Company’s foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $0.3 million and $0.4 million , respectively. The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes using a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. The Company classifies the liability for unrecognized tax benefits as current to the extent that the Company anticipates payment (or receipt) of cash within one year. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates and could significantly affect the effective tax rate and cash flows in future years. The Company recognizes estimated interest and penalties relating to income tax uncertainties as a component of the provision for income taxes. Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation expense is estimated at the grant date based on the award’s fair value and is recognized as expense over the award’s requisite service period. Awards that vest based on service criteria are expensed on a straight-line basis. Awards having accelerated vesting based on achieving certain performance criteria are expensed on graded vesting basis over the vesting period, after assessing the probability of achieving the requisite performance criteria. The Company’s stock-based payment awards to employees and directors include stock options, restricted stock units and awards, and employee purchase rights granted in connection with the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Certain restricted stock awards have performance-based goals based on the achievement of various targeted quarterly metrics, any of which require an assessment of the probability and timing of vesting. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options and employee purchase rights on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model that requires the use of assumptions such as expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, risk-free interest rates and expected dividends. The expected stock price volatility is based on historical volatility and the expected term is based on the historical average expected term. Because stock-based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. The expected forfeiture rate is based upon the historical experience of employee turnover and certain other factors. To the extent the actual forfeiture rate is different from the expected rate, stock-based compensation expense is adjusted accordingly. Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized when all four revenue recognition criteria have been met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, service has been provided to the customer, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. When the above criteria are not met, revenue is deferred and recognized upon cash collection, upon acceptance of a completion certificate from the customer or when the service is rendered, depending on the type of fee or service arrangement. We report revenue net of sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental taxing authorities. Network Fees The Company recognizes network fees during the period the services are rendered to the end-users based on usage or a flat fee. The Company has two types of flat fee arrangements for its network services. The first is a recurring flat fee that is billed at the same dollar amount each month. The second is a recurring fee calculated based on a flat fee per user per month, of which the dollar amount billed would differ month-to-month depending on the number of users using the Company’s services during a given month. The Company frequently requires customers to commit to minimum network fees associated with monthly, quarterly or annual minimum network usage or over the term of the arrangement. For example, customers that have agreed to a Minimum Monthly Commitment ("MMC"), the customer’s monthly invoice reflects the greater of the customer’s actual usage for the month or the MMC for that month. If the MMC exceeds actual usage (a “Shortfall”), the Company determines whether the Shortfall is fixed or determinable. If the Company concludes that the Shortfall is fixed or determinable, based upon the customer's specific billing history, and other revenue recognition criteria have been met, the Company recognizes as revenue the amount of Shortfall which is invoiced. If the Company concludes that the Shortfall is not fixed or determinable, the Company recognizes revenue when the Shortfall amount is collected. The Company also bills certain network fees upfront and recognizes such fees ratably over the term as services are provided. Platform Services and Other Fees Platform services are any services that allow a user to connect to a network using the iPass application. Fees for this service are typically based upon a monthly rate, and revenue is recognized during the month the services are provided. Revenue related to iPassConnect (“iPC”) fees, including extended support fees as the iPC product reached end-of-life in 2012, and Open Mobile Platform fees are typically based upon a monthly rate (per user rate or a flat fee) and are recognized during the month the services are provided. Start-up support service fees representing charges to new customers, customization services and standard training may be billed up-front in advance and recognized as revenue over the term of the contract or service delivery. Sales of big data analytics, branded as Veri-Fi, is recognized when all four revenue criteria have been met. For evidence of delivery, the Company concludes this criteria is satisfied when the data has been transferred because customers are able to fully benefit upon receipt. In instances when partial data ordered by a customer has been delivered before period end, the Company recognizes in proportional to the number of days of data provided to the customer. Deferred Revenue The Company defers revenue for services that are billed in advance or prepaid as required per customer agreements. Revenue is recognized as the services are being delivered, or ratably over the estimated service period, depending on the nature of the service. Amounts expected to be recognized as revenue within one year are classified as short-term. For services that have been billed but not yet performed and the related receivable has not been collected, for balance sheet presentation purposes, the Company offsets the deferred revenue with the related accounts receivable, despite the receivable representing an enforceable obligation. Network Access Costs Network access costs represent the amounts paid to network access providers for the usage of their networks. The Company has minimum purchase commitments with some network service providers for access that it expects to utilize during the term of the contracts. Costs of minimum purchase contracts are recognized as network access costs at the greater of the minimum commitment or actual usage. Advertising Expenses Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 were approximately $18,000 and $45,000 , $ 46,000 , respectively. Internal Use Software Development Costs The Company follows the guidance set forth in ASC 350-40, Internal Use Software , (“ASC 350-40”), in accounting for the development of its application service and other internal use applications. ASC 350-40 requires companies to capitalize qualifying computer software costs, which are incurred during the application development stage. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred. The Company did not capitalize any internally developed software in 2017. The Company capitalized $0.3 million and $0.1 million in 2016 and 2015, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expenses related to the Company's internally developed software was approximately $0.8 million , and $0.8 million and $0.9 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Management evaluates the useful lives of the Company’s assets on an annual basis and tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets. There were no impairments to long lived assets during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015.

Financial Instruments and Fair

Financial Instruments and Fair Value	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Financial Instruments and Fair Value	Financial Instruments and Fair Value Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction in the principal or most advantageous market between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. Fair Value Hierarchy The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are as follows: • Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; • Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and • Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The recurring fair values of these financial assets (excluding cash) were determined using the following inputs at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively: As of December 31, 2017 As of December 31, 2016 Fair Value Measured Using Total Balance Fair Value Measured Using Total Balance Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 (In thousands) Financial assets Money market funds (1) $ 4,175 $ — $ — $ 4,175 $ 14,083 $ — $ — $ 14,083 Total financial assets $ 4,175 $ — $ — $ 4,175 $ 14,083 $ — $ — $ 14,083 (1) Held in cash and cash equivalents on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. There were no transfers between Level 1, 2, and 3 between December 31, 2017 and December 31, 201 6. As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the carrying amount of accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and deferred revenue approximates fair value due to their short maturities. (Refer to Note 7 and 8 for discussion related to Accrued Restructuring and Vendor Financed Property and Equipment).

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment Property and equipment, net consisted of the following: As of 2017 2016 (In thousands) Equipment $ 10,698 $ 10,492 Furniture and fixtures 246 378 Computer software 10,723 10,431 Construction in progress 36 303 Leasehold improvements 483 536 22,186 22,140 Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization (20,852 ) (19,655 ) Property and equipment, net $ 1,334 $ 2,485 Depreciation expense for operations was approximately $1.6 million , $2.5 million , and $2.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company retired $0.4 million of gross property and equipment and did not incur a material loss on disposal. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company retired less than $0.1 million of gross property and equipment. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company retired approximately $2.2 million of gross property and equipment related to operations and did not incur a material loss on disposal. During 2013, the Company acquired approximately $2.6 million of enterprise database software and infrastructure hardware. During April 2014, the Company acquired approximately $0.5 million of additional enterprise infrastructure hardware. As of December 31, 2016, the net book value of this enterprise database software and infrastructure hardware in computer software and equipment held by the Company was approximately $0.1 million . During 2016, the Company extended the license related to the previously acquired software for approximately $0.5 million to be paid over one year . As of December 31, 2017, all payments were completed.

Other Assets

Other Assets	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Other Assets [Abstract]
Other Assets	Other Assets Other assets (non-current) consisted of the following: As of 2017 2016 (In thousands) Deposits $ 503 $ 480 Long-term deferred tax asset, net 209 208 Long-term tax receivable 128 — $ 840 $ 688

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued Liabilities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]
Accrued Liabilities	Accrued Liabilities Accrued liabilities consisted of the following: As of 2017 2016 (In thousands) Tax liabilities $ 886 $ 927 Accrued bonus, commissions and other employee benefits 522 808 Accrued property and equipment — 373 Amounts due to customers 962 869 Legal fee accruals 492 34 Other accrued liabilities 872 863 $ 3,734 $ 3,874

Accrued Restructuring (Notes)

Accrued Restructuring (Notes)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Accrued Restructuring	Accrued Restructuring During the year ended December 31, 2009, the Company announced restructuring plans (the “2009 Plans”) to reduce operating costs and focus resources on key strategic priorities, which resulted in a workforce reduction of 146 positions across all functional areas and abandonment of certain facilities and termination of a contract obligation. As of December 31, 2014, the Company had remaining lease payments of approximately $0.1 million , which were recorded at fair value at the time of restructuring plan was announced. As of December 31, 2015, the Company completed all the related payments associated with this restructuring plan. During the third quarter of 2014, the Company announced a restructuring plan (the "Q3 2014 Plan") to re-align its cost structure as a result of the divestiture of its Unity business, which resulted in a workforce reduction of approximately 20 employees worldwide and the termination of lease contracts for certain leased facilities. The Company recorded approximately $0.7 million of restructuring charges during fiscal year 2014, and had less than $0.1 million of payments remaining as of December 31, 2014. As of December 31, 2015, the Company completed all the related payments associated with this restructuring plan. During the second quarter of 2015, the Company announced a restructuring plan (the "Q2 2015 Plan") intended to flatten the organization, create a more nimble sales and delivery infrastructure to support a SaaS go to market strategy, and accelerate the cash flow break-even point for the Company. The Q2 2015 Plan reduced headcount globally by approximately 14% and the Company recorded approximately $4.2 million of restructuring charges during fiscal year 2015 and had approximately $0.2 million of payments remaining as of December 31, 2015 for employees termination costs. As of December 31, 2016 the Company completed all the related payments associated with this restructuring plan. During the first quarter of 2016, the Company announced a restructuring plan (the "Q1 2016 Plan") and reduced headcount globally by 57 employees, or 30% of the workforce, and primarily eliminated positions in engineering and network operations groups, including a reduction of personnel in India. This resulted in a charge of approximately $0.8 million in 2016, and as of December 31, 2016 the Company had completed all of the related payments associated this restructuring Plan. The following is a rollforward of restructuring liability for the above Plans: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In thousands) Beginning balance $ — $ 250 $ 160 Restructuring charges and related adjustments — 788 4,232 Payments and adjustments (1,038 ) (4,142 ) Ending balance $ — $ — $ 250

Vendor Financed Property and Eq

Vendor Financed Property and Equipment (Notes)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Vendor Financed Property and Equipment [Text Block]	Vendor Financed Property and Equipment In October 2013, the Company acquired enterprise database software and infrastructure hardware. This purchase was financed through a vendor and was to be paid over three years . In April 2014, the Company acquired additional enterprise infrastructure hardware which was financed through the vendor and is to be paid over two years . The total purchase financed by a vendor was approximately $3.1 million . Since October 2013, the Company made approximately $3.1 million of principal payments, and as of December 31, 2016 the Company had completed all remaining principal payments. In October 2016, the Company extended the license related to the previously acquired software for approximately $0.5 million to be paid over one year . Since October 2016, the Company made approximately $0.5 million of payments, and as of December 31, 2017, all payments were completed.

Income Taxes (Notes)

Income Taxes (Notes)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The provision for income taxes is based on loss from operations for 2017, 2016 and 2015 before taxes as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In thousands) U.S source loss $ (21,336 ) $ (8,167 ) $ (16,251 ) Foreign source income 975 620 1,065 Loss before income taxes $ (20,361 ) $ (7,547 ) $ (15,186 ) The provision for income taxes consisted of the following: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In thousands) Current: U.S. federal $ (238 ) $ — $ — State 7 9 (7 ) Foreign 426 200 207 $ 195 $ 209 $ 200 Deferred: U.S. federal — — — State — — — Foreign (1 ) 14 107 (1 ) 14 107 Provision for income taxes $ 194 $ 223 $ 307 Income tax expense was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, of approximately $0.2 million, $0.2 million, and $0.3 million, respectively. The income tax expense recorded in the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, primarily relates to foreign taxes on expected profits in the foreign jurisdictions. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes as well as net operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company provided a full valuation allowance on its net deferred tax assets in the United States, United Kingdom, Israel, Singapore, Australia and Japan. The components of deferred tax assets (liabilities) consisted of the following: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 (In thousands) Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carry forwards $ 25,309 $ 30,243 Reserves and accruals 1,392 1,507 Research and other tax credits 7,099 6,255 Share based compensation 1,687 2,456 Property and equipment 1,336 2,493 Total deferred tax assets $ 36,823 $ 42,954 Valuation allowance (36,177 ) (41,788 ) Net deferred tax assets 646 1,166 Deferred tax liabilities: Property and equipment (437 ) (958 ) Total net deferred tax assets $ 209 $ 208 The provision for income taxes for operations differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to pretax loss before income taxes as a result of the following: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Federal statutory rate (35 )% (35 )% (35 )% State taxes, net of federal benefit (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) Amortization of stock-based compensation 1 6 1 Research and development benefit (2 ) (2 ) (3 ) Deemed repatriated foreign earnings 1 1 6 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 4 — — Other — 1 — Rate differential impact on Tax Cuts and Jobs Act 74 — — Valuation allowance (41 ) 33 34 Provision for income taxes 1 % 3 % 2 % On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (P.L. 115-97, the "Act") was signed into law. Among other changes is a permanent reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. As a result of the reduction in the corporate income tax rate, the Company revalued its net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017. The Company measured a reduction in the value of the gross deferred tax assets of approximately $15.0 million , which was fully offset by the change in valuation allowance of $15.0 million . Because of the complexity of the provision for the one-time deemed repatriation of accumulated foreign earnings for the year ended December 31, 2017, under the guidance of Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 the Company has reported a provisional amount of $5.6 million for the income inclusion and $3.1 million for the participation exemption under the Act, for which the accounting is incomplete but a reasonable estimate can be determined. The Company required additional time to gather the complete information and finalize the analysis. The analysis will be finalized upon the tax return filing. Provisional amounts or adjustments to provisional amounts identified in the measurement period, as defined, would be included as an adjustment to tax expense or benefit from operations in the period the amounts are determined. The Company has determined a reasonable estimate of $2.5 million one-time deemed repatriation of foreign earnings inclusion after the participation exemption for the tax reform effects, and reported the estimates as a provisional amount in its financial statements for which the accounting under ASC Topic 740 is completed. The Company will finalize the calculation in 2018 before filing the 2017 tax return. In January 2018, the FASB released guidance on the accounting for tax on the global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") provision of the Act. The GILTI provisions impose a tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of foreign corporations. The guidance indicates that either accounting for deferred taxes related to GILTI inclusions or to treat any taxes on GILTI inclusions as period costs are both acceptable methods subject to an accounting policy election. Effective January 1, 2018, the Company will elect to treat any potential GILTI inclusions as a period cost as the Company is not projecting any material impact from the GILTI inclusions and any deferred taxes related to any inclusion would be immaterial. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had gross cumulative net operating loss carry forwards for federal and state tax reporting purposes of approximately $103.5 million and $49.4 million , respectively, which expire in various periods between 2018 and 2037. Included in the valuation allowance as of December 31, 2017, is approximately $8.4 million related to net operating loss carry forwards in Israel. Utilization of the net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards are subject to annual limitations due to certain ownership change rules provided by the Internal Revenue Service Code of 1986, as amended and similar state provisions. As of December 31, 2017, the Company also has research and development tax credit carry forwards of approximately $3.3 million and $4.8 million for federal and state income tax purposes, respectively. If not utilized, the federal carry forwards will expire in various amounts through 2037. The state credit can be carried forward indefinitely. The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands): Balance at January 1, 2015 $ 6,674 Increases for positions taken in prior years 483 Increases for positions related to the current year 320 FX impact (11 ) Decreases for statutes lapsing (20 ) Settlements with taxing authorities — Balance at December 31, 2015 7,446 Increases for positions taken in prior years — Increases for positions related to the current year 149 Decreases for positions taken in prior years (1,359 ) Decreases for statutes lapsing (21 ) FX impact (7 ) Balance at December 31, 2016 6,208 Increases for positions taken in prior years — Increases for positions related to the current year 170 Decreases for positions taken in prior years (608 ) Decreases for statutes lapsing (23 ) FX impact 18 Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 5,765 The change in unrecognized tax benefits primarily relates to prior year operating losses, certain research and development tax credits, and transfer pricing. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the company had $0.8 million and $0.7 million , respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, will have an impact on the Company's effective tax rate. It is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change in 2018. Decreases in the unrecognized tax benefits will result from the lapsing of statutes of limitations and the possible completion of tax audits in various jurisdictions. Increases will primarily result from tax positions expected to be taken on tax returns for 2018 or unanticipated findings on tax audits of open years in various jurisdictions. In accordance with its accounting policy, the Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters in the provision for income taxes; which were not considered material during 2017, 2016, and 2015. The Company’s major taxing jurisdictions are U.S. Federal, California, the U.K. and India. In the normal course of the Company’s business, the Company is subject to income tax audits in various jurisdictions. Years 2007 to 2017 remain open to examination by certain of these major taxing jurisdictions. The Company currently has income tax audits in progress in India and has accrued approximately $0.7 million in connection with these audits.

Stockholders' Equity (Notes)

Stockholders' Equity (Notes)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity	Stockholders’ Equity Common Stock On November 17, 2017, the Company entered into a CSPA with Aspire Capital that allows the Company to sell up to $10.0 million worth of common stock to Aspire Capital over a 24 month period. Upon execution of the agreement, Aspire Capital purchased from the Company 1,867,692 shares of common stock at a per share price of $0.5354 for a total purchase price of $1.0 million . The Company also issued to Aspire Capital 840,461 commitment shares. The Company incurred approximately $0.1 million in related issuance costs. Beyond the initial purchase, the Company, at its discretion, has the right to direct Aspire Capital to purchase additional shares up to a daily maximum of 200,000 shares. As of December 31, 2017, the Company sold an additional 400,000 shares to Aspire Capital for $0.2 million , resulting in a total of 3,108,153 shares issued to Aspire Capital. Equity Incentive Plans The Company has two stock plans that permit it to grant stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units to employees (“Employee Plan”) and to directors (“Director Plan”). Stock options granted to employees generally vest 25% on the first anniversary of the grant date with the remainder vesting ratably over the remaining 36 months ; stock options generally expire 10 years after the date of grant. Restricted stock awards give the recipient the right to receive shares upon the lapse of the instruments’ time and/or performance-based restrictions. The restricted stock awards with time-based restrictions are considered outstanding at the time of grant, as the holders are entitled to dividends and voting rights. Employees may surrender a portion of their award shares to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations with respect to the vesting of restricted stock awards. Restricted stock awards with only performance-based restrictions are not considered outstanding until the performance criteria have been met and therefore are not entitled to dividends or voting rights at the time of grant. The performance-based restricted stock awards vest upon the achievement of pre-defined financial performance goals. During 2015, the Company granted a total of 1,200,000 shares of performance-based restricted stock awards, which vest on different dates, based on targeted trailing four quarters revenue of Open Mobile. In 2016, 600,000 shares of those performance-based restricted stock awards were canceled. In 2017, 600,000 shares of those performance-based restricted stock awards were canceled. As of December 31, 2017, there were no outstanding awards solely based on performance. During 2014, the Company granted a total of 420,000 shares of performance-based restricted stock awards that vest based on targeted quarterly revenue of Open Mobile which carry a service-condition to vest in full if performance has not been met at December 31, 2017; however, vesting will be accelerated upon the achievement of performance goals. None of the performance goals were met as of December 31, 2017 and 287,500 shares were canceled due to terminations while the remaining 132,500 shares were earned in full as of December 31, 2017. The following table summarizes the stock option and restricted stock activity under the Plans for the indicated periods: Shares Available for Future Grant Number of Options Outstanding Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share Number of Restricted Stock Awards and Units Outstanding Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share Balance at December 31, 2014 25,526,755 6,820,892 $ 1.64 2,661,425 $ 1.65 Authorized 3,246,685 Granted (1) (5,373,000 ) 4,033,000 $ 0.97 $ 0.45 1,340,000 $ 0.92 Options Exercised (131,780 ) $ 0.88 Restricted Stock Vested (43,334 ) $ 1.25 Terminated/canceled/forfeited 4,083,092 (1,604,167 ) $ 1.99 (2,478,925 ) $ 1.66 Balance at December 31, 2015 27,483,532 9,117,945 $ 1.29 1,479,166 $ 0.98 Authorized 3,229,224 Granted (4,197,000 ) 4,137,000 $ 1.24 $ 0.62 60,000 $ 1.21 Options Exercised (2,650,009 ) $ 1.13 Restricted Stock Vested (93,335 ) $ 1.08 Terminated/canceled/forfeited 2,554,651 (1,924,651 ) $ 1.91 (630,000 ) $ 0.92 Reduce Evergreen Shares (2) (15,000,000 ) Balance at December 31, 2016 14,070,407 8,680,285 $ 1.18 815,831 $ 1.03 Authorized Granted (1,696,000 ) 1,646,000 $ 1.22 $ 0.63 50,000 $ 1.40 Options Exercised (175,926 ) $ 1.03 Restricted Stock Vested (66,666 ) $ 1.20 Terminated/cancelled/forfeited 1,675,877 (1,075,877 ) $ 1.43 (600,000 ) 0.90 Balance at December 31, 2017 14,050,284 9,074,482 $ 1.16 199,165 $ 1.04 (1) Restricted stock granted during 2015 included 140,000 awards with time-based vesting criteria which have been included as shares outstanding on the consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity. The remaining 1,200,000 shares of restricted stock with performance-based vesting criteria are not considered outstanding until the performance criterion has been met and as such, are excluded from shares outstanding . (2) On July 5, 2016, the Board of Directors of Company resolved to reduce the share reserve under the iPass Inc. 2003 Equity Incentive Plan ("Plan") by 15,000,000 shares, and eliminate the "evergreen" provision in the Plan. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was approximately $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2017. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised were $0.8 million , and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, and 2015, respectively. The following table summarizes the stock options outstanding and exercisable by range of exercise prices as of December 31, 2017: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Range of Exercise Prices Number Weighted- Weighted- Number Weighted-Average $0.62— $0.94 3,135,880 7.47 $ 0.88 1,875,703 $ 0.90 0.95 — 1.18 3,053,290 7.62 1.14 1,643,158 1.12 1.19— 2.48 2,885,312 8.13 1.50 1,099,598 1.64 Total 9,074,482 7.73 1.16 4,618,459 1.15 Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands) Options outstanding at December 31, 2017 9,074,482 $ 1.16 7.73 $ — Options vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2017 8,521,198 $ 1.16 7.73 $ — Options exercisable at December 31, 2017 4,618,459 $ 1.15 7.02 $ — Stock-Based Compensation The following table sets forth the total stock-based compensation expense from operations included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In thousands) Network operations $ 53 $ 33 $ (186 ) Research and development 183 131 (92 ) Sales and marketing 212 153 (80 ) General and administrative 906 787 (220 ) Total $ 1,354 $ 1,104 $ (578 ) The following table sets forth the total stock-based compensation expense by award-type: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In thousands) Stock options $ 1,169 $ 906 $ 484 Restricted stock 122 136 (1,138 ) Employee stock purchase plan 63 62 76 Total $ 1,354 $ 1,104 $ (578 ) As of December 31, 2017, there was $2.1 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options, net of expected forfeitures that will be recognized over the weighted average period of 2.4 years. As of December 31, 2017, there was less than $0.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the unvested restricted stock awards granted, net of expected forfeitures which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average vesting period of 0.2 years. Valuation Assumptions The weighted average estimated fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 were calculated under the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, using the following weighted-average assumptions: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Risk-free rate 1.97 % 1.45 % 1.35 % Expected dividend yield — % — % — % Expected volatility 56 % 55 % 53 % Expected term 5.7 years 5.8 years 4.6 years Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. The expected term of stock options granted is based on the historical average expected term. The risk-free rate for periods within the expected term of the stock option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. During the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not pay any cash dividends on its common stock and does not expect to pay cash dividends in the future. Employee Stock Purchase Plan Under the Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), the Company can grant stock purchase rights to all eligible employees during a one-year offering period with purchase dates at the end of each six-month purchase period (each April and October). As of December 31, 2017, the Company reserved 7.5 million shares of common stock for issuance under the ESPP plan and approximately 4.4 million shares remain available for future issuance. The ESPP plan permits employees to purchase common stock through payroll deductions of up to 15% on an employee’s compensation, including commissions, overtime, bonuses and other incentive compensation. The purchase price per share is equal to the lower of 85% of the fair market value per share at the beginning of the offering period, or 85% of the fair market value per share on the semi-annual purchase date. No participant may purchase more than 2,500 shares per offering or $25,000 worth of common stock in any one calendar year. During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, 139,592 , 51,341 , and 79,009 shares were purchased at average per share prices of $0.83 , $0.72 , and $0.91 , respectively. Compensation cost related to the Company’s employee stock purchase plan is calculated using the fair value of the employees’ purchase rights granted. The estimated fair value of employee purchase rights granted during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Risk-free rate 1.38 % 0.58 % 0.32 % Expected dividend yield — % — % — % Expected volatility 92 % 44 % 62 % Expected term 0.5 to 1 year 0.5 to 1 year 0.5 to 1 year Stock Repurchase Program On November 3, 2015, the Board authorized a share repurchase program of up to $3.0 million of the Company’s Common Stock beginning in the fourth quarter of 2015. Under the repurchase program, the Company was authorized to repurchase shares through open market purchases, in accordance with applicable federal securities laws, including through trading plans under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934. The repurchase program ran through December 31, 2016. The number of shares repurchased and the timing of purchases were based on general business and market conditions, and other factors, including legal requirements. During 2015, no shares had been repurchased under this program. During 2016, the Company repurchased 339,228 shares for $ 345,296 under the repurchase program, for an average price of $1.02 per share. As of December 31, 2016 the repurchase program terminated.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies Leases and Purchase Commitments The Company leases facilities under operating leases that expire at various dates through October 2020. Certain leases are cancellable prior to lease expiration dates. The terms of certain operating leases provide for rental payments on a graduated scale. The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the respective lease periods and has accrued for rent expense incurred but not paid. Future minimum lease payments under these operating leases, as of December 31, 2017, are as follows: Operating Leases (In thousands) Year ending December 31: 2018 $ 1,346 2019 1,190 2020 926 $ 3,462 Rent expense for operating leases, excluding leases accounted for under the Company’s restructuring plan for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $1.7 million , $1.7 million , and $1.9 million , respectively. The Company has contracts with certain network service providers which have minimum purchase commitments that expire on various dates through 2019. Future minimum purchase commitments under all agreements are as follows: Year ending December 31: Minimum Purchase Commitments (In thousands) 2018 $ 11,542 2019 636 $ 12,178 Sales Tax Liabilities The Company’s sales and use tax filings are subject to customary audits by authorities in the jurisdictions where it conducts business in the United States, which may result in assessments of additional taxes. During fiscal year 2009, the Company determined that additional sales taxes were probable of being assessed for multiple states as a result of the preliminary findings specific to a sales and use tax audit that had been initiated in the same year. As a result, in the third quarter of 2009, the Company estimated an incremental sales tax liability of approximately $5.0 million , including interest and penalties of approximately $1.5 million . During subsequent years, this liability was reduced through sales tax payments, settlements with certain state tax authorities and revised estimates of the sales tax liability to $0.9 million in 2017 and $1.0 million in 2016, which is included in other long-term liabilities. Unclaimed Property Compliance The Company has received notices from several states stating that they have appointed an agent to conduct an examination of the books and records of the Company to determine whether it has complied with state unclaimed property laws. In addition to seeking the turnover of unclaimed property subject to escheat laws, the states may seek interest, penalties, costs of examinations, and other relief. If the potential loss from any payment claim is considered probable and the amount or the range of the loss can be estimated, the Company accrues a liability for the estimated loss. To date, the Company is not able to estimate the possible payment, if any, due to the early state of this matter. Legal Proceedings The Company is involved in legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. While there can be no assurances as to the ultimate outcome of any litigation involving the Company, management does not believe any such pending legal proceeding or claim will result in a judgment or settlement that would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In the ordinary course of business, the Company may provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms to customers, business partners, and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the Company’s breach of such agreements, services to be provided by the Company, or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third-parties. Certain indemnification agreements may not be subject to maximum loss clauses. If the potential loss from any indemnification claim is considered probable and the amount or the range of the loss can be estimated, the Company accrues a liability for the estimated loss. To date, claims under such indemnification provisions have not been significant.

Employee 401(k) Plan (Notes)

Employee 401(k) Plan (Notes)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Compensation and Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]
Employee 401(k) Plan	Employee 401(k) Plan The Company sponsors a 401(k) plan covering all employees. Matching contributions to the plan are at the discretion of the Company. During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, there have been no employer contributions under this plan.

Net Loss Per Common Share

Net Loss Per Common Share	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net Loss Per Common Share	Note 13. Net Loss Per Common Share Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to shareholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to shareholders by the weighted average number of diluted shares outstanding. Unvested participating securities that vest based on service are included in the weighted daily average number of shares outstanding used in the calculation of basic net income per share and excluded in the calculation of basic net loss per share. When an entity has a loss from operations, including potential shares in the denominator of diluted per share computations will generally be anti-dilutive, even if the entity has net income after adjusting for discontinued operations. That is, including potential shares in the denominator of the earnings per share calculation for a loss-making entity will generally decrease the loss per share and, therefore those shares should be excluded from calculations of diluted earnings per share. Accordingly, for all periods presented, basic weighted-average shares outstanding were used in calculating the diluted net loss per share. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In thousands, except per share amounts) Net loss $ (20,555 ) $ (7,770 ) $ (15,493 ) Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted 66,060,470 64,344,937 62,940,299 Net loss per share $ (0.31 ) $ (0.12 ) $ (0.25 ) The following items have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because the effect of including these shares would have been anti-dilutive: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Options to purchase common stock 8,928,340 5,340,915 5,628,172 Restricted stock awards, including participating securities 199,165 265,832 1,907,500 Total 9,127,505 5,606,747 7,535,672 The weighted-average exercise price of options to purchase common stock excluded from the computation was $1.20 , $1.35 , and $1.50 , for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

Segment and Geographical Inform

Segment and Geographical Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment and Geographical Information	Note 14. Segment and Geographic Information The Company has one reportable operating segment, Mobile Connectivity Services. The Company's Mobile Connectivity Services offer a standard cloud-based solution allowing the Company's customers and their users access to the Company's global Wi-Fi network. The following table summarizes total Company revenue from operations by country or by geographical region: For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 United States 47 % 41 % 35 % Europe, Middle East and Africa 45 % 49 % 48 % Asia Pacific 5 % 9 % 15 % Rest of the world 3 % 1 % 2 % No individual country, except for the United States and Germany, accounted for 10% or more of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. No individual country, except for the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom, accounted for 10% or more of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015. Revenues in Germany accounted for 16% , 14% , and 15% of total revenues in 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Revenues in the United Kingdom accounted for 10% of total revenues in 2015. One customer accounted for 11% of total revenue as of December 31, 2017 and 10% of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Stock Repurchase Program

Stock Repurchase Program	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Equity [Abstract]
Stock Repurchase Program	Stockholders’ Equity Common Stock On November 17, 2017, the Company entered into a CSPA with Aspire Capital that allows the Company to sell up to $10.0 million worth of common stock to Aspire Capital over a 24 month period. Upon execution of the agreement, Aspire Capital purchased from the Company 1,867,692 shares of common stock at a per share price of $0.5354 for a total purchase price of $1.0 million . The Company also issued to Aspire Capital 840,461 commitment shares. The Company incurred approximately $0.1 million in related issuance costs. Beyond the initial purchase, the Company, at its discretion, has the right to direct Aspire Capital to purchase additional shares up to a daily maximum of 200,000 shares. As of December 31, 2017, the Company sold an additional 400,000 shares to Aspire Capital for $0.2 million , resulting in a total of 3,108,153 shares issued to Aspire Capital. Equity Incentive Plans The Company has two stock plans that permit it to grant stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units to employees (“Employee Plan”) and to directors (“Director Plan”). Stock options granted to employees generally vest 25% on the first anniversary of the grant date with the remainder vesting ratably over the remaining 36 months ; stock options generally expire 10 years after the date of grant. Restricted stock awards give the recipient the right to receive shares upon the lapse of the instruments’ time and/or performance-based restrictions. The restricted stock awards with time-based restrictions are considered outstanding at the time of grant, as the holders are entitled to dividends and voting rights. Employees may surrender a portion of their award shares to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations with respect to the vesting of restricted stock awards. Restricted stock awards with only performance-based restrictions are not considered outstanding until the performance criteria have been met and therefore are not entitled to dividends or voting rights at the time of grant. The performance-based restricted stock awards vest upon the achievement of pre-defined financial performance goals. During 2015, the Company granted a total of 1,200,000 shares of performance-based restricted stock awards, which vest on different dates, based on targeted trailing four quarters revenue of Open Mobile. In 2016, 600,000 shares of those performance-based restricted stock awards were canceled. In 2017, 600,000 shares of those performance-based restricted stock awards were canceled. As of December 31, 2017, there were no outstanding awards solely based on performance. During 2014, the Company granted a total of 420,000 shares of performance-based restricted stock awards that vest based on targeted quarterly revenue of Open Mobile which carry a service-condition to vest in full if performance has not been met at December 31, 2017; however, vesting will be accelerated upon the achievement of performance goals. None of the performance goals were met as of December 31, 2017 and 287,500 shares were canceled due to terminations while the remaining 132,500 shares were earned in full as of December 31, 2017. The following table summarizes the stock option and restricted stock activity under the Plans for the indicated periods: Shares Available for Future Grant Number of Options Outstanding Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share Number of Restricted Stock Awards and Units Outstanding Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share Balance at December 31, 2014 25,526,755 6,820,892 $ 1.64 2,661,425 $ 1.65 Authorized 3,246,685 Granted (1) (5,373,000 ) 4,033,000 $ 0.97 $ 0.45 1,340,000 $ 0.92 Options Exercised (131,780 ) $ 0.88 Restricted Stock Vested (43,334 ) $ 1.25 Terminated/canceled/forfeited 4,083,092 (1,604,167 ) $ 1.99 (2,478,925 ) $ 1.66 Balance at December 31, 2015 27,483,532 9,117,945 $ 1.29 1,479,166 $ 0.98 Authorized 3,229,224 Granted (4,197,000 ) 4,137,000 $ 1.24 $ 0.62 60,000 $ 1.21 Options Exercised (2,650,009 ) $ 1.13 Restricted Stock Vested (93,335 ) $ 1.08 Terminated/canceled/forfeited 2,554,651 (1,924,651 ) $ 1.91 (630,000 ) $ 0.92 Reduce Evergreen Shares (2) (15,000,000 ) Balance at December 31, 2016 14,070,407 8,680,285 $ 1.18 815,831 $ 1.03 Authorized Granted (1,696,000 ) 1,646,000 $ 1.22 $ 0.63 50,000 $ 1.40 Options Exercised (175,926 ) $ 1.03 Restricted Stock Vested (66,666 ) $ 1.20 Terminated/cancelled/forfeited 1,675,877 (1,075,877 ) $ 1.43 (600,000 ) 0.90 Balance at December 31, 2017 14,050,284 9,074,482 $ 1.16 199,165 $ 1.04 (1) Restricted stock granted during 2015 included 140,000 awards with time-based vesting criteria which have been included as shares outstanding on the consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity. The remaining 1,200,000 shares of restricted stock with performance-based vesting criteria are not considered outstanding until the performance criterion has been met and as such, are excluded from shares outstanding . (2) On July 5, 2016, the Board of Directors of Company resolved to reduce the share reserve under the iPass Inc. 2003 Equity Incentive Plan ("Plan") by 15,000,000 shares, and eliminate the "evergreen" provision in the Plan. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was approximately $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2017. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised were $0.8 million , and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, and 2015, respectively. The following table summarizes the stock options outstanding and exercisable by range of exercise prices as of December 31, 2017: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Range of Exercise Prices Number Weighted- Weighted- Number Weighted-Average $0.62— $0.94 3,135,880 7.47 $ 0.88 1,875,703 $ 0.90 0.95 — 1.18 3,053,290 7.62 1.14 1,643,158 1.12 1.19— 2.48 2,885,312 8.13 1.50 1,099,598 1.64 Total 9,074,482 7.73 1.16 4,618,459 1.15 Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands) Options outstanding at December 31, 2017 9,074,482 $ 1.16 7.73 $ — Options vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2017 8,521,198 $ 1.16 7.73 $ — Options exercisable at December 31, 2017 4,618,459 $ 1.15 7.02 $ — Stock-Based Compensation The following table sets forth the total stock-based compensation expense from operations included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In thousands) Network operations $ 53 $ 33 $ (186 ) Research and development 183 131 (92 ) Sales and marketing 212 153 (80 ) General and administrative 906 787 (220 ) Total $ 1,354 $ 1,104 $ (578 ) The following table sets forth the total stock-based compensation expense by award-type: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In thousands) Stock options $ 1,169 $ 906 $ 484 Restricted stock 122 136 (1,138 ) Employee stock purchase plan 63 62 76 Total $ 1,354 $ 1,104 $ (578 ) As of December 31, 2017, there was $2.1 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options, net of expected forfeitures that will be recognized over the weighted average period of 2.4 years. As of December 31, 2017, there was less than $0.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the unvested restricted stock awards granted, net of expected forfeitures which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average vesting period of 0.2 years. Valuation Assumptions The weighted average estimated fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 were calculated under the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, using the following weighted-average assumptions: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Risk-free rate 1.97 % 1.45 % 1.35 % Expected dividend yield — % — % — % Expected volatility 56 % 55 % 53 % Expected term 5.7 years 5.8 years 4.6 years Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. The expected term of stock options granted is based on the historical average expected term. The risk-free rate for periods within the expected term of the stock option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. During the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not pay any cash dividends on its common stock and does not expect to pay cash dividends in the future. Employee Stock Purchase Plan Under the Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), the Company can grant stock purchase rights to all eligible employees during a one-year offering period with purchase dates at the end of each six-month purchase period (each April and October). As of December 31, 2017, the Company reserved 7.5 million shares of common stock for issuance under the ESPP plan and approximately 4.4 million shares remain available for future issuance. The ESPP plan permits employees to purchase common stock through payroll deductions of up to 15% on an employee’s compensation, including commissions, overtime, bonuses and other incentive compensation. The purchase price per share is equal to the lower of 85% of the fair market value per share at the beginning of the offering period, or 85% of the fair market value per share on the semi-annual purchase date. No participant may purchase more than 2,500 shares per offering or $25,000 worth of common stock in any one calendar year. During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, 139,592 , 51,341 , and 79,009 shares were purchased at average per share prices of $0.83 , $0.72 , and $0.91 , respectively. Compensation cost related to the Company’s employee stock purchase plan is calculated using the fair value of the employees’ purchase rights granted. The estimated fair value of employee purchase rights granted during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Risk-free rate 1.38 % 0.58 % 0.32 % Expected dividend yield — % — % — % Expected volatility 92 % 44 % 62 % Expected term 0.5 to 1 year 0.5 to 1 year 0.5 to 1 year Stock Repurchase Program On November 3, 2015, the Board authorized a share repurchase program of up to $3.0 million of the Company’s Common Stock beginning in the fourth quarter of 2015. Under the repurchase program, the Company was authorized to repurchase shares through open market purchases, in accordance with applicable federal securities laws, including through trading plans under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934. The repurchase program ran through December 31, 2016. The number of shares repurchased and the timing of purchases were based on general business and market conditions, and other factors, including legal requirements. During 2015, no shares had been repurchased under this program. During 2016, the Company repurchased 339,228 shares for $ 345,296 under the repurchase program, for an average price of $1.02 per share. As of December 31, 2016 the repurchase program terminated.

Subsequent Event

Subsequent Event	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Event	Subsequent Events From January 1, 2018 to the date of the filing of this Form 10-K, the Company sold to Aspire Capital a total of 1,200,000 shares of common stock for a total of $0.5 million for an average per share purchase price of $0.45 .

Schedule II - Valuation and Qua

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Receivable	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE	SCHEDULE II—VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE Classification Balance at Additions Deductions Balance at (In thousands) Allowance for doubtful accounts: Year ended December 31 2017 $ 142 $ 210 $ 201 $ 151 2016 241 11 110 142 2015 172 83 14 241

Significant Accounting Polici25

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation The Company's consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of iPass Inc. (the “Company”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated. The Company reports comprehensive loss in a single continuous financial statement within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The Company’s comprehensive loss is equivalent to its net loss because the Company does not have any transactions that are recorded through other comprehensive loss.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) . ASU 2014-09 requires entities to recognize revenue through the application of a five-step model, which includes identification of the contract, identification of the performance obligations, determination of the transaction price, allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations and recognition of revenue as the entity satisfies the performance obligations. In July 2015, the FASB deferred the effective data for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company will adopt the new guidance as of January 1, 2018. The plan is to adopt using the modified retrospective approach. Currently, the Company's primary source of revenue is derived from a series of monthly usage-based fees that are recognized when the customer's usage occurs and therefore recognition is not significantly different under the new guidance. The Company expects the primary impact of this guidance to be the initial capitalization of incremental commission paid to employees for signing of new customers, which will be amortized over the time period in which the benefit will be received. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) . ASU 2016-02 impacts any entity that enters a lease with some specified scope exceptions. The guidance updates and supersedes Topic 840, Leases . For public entities, ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods with those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting . This ASU affects entities that issue share-based payment awards to their employees. The ASU is designed to simplify several aspects of accounting for share-based payment award transactions which include the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, classification on the statement of cash flows and forfeiture rate calculations. The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 during the year ended December 31, 2017. Under ASU 2016-09, excess tax benefits and deficiencies are required to be recognized prospectively as part of provision for income taxes rather than additional paid-in capital. The Company's cumulative effect of windfall tax attributes are approximately $11.5 million . After applying the valuation allowance, no adjustment is recorded to the beginning retained earnings balance. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments . This update addresses how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows with the objective of reducing existing diversity in practice with respect to these items. Among the types of cash flows addressed are payments for costs related to debt prepayments or extinguishment, payments representing accreted interest on discounted debt, payments of contingent consideration after a business combination, proceeds from insurance claims and company-owned life insurance, and distributions from equity method investees, among others. The update is to be adopted retrospectively and is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect a material impact of adopting this guidance on its consolidated financial statements. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Intra-Equity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory (Topic 740) , which is intended to eliminate diversity in practice and provide a more accurate depiction of the tax consequences on intercompany asset transfers (excluding inventory). This update requires entities to immediately recognize the tax consequences on intercompany asset transfers (excluding inventory) at the transaction date, rather than deferring the tax consequences under current GAAP. The update will be effective for the Company’s first quarter of fiscal year 2019 and requires a modified retrospective method of adoption. Early adoption is permitted, but only in the first quarter of an entity’s annual fiscal year. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash . The update requires entities to include in their cash and cash-equivalent balances in the statement of cash flows those amounts that are deemed to be restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. The standard will be effective for us beginning January 1, 2018 and will require a retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect that the update will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used for, but not limited to revenue, the valuation of accounts receivables, other long-lived assets, stock-based compensation, legal contingencies, deferred revenue, network access costs, income taxes, and sales tax liabilities. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Actual results could differ from the estimates made by management with respect to these and other items.
Foreign Currency Accounting	Foreign Currency Accounting The U.S. dollar is the functional currency for the Company and all of its subsidiaries; therefore, the Company does not have a translation adjustment recorded through accumulated other comprehensive loss. While the Company’s revenue contracts are denominated in U.S. dollars, the Company has foreign operations that incur expenses in various foreign currencies and does purchase some network access costs in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured using the current exchange rate at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities and capital accounts are remeasured using historical exchange rates. Foreign currency exchange gains and losses are presented separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
Cash Equivalents	Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with a remaining maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of investments in institutional money market funds.
Concentrations of Risk	Concentrations of Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Substantially all of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held by two financial institutions. The Company is exposed to risk in the event of default by these financial institutions or the issuers of these securities to the extent the balances are in excess of amounts that are insured by the FDIC. The Company’s receivables are derived from revenue earned from customers located primarily in the United States and EMEA. The Company provides credit to its customers in the normal course of business and requires no collateral to secure accounts receivable. The Company maintains an allowance for potentially uncollectible accounts receivable based on its assessment of the collectability of accounts receivable. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on customer-specific identification, which encompasses various factors, including: the Company’s review of credit profiles of its customers, age of the accounts receivable balances, contractual terms and conditions, current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay and historical payment experience. As of December 31, 2017, accounts receivables from customers in the EMEA region and in the United States represented 66% and 28% of total accounts receivable, respectively. 65% of our accounts receivables balance were due within the Company’s standard credit term of 30 days and 98% were aged less than 90 days past due. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, two customers each represents approximately 10% of total receivables. For the year ended December 31, 2017, two suppliers represented 37% and 10% of total network access costs, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2016, one suppliers represented 29% of total network access costs. For the year ended December 31, 2015, two suppliers represented 26% and 11% of total network access costs, respectively.
Property and Equipment, Net	Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment, net are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation or amortization. Depreciation of property and equipment and amortization of leasehold improvements are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets as follows: • Equipment: 3 to 5 years • Furniture and fixtures: 5 years • Computer software: 3 to 5 years • Leasehold improvements: the shorter of the useful life of the leasehold improvements or the term of the underlying lease Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Construction in progress is related to the construction or development of property and equipment that has not yet been placed in service. Depreciation for equipment and computer software begins once it is placed in service and depreciation for leasehold improvements commences once they are ready for intended use.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, along with net operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized as income or loss in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company records net deferred tax assets to the extent management believe these assets would more likely than not be realized. In making such determination, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. In the event management was to determine that the Company would be able to realize the deferred income tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, the Company would make an adjustment to the valuation allowance which would reduce the provision for income taxes. The Tax Reform Legislation provides for a one-time “deemed repatriation” of accumulated foreign earnings of $5.6 million , offset by the participation exemption of $3.1 million , for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company does not expect to pay U.S. federal cash taxes on the deemed repatriation due to its current year taxable loss position. The Company does not expect that the future foreign earnings will be subject to U.S. federal income tax since the Company intends to continue reinvesting such earnings outside the U.S. indefinitely. The amount of cash and cash equivalents held by the Company’s foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $0.3 million and $0.4 million , respectively. The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes using a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. The Company classifies the liability for unrecognized tax benefits as current to the extent that the Company anticipates payment (or receipt) of cash within one year. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates and could significantly affect the effective tax rate and cash flows in future years. The Company recognizes estimated interest and penalties relating to income tax uncertainties as a component of the provision for income taxes.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation expense is estimated at the grant date based on the award’s fair value and is recognized as expense over the award’s requisite service period. Awards that vest based on service criteria are expensed on a straight-line basis. Awards having accelerated vesting based on achieving certain performance criteria are expensed on graded vesting basis over the vesting period, after assessing the probability of achieving the requisite performance criteria. The Company’s stock-based payment awards to employees and directors include stock options, restricted stock units and awards, and employee purchase rights granted in connection with the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Certain restricted stock awards have performance-based goals based on the achievement of various targeted quarterly metrics, any of which require an assessment of the probability and timing of vesting. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options and employee purchase rights on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model that requires the use of assumptions such as expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, risk-free interest rates and expected dividends. The expected stock price volatility is based on historical volatility and the expected term is based on the historical average expected term. Because stock-based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. The expected forfeiture rate is based upon the historical experience of employee turnover and certain other factors. To the extent the actual forfeiture rate is different from the expected rate, stock-based compensation expense is adjusted accordingly.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized when all four revenue recognition criteria have been met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, service has been provided to the customer, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. When the above criteria are not met, revenue is deferred and recognized upon cash collection, upon acceptance of a completion certificate from the customer or when the service is rendered, depending on the type of fee or service arrangement. We report revenue net of sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental taxing authorities. Network Fees The Company recognizes network fees during the period the services are rendered to the end-users based on usage or a flat fee. The Company has two types of flat fee arrangements for its network services. The first is a recurring flat fee that is billed at the same dollar amount each month. The second is a recurring fee calculated based on a flat fee per user per month, of which the dollar amount billed would differ month-to-month depending on the number of users using the Company’s services during a given month. The Company frequently requires customers to commit to minimum network fees associated with monthly, quarterly or annual minimum network usage or over the term of the arrangement. For example, customers that have agreed to a Minimum Monthly Commitment ("MMC"), the customer’s monthly invoice reflects the greater of the customer’s actual usage for the month or the MMC for that month. If the MMC exceeds actual usage (a “Shortfall”), the Company determines whether the Shortfall is fixed or determinable. If the Company concludes that the Shortfall is fixed or determinable, based upon the customer's specific billing history, and other revenue recognition criteria have been met, the Company recognizes as revenue the amount of Shortfall which is invoiced. If the Company concludes that the Shortfall is not fixed or determinable, the Company recognizes revenue when the Shortfall amount is collected. The Company also bills certain network fees upfront and recognizes such fees ratably over the term as services are provided. Platform Services and Other Fees Platform services are any services that allow a user to connect to a network using the iPass application. Fees for this service are typically based upon a monthly rate, and revenue is recognized during the month the services are provided. Revenue related to iPassConnect (“iPC”) fees, including extended support fees as the iPC product reached end-of-life in 2012, and Open Mobile Platform fees are typically based upon a monthly rate (per user rate or a flat fee) and are recognized during the month the services are provided. Start-up support service fees representing charges to new customers, customization services and standard training may be billed up-front in advance and recognized as revenue over the term of the contract or service delivery. Sales of big data analytics, branded as Veri-Fi, is recognized when all four revenue criteria have been met. For evidence of delivery, the Company concludes this criteria is satisfied when the data has been transferred because customers are able to fully benefit upon receipt. In instances when partial data ordered by a customer has been delivered before period end, the Company recognizes in proportional to the number of days of data provided to the customer. Deferred Revenue The Company defers revenue for services that are billed in advance or prepaid as required per customer agreements. Revenue is recognized as the services are being delivered, or ratably over the estimated service period, depending on the nature of the service. Amounts expected to be recognized as revenue within one year are classified as short-term. For services that have been billed but not yet performed and the related receivable has not been collected, for balance sheet presentation purposes, the Company offsets the deferred revenue with the related accounts receivable, despite the receivable representing an enforceable obligation.
Network Access Costs	Network Access Costs Network access costs represent the amounts paid to network access providers for the usage of their networks. The Company has minimum purchase commitments with some network service providers for access that it expects to utilize during the term of the contracts. Costs of minimum purchase contracts are recognized as network access costs at the greater of the minimum commitment or actual usage.
Advertising Expenses	Advertising Expenses Advertising costs are expensed as incurred.
Internal Use Software Development Costs	Internal Use Software Development Costs The Company follows the guidance set forth in ASC 350-40, Internal Use Software , (“ASC 350-40”), in accounting for the development of its application service and other internal use applications. ASC 350-40 requires companies to capitalize qualifying computer software costs, which are incurred during the application development stage. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred. The Company did not capitalize any internally developed software in 2017. The Company capitalized $0.3 million and $0.1 million in 2016 and 2015, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expenses related to the Company's internally developed software was approximately $0.8 million , and $0.8 million and $0.9 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Management evaluates the useful lives of the Company’s assets on an annual basis and tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets. There were no impairments to long lived assets during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015.

Financial Instruments and Fai26

Financial Instruments and Fair Value (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair values of assets (excluding cash) and financial liabilities	The recurring fair values of these financial assets (excluding cash) were determined using the following inputs at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively: As of December 31, 2017 As of December 31, 2016 Fair Value Measured Using Total Balance Fair Value Measured Using Total Balance Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 (In thousands) Financial assets Money market funds (1) $ 4,175 $ — $ — $ 4,175 $ 14,083 $ — $ — $ 14,083 Total financial assets $ 4,175 $ — $ — $ 4,175 $ 14,083 $ — $ — $ 14,083 (1) Held in cash and cash equivalents on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Property and Equipment (Tables)

Property and Equipment (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Components of property and equipment, net	Property and equipment, net consisted of the following: As of 2017 2016 (In thousands) Equipment $ 10,698 $ 10,492 Furniture and fixtures 246 378 Computer software 10,723 10,431 Construction in progress 36 303 Leasehold improvements 483 536 22,186 22,140 Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization (20,852 ) (19,655 ) Property and equipment, net $ 1,334 $ 2,485

Other Assets (Tables)

Other Assets (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Other Assets [Abstract]
Components of other assets	Other assets (non-current) consisted of the following: As of 2017 2016 (In thousands) Deposits $ 503 $ 480 Long-term deferred tax asset, net 209 208 Long-term tax receivable 128 — $ 840 $ 688

Accrued Liabilities (Tables)

Accrued Liabilities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]
Schedule of accrued liabilities	Accrued liabilities consisted of the following: As of 2017 2016 (In thousands) Tax liabilities $ 886 $ 927 Accrued bonus, commissions and other employee benefits 522 808 Accrued property and equipment — 373 Amounts due to customers 962 869 Legal fee accruals 492 34 Other accrued liabilities 872 863 $ 3,734 $ 3,874

Accrued Restructuring (Tables)

Accrued Restructuring (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Schedule of accrued restructuring	The following is a rollforward of restructuring liability for the above Plans: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In thousands) Beginning balance $ — $ 250 $ 160 Restructuring charges and related adjustments — 788 4,232 Payments and adjustments (1,038 ) (4,142 ) Ending balance $ — $ — $ 250

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign [Table Text Block]	Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In thousands) U.S source loss $ (21,336 ) $ (8,167 ) $ (16,251 ) Foreign source income 975 620 1,065 Loss before income taxes $ (20,361 ) $ (7,547 ) $ (15,186 )
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes	The provision for income taxes consisted of the following: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In thousands) Current: U.S. federal $ (238 ) $ — $ — State 7 9 (7 ) Foreign 426 200 207 $ 195 $ 209 $ 200 Deferred: U.S. federal — — — State — — — Foreign (1 ) 14 107 (1 ) 14 107 Provision for income taxes $ 194 $ 223 $ 307
Components of deferred tax assets (liabilities)	Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 (In thousands) Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carry forwards $ 25,309 $ 30,243 Reserves and accruals 1,392 1,507 Research and other tax credits 7,099 6,255 Share based compensation 1,687 2,456 Property and equipment 1,336 2,493 Total deferred tax assets $ 36,823 $ 42,954 Valuation allowance (36,177 ) (41,788 ) Net deferred tax assets 646 1,166 Deferred tax liabilities: Property and equipment (437 ) (958 ) Total net deferred tax assets $ 209 $ 208
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to pretax loss before income taxes	The provision for income taxes for operations differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to pretax loss before income taxes as a result of the following: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Federal statutory rate (35 )% (35 )% (35 )% State taxes, net of federal benefit (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) Amortization of stock-based compensation 1 6 1 Research and development benefit (2 ) (2 ) (3 ) Deemed repatriated foreign earnings 1 1 6 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 4 — — Other — 1 — Rate differential impact on Tax Cuts and Jobs Act 74 — — Valuation allowance (41 ) 33 34 Provision for income taxes 1 % 3 % 2 %
Reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits	The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands): Balance at January 1, 2015 $ 6,674 Increases for positions taken in prior years 483 Increases for positions related to the current year 320 FX impact (11 ) Decreases for statutes lapsing (20 ) Settlements with taxing authorities — Balance at December 31, 2015 7,446 Increases for positions taken in prior years — Increases for positions related to the current year 149 Decreases for positions taken in prior years (1,359 ) Decreases for statutes lapsing (21 ) FX impact (7 ) Balance at December 31, 2016 6,208 Increases for positions taken in prior years — Increases for positions related to the current year 170 Decreases for positions taken in prior years (608 ) Decreases for statutes lapsing (23 ) FX impact 18 Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 5,765

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Summary of the stock option and restricted stock activity	The following table summarizes the stock option and restricted stock activity under the Plans for the indicated periods: Shares Available for Future Grant Number of Options Outstanding Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share Number of Restricted Stock Awards and Units Outstanding Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share Balance at December 31, 2014 25,526,755 6,820,892 $ 1.64 2,661,425 $ 1.65 Authorized 3,246,685 Granted (1) (5,373,000 ) 4,033,000 $ 0.97 $ 0.45 1,340,000 $ 0.92 Options Exercised (131,780 ) $ 0.88 Restricted Stock Vested (43,334 ) $ 1.25 Terminated/canceled/forfeited 4,083,092 (1,604,167 ) $ 1.99 (2,478,925 ) $ 1.66 Balance at December 31, 2015 27,483,532 9,117,945 $ 1.29 1,479,166 $ 0.98 Authorized 3,229,224 Granted (4,197,000 ) 4,137,000 $ 1.24 $ 0.62 60,000 $ 1.21 Options Exercised (2,650,009 ) $ 1.13 Restricted Stock Vested (93,335 ) $ 1.08 Terminated/canceled/forfeited 2,554,651 (1,924,651 ) $ 1.91 (630,000 ) $ 0.92 Reduce Evergreen Shares (2) (15,000,000 ) Balance at December 31, 2016 14,070,407 8,680,285 $ 1.18 815,831 $ 1.03 Authorized Granted (1,696,000 ) 1,646,000 $ 1.22 $ 0.63 50,000 $ 1.40 Options Exercised (175,926 ) $ 1.03 Restricted Stock Vested (66,666 ) $ 1.20 Terminated/cancelled/forfeited 1,675,877 (1,075,877 ) $ 1.43 (600,000 ) 0.90 Balance at December 31, 2017 14,050,284 9,074,482 $ 1.16 199,165 $ 1.04 (1) Restricted stock granted during 2015 included 140,000 awards with time-based vesting criteria which have been included as shares outstanding on the consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity. The remaining 1,200,000 shares of restricted stock with performance-based vesting criteria are not considered outstanding until the performance criterion has been met and as such, are excluded from shares outstanding .
Summary of stock options outstanding and exercisable by range of exercise prices	The following table summarizes the stock options outstanding and exercisable by range of exercise prices as of December 31, 2017: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Range of Exercise Prices Number Weighted- Weighted- Number Weighted-Average $0.62— $0.94 3,135,880 7.47 $ 0.88 1,875,703 $ 0.90 0.95 — 1.18 3,053,290 7.62 1.14 1,643,158 1.12 1.19— 2.48 2,885,312 8.13 1.50 1,099,598 1.64 Total 9,074,482 7.73 1.16 4,618,459 1.15 Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands) Options outstanding at December 31, 2017 9,074,482 $ 1.16 7.73 $ — Options vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2017 8,521,198 $ 1.16 7.73 $ — Options exercisable at December 31, 2017 4,618,459 $ 1.15 7.02 $ —
Summary of company's stock option activity	The following table sets forth the total stock-based compensation expense from operations included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In thousands) Network operations $ 53 $ 33 $ (186 ) Research and development 183 131 (92 ) Sales and marketing 212 153 (80 ) General and administrative 906 787 (220 ) Total $ 1,354 $ 1,104 $ (578 )
Stock-based compensation expense in consolidated statements of operations	The following table sets forth the total stock-based compensation expense by award-type: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In thousands) Stock options $ 1,169 $ 906 $ 484 Restricted stock 122 136 (1,138 ) Employee stock purchase plan 63 62 76 Total $ 1,354 $ 1,104 $ (578 )
Stock-based compensation expense by award-type	The weighted average estimated fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 were calculated under the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, using the following weighted-average assumptions: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Risk-free rate 1.97 % 1.45 % 1.35 % Expected dividend yield — % — % — % Expected volatility 56 % 55 % 53 % Expected term 5.7 years 5.8 years 4.6 years
Weighted-average assumptions used in calculating fair value	Compensation cost related to the Company’s employee stock purchase plan is calculated using the fair value of the employees’ purchase rights granted. The estimated fair value of employee purchase rights granted during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Risk-free rate 1.38 % 0.58 % 0.32 % Expected dividend yield — % — % — % Expected volatility 92 % 44 % 62 % Expected term 0.5 to 1 year 0.5 to 1 year 0.5 to 1 year

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of future minimum lease payments	Future minimum lease payments under these operating leases, as of December 31, 2017, are as follows: Operating Leases (In thousands) Year ending December 31: 2018 $ 1,346 2019 1,190 2020 926 $ 3,462
Schedule of future minimum purchase commitments	The Company has contracts with certain network service providers which have minimum purchase commitments that expire on various dates through 2019. Future minimum purchase commitments under all agreements are as follows: Year ending December 31: Minimum Purchase Commitments (In thousands) 2018 $ 11,542 2019 636 $ 12,178

Net Loss Per Common Share (Tabl

Net Loss Per Common Share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule of computation of basic and diluted net loss per share	The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In thousands, except per share amounts) Net loss $ (20,555 ) $ (7,770 ) $ (15,493 ) Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted 66,060,470 64,344,937 62,940,299 Net loss per share $ (0.31 ) $ (0.12 ) $ (0.25 )
Schedule of anti-dilutive shares excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	The following items have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because the effect of including these shares would have been anti-dilutive: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Options to purchase common stock 8,928,340 5,340,915 5,628,172 Restricted stock awards, including participating securities 199,165 265,832 1,907,500 Total 9,127,505 5,606,747 7,535,672

Segment and Geographical Info35

Segment and Geographical Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Summary of revenue by geographical region	he following table summarizes total Company revenue from operations by country or by geographical region: For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 United States 47 % 41 % 35 % Europe, Middle East and Africa 45 % 49 % 48 % Asia Pacific 5 % 9 % 15 % Rest of the world 3 % 1 % 2 %

Basis of Presentation (Details

Basis of Presentation (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Nov. 17, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents		$ 5,159	$ 16,072	$ 20,294	$ 33,814
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Shares sold (in shares)		3,108,153
Cumulative effect of the windfall tax attributes		$ 11,500
CSPA
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Authorized transaction amount	$ 10,000
Transaction term	24 months
Shares sold (in shares)	1,867,692
Proceeds from transaction	$ 1,000
Commitment Shares
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Shares sold (in shares)	840,461
Additional Shares
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Shares sold (in shares)		400,000
Shares authorized on daily basis (in shares)	200,000
Additional shares authorized on daily basis (in shares)	2,000,000
Maximum percentage of total outstanding shares	19.99%
Proceeds from transaction		$ 200

Significant Accounting Polici37

Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)SupplierArrangementCustomerFinancial_Institution	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)SupplierCustomer	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)Supplier	Dec. 31, 2014USD ($)
Significant Accounting Policies (Textual) [Abstract]
Maturity period of highly liquid investment	3 months
Number of financial institutions | Financial_Institution	2
Percentage of accounts receivable aged within company under condition one	65.00%
Standard credit terms for accounts receivable under condition one	30 days
Percentage of accounts receivable aged within company under condition two	98.00%
Standard credit terms for accounts receivable under condition two	90 days
Number of customer represent 10% or more of accounts receivable | Customer	2	2
Number of supplier accounted for a specific percentage of total network access costs | Supplier	2
Entity wide revenue major customer percentage	10.00%
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 - One-time repatriation expense	$ 5,600,000
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 - Change in tax rate provisional benefit	3,100,000
Cash And Cash equivalents held by companies foreign subsidiary	$ 5,159,000	$ 16,072,000	$ 20,294,000	$ 33,814,000
Types of flat fee arrangements for network services | Arrangement	2
Advertising expenses	$ 18,000	45,000	46,000
Amortization expense	800,000	800,000	900,000
Impairment to internal use of software	0	0	0
Foreign Subsidiaries
Significant Accounting Policies (Textual) [Abstract]
Cash And Cash equivalents held by companies foreign subsidiary	$ 300,000	400,000
Minimum
Significant Accounting Policies (Textual) [Abstract]
Percentage of tax benefit likely of being realized upon settlement	50.00%
Equipment | Minimum
Significant Accounting Policies (Textual) [Abstract]
Estimated useful lives of the Assets	3 years
Equipment | Maximum
Significant Accounting Policies (Textual) [Abstract]
Estimated useful lives of the Assets	5 years
Furniture and fixtures
Significant Accounting Policies (Textual) [Abstract]
Estimated useful lives of the Assets	5 years
Computer software | Minimum
Significant Accounting Policies (Textual) [Abstract]
Estimated useful lives of the Assets	3 years
Computer software | Maximum
Significant Accounting Policies (Textual) [Abstract]
Estimated useful lives of the Assets	5 years
ERP System
Significant Accounting Policies (Textual) [Abstract]
Software Development Costs		$ 300,000	$ 100,000
Supplier Concentration Risk
Significant Accounting Policies (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of Individual supplier represented more than 10% of total network access costs | Supplier		1	2
Supplier One | Supplier Concentration Risk
Significant Accounting Policies (Textual) [Abstract]
Entity wide revenue major customer percentage	37.00%	29.00%	26.00%
Supplier Two | Supplier Concentration Risk
Significant Accounting Policies (Textual) [Abstract]
Entity wide revenue major customer percentage	10.00%		11.00%
EMEA
Significant Accounting Policies (Textual) [Abstract]
Percentage of accounts receivable from European customers	66.00%
United States
Significant Accounting Policies (Textual) [Abstract]
Percentage of accounts receivable from European customers	28.00%

Financial Instruments and Fai38

Financial Instruments and Fair Value (Details Table) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total financial assets		$ 4,175	$ 14,083
Fair Value Measured Using Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total financial assets		4,175	14,083
Fair Value Measured Using Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total financial assets		0	0
Fair Value Measured Using Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total financial assets		0	0
Money Market Funds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total financial assets	[1]	4,175	14,083
Money Market Funds | Fair Value Measured Using Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total financial assets	[1]	4,175	14,083
Money Market Funds | Fair Value Measured Using Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total financial assets	[1]	0	0
Money Market Funds | Fair Value Measured Using Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total financial assets	[1]	$ 0	$ 0
[1]	Held in cash and cash equivalents on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Financial Instruments and Fai39

Financial Instruments and Fair Value (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Financial Instruments and Fair Value (Textual) [Abstract]
Transfers between Levels 1, 2, and 3	$ 0	$ 0

Property and Equipment - Compon

Property and Equipment - Components of Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Components of property and equipment, net
Equipment	$ 10,698	$ 10,492
Furniture and fixtures	246	378
Computer software	10,723	10,431
Construction in progress	36	303
Leasehold improvements	483	536
Property plant and equipment, gross	22,186	22,140
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(20,852)	(19,655)
Property and equipment, net	$ 1,334	$ 2,485

Property and Equipment (Details

Property and Equipment (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2016	Apr. 30, 2014	Oct. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2013
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation expense					$ 1,600	$ 2,500	$ 2,900
Property and equipment, wrote-off					400	100	$ 2,200
Capitalized Computer Software, Gross				$ 10,723	10,723	10,431
Construction in Progress, Gross				36	36	$ 303
Vendor Financed Property and Equipment Repayment Period	1 year	2 years	3 years			1 year
Computer Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Vendor financing of property and equipment		$ 500		$ 500	$ 3,100	$ 500		$ 2,600
Capitalized Computer Software, Gross						$ 100

Other Assets (Details)

Other Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Components of other assets
Deposits	$ 503	$ 480
Long-term deferred tax assets, net	209	208
Long-term tax receivable	128	0
Other Assets	$ 840	$ 688

Accrued Liabilities (Details)

Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2009
Schedule of accrued liabilities
Tax liabilities	$ 886	$ 927	$ 5,000
Accrued bonus, commissions and other employee benefits	522	808
Accrued property and equipment	0	373
Amounts due to customers	962	869
Legal fee accruals	492	34
Other accrued liabilities	872	863
Accrued liabilities	$ 3,734	$ 3,874

Accrued Restructuring - Schedul

Accrued Restructuring - Schedule of Accrued Restructuring (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Summary of accrued restructuring
Beginning balance	$ 0	$ 250	$ 160
Restructuring charges and related adjustments	0	788	4,232
Payments		(1,038)	(4,142)
Ending Balance	$ 0	$ 0	$ 250

Accrued Restructuring (Details

Accrued Restructuring (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016Employee	Sep. 30, 2015USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2014USD ($)Employees	Dec. 31, 2009Employees
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring Reserve			$ 0	$ 0	$ 250,000	$ 160,000
Restructuring Charges			$ 0	$ 788,000	$ 4,232,000
Two Thousand Nine Plan [Member]
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring plan, number of positions | Employees							146
Restructuring Reserve						$ 100,000
Two Thousand Fourteen Q3 Restructuring Plan [Member]
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring plan, number of positions | Employees						20
Restructuring Charges		$ 700,000				$ 100,000
Two Thousand Fifteen Q2 Restructuring Plan [Member]
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and Related Cost, Reduction in Workforce, Percent					14.00%
Accrued restructuring liabilities- current					$ 200,000
Two Thousand Sixteen Q1 Restructuring Plan [Member]
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring plan, number of positions | Employee	57
Restructuring and Related Cost, Reduction in Workforce, Percent	30.00%

Vendor Financed Property and 46

Vendor Financed Property and Equipment - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2016	Apr. 30, 2014	Oct. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2013
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Vendor Financed Property and Equipment Repayment Period	1 year	2 years	3 years				1 year
Computer Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Vendor financing of property and equipment		$ 0.5		$ 0.5		$ 3.1	$ 0.5	$ 2.6
Repayments of Long-term Loans from Vendors				$ 0.5	$ 3.1

Income Taxes - Schedule of Inco

Income Taxes - Schedule of Income Before Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S source loss	$ (21,336)	$ (8,167)	$ (16,251)
Foreign source income	975	620	1,065
Loss from operations before income taxes	$ (20,361)	$ (7,547)	$ (15,186)

Income Taxes - Income Tax Prov

Income Taxes - Income Tax Provision (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Current:
U.S. federal	$ (238)	$ 0
State	7	9
Foreign	426	200
Total	195	209
Deferred:
U.S. federal	0	0
State	0	0
Foreign	(1)	14
Total	(1)	14
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes	194	223	$ 307
Scenario, Previously Reported
Current:
U.S. federal			0
State			(7)
Foreign			207
Total			200
Deferred:
U.S. federal			0
State			0
Foreign			107
Total			107
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes	$ 194	$ 223	$ 307

Income Taxes - Deferred Income

Income Taxes - Deferred Income Taxes Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carry forwards	$ 25,309	$ 30,243
Reserves and accruals	1,392	1,507
Research and other tax credits	7,099	6,255
Share based compensation	1,687	2,456
Property and equipment	1,336	2,493
Total deferred tax assets	36,823	42,954
Valuation allowance	(36,177)	(41,788)
Net deferred tax assets	646	1,166
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment	(437)	(958)
Total net deferred tax assets	$ 209	$ 208

Income Taxes - Reconciliation

Income Taxes - Reconciliation to Effective Income Tax Rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to pretax loss before income taxes
Federal statutory rate	(35.00%)	(35.00%)	(35.00%)
State taxes, net of federal benefit	(1.00%)	(1.00%)	(1.00%)
Amortization of stock-based compensation	1.00%	6.00%	1.00%
Research and development benefit	(2.00%)	(2.00%)	(3.00%)
Deemed repatriated foreign earnings	1.00%	1.00%	6.00%
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017	4.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Other	0.00%	1.00%	0.00%
Rate differential impact on Tax Cuts and Jobs Act	74.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Valuation Allowance	(41.00%)	33.00%	34.00%
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes	1.00%	3.00%	2.00%

Income Taxes - Summary of Chan

Income Taxes - Summary of Changes to Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Beginning Balance	$ 6,208	$ 7,446	$ 6,674
FX impact	(18)	(7)	(11)
Increases for positions taken in prior years	0	0	483
Increases for positions related to the current year	170	149	320
Decreases for positions taken in prior years	(608)	(1,359)
Decreases for statutes lapsing	(23)	(21)	(20)
Settlements with taxing authorities			0
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Ending Balance	$ 5,765	$ 6,208	$ 7,446

Income Taxes (Details Textual)

Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Tax Cuts And Jobs Act Of 2017, Incomplete Accounting, Change In Tax Rate Deferred Tax Liability Provisional Income Tax Benefit	$ 15,000
Tax Cuts And Jobs Act Of 2017, Incomplete Accounting, Transition Tax For Accumulated Foreign Earnings Provisional Income Tax Expense	2,500
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 - One-time repatriation expense	5,600
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 - Change in tax rate provisional benefit	3,100
Recognizable tax benefits	800	$ 700
Unrecognized tax benefits, decreases resulting from settlements with taxing authorities			$ 0
Amount accrued in connection with income tax audit	$ 700
Maximum
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Years remain open to examination	2,017
Minimum
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Years remain open to examination	2,007
Federal
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating Loss Carryforwards	$ 103,500
Federal | Research
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Research and development tax credit carry forwards	3,300
State
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating Loss Carryforwards	49,400
State | Research
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Research and development tax credit carry forwards	4,800
iPass Unity
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Discontinued Operation, Tax Effect of Recognition of Operating Loss Carryforward from Disposal of Discontinued Operation	200	$ 200	$ 300
ISRAEL | State
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating Loss Carryforwards	$ 8,400

Stockholders' Equity - Summary

Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Stock Option and Restricted Stock Activity (Details) - $ / shares	Jul. 05, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015		Dec. 31, 2014
Shares available for future grant
Shares available for future grant beginning balance		14,070,407	27,483,532		25,526,755
Shares available for future grant Authorized			3,229,224		3,246,685
Shares available for future grant		(1,696,000)	(4,197,000)		(5,373,000)	[1]
Shares available for future grant Terminated/cancelled/forfeited		1,675,877	2,554,651		4,083,092
Shares available for future grant ending balance		14,050,284	14,070,407		27,483,532		25,526,755
Number of options Outstanding
Stock Number of Outstanding Options, Beginning Balance		8,680,285	9,117,945		6,820,892
Number of Options Granted		(1,646,000)	(4,137,000)		(4,033,000)
Number of options Outstanding exercised		(175,926)	(2,650,009)		(131,780)
Number of options Outstanding terminated/cancelled/forfeited		(1,075,877)	(1,924,651)		(1,604,167)
Stock Number of Outstanding Options, Ending Balance		9,074,482	8,680,285		9,117,945		6,820,892
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per share, options
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per share, Beginning Balance		$ 1.18	$ 1.29		$ 1.64
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per share, Granted		1.22	1.24		0.97
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per share, Exercised		(1.03)	(1.13)		(0.88)
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per share, Terminated/cancelled/forfeited		1.43	1.91		1.99
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Options		0.63	0.62		0.45
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per share, Ending Balance		$ 1.16	$ 1.18		$ 1.29		$ 1.64
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share, Restricted Stock Awards and Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Other Share Increase (Decrease)	(15,000,000)		(15,000,000)	[2]
Performance Based Restricted Stock Awards, Revenue Benchmark
Number of Restricted Stock Awards and Units Outstanding
Number of Restricted Stock Awards and Units Outstanding, Granted		0			1,200,000		420,000
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Restricted Stock Award, Forfeited		600,000	600,000
Number of Restricted Stock Awards and Units Outstanding, Vested		(132,500)
Number of Restricted Stock Awards and Units Outstanding, Terminated/cancelled/forfeited		(287,500)
Restricted stock
Number of Restricted Stock Awards and Units Outstanding
Number of Restricted Stock Awards and Units Outstanding, Beginning Balance		815,831	1,479,166		2,661,425
Number of Restricted Stock Awards and Units Outstanding, Granted		50,000	60,000		1,340,000
Number of Restricted Stock Awards and Units Outstanding, Vested		(66,666)	(93,335)		(43,334)	[1]
Number of Restricted Stock Awards and Units Outstanding, Terminated/cancelled/forfeited		(600,000)	(630,000)		(2,478,925)
Number of Restricted Stock Awards and Units Outstanding, Ending Balance		199,165	815,831		1,479,166		2,661,425
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share, Restricted Stock Awards and Units
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Beginning Balance		$ 1.03	$ 0.98		$ 1.65
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Granted		1.40	1.21		0.92
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Vested		1.20	1.08		1.25
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Terminated/cancelled/forfeited		0.90	0.92		1.66
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Ending Balance		$ 1.04	$ 1.03		$ 0.98		$ 1.65
Restricted Stock, Time-based Vesting [Member]
Number of Restricted Stock Awards and Units Outstanding
Number of Restricted Stock Awards and Units Outstanding, Granted					140,000
Performance Based Restricted Stock Awards, EBITDA Benchmark
Number of Restricted Stock Awards and Units Outstanding
Number of Restricted Stock Awards and Units Outstanding, Granted					1,200,000
[1]	Restricted stock granted during 2015 included 140,000 awards with time-based vesting criteria which have been included as shares outstanding on the consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity. The remaining 1,200,000 shares of restricted stock with performance-based vesting criteria are not considered outstanding until the performance criterion has been met and as such, are excluded from shares outstanding.
[2]	(2)On July 5, 2016, the Board of Directors of Company resolved to reduce the share reserve under the iPass Inc. 2003 Equity Incentive Plan ("Plan") by 15,000,000 shares, and eliminate the "evergreen" provision in the Plan.

Stockholders' Equity - Stock O

Stockholders' Equity - Stock Options Outstanding by Exercise Price (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017$ / sharesshares
Summary of stock options outstanding and exercisable by range of exercise prices
Number Outstanding | shares	9,074,482
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years)	7 years 8 months 23 days
Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share	$ 1.16
Number Exercisable | shares	4,618,459
Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share	$ 1.15
$0.62 - $0.94
Summary of stock options outstanding and exercisable by range of exercise prices
Range of Exercise Prices, Lower Limit	0.62
Range of Exercise Prices, Upper Limit	$ 0.94
Number Outstanding | shares	3,135,880
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years)	7 years 5 months 20 days
Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share	$ 0.88
Number Exercisable | shares	1,875,703
Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share	$ 0.90
$0.95 - $1.18
Summary of stock options outstanding and exercisable by range of exercise prices
Range of Exercise Prices, Lower Limit	0.95
Range of Exercise Prices, Upper Limit	$ 1.18
Number Outstanding | shares	3,053,290
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years)	7 years 7 months 13 days
Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share	$ 1.14
Number Exercisable | shares	1,643,158
Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share	$ 1.12
$1.19 - $2.48
Summary of stock options outstanding and exercisable by range of exercise prices
Range of Exercise Prices, Lower Limit	1.19
Range of Exercise Prices, Upper Limit	$ 2.48
Number Outstanding | shares	2,885,312
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years)	8 years 1 month 16 days
Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share	$ 1.50
Number Exercisable | shares	1,099,598
Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share	$ 1.64

Stockholders' Equity - Stock55

Stockholders' Equity - Stock Options Outstanding, Vested, and Exercisable (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Summary of company's stock option activity
Options outstanding, Shares	9,074,482	8,680,285	9,117,945	6,820,892
Weighted-average exercise price of options	$ 1.16	$ 1.18	$ 1.29	$ 1.64
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	7 years 8 months 24 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Option Outstanding	$ 0
Options vested and expected to vest, Shares	8,521,198
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per share, options vested and expected to vest	$ 1.16
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years), Options vested and expected to vest	7 years 8 months 24 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Options vested and expected to vest	$ 0
Options exercisable, Shares	4,618,459
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per share, Options exercisable	$ 1.15
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years), Options Exercisable	7 years 9 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Options exercisable	$ 0

Stockholders' Equity - Total S

Stockholders' Equity - Total Stock Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Stock-based compensation expense in consolidated statements of operations
Total	$ 1,354	$ 1,104	$ (578)
Network Operations
Stock-based compensation expense in consolidated statements of operations
Total	53	33	(186)
Research and development
Stock-based compensation expense in consolidated statements of operations
Total	183	131	(92)
Sales and marketing
Stock-based compensation expense in consolidated statements of operations
Total	212	153	(80)
General and administrative
Stock-based compensation expense in consolidated statements of operations
Total	$ 906	$ 787	$ (220)

Stockholders' Equity - Stock B

Stockholders' Equity - Stock Based Compensation by Award Type (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Stock-based compensation expense by award-type
Total	$ 1,354	$ 1,104	$ (578)
Employee Stock Purchase Plans
Stock-based compensation expense by award-type
Total	63	62	76
Stock options
Stock-based compensation expense by award-type
Total	1,169	906	484
Restricted stock
Stock-based compensation expense by award-type
Total	$ 122	$ 136	$ (1,138)

Stockholders' Equity - Stock58

Stockholders' Equity - Stock Base Compensation Assumptions (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Performance Based Restricted Stock Awards, Revenue Benchmark
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Restricted Stock Award, Forfeited	600,000	600,000
Stock options
Weighted-average assumptions used in calculating fair value
Risk-free rate	1.97%	1.45%	1.35%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Expected volatility	56.00%	55.00%	53.00%
Expected term	5 years 8 months 26 days	5 years 9 months 18 days	4 years 7 months 6 days
Stock options
Weighted-average assumptions used in calculating fair value
Risk-free rate	1.38%	0.58%	0.32%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Expected volatility	92.00%	44.00%	62.00%
Stock options | Minimum
Weighted-average assumptions used in calculating fair value
Expected term	6 months	6 months	6 months
Stock options | Maximum
Weighted-average assumptions used in calculating fair value
Expected term	1 year	1 year	1 year

Stockholders' Equity (Details T

Stockholders' Equity (Details Textual)	Nov. 17, 2017USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)OptionPlan$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)$ / sharesshares		Dec. 31, 2014shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares sold (in shares)		3,108,153
Stock issuance costs | $		$ 138,000
Stockholders' Equity (Textual) [Abstract]
Period over which remaining stock options are vested		36 months
Weighted average vesting period over which the compensation cost is expected to be recognized		2 years 4 months 7 days
Shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP		14,050,284	14,070,407	27,483,532		25,526,755
Stockholders' Equity (Additional Textual) [Abstract]
Number of stock plans that permit to grant stock options | OptionPlan		2
Percentage of stock options granted to employees generally vest on first anniversary of grant date		25.00%
Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award expiration period		10 years
Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award restricted stock with time based vesting criteria		229,832
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised | $		$ 100,000	$ 800,000	$ 100,000
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options | $		$ 2,100,000
Percentage of employee's compensation up to which employees permit to purchase common stock through payroll deductions		15.00%
Purchase price per share as a percentage of fair market value		85.00%
Maximum number of shares that can be purchased by participant per offering		2,500
Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award maximum amount per employee | $		$ 25,000
Shares purchased		139,592	51,341	79,009
Weighted average per share prices | $ / shares		$ 0.83	$ 0.72	$ 0.91
Employee Stock Purchase Plans
Stockholders' Equity (Textual) [Abstract]
Shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP		7,500,000
Shares under common stock available for issuance		4,400,000
Performance Based Restricted Stock Awards, Revenue Benchmark
Stockholders' Equity (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of Restricted Stock Outstanding, Granted		0		1,200,000		420,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period		132,500
Revenue measurement period		1 year
Performance Based Restricted Stock Awards, EBITDA Benchmark
Stockholders' Equity (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of Restricted Stock Outstanding, Granted				1,200,000
Restricted Stock, Time-based Vesting [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of Restricted Stock Outstanding, Granted				140,000
Restricted stock
Stockholders' Equity (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of Restricted Stock Outstanding, Granted		50,000	60,000	1,340,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period		66,666	93,335	43,334	[1]
Weighted average vesting period over which the compensation cost is expected to be recognized		1 month 28 days
Stockholders' Equity (Additional Textual) [Abstract]
Unrecognized compensation cost related to the unvested restricted stock awards granted | $		$ 100,000
CSPA
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Authorized transaction amount | $	$ 10,000,000
Transaction term	24 months
Shares sold (in shares)	1,867,692
Stock issuance costs | $	$ 100,000
Proceeds from transaction | $	$ 1,000,000
Sale price of stock (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.5354
Commitment Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares sold (in shares)	840,461
Additional Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares sold (in shares)		400,000
Shares authorized on daily basis (in shares)	200,000
Proceeds from transaction | $		$ 200,000
[1]	Restricted stock granted during 2015 included 140,000 awards with time-based vesting criteria which have been included as shares outstanding on the consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity. The remaining 1,200,000 shares of restricted stock with performance-based vesting criteria are not considered outstanding until the performance criterion has been met and as such, are excluded from shares outstanding.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies - Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)
Schedule of future minimum lease payments
2,018	$ 1,346
2,019	1,190
2,020	926
Total	$ 3,462

Commitments and Contingencies61

Commitments and Contingencies - Purchase Commitments (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)
Schedule of future minimum purchase commitments
2,018	$ 11,542
2,019	636
Total	$ 12,178

Commitments and Contingencies62

Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2009
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Hardware Purchase Obligation	$ 12,178
Rent expenses for operating leases excluding leases accounted for under the company 's restructuring plan	1,700	$ 1,700	$ 1,900
Incremental sales tax liability	886	927		$ 5,000
Interest and penalties				$ 1,500
Sales tax liability	$ 900	$ 1,000

Employee 401(k) Plan (Details)

Employee 401(k) Plan (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Employee 401(k) Plan (Textual) [Abstract]
Employer contributions under 401(k) plan	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Net Loss Per Common Share - Ba

Net Loss Per Common Share - Basic and Diltuted Net Loss Per Common Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (20,555)	$ (7,770)	$ (15,493)
Denominator for basic and diluted net loss per common share - weighted average shares outstanding	66,060,470	64,344,937	62,940,299
Net loss per share	$ (0.31)	$ (0.12)	$ (0.25)

Net Loss Per Common Share - Av

Net Loss Per Common Share - Average Weighted Shares (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Schedule of anti-dilutive shares excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share
Total	9,127,505	5,606,747	7,535,672
Options to purchase common stock
Schedule of anti-dilutive shares excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share
Total	8,928,340	5,340,915	5,628,172
Restricted stock awards, considered participating securities [Member]
Schedule of anti-dilutive shares excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share
Total	199,165	265,832	1,907,500

Net Loss Per Common Share (Deta

Net Loss Per Common Share (Details Textual) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Net Loss Per Common Share (Textual) [Abstract]
Weighted-average exercise price of options	$ 1.16	$ 1.18	$ 1.29	$ 1.64
Options to purchase common stock
Net Loss Per Common Share (Textual) [Abstract]
Weighted-average exercise price of options	$ 1.20	$ 1.35	$ 1.50

Segment and Geographical Info67

Segment and Geographical Information - Summary of Revenue by Geographical Region (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Summary of revenue by geographical region
Percentage of revenue by geographical region	10.00%
Revenue | Geographic Concentration Risk | United States
Summary of revenue by geographical region
Percentage of revenue by geographical region	47.00%	41.00%	35.00%
Revenue | Geographic Concentration Risk | EMEA
Summary of revenue by geographical region
Percentage of revenue by geographical region	45.00%	49.00%	48.00%
Revenue | Geographic Concentration Risk | Asia Pacific
Summary of revenue by geographical region
Percentage of revenue by geographical region	5.00%	9.00%	15.00%
Revenue | Geographic Concentration Risk | Rest of the world
Summary of revenue by geographical region
Percentage of revenue by geographical region	3.00%	1.00%	2.00%

Segment and Geographical Info68

Segment and Geographical Information - Additional Information (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017CustomerSegment	Dec. 31, 2016Customer	Dec. 31, 2015Customer
Segment and Geographical Information (Textual) [Abstract]
Percentage of total revenue by individual customer	10.00%
Segment and Geographical Information (Additional Textual) [Abstract]
Number of reportable operating Segments | Segment	1
Geographic Concentration Risk | Revenue | United States
Segment and Geographical Information (Textual) [Abstract]
Percentage of total revenue by individual customer	47.00%	41.00%	35.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk | Revenue | GERMANY
Segment and Geographical Information (Textual) [Abstract]
Percentage of total revenue by individual customer	16.00%	14.00%	15.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk | Revenue | United Kingdom
Segment and Geographical Information (Textual) [Abstract]
Percentage of total revenue by individual customer		10.00%
Customer Concentration risk | Revenue
Segment and Geographical Information (Textual) [Abstract]
Percentage of total revenue by individual customer	11.00%	11.00%	11.00%
Segment and Geographical Information (Additional Textual) [Abstract]
Number of individual customer | Customer	1	1	1,000

Stock Repurchase Program (Detai

Stock Repurchase Program (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Nov. 03, 2015
Share Repurchase Program, November 2015 [Member]
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Authorized share repurchase program amount		$ 3,000,000
November 2015 Share Repurchase Program [Member]
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Shares repurchased (in shares)	339,228
Shares repurchased, value	$ 345,296
Share repurchase price (in usd per share)	$ 1.02

Subsequent Event Subsequent Eve

Subsequent Event Subsequent Event (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	2 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 08, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares sold (in shares)		3,108,153
Subsequent Event [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares sold (in shares)	1,200,000
Proceeds from transaction	$ 0.5
Sale price of stock (in usd per share)	$ 0.45

Schedule II - Valuation and Q71

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Receivable (Details) - Allowance for doubtful accounts - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Balance at Beginning of Year	$ 142	$ 241	$ 172
Additions Charged to (recovered from) Costs and Expenses	210	11	83
Deductions	201	110	14
Balance at End of Year	$ 151	$ 142	$ 241