Inovio Pharmaceuticals (INO) 10-Q 9 Aug 23 2023 Q2 Quarterly report Financial data

Cover

Cover - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Aug. 07, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-14888
Entity Registrant Name	INOVIO PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	33-0969592
Entity Address, Address Line One	660 W. Germantown Pike
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 110
Entity Address, City or Town	Plymouth Meeting
Entity Address, State or Province	PA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	19462
City Area Code	267
Local Phone Number	440-4200
Title of 12(b) Security	COMMON STOCK, $0.001 PAR VALUE
Trading Symbol	INO
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		268,074,869
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Entity Central Index Key	0001055726
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31

Condensed Consolidated Balance

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 52,712,543	$ 46,329,359
Short-term investments	142,212,907	206,669,397
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,230,882	50,130,481
Prepaid expenses and other current assets from affiliated entities	11,928	375,227
Total current assets	203,284,486	315,242,680
Fixed assets, net	6,303,949	7,727,997
Investment in affiliated entity	2,780,526	2,007,142
Intangible assets, net	0	2,129,861
Goodwill	10,513,371	10,513,371
Operating lease right-of-use assets	9,488,738	10,228,207
Other assets	666,890	684,044
Total assets	233,037,960	348,533,302
Current liabilities:
Accrued clinical trial expenses	6,172,382	10,594,073
Operating lease liability	2,351,449	2,803,973
Grant funding liability	3,704,781	2,475,031
Grant funding liability from affiliated entity	43,836	87,673
Convertible senior notes	16,708,329	0
Total current liabilities	51,932,302	96,868,074
Convertible senior notes	0	16,614,840
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	11,702,044	12,655,586
Deferred tax liabilities	32,046	32,046
Total liabilities	63,666,392	126,170,546
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock	0	0
Common stock	268,072	253,090
Additional paid-in capital	1,733,826,392	1,710,656,191
Accumulated deficit	(1,564,031,634)	(1,487,847,784)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(691,262)	(698,741)
Total Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. stockholders’ equity	169,371,568	222,362,756
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	233,037,960	348,533,302
Nonrelated Party
Current assets:
Accounts receivable	5,947	1,701,726
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	21,265,150	79,686,885
Related Party
Current assets:
Accounts receivable	5,110,279	10,036,490
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$ 1,686,375	$ 1,220,439

Condensed Consolidated Statemen

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Revenues:
Revenue from collaborative arrangements and other contracts	$ 225,971	$ 784,395	$ 340,914	$ 983,469
Operating expenses:
Research and development	23,743,970	56,464,885	53,920,481	112,443,496
General and administrative	13,523,098	48,456,836	27,413,708	64,410,294
Total operating expenses	37,267,068	104,921,721	81,334,189	176,853,790
Loss from operations	(37,041,097)	(104,137,326)	(80,993,275)	(175,870,321)
Other income (expense):
Interest income	2,168,233	857,667	4,375,404	1,527,481
Interest expense	(313,488)	(313,488)	(626,976)	(626,976)
Gain (loss) on investment in affiliated entity	156,745	(934,015)	773,384	(1,471,743)
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale equity securities	922,941	(3,967,101)	4,141,156	(8,807,742)
Other expense, net	(1,427,867)	(3,048)	(3,853,543)	(156,516)
Net loss before share in net loss of Geneos	(35,534,533)	(108,497,311)	(76,183,850)	(185,405,817)
Share in net loss of Geneos	0	0	0	(2,165,213)
Net loss	$ (35,534,533)	$ (108,497,311)	$ (76,183,850)	$ (187,571,030)
Net loss per share
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.46)	$ (0.29)	$ (0.83)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.46)	$ (0.29)	$ (0.83)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
Basic (in shares)	264,353,833	235,278,276	261,412,116	227,154,616
Diluted (in shares)	264,353,833	235,278,276	261,412,116	227,154,616

Condensed Consolidated Statem_2

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (35,534,533)	$ (108,497,311)	$ (76,183,850)	$ (187,571,030)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation	(376)	(14,785)	(2,294)	(21,340)
Unrealized gain (loss) on short-term investments, net of tax	(108,089)	(176,991)	9,773	(346,088)
Comprehensive loss	$ (35,642,998)	$ (108,689,087)	$ (76,176,371)	$ (187,938,458)

Condensed Consolidated Statem_3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)	Total	Adjustment	Preferred stock	Common stock	Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital Adjustment	Accumulated deficit	Accumulated deficit Adjustment	Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021			9	217,382,887
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 399,669,421	$ (1,468,216)	$ 0	$ 217,382	$ 1,609,589,797	$ (3,294,019)	$ (1,209,855,522)	$ 1,825,803	$ (282,236)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock for legal settlement and cash, net of financing costs (in shares)				8,480,483
Issuance of common stock for legal settlement and cash, net of financing costs	29,364,538			$ 8,481	29,356,057
Exercise of stock options for cash and vesting of RSUs, net of tax payments (in shares)				647,350
Exercise of stock options for cash and vesting of RSUs, net of tax payments	(942,521)			$ 646	(943,167)
Stock-based compensation	7,711,151				7,711,151
Net loss	(79,073,719)						(79,073,719)
Unrealized gain (loss) on short-term investments, net of tax	(169,097)								(169,097)
Foreign currency translation	(6,555)								(6,555)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022	355,085,002		$ 0	$ 226,509	1,642,419,819		(1,287,103,438)		(457,888)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022			9	226,510,720
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021			9	217,382,887
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	399,669,421	$ (1,468,216)	$ 0	$ 217,382	1,609,589,797	$ (3,294,019)	(1,209,855,522)	$ 1,825,803	(282,236)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(187,571,030)
Unrealized gain (loss) on short-term investments, net of tax	(346,088)
Foreign currency translation	(21,340)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022	297,671,112		$ 0	$ 247,503	1,693,674,022		(1,395,600,749)		(649,664)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022			9	247,504,547
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022			9	226,510,720
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2022	355,085,002		$ 0	$ 226,509	1,642,419,819		(1,287,103,438)		(457,888)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock for legal settlement and cash, net of financing costs (in shares)				20,470,475
Issuance of common stock for legal settlement and cash, net of financing costs	43,156,834			$ 20,471	43,136,363
Exercise of stock options for cash and vesting of RSUs, net of tax payments (in shares)				523,352
Exercise of stock options for cash and vesting of RSUs, net of tax payments	(217,690)			$ 523	(218,213)
Stock-based compensation	8,336,053
Net loss	(108,497,311)						(108,497,311)
Unrealized gain (loss) on short-term investments, net of tax	(176,991)								(176,991)
Foreign currency translation	(14,785)								(14,785)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022	297,671,112		$ 0	$ 247,503	1,693,674,022		(1,395,600,749)		(649,664)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022			9	247,504,547
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022			9	253,091,319
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	222,362,756		$ 0	$ 253,090	1,710,656,191		(1,487,847,784)		(698,741)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock for legal settlement and cash, net of financing costs (in shares)				9,121,000
Issuance of common stock for legal settlement and cash, net of financing costs	14,000,000			$ 9,121	13,990,879
Exercise of stock options for cash and vesting of RSUs, net of tax payments (in shares)				526,807
Exercise of stock options for cash and vesting of RSUs, net of tax payments	(424,704)			$ 527	(425,231)
Stock-based compensation	3,809,003				3,809,003
Net loss	(40,649,317)						(40,649,317)
Unrealized gain (loss) on short-term investments, net of tax	117,862								117,862
Foreign currency translation	(1,918)								(1,918)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	199,213,682		$ 0	$ 262,738	1,728,030,842		(1,528,497,101)		(582,797)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023			9	262,739,126
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022			9	253,091,319
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	222,362,756		$ 0	$ 253,090	1,710,656,191		(1,487,847,784)		(698,741)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(76,183,850)
Unrealized gain (loss) on short-term investments, net of tax	9,773
Foreign currency translation	(2,294)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023	169,371,568		$ 0	$ 268,072	1,733,826,392		(1,564,031,634)		(691,262)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023			9	268,073,202
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023			9	262,739,126
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2023	199,213,682		$ 0	$ 262,738	1,728,030,842		(1,528,497,101)		(582,797)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock for legal settlement and cash, net of financing costs (in shares)				5,105,152
Issuance of common stock for legal settlement and cash, net of financing costs	2,915,179			$ 5,105	2,910,074
Exercise of stock options for cash and vesting of RSUs, net of tax payments (in shares)				228,924
Exercise of stock options for cash and vesting of RSUs, net of tax payments	(32,292)			$ 229	(32,521)
Stock-based compensation	2,917,997				2,917,997
Net loss	(35,534,533)						(35,534,533)
Unrealized gain (loss) on short-term investments, net of tax	(108,089)								(108,089)
Foreign currency translation	(376)								(376)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 169,371,568		$ 0	$ 268,072	$ 1,733,826,392		$ (1,564,031,634)		$ (691,262)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023			9	268,073,202

Condensed Consolidated Statem_4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible Enumeration]	Accounting Standards Update 2020-06

Condensed Consolidated Statem_5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (35,534,533)	$ (40,649,317)	$ (108,497,311)	$ (79,073,719)	$ (76,183,850)	$ (187,571,030)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation					1,410,649	1,869,961
Amortization of intangible assets					145,417	257,327
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets					739,469	658,501
Impairment of intangible assets					1,984,444	0
Non-cash stock-based compensation					6,727,000	16,047,204
Non-cash interest on senior convertible notes					93,489	93,489
Amortization of discounts on investments					(2,402,451)	(72,833)
Loss on sales of short-term investments					3,853,543	320,942
Loss on disposal of fixed assets					334,297	157,666
Gain on remeasurement of investment in Geneos					0	(165,215)
(Gain) loss on equity investment in affiliated entity	(156,745)		934,015		(773,384)	1,471,743
Share of net loss in Geneos	0		0		0	2,165,213
Net unrealized (gain) loss on available-for-sale equity securities	(922,941)		3,967,101		(4,141,156)	8,807,742
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, including from affiliated entities					6,621,990	(3,339,490)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets, including from affiliated entities					41,191,898	(17,590,402)
Other assets					17,154	655,650
Accounts payable and accrued expenses, including due to affiliated entities					(43,955,799)	58,090,822
Accrued clinical trial expenses					(4,421,691)	(203,397)
Deferred revenue, including from affiliated entity					0	8,953,565
Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities, net					(1,406,066)	(1,272,391)
Grant funding liability, including from affiliated entity					1,185,913	(1,730,316)
Other liabilities					0	(14,826)
Net cash used in operating activities					(68,979,134)	(112,410,075)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of investments					(106,741,680)	(139,377,240)
Proceeds from sale or maturity of investments					173,898,007	153,122,784
Purchases of capital assets					(320,898)	(717,212)
Proceeds from sale of capital assets					6,071,000	0
Investment in Geneos					0	(1,999,998)
Net cash provided by investing activities					72,906,429	11,028,334
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs					2,915,179	72,521,372
Proceeds from stock option exercises					0	189,522
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards					(456,996)	(1,349,733)
Net cash provided by financing activities					2,458,183	71,361,161
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents					(2,294)	(21,340)
Increase (Decrease) in cash and cash equivalents					6,383,184	(30,041,920)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		$ 46,329,359		$ 71,143,778	46,329,359	71,143,778	$ 71,143,778
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$ 52,712,543		$ 41,101,858		52,712,543	41,101,858	$ 46,329,359
Supplemental disclosures:
Amounts accrued for purchases of fixed assets					0	67,645
Interest paid					533,487	533,487
Issuance of common stock as part of litigation settlement					$ 14,000,000	$ 0

Organization and Operations

Organization and Operations	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization and Operations	Organization and Operations Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company” or “INOVIO”) is a biotechnology company focused on developing and commercializing DNA medicines to help treat and protect people from diseases associated with HPV, cancer, and infectious diseases. The Company’s goal is to advance its pipeline of product candidates and deliver on the promise of DNA medicines technology in treating and preventing a wide array of diseases. In clinical trials, INOVIO's DNA medicine candidates have shown the ability to generate immune responses, especially CD4+, CD8+, and memory T-cell responses against targeted pathogens and cancers, via its precisely designed plasmids. These plasmids are delivered into cells using the Company's investigational proprietary smart device, CELLECTRA. INO-3107 is INOVIO's candidate for the treatment of the HPV-related disease recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). In October 2022 and February 2023, INOVIO announced data from the first and second cohorts of its Phase 1/2 clinical trial of INO-3107 for the treatment of HPV-6 and HPV-11 associated RRP. In this trial, treatment with INO-3107 resulted in a statistically significant reduction of the median number of surgical interventions required to manage the disease during the first year following initial treatment, a result that reinforces the Company's belief that DNA medicines may play a key role in the treatment of HPV-related diseases. In addition to its development efforts with INO-3107, INOVIO is also actively developing or plan to develop DNA medicines for HPV-related precancers, including vulvar and anal dysplasia; HPV-related cancers, including head & neck cancer; and glioblastoma multiforme, or GBM, the most common aggressive type of brain cancer, as well as a potential vaccine booster to protect against the Ebola virus. The Company's partners and collaborators include Advaccine Biopharmaceuticals Suzhou Co, ApolloBio Corporation, AstraZeneca, The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Gates), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), HIV Vaccines Trial Network, Indiana University, International Vaccine Institute (IVI), Kaneka Eurogentec, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Plumbline Life Sciences, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Richter-Helm BioLogics, Thermo Fisher Scientific, the University of Pennsylvania, the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, and The Wistar Institute. INOVIO was incorporated in Delaware in June 2001 and has its principal executive offices in Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania.

Basis of Presentation, Liquidit

Basis of Presentation, Liquidity and Risks and Uncertainties	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation, Liquidity and Risks and Uncertainties	Basis of Presentation, Liquidity and Risks and Uncertainties Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Inovio have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) as contained in the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") for interim financial information and with instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2023, the condensed consolidated statements of operations, the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss and the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders' equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 are unaudited, but include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) that the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations, cash flows and changes in stockholders' equity for the periods presented. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 shown herein are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023, or for any other period. These unaudited financial statements, and notes thereto, should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 1, 2023. The balance sheet at December 31, 2022 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its subsidiary. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company consolidated its wholly-owned subsidiary Inovio Asia LLC. All intercompany accounts and transactions were eliminated upon consolidation. Liquidity The Company incurred a net loss attributable to common stockholders of $35.5 million and $76.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The Company had working capital of $151.4 million and an accumulated deficit of $1.6 billion as of June 30, 2023. The Company has incurred losses in each year since its inception and expects to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future in connection with the research and preclinical and clinical development of its product candidates. The Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $194.9 million as of June 30, 2023 are sufficient to support the Company's planned operations for a period of at least 12 months from the date of issuance of these financial statements. In order to continue to fund future research and development activit ies, the Company will need to seek additional capital. This may occur through strategic alliance and licensing arrangements, grant agreements and/or future public or private debt or equity financings including At-the-Market Equity Offering Sales Agreements (“Sales Agreements”). The Company has a history of conducting debt and equity financings, including the receipt of net proceeds of $2.9 million and $83.0 million under a Sales Agreement during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and year ended December 31, 2022, respectively . However, sufficient funding may not be available in the future, or if available, may be on terms that significantly dilute or otherwise adversely affect the rights of existing stockholders. If adequate funds are not available, the Company may need to delay, reduce the scope of or put on hold one or more of its clinical and/or preclinical programs. The Company’s ability to continue its operations is dependent upon its ability to obtain additional capital in the future and achieve profitable operations. The Company expects to continue to rely on outside sources of financing to meet its capital needs and the Company may never achieve positive cash flow. These condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to the specific amounts and classifications of assets and liabilities, which might be necessary should Inovio be unable to continue as a going concern. The Company's condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future. The Company has evaluated subsequent events after the balance sheet date through the date it issued these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Critical Accounting Policies

Critical Accounting Policies	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Critical Accounting Policies	Critical Accounting Policies Collaboration Agreements and Revenue Recognition The Company assesses whether its collaboration agreements are subject to Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 808: Collaborative Arrangements (“Topic 808”) based on whether they involve joint operating activities and whether both parties have active participation in the arrangement and are exposed to significant risks and rewards. To the extent that the arrangement falls within the scope of Topic 808 and the Company concludes that its collaboration partner is not a customer, the Company presents such payments as a reduction of research and development expense. If payments from the collaboration partner to the Company represent consideration from a customer, then the Company accounts for those payments within the scope of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). The Company enters into collaborative arrangements with partners that typically include payment of one or more of the following: (i) license fees; (ii) product supply services; (iii) milestone payments related to the achievement of developmental, regulatory, or commercial goals; and (iv) royalties on net sales of licensed products. Where a portion of non-refundable, upfront fees or other payments received are allocated to continuing performance obligations under the terms of a collaborative arrangement, they are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue when (or as) the underlying performance obligation is satisfied. As part of the accounting for these arrangements, the Company must develop estimates and assumptions that require judgment of management to determine the underlying stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation which determines how the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligation. The standalone selling price may include items such as forecasted revenues, development timelines, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success. The Company evaluates each performance obligation to determine if it can be satisfied at a point in time or over time. In addition, variable consideration must be evaluated to determine if it is constrained and, therefore, excluded from the transaction price. For collaboration arrangements that include license fees, the Company recognizes revenues from non-refundable, upfront fees allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the licensee and the licensee is able to use and benefit from the license. For licenses that are bundled with other promises, the Company utilizes judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue. The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition. For collaboration arrangements that include milestone payments (variable consideration), the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being reached and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. This assessment is based on the Company’s past experience with its collaboration partner, market insight and partner communication. Milestone payments that are not within the Company’s or the collaboration partner’s control, such as regulatory approvals, are generally not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability of achieving such milestones and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect license, collaboration or other revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment and could be material. For collaboration arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and for which the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company recognizes revenue in the period the underlying sales occur. To date, the Company has not recognized any royalty revenue resulting from any of its collaborative arrangements. Research and Development Expenses - Clinical Trial Accruals The Company's activities have largely consisted of research and development efforts related to developing its proprietary smart device technology and DNA medicine candidates. For clinical trial expenses, judgements used in estimating accruals rely on estimates of total costs incurred based on participant enrollment, completion of studies and other events. Accrued clinical trial costs are subject to revisions as trials progress. Revisions are charged to expense in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known. Historically, revisions have not resulted in material changes to research and development expense; however a modification in the protocol of a clinical trial or cancellation of a trial could result in a charge to the Company's results of operations.

Short-term Investments and Fair

Short-term Investments and Fair Value Measurements	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Short-term Investments and Fair Value Measurements	Short-term Investments and Fair Value Measurements The following is a summary of available-for-sale securities as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022: As of June 30, 2023 Contractual Cost Gross Unrealized Gross Unrealized Fair Market Value Mutual funds --- $ 65,340,680 $ — $ (5,232,358) $ 60,108,322 U.S. treasury securities Less than 1 78,144,669 321 — 78,144,990 Certificates of deposit Less than 1 2,978,235 12,695 (310) 2,990,620 U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities * 1,379,591 — (410,616) 968,975 $ 147,843,175 $ 13,016 $ (5,643,284) $ 142,212,907 As of December 31, 2022 Contractual Cost Gross Unrealized Gross Unrealized Fair Market Value Mutual funds --- $ 117,036,232 $ — $ (9,373,514) $ 107,662,718 U.S. treasury securities Less than 1 95,001,209 7,567 (44,266) 94,964,510 Certificates of deposit Less than 1 2,977,564 13,664 (320) 2,990,908 U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities * 1,435,592 — (384,331) 1,051,261 $ 216,450,597 $ 21,231 $ (9,802,431) $ 206,669,397 *No single maturity date. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded gross realized gains on investments of $200 and $500, respectively, and gross realized losses on investments of $1.5 million and $3.9 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded gross realized gains on investments of $1,000 and $21,000, respectively, and gross realized losses on investments of $3,000 and $342,000, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded net unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities of $923,000 and $4.1 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded net unrealized losses on available-for-sale equity securities of $4.0 million and $8.8 million, respectively. No material balances were reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Interest and dividends on investments classified as available-for-sale are included in interest income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had 23 available-for-sale securities with an aggregate total unrealized loss of $5.6 million. Of these securities, 21 had been in a loss position for longer than 12 months as of June 30, 2023. The Company periodically reviews its portfolio of available-for-sale debt securities to determine if any investment is impaired due to credit loss or other potential valuation concerns. For the debt securities where the fair value of the investment is less than the amortized cost basis, the Company has assessed at the individual security level for various quantitative factors including, but not limited to, the nature of the investments, changes in credit ratings, interest rate fluctuations, industry analyst reports, and the severity of impairment. Unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities as of June 30, 2023 were primarily due to changes in interest rates , and not due to increased credit risks associated with specific securities. Based on the credit quality of the available-for-sale debt securities that are in an unrealized loss position, and the Company’s estimates of future cash flows to be collected from those securities, the Company believes the unrealized losses are not credit losses. Accordingly, at June 30, 2023, the Company has not recorded an allowance for credit losses related to its available-for-sale debt securities. The following table presents the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis, determined using the following inputs as of June 30, 2023: Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2023 Total Quoted Prices Significant Significant Short-term investments Mutual funds $ 60,108,322 $ 60,108,322 $ — $ — U.S. treasury securities 78,144,990 78,144,990 — — Certificates of deposit 2,990,620 — 2,990,620 — U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities 968,975 — 968,975 — Total short-term investments 142,212,907 138,253,312 3,959,595 — Investment in affiliated entity 2,780,526 2,780,526 — — Total assets measured at fair value $ 144,993,433 $ 141,033,838 $ 3,959,595 $ — The following table presents the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis, determined using the following inputs as of December 31, 2022: Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 Total Quoted Prices Significant Significant Short-term investments Mutual funds $ 107,662,718 $ 107,662,718 $ — $ — U.S. treasury securities 94,964,510 94,964,510 — — Certificates of deposit 2,990,908 — 2,990,908 — U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities 1,051,261 — 1,051,261 — Total short-term investments 206,669,397 202,627,228 4,042,169 — Investment in affiliated entity 2,007,142 2,007,142 — — Total assets measured at fair value $ 208,676,539 $ 204,634,370 $ 4,042,169 $ — Level 1 assets at June 30, 2023 consisted of mutual funds and U.S. treasury securities held by the Company that are valued at quoted market prices, as well as the Company’s investment in its affiliated entity, PLS. The Company accounts for its investment in 597,808 common shares of PLS based on the closing price of the shares on the Korea New Exchange Market on the applicable balance sheet date. Unrealized gains and losses on the Company's equity securities are reported in the consolidated statement of ope rations as unrealized gain or loss on available-for-sale equity securities or as a gain or loss on investment in affiliated entity. Level 2 assets at June 30, 2023 consisted of certificates of deposit and U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities held by the Company that are initially valued at the transaction price and subsequently valued, at the end of each reporting period, typically utilizing market observable data. The Company obtains the fair value of its Level 2 assets from a professional pricing service, which may use quoted market prices for identical or comparable instruments, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly. The professional pricing service gathers quoted market prices and observable inputs from a variety of industry data providers. The valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of the Company's Level 2 financial instruments were derived from non-binding market consensus prices that are corroborated by observable market data, quoted market prices for similar instruments, or pricing models such as discounted cash flow techniques. The Company validates the quoted market prices provided by the primary pricing service by comparing the service's assessment of the fair values of the Company's investment portfolio balance against the fair values of the Company's investment portfolio balance obtained from an independent source. There were no Level 3 assets held as of June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.
Short-term Investments and Fair Value Measurements	Short-term Investments and Fair Value Measurements The following is a summary of available-for-sale securities as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022: As of June 30, 2023 Contractual Cost Gross Unrealized Gross Unrealized Fair Market Value Mutual funds --- $ 65,340,680 $ — $ (5,232,358) $ 60,108,322 U.S. treasury securities Less than 1 78,144,669 321 — 78,144,990 Certificates of deposit Less than 1 2,978,235 12,695 (310) 2,990,620 U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities * 1,379,591 — (410,616) 968,975 $ 147,843,175 $ 13,016 $ (5,643,284) $ 142,212,907 As of December 31, 2022 Contractual Cost Gross Unrealized Gross Unrealized Fair Market Value Mutual funds --- $ 117,036,232 $ — $ (9,373,514) $ 107,662,718 U.S. treasury securities Less than 1 95,001,209 7,567 (44,266) 94,964,510 Certificates of deposit Less than 1 2,977,564 13,664 (320) 2,990,908 U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities * 1,435,592 — (384,331) 1,051,261 $ 216,450,597 $ 21,231 $ (9,802,431) $ 206,669,397 *No single maturity date. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded gross realized gains on investments of $200 and $500, respectively, and gross realized losses on investments of $1.5 million and $3.9 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded gross realized gains on investments of $1,000 and $21,000, respectively, and gross realized losses on investments of $3,000 and $342,000, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded net unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities of $923,000 and $4.1 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded net unrealized losses on available-for-sale equity securities of $4.0 million and $8.8 million, respectively. No material balances were reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Interest and dividends on investments classified as available-for-sale are included in interest income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had 23 available-for-sale securities with an aggregate total unrealized loss of $5.6 million. Of these securities, 21 had been in a loss position for longer than 12 months as of June 30, 2023. The Company periodically reviews its portfolio of available-for-sale debt securities to determine if any investment is impaired due to credit loss or other potential valuation concerns. For the debt securities where the fair value of the investment is less than the amortized cost basis, the Company has assessed at the individual security level for various quantitative factors including, but not limited to, the nature of the investments, changes in credit ratings, interest rate fluctuations, industry analyst reports, and the severity of impairment. Unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities as of June 30, 2023 were primarily due to changes in interest rates , and not due to increased credit risks associated with specific securities. Based on the credit quality of the available-for-sale debt securities that are in an unrealized loss position, and the Company’s estimates of future cash flows to be collected from those securities, the Company believes the unrealized losses are not credit losses. Accordingly, at June 30, 2023, the Company has not recorded an allowance for credit losses related to its available-for-sale debt securities. The following table presents the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis, determined using the following inputs as of June 30, 2023: Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2023 Total Quoted Prices Significant Significant Short-term investments Mutual funds $ 60,108,322 $ 60,108,322 $ — $ — U.S. treasury securities 78,144,990 78,144,990 — — Certificates of deposit 2,990,620 — 2,990,620 — U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities 968,975 — 968,975 — Total short-term investments 142,212,907 138,253,312 3,959,595 — Investment in affiliated entity 2,780,526 2,780,526 — — Total assets measured at fair value $ 144,993,433 $ 141,033,838 $ 3,959,595 $ — The following table presents the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis, determined using the following inputs as of December 31, 2022: Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 Total Quoted Prices Significant Significant Short-term investments Mutual funds $ 107,662,718 $ 107,662,718 $ — $ — U.S. treasury securities 94,964,510 94,964,510 — — Certificates of deposit 2,990,908 — 2,990,908 — U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities 1,051,261 — 1,051,261 — Total short-term investments 206,669,397 202,627,228 4,042,169 — Investment in affiliated entity 2,007,142 2,007,142 — — Total assets measured at fair value $ 208,676,539 $ 204,634,370 $ 4,042,169 $ — Level 1 assets at June 30, 2023 consisted of mutual funds and U.S. treasury securities held by the Company that are valued at quoted market prices, as well as the Company’s investment in its affiliated entity, PLS. The Company accounts for its investment in 597,808 common shares of PLS based on the closing price of the shares on the Korea New Exchange Market on the applicable balance sheet date. Unrealized gains and losses on the Company's equity securities are reported in the consolidated statement of ope rations as unrealized gain or loss on available-for-sale equity securities or as a gain or loss on investment in affiliated entity. Level 2 assets at June 30, 2023 consisted of certificates of deposit and U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities held by the Company that are initially valued at the transaction price and subsequently valued, at the end of each reporting period, typically utilizing market observable data. The Company obtains the fair value of its Level 2 assets from a professional pricing service, which may use quoted market prices for identical or comparable instruments, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly. The professional pricing service gathers quoted market prices and observable inputs from a variety of industry data providers. The valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of the Company's Level 2 financial instruments were derived from non-binding market consensus prices that are corroborated by observable market data, quoted market prices for similar instruments, or pricing models such as discounted cash flow techniques. The Company validates the quoted market prices provided by the primary pricing service by comparing the service's assessment of the fair values of the Company's investment portfolio balance against the fair values of the Company's investment portfolio balance obtained from an independent source. There were no Level 3 assets held as of June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

Certain Balance Sheet Items

Certain Balance Sheet Items	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Certain Balance Sheet Items [Abstract]
Certain Balance Sheet Items	Certain Balance Sheet Items Prepaid and other current assets consisted of the following: June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Insurance recovery (a) $ — $ 30,000,000 Prepaid manufacturing expenses 143,700 1,401,028 Other prepaid expenses 3,087,182 18,729,453 $ 3,230,882 $ 50,130,481 Accounts payable and accrued expenses consisted of the following: June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Trade accounts payable $ 8,670,070 $ 19,862,487 Accrued compensation 10,001,069 12,574,921 Accrued litigation settlement (a) — 44,000,000 Other accrued expenses (b) 2,594,011 3,249,477 $ 21,265,150 $ 79,686,885 (a) In July 2022, the Company entered into a memorandum of understanding for the proposed settlement of the class action securities litigation described in this report under “Legal Proceedings.” The final judicial order for the settlement was issued in January 2023. The settlement consisted of $30.0 million in cash and $14.0 million in shares of the Company's common stock to settle all outstanding claims. As of December 31, 2022, the Company's insurance carriers had paid the cash component of the proposed settlement, which amounts were being held in escrow. The Company's insurance carriers paid $252,000 of other expenses on behalf of the Company, which amounts were offset against the insurers' cash commitment as part of the settlement. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the cash component of the settlement was released from escrow and the Company issued 9,121,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the securities class action settlement. (b) In March 2023, the Company entered into a stipulation of settlement for the proposed settlement of the shareholder derivative litigation described in this report under “Legal Proceedings.” In June 2023, the court preliminarily approved the proposed settlement. As part of the settlement, subsequent to June 30, 2023, the Company paid $1.2 million

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill and Intangible Assets	Goodwill and Intangible Assets The following sets forth the goodwill and intangible assets by major asset class: June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Weighted Average Useful Gross Accumulated Impairment Net Book Gross Accumulated Net Book Indefinite lived: Goodwill $ 10,513,371 $ — $ 10,513,371 $ 10,513,371 $ — $ 10,513,371 Definite lived: Licenses 10 — — — — 1,323,761 (1,323,761) — Bioject(a) 12 5,100,000 (3,115,556) (1,984,444) — 5,100,000 (2,988,889) 2,111,111 Other(b) 18 4,050,000 (4,050,000) — — 4,050,000 (4,031,250) 18,750 Total intangible assets 11 9,150,000 (7,165,556) (1,984,444) — 10,473,761 (8,343,900) 2,129,861 Total goodwill and intangible assets $ 19,663,371 $ (7,165,556) $ (1,984,444) $ 10,513,371 $ 20,987,132 $ (8,343,900) $ 12,643,232 (a) Bioject intangible assets represented the estimated fair value of developed technology and intellectual property which were recorded from an asset acquisition. (b) Other intangible assets represent the estimated fair value of acquired intellectual property. Aggregate amortization expense on intangible assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was $2.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Aggregate amortization expense on intangible assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $131,000 and $257,000, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $2.0 million to research and development expense for the remaining intangible assets related to the Bioject acquisition, as it was determined that there are no current plans to develop or utilize this technology based on the latest Company strategy. There were no other impairment or impairment indicators present during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. No losses were recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

Convertible Debt

Convertible Debt	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Convertible Debt	Convertible Debt Convertible Senior Notes On February 19, 2019 and March 1, 2019, the Company completed a private placement of $78.5 million aggregate principal amount of its 6.50% convertible senior notes due 2024 (the “Notes”). The Notes were sold in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Net proceeds from the offering were $75.7 million. The Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and accrue interest payable in cash semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year at a rate of 6.50% per annum. The Notes will mature on March 1, 2024, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding November 1, 2023, the Notes will be convertible at the option of the holders only upon the satisfaction of certain circumstances. Thereafter, the Notes will be convertible at the option of the holders at any time until the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at its election. The initial conversion rate was 185.8045 shares per $1,000 principal amount of Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $5.38 per share), subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. The Company may redeem all, or any portion, of the Notes for cash if the last reported sale price per share of the Company's common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (i) each of at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (ii) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such redemption notice. The redemption price will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Initially, in accounting for the issuance of the Notes, the Company separated the Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of similar debt instruments, which do not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option for the Notes was $16.3 million and was recorded as a debt discount, which was being amortized to interest expense at an effective interest rate of 13.1%. In addition, the Company allocated $592,000 of debt issuance costs to the equity component and the remaining debt issuance costs of $2.2 million were allocated to the liability component, which were being amortized to interest expense under the effective interest rate method. On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASU No. 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”), which is intended to simplify the accounting for convertible instruments. The ASU eliminates the cash conversion feature models in ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, which required an issuer of certain convertible debt to separately account for embedded conversion features as a component of equity. Instead, an issuer will account for these securities as a single unit of account, unless the conversion feature meets certain criteria. The Company adopted the new standard using the modified retrospective method, and recorded a net reduction to accumulated deficit of $1.8 million, a decrease to additional paid-in capital of $3.3 million, and an increase to convertible senior notes of $1.5 million to reflect the impact of the accounting change. The Notes are now accounted for as a single liability measured at amortized cost, as no other embedded features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. The balance of the Notes at June 30, 2023 was as follows: Original principal amount $ 78,500,000 Principal amount converted into common shares (62,085,000) Unamortized debt issuance cost (62,329) Accrued interest 355,658 Net carrying amount $ 16,708,329 For both the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $313,000 and $627,000, respectively, of interest expense related to the Notes, of which $267,000 and $533,000, respectively, related to the contractual interest coupon. As of June 30, 2023, future minimum payments due under the Notes, representing contractual amounts due, including interest based on the fixed rate of 6.5% per annum, were as follows: 2023 533,000 2024 16,948,000 Total $ 17,481,000

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity	Stockholders’ Equity The following is a summary of the Company's authorized and issued common and preferred stock as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022: Outstanding as of Authorized Issued June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share 600,000,000 268,073,202 268,073,202 253,091,319 Series C Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share 1,091 1,091 9 9 Issuances of Common Stock On November 9, 2021, the Company entered into an ATM Equity Offering SM Sales Agreement (the “2021 Sales Agreement”) with outside sales agents (collectively, the “Sales Agents”) for the offer and sale of its common stock for an aggregate offering price of up to $300.0 million. The 2021 Sales Agreement provides that the Sales Agents will be entitled to compensation in an amount equal to up to 3.0% of the gross sales proceeds of any common stock sold through the Sales Agents under the 2021 Sales Agreement. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 , the Company sold 5,105,152 shares of its common stock under the 2021 Sales Agreement at a weighted average price of $0.58 per share, resulting in aggregate net proceeds of $2.9 million. As of June 30, 2023 there was $164.4 million of remaining capacity under the 2021 Sales Agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company issued 9,121,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the securities class action settlement, as described in Note 12. Stock Options and Restricted Stock Units The Board of Directors adopted the 2023 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”) on March 24, 2023, pursuant to which the Company may grant stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units ("RSUs") and other stock-based awards or short-term cash incentive awards to employees, directors and consultants. The 2023 Plan was approved by stockholders on May 16, 2023. The aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be issued under the 2023 Plan will not exceed the sum of 14,000,000 shares plus any shares that may return from time to time from the 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan (as amended, the “2016 Plan”) as a result of expirations, terminations or forfeitures of awards outstanding under the 2016 Plan as of May 16, 2023. At June 30, 2023, the Company had 14,098,753 shares of common stock available for future grant under the 2023 Plan, 0 shares underlying outstanding RSUs and 1,875 shares underlying options outstanding to purchase common stock under the 2023 Plan. The awards granted and available for future grant under the 2023 Plan generally vest over three years and have a maximum contractual term of ten years. The 2023 Plan terminates by its terms on March 24, 2033. At June 30, 2023, the Company had 3,545,212 shares underlying outstanding but unvested RSUs and options outstanding to purchase 13,181,949 shares of common stock under the 2016 Plan. The outstanding awards granted under the 2016 Plan generally vest over three years and have a maximum contractual term of ten years. Following adoption of the 2023 Plan, no further awards may be made under the 2016 Plan, but outstanding awards continue to be governed by their existing terms. On June 24, 2022, the Company's board of directors adopted a stock-based incentive plan (the "2022 Inducement Plan"), which provides for the discretionary grant of nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, RSU awards, performance awards, and other awards to individuals as a material inducement to entering into employment with the Company. The aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be issued under the 2022 Inducement Plan will not exceed 2,000,000 shares. At June 30, 2023, the Company had 1,557,500 shares of common stock available for future grant under the 2022 Inducement Plan, 120,000 shares underlying outstanding but unvested RSUs and options outstanding to purchase 287,500 shares of common stock under the 2022 Inducement Plan. The 2022 Inducement Plan can be terminated by the Company's board of directors at any time.

Net Loss Per Share

Net Loss Per Share	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net Loss Per Share	Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss for the period by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is calculated in accordance with the treasury stock method for the outstanding stock options and RSUs and refle cts the potential dilution that would occur if securities or other con tracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted to common stock. The dilutive impact of the outstanding Notes issued by the Company (discussed in Note 7) has been considered using the "if-converted" method. The calculation of diluted net loss per share requires that, to the extent the average market price of the underlying shares for the reporting period exceeds the exercise price of the options or other securities and the presumed exercise of such securities are dilutive to net loss per share for the period, an adjustment to the net loss used in the calculation is required to remove the change in fair value of such securities from the numerator for the period. Likewise, an adjustment to the denominator is required to reflect the related dilutive shares, if any. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, basic and diluted net loss per share were the same, as the assumed exercise or settlement of stock options and RSUs and the potentially dilutive shares issuable upon conversion of the Notes would have been anti-dilutive. The following table summarizes potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the diluted net loss per share calculation because of their anti-dilutive effect: Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 Options to purchase common stock 15,166,694 14,292,362 Service-based restricted stock units 3,665,212 2,869,680 Performance-based restricted stock units — 111,941 Convertible preferred stock 3,309 3,309 Convertible notes 3,049,980 3,049,980 Total 21,885,195 20,327,272

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation The Company incurs stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs and stock options. The fair value of restricted stock is determined by the closing price of the Company's common stock reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on the date of grant. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options, which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the input of subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility and expected option life. The Company amortizes the fair value of the awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite vesting period of the awards. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility. The expected life of options granted is based on historical expected life. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant. The dividend yield is based on the fact that no dividends have been paid historically and none are currently expected to be paid in the foreseeable future. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur. The weighted average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model for option grants to employees and directors are presented below: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Risk-free interest rate 3.45% 2.90% 4.05% 2.04% Expected volatility 101% 95% 100% 94% Expected life in years 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.7 Dividend yield — — — — Total employee and director stock-based compensation expense recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was $2.8 million and $6.4 million, respectively, of which $1.3 million and $2.7 million, respectively, was included in research and development expenses, and $1.5 million and $3.7 million, respectively, was included in general and administrative expenses. Total employee and director stock-based compensation expense recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $8.8 million and $16.0 million, respectively, of which $2.2 million and $5.9 million, respectively, was included in research and development expenses, and $6.6 million and $10.1 million, respectively, was included in general and administrative expenses. At June 30, 2023, there was $8.7 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years. The weighted average grant date fair value per share, calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, was $0.60 and $0.94 for employee and director stock options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $1.66 and $2.35 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. At June 30, 2023, there was $6.3 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested service-based RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years. The weighted average grant date fair value per share was $0.77 and $0.86 for service-based RSUs granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $2.14 and $3.12 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. The fair value of stock options granted to non-employees was estimated using the Black-Scholes pricing model. Total stock-based compensation expense for stock options and RSUs granted to non-employees for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was $146,000 and $366,000, respectively. Total stock-based compensation expense for stock options and RSUs granted to non-employees for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $415,000 and $965,000, respectively.

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	Related Party Transactions Plumbline Life Sciences, Inc. The Company owned 597,808 shares of common stock in PLS as of June 30, 2023, representing an 18.7% ownership interest, and one of the Company's directors, Dr. David B. Weiner, acts as a consultant to PLS. Revenue recognized from PLS consists of milestone, license and patent fees. For both the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recognized no revenue from PLS and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 recognized revenue of $6,000 and $15,000, respectively. At each of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had an accounts receivable balance of $59,000 due from PLS. The Wistar Institute The Company's director Dr. David B. Weiner is a director of the Vaccine Center of The Wistar Institute ("Wistar"). Dr. Weiner is also the Executive Vice President of Wistar. In March 2016, the Company entered into collaborative research agreements with Wistar for preventive and therapeutic DNA-based immunotherapy applications and products developed by Dr. Weiner and Wistar for the treatment of cancers and infectious diseases. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company reimbursed Wistar for all direct and indirect costs incurred in the conduct of the collaborative research, not to exceed $3.1 million during the five-year term of the agreements. In March 2021, upon expiration of the March 2016 agreements, the Company entered into new collaborative research agreements with Wistar with the same terms. The Company has the exclusive right to in-license new intellectual property developed under this agreement. In 2020, the Company received a $10.7 million sub-grant through Wistar, which was amended in 2021 to $13.6 million, for the preclinical development and translational studies of dMAbs as countermeasures for COVID-19, with funding extended through August 2024 . The sub-grant also includes an option for an additional $1.6 million in funding through September 2025. In December 2022, the Company received a $1.2 million sub-grant through Wistar with funding through November 2023, with an option for an additional $5.4 million in funding through November 2027. The Company will support the Wistar lead consortium in the research and development of synthetic DNA-launched immunogens for HIV. Deferred grant funding recognized from Wistar and recorded as contra-research and development expense is related to work performed by the Company on the research sub-contract agreements. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded $179,000 and $390,000, respectively, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 the Company recorded $3.9 million and $5.4 million, respectively, as contra-research and development expense from Wistar. Research and development expenses recorded from Wistar relate primarily to the collaborative research agreements and sub-contract agreements related to Gates and CEPI (see Note 13). Research and development expenses recorded from Wistar for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 were $510,000 and $932,000, respectively. Research and development expenses recorded from Wistar for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 were $444,000 and $626,000, respectively. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had an accounts receivable balance of $5.0 million and $9.9 million, respectively, and an accounts payable and accrued liability balance of $1.7 million and $1.2 million, respectively, related to Wistar. As of June 30, 2023, the Company recorded $44,000 as deferred grant funding and $12,000 as prepaid expenses on the condensed consolidated balance sheet related to Wistar.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Leases The Company leases approximately 82,200 square feet of office, laboratory, and manufacturing space in San Diego, California and 57,360 square feet of office space in Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania under various non-cancellable operating lease agreements with remaining lease terms as of June 30, 2023 of 0.4 to 6.5 ye ars, which represent the non-cancellable periods of the leases. The Company has excluded the extension options from its lease terms in the calculation of future lease payments as they are not reasonably certain to be exercised. The Company's lease payments consist primarily of fixed rental payments for the right to use the underlying leased assets over the lease terms as well as payments for common area maintenance and administrative services. The Company has received customary incentives from its landlords, such as reimbursements for tenant improvements and rent abatement periods, which effectively reduce the total lease payments owed for these leases. The Company performed an evaluation of its contracts with customers and suppliers in accordance with ASC Topic 842 and determined that, except for the real estate leases described above and various copier leases, none of its other contracts contain a right-of-use asset. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet represents the present value of the remaining lease payments over the remaining lease terms. Payments for additional monthly fees to cover the Company's share of certain facility expenses are not included in operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to calculate the present value of its lease payments, as the implicit rates in the leases are not readily determinable. As of June 30, 2023, the maturities of the Company's operating lease liabilities were as follows: Remainder of 2023 $ 2,098,000 2024 3,050,000 2025 3,063,000 2026 3,139,000 2027 2,526,000 Thereafter 4,223,000 Total remaining lease payments 18,099,000 Less: present value adjustment (4,046,000) Total operating lease liabilities 14,053,000 Less: current portion (2,351,000) Long-term operating lease liabilities $ 11,702,000 Weighted-average remaining lease term 5.6 years Weighted-average discount rate 8.6% Lease costs included in operating expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 were $856,000 and $1.7 million, respectively. Lease costs included in operating expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 were $851,000 and $1.7 million, respectively. Operating lease costs consisting of the fixed lease payments included in operating lease liabilities are recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Variable lease costs are recorded as incurred. In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company entered into two agreements to sublease a total of approximately 13,500 square feet in its Plymouth Meeting headquarters with one period through March 31, 2025 and the other month-to-month after December 31, 2022. In the normal course of business, the Company is a party to a variety of agreements pursuant to which it may be obligated to indemnify the other party. It is not possible to predict the maximum potential amount of future payments under these types of agreements due to the conditional nature of the Company's obligations and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Historically, payments made by the Company under these types of agreements have not had a material effect on its business, consolidated results of operations or financial condition. Legal Proceedings Securities Litigation On March 12, 2020, a purported shareholder class action complaint, McDermid v. Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and J. Joseph Kim, was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, naming the Company and its former President and Chief Executive Officer as defendants. The lawsuit alleged that the Company made materially false and misleading statements in violation of certain federal securities laws. The plaintiffs sought unspecified monetary damages on behalf of the putative class and an award of costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees. The plaintiffs’ complaint was later amended to include certain of the Company’s other officers as defendants. After additional motions were filed in the case, in June 2022 the parties negotiated an agreement in principle to settle the shareholder class action complaint, which was approved by the court in January 2023. Under the settlement, the Company agreed to pay $30.0 million in cash and $14.0 million in shares of its common stock to settle all outstanding claims. The Company's insurance carriers paid the $30.0 million cash component of the settlement. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company issued 9,121,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the securities class action settlement. Shareholder Derivative Litigation On April 20, 2020, a purported shareholder derivative complaint, Behesti v. Kim, et al., was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, naming eight current and former directors of the Company as defendants. The lawsuit asserted state and federal claims and was based on the same alleged misstatements as the shareholder class action complaint described above. The lawsuit accused the Company’s board of directors of failing to exercise reasonable and prudent supervision over the Company’s management, policies, practices, and internal controls. The plaintiff sought unspecified monetary damages on behalf of the Company as well as governance reforms. On June 5, 2020, the court stayed the Beheshti action. On June 12, 2020 and June 15, 2020, two additional shareholder derivative complaints were filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, captioned Isman v. Benito, et al. and Devarakonda et al. v Kim, et. al. The complaints asserted substantially similar claims as the Beheshti action and named the Company’s current directors as defendants. The Devarakonda complaint also named one of the Company’s former directors as a defendant. On July 21, 2020, the court consolidated the three derivative cases under the caption In re Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Derivative Litigation. On July 7, 2020, a fourth shareholder derivative complaint, Fettig v. Kim et al., was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, naming eight current and former directors of the Company as defendants. The complaint asserted substantially similar claims as those in the consolidated derivative action. On August 27, 2020, the Fettig action was consolidated with the other derivative cases. On March 28, 2022, a fifth shareholder derivative complaint, Schumacher v. Benito et al., was filed in the Delaware Court of Chancery, naming eight current and former directors as defendants. The complaint asserted substantially similar claims as those in the consolidated derivative action. On May 4, 2022, the Delaware Court of Chancery entered a stay of the litigation. On March 17, 2023, the parties submitted a joint status report to the Court of Chancery reporting that the parties agreed to a settlement in principle, which also provided for the resolution of the consolidated derivative action and certain stockholder demands. On April 19, 2023, the plaintiffs in the consolidated derivative action filed a motion for preliminary approval of settlement with the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The proposed settlement provides for resolution of the consolidated derivative action, the derivative action pending in the Delaware Court of Chancery, and certain stockholder demands. On June 14, 2023, the court entered an order preliminarily approving the proposed settlement of the derivative claims, in accordance with a Stipulation of Settlement dated March 31, 2023. The order also approved the form and manner of the notice of the Settlement and set October 11, 2023 as the date for a settlement hearing to determine, among other things, whether the terms of the Stipulation should be approved as fair, reasonable and adequate. The Stipulation of Settlement contemplates that, following the settlement hearing and the final approval of the settlement by the court, the Company will implement certain corporate governance reforms described in the Stipulation of Settlement. In addition, as part of the Settlement, subsequent to June 30, 2023, the Company paid $1.2 million to plaintiffs’ counsel for their fees and expenses, which amount remains subject to final court approval. VGXI Litigation On June 3, 2020, the Company filed a complaint in the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania against VGXI, Inc. and GeneOne Life Science, Inc., or GeneOne, and together with VGXI, Inc. collectively referred to as VGXI, alleging that VGXI had materially breached the Company’s supply agreement with them. The complaint seeks declaratory judgments, specific performance of the agreement, injunctive relief, an accounting, damages, attorneys’ fees, interest, costs and other relief from VGXI. On June 3, 2020, the Company filed a petition for preliminary injunction, which was denied on June 25, 2020. On June 26, 2020, the Company filed notice of appeal of the denial of the petition with the Pennsylvania Superior Court. On July 7, 2020, VGXI filed an answer, new matter and counterclaims against the Company, alleging that the Company had breached the supply agreement, as well as misappropriation of trade secrets and unjust enrichment. The counterclaims seek injunctive relief, damages, attorneys’ fees, interest, costs and other relief from the Company. Also, on July 7, 2020, VGXI filed a third-party complaint against Ology Bioservices, Inc., a contract manufacturing organization that the Company had engaged to provide services similar to those that were being provided by VGXI. On July 27, 2020, the Company filed an answer to VGXI’s counterclaims, disputing the allegations and the claims raised in VGXI’s filing. On October 1, 2020, the Company filed a notice of discontinuance of appeal with the Pennsylvania Superior Court. A trial date for the litigation has not been set. The Company intends to aggressively prosecute the claims set forth in its complaint against VGXI and to vigorously defend itself against VGXI’s counterclaims. GeneOne Litigation On December 7, 2020, GeneOne filed a complaint in the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania against the Company, alleging that the Company had breached the CELLECTRA Device License Agreement, or the Agreement, between the Company and GeneOne. The Company terminated the Agreement on October 9, 2020. The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract, declaratory judgment, unfair competition, and unjust enrichment. The complaint seeks injunctive relief, an accounting, damages, disgorgement of profits, attorneys’ fees, interest, and other relief from the Company. On January 29, 2021, the Company filed preliminary objections to the complaint. On August 23, 2021, the court overruled the Company’s preliminary objections to the complaint. On September 13, 2021, the Company filed an answer to the complaint, new matter, and counterclaims. The Company’s counterclaims allege that GeneOne breached the Agreement and assert claims for breach of contract and declaratory judgment. The counterclaims seek damages, interest, expenses, attorney’s fees, and costs. On October 18, 2021, GeneOne filed its answer to the Company’s counterclaims and new matter. On November 8, 2021, we filed our answer to GeneOne’s new matter. A trial date for this litigation has not been set. The Company intends to aggressively prosecute the claims set forth in its counterclaims against GeneOne and to vigorously defend itself against the claims in GeneOne’s complaint. Other Matters From time to time, the Company may be involved in disputes, including litigation, relating to claims arising out of operations in the normal course of its business. Any of these claims could subject the Company to costly legal expenses and, while the Company generally believes that it has adequate insurance to cover many different types of liabilities, its insurance carriers may deny coverage or its policy limits may be inadequate to fully satisfy any damage awards or settlements. If this were to happen, the payment of any such awards could have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated results of operations and financial position. Additionally, any such claims, whether or not successful, could damage the Company's reputation and business. Except as described above, the Company is not a party to any legal proceedings, the adverse outcome of which, in management’s opinion, individually or in the aggregate, would be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial position.

Collaborative Agreements

Collaborative Agreements	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Collaborative Agreements	Collaborative Agreements Advaccine Biopharmaceuticals Suzhou Co., Ltd. On December 31, 2020, the Company entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement with Advaccine Biopharmaceuticals Suzhou Co., Ltd. (“Advaccine”), which was amended and restated on June 7, 2021 (as amended and restated, the “Advaccine Agreement”). Under the terms of the Advaccine Agreement, the Company granted to Advaccine the exclusive right to develop, manufacture and commercialize the Company’s vaccine candidate INO-4800 within the territories of China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau (referred to collectively as “Greater China”) and 33 additional countries in Asia. Advaccine does not have the right to grant sublicenses, other than to affiliated entities, without the Company’s express prior written consent. As part of the collaboration, Advaccine also granted to the Company a non-exclusive license to certain DNA vaccine manufacturing processes. The June 2021 amendment related to a collaboration between the Company and Advaccine to jointly conduct a global Phase 3 segment of the Company’s clinical trial of INO-4800 that was planned. The parties were jointly participating in the trial and were to equally share the global development costs for the trial, including the Company’s manufacturing costs to supply INO-4800. Advaccine agreed to be fully responsible for conducting the trial in Greater China, including its costs and expenses incurred. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company discontinued its internally funded efforts to develop INO-4800 as a COVID-19 heterologous booster vaccine. Advaccine will continue to develop INO-4800 with its own resources under the terms of the Advaccine Agreement. Under the Advaccine Agreement, Advaccine made an upfront payment to the Company of $3.0 million in January 2021. In addition to the upfront payment, the Company is entitled to receive up to an aggregate of $200.0 million upon the achievement of specified milestones related to the development, regulatory approval and commercialization of INO-4800, including the achievement of specified net sales thresholds for INO-4800 in Greater China and the additional covered territories, if approved. The Company will also be entitled to receive a royalty equal to a high single-digit percentage of annual net sales in each region within the licensed territory, subject to reduction in the event of competition from biosimilar products in a particular region and in other specified circumstances. Advaccine’s obligation to pay royalties will continue, on a licensed product-by-licensed product basis and region-by-region basis, for ten years after the first commercial sale in a particular region within Greater China or, if later, until the expiration of the last-to-expire patent covering a given licensed product in a given region. Beginning in the first calendar year following the first commercial sale of INO-4800 in the licensed territory outside of Greater China, Advaccine will pay the Company an annual maintenance fee of $1.5 million for a period of five years, which fee will be creditable against any royalties payable by Advaccine with respect to sales outside of Greater China. Under the Advaccine Agreement, the Company will supply Advaccine’s clinical requirements of INO-4800 and devices, although Advaccine may manufacture INO-4800 for its clinical use and may procure alternate suppliers. Advaccine is responsible for the manufacture and supply of INO-4800 itself or through a contract manufacturer for commercial use. Upon Advaccine’s reasonable request, the parties may negotiate a separate clinical and/or commercial supply agreement. The Advaccine Agreement will continue in force on a region-by-region basis until Advaccine has no remaining royalty obligations in such region. Either party may terminate the Advaccine Agreement (i) in the event the other party shall have materially breached its obligations thereunder and such default shall have continued for a specified period after written notice thereof or (ii) upon the bankruptcy or insolvency of the other party. In addition, the Company may terminate the agreement, upon prior written notice, if Advaccine (i) ceases all development or commercialization activities for at least nine months, subject to certain exceptions, or (ii) challenges the validity, enforceability or scope of any of the patents licensed by the Company to Advaccine under the Advaccine Agreement, subject to certain conditions. Advaccine may terminate the Advaccine Agreement at any time for convenience upon nine months’ written notice to the Company, if such notice is provided before the first commercial sale of INO-4800 in the licensed territory, or 18 months’ written notice thereafter; provided that the Company may accelerate the effectiveness of such termination to the extent permitted by law. The Company evaluated the terms of the Advaccine Agreement under ASC Topics 606 and 808 at inception and determined that the contract was with a customer and therefore should be accounted for under ASC Topic 606. The license to INO-4800 in the territories was identified as the only distinct performance obligation on a standalone basis as of the inception of the Advaccine Agreement. The Company concluded that the license was distinct from potential future manufacturing and supply obligations. The Company further determined that the transaction price under the Advaccine Agreement consisted of the $3.0 million upfront payment received in January 2021 plus a $2.0 million milestone payment which was achieved upon contract signing. The future potential milestone amounts were not included in the transaction price, as they were all determined to be fully constrained. As part of the evaluation of the development and regulatory milestones constraint, the Company determined that the achievement of such milestones is contingent upon success in future clinical trials and regulatory approvals, each of which is uncertain. Future potential milestone amounts may be recognized as revenue under the Advaccine Agreement, as well as under other collaborative research and development arrangements, if unconstrained. Reimbursable program costs will be recognized proportionately with the performance of the underlying services or delivery of drug supply and are excluded from the transaction price. Under Topic 606, the entire transaction price of $5.0 million was allocated to the license performance obligation. For each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, no revenue was recognized from Advaccine. In connection with the June 2021 amendment, the Company determined that the global Phase 3 trial component of the agreement was a collaboration and not a contract with a customer and therefore accounted for the June 2021 amendment under ASC Topic 808. Reimbursements from Advaccine were recognized as contra-research development expense on the condensed consolidated statement of operations once earned and collectibility was assured. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company received funding of $1.2 million and $2.4 million, respectively, from Advaccine that was recorded as contra-research and development expense. No funding was received during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022. ApolloBio Corporation On December 29, 2017, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated License and Collaboration Agreement (the "ApolloBio Agreement"), with ApolloBio Corporation ("ApolloBio"), with an effective date of March 20, 2018. Under the terms of the ApolloBio Agreement, the Company has granted to ApolloBio the exclusive right to develop and commercialize VGX-3100, its DNA immunotherapy product candidate designed to treat pre-cancers caused by HPV, within the agreed upon territories. The Company is entitled to receive up to an aggregate of $20.0 million, less required income, withholding or other taxes, upon the achievement of specified milestones related to the regulatory approval of VGX-3100 in accordance with the ApolloBio Agreement. In the event that VGX-3100 is approved for marketing, the Company will be entitled to receive royalty payments based on a tiered percentage of annual net sales, with such percentage being in the low- to mid-teens, subject to reduction in the event of generic competition in a particular territory. ApolloBio’s obligation to pay royalties will continue for 10 years after the first commercial sale in a particular territory or, if later, until the expiration of the last-to-expire patent covering the licensed products in the specified territory. The ApolloBio Agreement will continue in force until ApolloBio has no remaining royalty obligations. Either party may terminate the ApolloBio Agreement in the event the other party shall materially breach or default in the performance of its material obligations thereunder and such default continues for a specified period after written notice thereof. In addition, ApolloBio may terminate the ApolloBio Agreement at any time beginning one year after the effective date for any reason upon 90 days written notice to the Company. As of June 30, 2023 there have been no significant reimbursable program costs under the ApolloBio Agreement. Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations The Company previously entered into agreements with CEPI, pursuant to which the Company intended to develop vaccine candidates against Lassa fever and MERS. The goal of the collaboration between the Company and CEPI was to conduct research and development so that investigational stockpiles would be ready for clinical efficacy trial testing during potential disease outbreaks. The agreements with CEPI contemplated preclinical studies, as well as Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials, occurring over multiple years. As part of the arrangement between the parties, CEPI agreed to fund up to an aggregate of $56 million of costs over a five-year period for preclinical studies, as well as planned Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials, to be conducted by the Company and collaborators, with funding from CEPI based on the achievement of identified milestones. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company received funding of $303,000 and $1.9 million, respectively, related to these grants and recorded those payments as contra-research and development expense. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company received funding of $3.2 million and $5.2 million, respectively, related to these grants and recorded those payments as contra-research and development expense. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had $1.5 million recorded as deferred grant funding on the condensed consolidated balance sheet related to these CEPI grants. In November 2022, the Company announced that it and CEPI would discontinue the development of these product candidates targeting Lassa fever and MERS, following the initial analysis of data from the studies conducted by the Company and funded by CEPI. In January 2020, CEPI awarded the Company a grant of up to $9.0 million to support preclinical and clinical development of INO-4800 through Phase 1 human testing in the United States. In April 2020, CEPI awarded the Company a grant of $6.9 million to work with the International Vaccine Institute ("IVI") and the Korea National Institute of Health ("KNIH") to conduct clinical trials of INO-4800 in South Korea, a grant of $5.0 million to accelerate development of the Company's next-generation intradermal electroporation device, known as CELLECTRA ® 3PSP, for the intradermal delivery of INO-4800, and a grant of $1.3 million to support large-scale manufacturing of INO-4800. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company received funding of $135,000 and $188,000, respectively, from CEPI related to these grants for INO-4800 and recorded such amounts as contra-research and development expense. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company received funding of $243,000 and $754,000, respectively, from CEPI related to these grants for INO-4800 and recorded such amounts as contra-research and development expense. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had $2.2 million recorded as deferred grant funding on the condensed consolidated balance sheet from the CEPI grants related to INO-4800. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation In October 2018, Gates awarded and funded the Company a grant of $2.2 million to advance the development of dMAbs to address issues in infectious disease prevention and therapy. This technology has high relevance for the control of influenza and HIV. This next-generation approach to the delivery of monoclonal antibodies would make the technology accessible to low and middle-income countries. In August 2019, Gates funded an additional $1.1 million for the project. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded $12,000 and $70,000, respectively, as contra-research and development expense related to the Gates dMAb grant. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded $6,000 and $86,000, respectively, as contra-research and development expense related to the Gates dMAb grant. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had $86,000 recorded as deferred grant funding on the condensed consolidated balance sheet related to the grant. Department of Defense (DoD) In June 2020, the Company entered into an Other Transaction Authority for Prototype Agreement (the “OTA Agreement”) with the DoD to fund the Company’s efforts in developing the CELLECTRA ® 3PSP device and associated arrays to be used for delivery of INO-4800 against COVID-19. The total amount of funding provided to the Company under the OTA Agreement was $54.5 million. The Company determined that the OTA Agreement should be considered under Subtopic 958-605, Not-for-Profit Entities Revenue Recognition , which is outside the scope of Topic 606, as the government agency granting the Company funds was not receiving reciprocal value for their contributions. The Company recorded contra-research development expense on the condensed consolidated statement of operations in the same period that the underlying expenses were incurred. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded $2.9 million and $6.1 million , respectively, as contra-research and development expense related to the OTA Agreement. No amounts were recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. Additionally, in June 2020, the Company was awarded a fixed-price contract (the “Procurement Contract”) from the DoD for the purchase of the Company’s intradermal CELLECTRA® 2000 device and accessories. The total purchase price under the Procurement Contract was $16.8 million. The Company determined that the Procurement Contract fell under the scope of ASC Topic 606 as the contract was with a customer and the Company was able to satisfy its obligations under the arrangement. Performance obligations under the Procurement Contract consisted of the delivery of a specified number of CELLECTRA® 2000 devices and accessories. The total transaction price was allocated to the individual performance obligations based on the determined standalone selling price for the devices and accessories. In 2021, the DoD discontinued funding for the Phase 3 segment of the Company's clinical trials for INO-4800 and in January 2022, the total purchase price under the Procurement Contract was reduced to $10.7 million. All performance obligations under the Procurement Contract have been satisfied. During each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded revenue of $625,000 from the Procurement Contract. No amounts were recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The Company uses an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates, to determine its quarterly provision for income taxes. Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rates from quarter to quarter. Due to the adoption of ASU 2019-12 which removes the exception under ASC 740-20-45-7 to consider all sources of income in order to determine the tax benefit resulting from a loss from continuing operations, ASC 740-20-45-7 no longer applies. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not record any income tax provision/(benefit) due to the Company’s history of net operating losses generated and the maintenance of a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets.

Geneos Therapeutics, Inc.

Geneos Therapeutics, Inc.	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]
Geneos Therapeutics, Inc.	Geneos Therapeutics, Inc. In 2016, the Company formed Geneos to develop and commercialize neoantigen-based personalized cancer therapies. Geneos was considered a variable interest entity (VIE) for which the Company was the primary beneficiary. The Company's Chief Scientific Officer Dr. Laurent Humeau is on the Board of Directors of Geneos. The Company's director Dr. David B. Weiner is the Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board of Geneos. In 2019, Geneos completed the initial closing of a Series A preferred stock financing. The Company invested $1.2 million in the Series A preferred stock financing, which was led by an outside investor. Following this transaction, the Company held 61% of the outstanding equity, on an as-converted to common stock basis, of Geneos and continued to consolidate its investment in Geneos under ASC 810, Consolidation . In January 2020, Geneos completed the second closing of the Series A preferred stock financing, in which the Company invested $800,000. Following this transaction, the Company held 52% of the outstanding equity, on an as-converted to common stock basis, of Geneos and continued to consolidate its investment in Geneos. In June 2020, Geneos closed an additional Series A preferred stock financing round, in which the Company invested $800,000. Following this transaction, the Company owned 47% of the outstanding equity of Geneos on an as-converted to common stock basis. This transaction triggered a VIE reconsideration, as the Company no longer held a controlling financial interest. Based on the Company’s assessment, Geneos continued to be a VIE as it did not have sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. However, the Company was not the primary beneficiary of Geneos, as it did not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact Geneos’ economic performance. Accordingly, the Company deconsolidated its investment in Geneos as of June 1, 2020, resulting in a gain of $4.1 million, of which $2.4 million related to the remeasurement of the retained noncontrolling interest investment to fair value. The Company applies the equity method to investments in common stock and to other investments in entities that have risk and reward characteristics that are substantially similar to an investment in the investee’s common stock. Since the Company’s Series A preferred stock investment in Geneos has a substantive liquidation preference, it is not substantially similar to the Company’s common stock investment and will therefore be recorded as an equity security under ASC 321. Following the deconsolidation, the Company accounts for its common stock investment in Geneos, in which the Company lacks control but does have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies, using the equity method. Generally, the ability to exercise significant influence is presumed when the investor possesses more than 20% of the voting interests of the investee. This presumption may be overcome based on specific facts and circumstances that demonstrate that the ability to exercise significant influence is restricted. In applying the equity method, the Company records the investment at cost unless the initial recognition is the result of the deconsolidation of a subsidiary, in which case it is recorded at fair value. The Company's proportionate share of net loss of Geneos is recorded in equity in net earnings of Geneos in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company's equity method investments are reviewed for indicators of impairment at each reporting period and are written down to fair value if there is evidence of a loss in value that is other-than-temporary. Any difference between the carrying amount of the Company’s investment and the amount of underlying equity in Geneos’ net assets is amortized into income or expense accordingly. There were no basis differences identified as of the deconsolidation date that would need to be amortized. Upon deconsolidation, the Company recorded its Series A preferred stock investment at fair value based on the per share price paid by third party investors in connection with the preferred stock financing on June 1, 2020. The Company determined that its Series A preferred stock investment in Geneos does not have a readily determinable fair value and has therefore elected the measurement alternative in ASC 321 to subsequently record the investment at cost, less any impairments, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. When fair value becomes determinable, from observable price changes in orderly transactions, the Company’s investment will be marked to fair value. There have been no observable price changes or impairments identified since the deconsolidation date. In November 2020, Geneos completed the closing of a Series A-1 preferred stock financing. The Company invested $1.4 million in the Series A-1 preferred stock financing, which was led by outside investors. The closing date of this transaction was determined to be a VIE reconsideration event; based on the Company’s assessment, Geneos continued to be a VIE as it did not have sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. The Company continued to not be the primary beneficiary of Geneos, as it did not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact Geneos’s economic performance and should not consolidate Geneos. Following this transaction, the Company held approximately 36% of the outstanding equity, on an as-converted to common stock basis. Accordingly, the Company continued to account for its common stock investment in Geneos as an equity method investment under ASC 323 and its preferred stock investments as equity securities under ASC 321. The Company’s share of net losses of Geneos for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $1.5 million; however, only $434,000 was recorded, reducing the Company's total investment in Geneos to $0. Of the total amount, $819,000 has been allocated to the equity method investment, thereby reducing the balance to $0 as of March 31, 2021. The remaining $4.2 million loss has been allocated to the Company’s Series A and Series A-1 preferred stock investment in Geneos, on a ratable basis, thereby reducing the balance to $0 as of March 31, 2021. In February 2021, Geneos completed a second closing of the Series A-1 preferred stock financing, in which the Company did not participate. Following this transaction, the Company held approximately 35% of the outstanding equity, on an as-converted to common stock basis. In March 2022, Geneos completed the closing of a Series A-2 preferred stock financing. The Company invested $2.0 million in the Series A-2 preferred stock financing, which was led by outside investors. The closing date of this transaction was determined to be a VIE reconsideration event; based on the Company’s assessment, Geneos continued to be a VIE as it did not have sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. The Company continued to not be the primary beneficiary of Geneos, as it did not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact Geneos’s economic performance and should not consolidate Geneos. Following this transaction, the Company held approximately 28% of the outstanding equity, on an as-converted to common stock basis. Accordingly, the Company continued to account for its common stock investment in Geneos as an equity method investment under ASC 323 and its preferred stock investments as equity securities under ASC 321. The fair value of Geneos’s Series A-2 preferred stock was based on the per share price paid by third-party investors in connection with the closing on March 21, 2022. The Company concluded that its Series A-2 preferred stock investment is a similar financial instrument as its Series A-1 preferred stock, and therefore remeasured the carrying value of the Series A-1 preferred stock investment at the Series A-2 preferred stock price, resulting in a gain on remeasurement of $165,000. The Company recorded its current and accumulated share of net losses of Geneos of $2.2 million, which was allocated to the Series A-1 and Series A-2 preferred stock investment in Geneos, thereby reducing the balance to $0 as of March 31, 2022 as shown in the table below: Investment in Geneos Series A-2 preferred stock $ 1,999,998 Remeasurement of Geneos Series A-1 preferred stock 165,215 Share in current and accumulated net loss of Geneos for the three months ended March 31, 2022 (2,165,213) Investment in Geneos as of March 31, 2022 $ — The Company has not made any further investment in Geneos subsequent to March 31, 2022. The Company will not reduce its investment below $0 and will not record its share of further net losses of Geneos as the Company has no obligation to fund Geneos. In March 2023, Geneos completed the closing of a Series A-3 preferred stock financing, in which the Company did not participate. Following this transaction, the Company held approximately 26% of the outstanding equity of Geneos on an as-converted to common stock basis. The Company continues to exclusively license its SynCon ® immunotherapy and CELLECTRA ®

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent EventsOn July 31, 2023, the Company committed to and communicated a corporate reorganization plan, including a reduction in force of 58 employees (the “Reduction”), representing approximately 30% of its full-time employees. The Company expects to incur a one-time charge of $2.1 million in the third quarter of 2023 related to the Reduction, consisting primarily of one-time severance payments upon termination, continued benefits for a specific period of time, and outplacement services. The Company expects such costs to be the only direct expenses associated with the Reduction. The Company expects substantially all of the charges associated with the Reduction to be incurred during the quarter ending September 30, 2023, with related cash payments expected to be paid out by October 31, 2023.

Basis of Presentation, Liquid_2

Basis of Presentation, Liquidity and Risks and Uncertainties (Policies)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Inovio have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) as contained in the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") for interim financial information and with instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2023, the condensed consolidated statements of operations, the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss and the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders' equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 are unaudited, but include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) that the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations, cash flows and changes in stockholders' equity for the periods presented. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 shown herein are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023, or for any other period. These unaudited financial statements, and notes thereto, should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 1, 2023. The balance sheet at December 31, 2022 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its subsidiary. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company consolidated its wholly-owned subsidiary Inovio Asia LLC. All intercompany accounts and transactions were eliminated upon consolidation. Liquidity The Company incurred a net loss attributable to common stockholders of $35.5 million and $76.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The Company had working capital of $151.4 million and an accumulated deficit of $1.6 billion as of June 30, 2023. The Company has incurred losses in each year since its inception and expects to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future in connection with the research and preclinical and clinical development of its product candidates. The Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $194.9 million as of June 30, 2023 are sufficient to support the Company's planned operations for a period of at least 12 months from the date of issuance of these financial statements. In order to continue to fund future research and development activit ies, the Company will need to seek additional capital. This may occur through strategic alliance and licensing arrangements, grant agreements and/or future public or private debt or equity financings including At-the-Market Equity Offering Sales Agreements (“Sales Agreements”). The Company has a history of conducting debt and equity financings, including the receipt of net proceeds of $2.9 million and $83.0 million under a Sales Agreement during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and year ended December 31, 2022, respectively . However, sufficient funding may not be available in the future, or if available, may be on terms that significantly dilute or otherwise adversely affect the rights of existing stockholders. If adequate funds are not available, the Company may need to delay, reduce the scope of or put on hold one or more of its clinical and/or preclinical programs. The Company’s ability to continue its operations is dependent upon its ability to obtain additional capital in the future and achieve profitable operations. The Company expects to continue to rely on outside sources of financing to meet its capital needs and the Company may never achieve positive cash flow. These condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to the specific amounts and classifications of assets and liabilities, which might be necessary should Inovio be unable to continue as a going concern. The Company's condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future. The Company has evaluated subsequent events after the balance sheet date through the date it issued these condensed consolidated financial statements.
Collaboration Agreements and Revenue Recognition	Collaboration Agreements and Revenue Recognition The Company assesses whether its collaboration agreements are subject to Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 808: Collaborative Arrangements (“Topic 808”) based on whether they involve joint operating activities and whether both parties have active participation in the arrangement and are exposed to significant risks and rewards. To the extent that the arrangement falls within the scope of Topic 808 and the Company concludes that its collaboration partner is not a customer, the Company presents such payments as a reduction of research and development expense. If payments from the collaboration partner to the Company represent consideration from a customer, then the Company accounts for those payments within the scope of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). The Company enters into collaborative arrangements with partners that typically include payment of one or more of the following: (i) license fees; (ii) product supply services; (iii) milestone payments related to the achievement of developmental, regulatory, or commercial goals; and (iv) royalties on net sales of licensed products. Where a portion of non-refundable, upfront fees or other payments received are allocated to continuing performance obligations under the terms of a collaborative arrangement, they are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue when (or as) the underlying performance obligation is satisfied. As part of the accounting for these arrangements, the Company must develop estimates and assumptions that require judgment of management to determine the underlying stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation which determines how the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligation. The standalone selling price may include items such as forecasted revenues, development timelines, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success. The Company evaluates each performance obligation to determine if it can be satisfied at a point in time or over time. In addition, variable consideration must be evaluated to determine if it is constrained and, therefore, excluded from the transaction price. For collaboration arrangements that include license fees, the Company recognizes revenues from non-refundable, upfront fees allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the licensee and the licensee is able to use and benefit from the license. For licenses that are bundled with other promises, the Company utilizes judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue. The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition. For collaboration arrangements that include milestone payments (variable consideration), the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being reached and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. This assessment is based on the Company’s past experience with its collaboration partner, market insight and partner communication. Milestone payments that are not within the Company’s or the collaboration partner’s control, such as regulatory approvals, are generally not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability of achieving such milestones and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect license, collaboration or other revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment and could be material. For collaboration arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and for which the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company recognizes revenue in the period the underlying sales occur. To date, the Company has not recognized any royalty revenue resulting from any of its collaborative arrangements.
Research and Development Expenses - Clinical Trial Accruals	Research and Development Expenses - Clinical Trial Accruals The Company's activities have largely consisted of research and development efforts related to developing its proprietary smart device technology and DNA medicine candidates. For clinical trial expenses, judgements used in estimating accruals rely on estimates of total costs incurred based on participant enrollment, completion of studies and other events. Accrued clinical trial costs are subject to revisions as trials progress. Revisions are charged to expense in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known. Historically, revisions have not resulted in material changes to research and development expense; however a modification in the protocol of a clinical trial or cancellation of a trial could result in a charge to the Company's results of operations.

Short-term Investments and Fa_2

Short-term Investments and Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Schedule of Summary of Investments	The following is a summary of available-for-sale securities as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022: As of June 30, 2023 Contractual Cost Gross Unrealized Gross Unrealized Fair Market Value Mutual funds --- $ 65,340,680 $ — $ (5,232,358) $ 60,108,322 U.S. treasury securities Less than 1 78,144,669 321 — 78,144,990 Certificates of deposit Less than 1 2,978,235 12,695 (310) 2,990,620 U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities * 1,379,591 — (410,616) 968,975 $ 147,843,175 $ 13,016 $ (5,643,284) $ 142,212,907 As of December 31, 2022 Contractual Cost Gross Unrealized Gross Unrealized Fair Market Value Mutual funds --- $ 117,036,232 $ — $ (9,373,514) $ 107,662,718 U.S. treasury securities Less than 1 95,001,209 7,567 (44,266) 94,964,510 Certificates of deposit Less than 1 2,977,564 13,664 (320) 2,990,908 U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities * 1,435,592 — (384,331) 1,051,261 $ 216,450,597 $ 21,231 $ (9,802,431) $ 206,669,397 *No single maturity date.
Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis	The following table presents the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis, determined using the following inputs as of June 30, 2023: Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2023 Total Quoted Prices Significant Significant Short-term investments Mutual funds $ 60,108,322 $ 60,108,322 $ — $ — U.S. treasury securities 78,144,990 78,144,990 — — Certificates of deposit 2,990,620 — 2,990,620 — U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities 968,975 — 968,975 — Total short-term investments 142,212,907 138,253,312 3,959,595 — Investment in affiliated entity 2,780,526 2,780,526 — — Total assets measured at fair value $ 144,993,433 $ 141,033,838 $ 3,959,595 $ — The following table presents the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis, determined using the following inputs as of December 31, 2022: Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 Total Quoted Prices Significant Significant Short-term investments Mutual funds $ 107,662,718 $ 107,662,718 $ — $ — U.S. treasury securities 94,964,510 94,964,510 — — Certificates of deposit 2,990,908 — 2,990,908 — U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities 1,051,261 — 1,051,261 — Total short-term investments 206,669,397 202,627,228 4,042,169 — Investment in affiliated entity 2,007,142 2,007,142 — — Total assets measured at fair value $ 208,676,539 $ 204,634,370 $ 4,042,169 $ —

Certain Balance Sheet Items (Ta

Certain Balance Sheet Items (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Certain Balance Sheet Items [Abstract]
Schedule Of Prepaid Expenses And Other Current Assets	Prepaid and other current assets consisted of the following: June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Insurance recovery (a) $ — $ 30,000,000 Prepaid manufacturing expenses 143,700 1,401,028 Other prepaid expenses 3,087,182 18,729,453 $ 3,230,882 $ 50,130,481
Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities	Accounts payable and accrued expenses consisted of the following: June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Trade accounts payable $ 8,670,070 $ 19,862,487 Accrued compensation 10,001,069 12,574,921 Accrued litigation settlement (a) — 44,000,000 Other accrued expenses (b) 2,594,011 3,249,477 $ 21,265,150 $ 79,686,885 (a) In July 2022, the Company entered into a memorandum of understanding for the proposed settlement of the class action securities litigation described in this report under “Legal Proceedings.” The final judicial order for the settlement was issued in January 2023. The settlement consisted of $30.0 million in cash and $14.0 million in shares of the Company's common stock to settle all outstanding claims. As of December 31, 2022, the Company's insurance carriers had paid the cash component of the proposed settlement, which amounts were being held in escrow. The Company's insurance carriers paid $252,000 of other expenses on behalf of the Company, which amounts were offset against the insurers' cash commitment as part of the settlement. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the cash component of the settlement was released from escrow and the Company issued 9,121,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the securities class action settlement. (b) In March 2023, the Company entered into a stipulation of settlement for the proposed settlement of the shareholder derivative litigation described in this report under “Legal Proceedings.” In June 2023, the court preliminarily approved the proposed settlement. As part of the settlement, subsequent to June 30, 2023, the Company paid $1.2 million

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Summary of Intangible Assets by Major Asset Class	The following sets forth the goodwill and intangible assets by major asset class: June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Weighted Average Useful Gross Accumulated Impairment Net Book Gross Accumulated Net Book Indefinite lived: Goodwill $ 10,513,371 $ — $ 10,513,371 $ 10,513,371 $ — $ 10,513,371 Definite lived: Licenses 10 — — — — 1,323,761 (1,323,761) — Bioject(a) 12 5,100,000 (3,115,556) (1,984,444) — 5,100,000 (2,988,889) 2,111,111 Other(b) 18 4,050,000 (4,050,000) — — 4,050,000 (4,031,250) 18,750 Total intangible assets 11 9,150,000 (7,165,556) (1,984,444) — 10,473,761 (8,343,900) 2,129,861 Total goodwill and intangible assets $ 19,663,371 $ (7,165,556) $ (1,984,444) $ 10,513,371 $ 20,987,132 $ (8,343,900) $ 12,643,232 (a) Bioject intangible assets represented the estimated fair value of developed technology and intellectual property which were recorded from an asset acquisition.

Convertible Debt (Tables)

Convertible Debt (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Convertible Debt	The balance of the Notes at June 30, 2023 was as follows: Original principal amount $ 78,500,000 Principal amount converted into common shares (62,085,000) Unamortized debt issuance cost (62,329) Accrued interest 355,658 Net carrying amount $ 16,708,329
Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt	As of June 30, 2023, future minimum payments due under the Notes, representing contractual amounts due, including interest based on the fixed rate of 6.5% per annum, were as follows: 2023 533,000 2024 16,948,000 Total $ 17,481,000

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Schedule of Summary of Common and Preferred Stock Authorized, Issued and Outstanding	The following is a summary of the Company's authorized and issued common and preferred stock as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022: Outstanding as of Authorized Issued June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share 600,000,000 268,073,202 268,073,202 253,091,319 Series C Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share 1,091 1,091 9 9

Net Loss Per Share (Tables)

Net Loss Per Share (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share	The following table summarizes potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the diluted net loss per share calculation because of their anti-dilutive effect: Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 Options to purchase common stock 15,166,694 14,292,362 Service-based restricted stock units 3,665,212 2,869,680 Performance-based restricted stock units — 111,941 Convertible preferred stock 3,309 3,309 Convertible notes 3,049,980 3,049,980 Total 21,885,195 20,327,272

Stock-Based Compensation (Table

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Schedule of Weighted Average Assumptions	The weighted average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model for option grants to employees and directors are presented below: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Risk-free interest rate 3.45% 2.90% 4.05% 2.04% Expected volatility 101% 95% 100% 94% Expected life in years 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.7 Dividend yield — — — —

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases	As of June 30, 2023, the maturities of the Company's operating lease liabilities were as follows: Remainder of 2023 $ 2,098,000 2024 3,050,000 2025 3,063,000 2026 3,139,000 2027 2,526,000 Thereafter 4,223,000 Total remaining lease payments 18,099,000 Less: present value adjustment (4,046,000) Total operating lease liabilities 14,053,000 Less: current portion (2,351,000) Long-term operating lease liabilities $ 11,702,000 Weighted-average remaining lease term 5.6 years Weighted-average discount rate 8.6%

Geneos Therapeutics, Inc. (Tabl

Geneos Therapeutics, Inc. (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments	The Company recorded its current and accumulated share of net losses of Geneos of $2.2 million, which was allocated to the Series A-1 and Series A-2 preferred stock investment in Geneos, thereby reducing the balance to $0 as of March 31, 2022 as shown in the table below: Investment in Geneos Series A-2 preferred stock $ 1,999,998 Remeasurement of Geneos Series A-1 preferred stock 165,215 Share in current and accumulated net loss of Geneos for the three months ended March 31, 2022 (2,165,213) Investment in Geneos as of March 31, 2022 $ —

Basis of Presentation, Liquid_3

Basis of Presentation, Liquidity and Risks and Uncertainties (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net loss	$ 35,534,533	$ 40,649,317	$ 108,497,311	$ 79,073,719	$ 76,183,850	$ 187,571,030
Working capital	151,400,000				151,400,000
Accumulated deficit	1,564,031,634				1,564,031,634		$ 1,487,847,784
Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments	$ 194,900,000				194,900,000
Proceeds from issuance of stock					2,915,179	$ 72,521,372
Common stock | Sales Agreements
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of stock					$ 2,900,000		$ 83,000,000

Short-term Investments and Fa_3

Short-term Investments and Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Available-for-sale Securities (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Abstract]
Cost	$ 147,843,175	$ 216,450,597
Gross Unrealized Gains	13,016	21,231
Gross Unrealized Losses	(5,643,284)	(9,802,431)
Fair Market Value	142,212,907	206,669,397
Mutual funds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Abstract]
Cost	65,340,680	117,036,232
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(5,232,358)	(9,373,514)
Fair Market Value	$ 60,108,322	$ 107,662,718
U.S. treasury securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Contractual Maturity (in years)	1 year	1 year
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Abstract]
Cost	$ 78,144,669	$ 95,001,209
Gross Unrealized Gains	321	7,567
Gross Unrealized Losses	0	(44,266)
Fair Market Value	$ 78,144,990	$ 94,964,510
Certificates of deposit
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Contractual Maturity (in years)	1 year	1 year
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Abstract]
Cost	$ 2,978,235	$ 2,977,564
Gross Unrealized Gains	12,695	13,664
Gross Unrealized Losses	(310)	(320)
Fair Market Value	2,990,620	2,990,908
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Abstract]
Cost	1,379,591	1,435,592
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(410,616)	(384,331)
Fair Market Value	$ 968,975	$ 1,051,261

Short-term Investments and Fa_4

Short-term Investments and Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) position shares	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) position shares	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Realized gain on investments	$ 200	$ 1,000	$ 500	$ 21,000
Realized loss on investments	1,500,000	3,000	3,900,000	342,000
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale equity securities	$ 922,941	$ (3,967,101)	$ 4,141,156	$ (8,807,742)
Number of securities in a gross unrealized loss position | position	23		23
Number of securities in a gross unrealized loss position for more than twelve months | position	21		21
Unrealized loss			$ 5,600,000
Level 1 | Common stock
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Investment owned (in shares) | shares	597,808		597,808

Short-term Investments and Fa_5

Short-term Investments and Fair Value Measurements - Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	$ 142,212,907	$ 206,669,397
Mutual funds
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	60,108,322	107,662,718
Certificates of deposit
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	2,990,620	2,990,908
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	968,975	1,051,261
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	142,212,907	206,669,397
Investment in affiliated entity	2,780,526	2,007,142
Total assets measured at fair value	144,993,433	208,676,539
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	138,253,312	202,627,228
Investment in affiliated entity	2,780,526	2,007,142
Total assets measured at fair value	141,033,838	204,634,370
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 2)
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	3,959,595	4,042,169
Investment in affiliated entity	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value	3,959,595	4,042,169
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	0	0
Investment in affiliated entity	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Mutual funds
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	60,108,322	107,662,718
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Mutual funds | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	60,108,322	107,662,718
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Mutual funds | Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 2)
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Mutual funds | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | U.S. treasury securities
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	78,144,990	94,964,510
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | U.S. treasury securities | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	78,144,990	94,964,510
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | U.S. treasury securities | Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 2)
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | U.S. treasury securities | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Certificates of deposit
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	2,990,620	2,990,908
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Certificates of deposit | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Certificates of deposit | Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 2)
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	2,990,620	2,990,908
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Certificates of deposit | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	968,975	1,051,261
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 2)
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	968,975	1,051,261
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis
Debt securities, available for sale	$ 0	$ 0

Certain Balance Sheet Items - P

Certain Balance Sheet Items - Prepaid and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Certain Balance Sheet Items [Abstract]
Insurance recovery	$ 0	$ 30,000,000
Prepaid manufacturing expenses	143,700	1,401,028
Other prepaid expenses	3,087,182	18,729,453
Prepaid expense and other assets, current	$ 3,230,882	$ 50,130,481

Certain Balance Sheet Items - A

Certain Balance Sheet Items - Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022	Mar. 09, 2021
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses [Line Items]
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares)		268,073,202
Nonrelated Party
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses [Line Items]
Trade accounts payable	$ 19,862,487	$ 8,670,070
Accrued compensation	12,574,921	10,001,069
Accrued litigation settlement	44,000,000	0
Other accrued expenses	3,249,477	2,594,011
Total	79,686,885	$ 21,265,150
McDermid v. Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and J. Joseph Kim
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses [Line Items]
Estimate of cash settlement				$ 30,000,000	$ 30,000,000
Estimate of shares settlement				$ 14,000,000	$ 14,000,000
Amount paid to other party	$ 252,000
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares)			9,121,000

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_2

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Indefinite lived:
Goodwill, gross	$ 10,513,371		$ 10,513,371
Goodwill, net book value	10,513,371		10,513,371
Definite lived:
Intangible assets, gross	9,150,000		10,473,761
Intangible assets, accumulated amortization	(7,165,556)		(8,343,900)
Impairment	(1,984,444)	$ 0
Intangible assets, net book value	0		2,129,861
Total goodwill and intangible assets, gross	19,663,371		20,987,132
Total goodwill and intangible assets, net book value	10,513,371		12,643,232
Licenses
Definite lived:
Intangible assets, gross	0		1,323,761
Intangible assets, accumulated amortization	0		(1,323,761)
Impairment	0
Intangible assets, net book value	0		0
Bioject
Definite lived:
Intangible assets, gross	5,100,000		5,100,000
Intangible assets, accumulated amortization	(3,115,556)		(2,988,889)
Impairment	(1,984,444)
Intangible assets, net book value	0		2,111,111
Other
Definite lived:
Intangible assets, gross	4,050,000		4,050,000
Intangible assets, accumulated amortization	(4,050,000)		(4,031,250)
Impairment	0
Intangible assets, net book value	$ 0		$ 18,750
Weighted Average Useful Life (Yrs)
Definite lived:
Useful life (in years)	11 years
Weighted Average Useful Life (Yrs) | Licenses
Definite lived:
Useful life (in years)	10 years
Weighted Average Useful Life (Yrs) | Bioject
Definite lived:
Useful life (in years)	12 years
Weighted Average Useful Life (Yrs) | Other
Definite lived:
Useful life (in years)	18 years

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_3

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Aggregate amortization expense on intangible assets	$ 2,000,000	$ 131,000	$ 2,100,000	$ 257,000
Impairment of intangible assets			1,984,444	0
Impairment of intangible assets	0		$ 0
Goodwill, impairment loss		$ 0		$ 0
Bioject
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Impairment of intangible assets	$ 2,000,000

Convertible Debt - Narrative (D

Convertible Debt - Narrative (Details)		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 01, 2019 USD ($) day $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jan. 01, 2022 USD ($)	Feb. 19, 2019 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit		$ (1,564,031,634)		$ (1,564,031,634)		$ (1,487,847,784)
Additional paid-in capital		(1,733,826,392)		(1,733,826,392)		$ (1,710,656,191)
Non-cash interest expense		313,488	$ 313,488	626,976	$ 626,976
Convertible senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Original principal amount		78,500,000		78,500,000
Unamortized debt issuance cost		62,329		62,329
Accounting Standards Update 2020-06
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit							$ 1,800,000
Additional paid-in capital							3,300,000
Convertible senior notes							$ 1,500,000
Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unamortized debt issuance cost		$ 2,200,000		$ 2,200,000
Convertible Debt | Convertible senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Original principal amount	$ 78,500,000							$ 78,500,000
Stated interest rate	6.50%	6.50%		6.50%				6.50%
Proceeds from issuance of debt	$ 75,700,000
Debt instrument, convertible, conversion ratio	0.1858045
Debt instrument, convertible conversion price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.38
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold percentage of stock price trigger	130%
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold trading days | day	20
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive trading days | day	30
Debt instrument, redemption price percentage	100%
Debt instrument, unamortized discount	$ 16,300,000
Debt instrument, effective interest rate		13.10%		13.10%
Unamortized debt issuance cost		$ 592,000		$ 592,000
Non-cash interest expense		313,000	627,000	313,000	627,000
Interest expense, contractual interest		$ 267,000	$ 533,000	$ 267,000	$ 533,000

Convertible Debt - Balance of C

Convertible Debt - Balance of Convertible Bonds and Notes (Details) - Convertible senior notes	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Original principal amount	$ 78,500,000
Principal amount converted into common shares	(62,085,000)
Unamortized debt issuance cost	(62,329)
Accrued interest	355,658
Net carrying amount	$ 16,708,329

Convertible Debt - Schedule of

Convertible Debt - Schedule of Maturities (Details) - Convertible senior notes - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 01, 2019	Feb. 19, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Net carrying amount	$ 16,708,329
Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate	6.50%	6.50%	6.50%
2023	$ 533,000
2024	16,948,000
Net carrying amount	$ 17,481,000

Stockholders' Equity - Summary

Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Authorized and Issued Common and Preferred Stock (Details) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Summary of common and preferred stock authorized, issued and outstanding
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares, authorized (in shares)	600,000,000
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares)	268,073,202
Common stock, shares, outstanding (in shares)	268,073,202	253,091,319
Series C Preferred Stock
Summary of common and preferred stock authorized, issued and outstanding
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,091
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	1,091
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	9	9

Stockholders' Equity - Narrativ

Stockholders' Equity - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions		6 Months Ended
	Nov. 09, 2021	Jun. 30, 2023	May 16, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 24, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares)		268,073,202
McDermid v. Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and J. Joseph Kim
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares)				9,121,000
2016 Incentive Plan
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares of unvested restricted stock units and options outstanding (in shares)		3,545,212
Common stock, other shares, outstanding (in shares)		13,181,949
Award vesting period (in years)		3 years
Maximum contractual term (in years)		10 years
2023 Incentive Plan
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized (in shares)			14,000,000
Number of shares available for grant (in shares)		14,098,753
Number of shares of unvested restricted stock units and options outstanding (in shares)		0
Common stock, other shares, outstanding (in shares)		1,875
Award vesting period (in years)		3 years
Maximum contractual term (in years)		10 years
2022 Inducement Plan
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized (in shares)					2,000,000
Number of shares available for grant (in shares)		1,557,500
Number of shares of unvested restricted stock units and options outstanding (in shares)		120,000
Common stock, other shares, outstanding (in shares)		287,500
2007 Incentive Plan
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, other shares, outstanding (in shares)		1,695,370
Maximum contractual term (in years)		10 years
Common stock | Sales Agreement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Maximum authorized amount	$ 300
Sale of stock, sales proceeds of any common stock, percentage	3%
Aggregate number of shares issued (in shares)		5,105,152
Stock sale agreement weighted average price (in dollars per share)		$ 0.58
Aggregate proceeds		$ 2.9
Remaining authorized amount		$ 164.4

Net Loss Per Share - Schedule o

Net Loss Per Share - Schedule of Anti-Dilutive Securities (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded (in shares)	21,885,195	20,327,272	21,885,195	20,327,272
Options to purchase common stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded (in shares)	15,166,694	14,292,362	15,166,694	14,292,362
Service-based restricted stock units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded (in shares)	3,665,212	2,869,680	3,665,212	2,869,680
Performance-based restricted stock units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded (in shares)	0	111,941	0	111,941
Convertible preferred stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded (in shares)	3,309	3,309	3,309	3,309
Convertible notes
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded (in shares)	3,049,980	3,049,980	3,049,980	3,049,980

Stock-Based Compensation - Weig

Stock-Based Compensation - Weighted Average Assumptions (Details) - Stock Options - Employees and Directors	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	3.45%	2.90%	4.05%	2.04%
Expected volatility	101%	95%	100%	94%
Expected life in years	5 years 7 months 6 days	5 years 8 months 12 days	5 years 6 months	5 years 8 months 12 days
Dividend yield	0%	0%	0%	0%

Stock-Based Compensation - Narr

Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Non-cash stock-based compensation			$ 6,727,000	$ 16,047,204
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options	$ 8,700,000		$ 8,700,000
Period over which total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options will be recognized (in years)			1 year 7 months 6 days
Weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.60	$ 1.66	$ 0.94	$ 2.35
J. Joseph Kim
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Settled in cash percentage			50%
Settled in shares percentage			50%
Employees and Directors
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Non-cash stock-based compensation	$ 2,800,000	$ 8,800,000	$ 6,400,000	$ 16,000,000
Employees and Directors | Research and Development Expense
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Allocated share-based compensation expense	1,300,000	2,200,000	2,700,000	5,900,000
Employees and Directors | General and Administrative Expense
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Allocated share-based compensation expense	1,500,000	6,600,000	3,700,000	10,100,000
Non Employee
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Non-cash stock-based compensation	146,000	$ 415,000	366,000	$ 965,000
Restricted Stock Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options	$ 6,300,000		$ 6,300,000
Period over which total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options will be recognized (in years)			1 year 8 months 12 days
Weighted average grant date fair value, restricted stock units (in dollars per share)	$ 0.77	$ 2.14	$ 0.86	$ 3.12

Related Party Transactions (Det

Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2016	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue from related parties			$ 225,971	$ 784,395	$ 340,914	$ 983,469
Collaborative agreement, amended amount							$ 13,600,000
Research and development expenses			$ 23,743,970	56,464,885	$ 53,920,481	112,443,496
Plumbline Life Sciences
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Investment owned (in shares)			597,808		597,808
Non-controlling interest			18.70%		18.70%
Revenue under collaborative research and development arrangements with affiliated entities
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue from related parties			$ 0	6,000	$ 0	15,000
Director
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Expenses to reimburse		$ 3,100,000
Term		5 years
Contra-research and development expense			179,000	3,900,000	390,000	5,400,000
The Wistar Institute
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	$ 9,900,000		5,000,000		5,000,000
Awarded amount	1,200,000							$ 10,700,000
Awarded option amount	5,400,000						$ 1,600,000
Research and development expenses			510,000	$ 444,000	932,000	$ 626,000
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, current	1,200,000		1,700,000		1,700,000
Deferred grant funding, from affiliate			44,000		44,000
Prepaid balance			12,000		12,000
Plumbline Life Sciences
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	$ 59,000		$ 59,000		$ 59,000

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended
	Aug. 09, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 ft² agreement	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) ft² shares	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 shares	Jul. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 09, 2021 USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease cost		$ 856	$ 851		$ 1,700	$ 1,700
Number of agreements | agreement				2
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares) | shares		268,073,202			268,073,202
McDermid v. Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and J. Joseph Kim
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Estimate of shares settlement								$ 14,000	$ 14,000
Estimate of cash settlement								$ 30,000	$ 30,000
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares) | shares							9,121,000
Behesti v. Kim, et al. | Subsequent Event
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Damages paid	$ 1,200
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, remaining lease term		4 months 24 days			4 months 24 days
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, remaining lease term		6 years 6 months			6 years 6 months
San Diego, California
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Area leased (in square feet) | ft²					82,200
Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Area leased (in square feet) | ft²				13,500	57,360

Commitments and Contingencies_2

Commitments and Contingencies - Summary of Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Remainder of 2023	$ 2,098,000
2024	3,050,000
2025	3,063,000
2026	3,139,000
2027	2,526,000
Thereafter	4,223,000
Total remaining lease payments	18,099,000
Less: present value adjustment	(4,046,000)
Total operating lease liabilities	14,053,000
Less: current portion	(2,351,449)	$ (2,803,973)
Long-term operating lease liabilities	$ 11,702,044	$ 12,655,586
Weighted-average remaining lease term	5 years 7 months 6 days
Weighted-average discount rate	8.60%

Collaborative Agreements (Detai

Collaborative Agreements (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended								3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020	Aug. 30, 2019	Oct. 31, 2018	Apr. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Revenues									$ 225,971	$ 784,395	$ 340,914	$ 983,469
Grant funding liability									3,704,781		3,704,781			$ 2,475,031
Advaccine | Collaborative Arrangement, Product
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Upfront payment received		$ 3,000,000							1,200,000	0	$ 2,400,000	0
Additional revenue to be achieved		200,000,000
Royalty period											10 years
Annual maintenance fee											$ 1,500,000
Annual maintenance period											5 years
Agreement, number of days written notice before termination											18 months
Collaboration agreement, payment earned		$ 2,000,000
Revenues													$ 5,000,000
Advaccine | Collaborative Arrangement, Product | Revenue under collaborative research and development arrangements, including from affiliated entities
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Revenues									0	0	$ 0	0
ApolloBio | Collaborative Arrangement, Product
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Additional revenue to be achieved											$ 20,000,000
Royalty period											10 years
Agreement, number of days written notice before termination											90 days
Period from effective date for termination											1 year
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations | Collaborative Arrangement, Product
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Collaborative agreement, funding to be received				$ 6,900,000
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations | Collaborative Arrangement, Product | Lassa Fever and MERS Vaccine
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Collaborative agreement, funding to be received								$ 56,000,000
Collaborative agreement, period to receive funding for research and development								5 years
Funding received for research and development									303,000	3,200,000	$ 1,900,000	5,200,000
Deferred grant funding, from affiliate									1,500,000		1,500,000
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations | Collaborative Arrangement, Product | CELLECTRA 3PSP Proprietary Smart Device
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Collaborative agreement, funding to be received				5,000,000
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations | Collaborative Arrangement, Product | INO-4800
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Collaborative agreement, funding to be received				$ 1,300,000	$ 9,000,000
Funding received for research and development									135,000	243,000	188,000	754,000
Grant funding liability									2,200,000		2,200,000
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation | Collaborative Arrangement, Product | DNA-Encoded Monoclonal Antibody Technology
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Funding received for research and development						$ 1,100,000	$ 2,200,000		12,000	6,000	70,000	86,000
Grant funding liability									86,000		86,000
Department of Defence | Collaborative Arrangement, Product
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Contra-research and development expense									0	2,900,000	0	6,100,000
Department of Defence | Collaborative Arrangement, Product | CELLECTRA 3PSP Proprietary Smart Device
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Funding received for research and development			$ 54,500,000
Department of Defence | Collaborative Arrangement, Product | CELLECTRA 2000 Device
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Revenues									$ 0	$ 625,000	$ 0	$ 625,000
Purchase price, procurement contract	$ 10,700,000		$ 16,800,000

Geneos Therapeutics, Inc. - Nar

Geneos Therapeutics, Inc. - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)

1 Months Ended

3 Months Ended

6 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Jun. 01, 2020

Mar. 31, 2022

Nov. 30, 2020

Jun. 30, 2023

Jun. 30, 2022

Mar. 31, 2021

Jun. 30, 2023

Jun. 30, 2022

Dec. 31, 2019

Mar. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Feb. 28, 2021

Jun. 30, 2020

Jan. 31, 2020

Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]

Payments to acquire additional interest in subsidiaries

$ 0

$ 1,999,998

Share of net loss in Geneos

$ 0

$ 0

$ 0

$ 2,165,213

Geneos Therapeutics, Inc.

Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]

Ownership percentage

47%

Series A-2 One Preferred Stock

Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]

Remeasurement of Geneos Series A-1 preferred stock

$ 165,215

Share of net loss in Geneos

2,165,213

Investment in equity method investments

$ 0

$ 1,999,998

Geneos Therapeutics, Inc.

Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]

Noncontrolling interest, ownership percentage by parent

28%

36%

61%

26%

35%

52%

Geneos Therapeutics, Inc.

Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]

Payments to acquire additional interest in subsidiaries

$ 1,400,000

$ 1,200,000

Stock purchase agreement, commitment of additional investment

$ 800,000

$ 800,000

Gain on deconsolidation of investment

$ 4,100,000

Remeasurement of Geneos Series A-1 preferred stock

$ 2,400,000

Loss from equity method investment, recorded and allocated to investment

$ 1,500,000

Share of net loss in Geneos

434,000

Investment in equity method investments

0

Geneos Therapeutics, Inc. | Series A One Preferred Stock

Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]

Share of net loss in Geneos

819,000

Geneos Therapeutics, Inc. | Common stock

Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]

Investment in equity method investments

0

Geneos Therapeutics, Inc. | Preferred stock

Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]

Payments to acquire additional interest in subsidiaries

$ 2,000,000

Share of net loss in Geneos

4,200,000

Investment in equity method investments

$ 0

Geneos Therapeutics, Inc. - Pre

Geneos Therapeutics, Inc. - Preferred stock Investment (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Share in current and accumulated net loss of Geneos for the three months ended March 31, 2022		$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ (2,165,213)
Series A-2 One Preferred Stock
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Beginning balance			$ 0	$ 1,999,998
Remeasurement of Geneos Series A-1 preferred stock	$ 165,215
Share in current and accumulated net loss of Geneos for the three months ended March 31, 2022	(2,165,213)
Ending balance	$ 0

Subsequent Events (Details)

Subsequent Events (Details) $ in Millions	Jul. 31, 2023 employee	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Forecast
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Expected cost | $		$ 2.1
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Overall headcount reduced employees | employee	58
Full-time employees terminated percentage	30%