UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2001
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ________to _________
Commission file number 000-29175
AVANEX CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)
| Delaware | 94-3285348 |
| (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
40919 Encyclopedia Circle
Fremont, California 94538
(Address of Principal Executive Offices including Zip Code)
(510) 897-4188
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES [X] No [ ]
There were 65,043,817 shares of the Company's Common Stock, par value $.001 per share, outstanding on May 1, 2001.
AVANEX CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited):
- Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2001 and June 30, 2000
- Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months ended March 31, 2001 and 2000
- Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three and Nine Months ended March 31, 2001 and 2000
- Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Risk Factors
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risks
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1: Legal Proceedings
Item 2: Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds
Item 6: Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K
SIGNATURES
EXHIBIT INDEX
Part I -- FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AVANEX CORPORATION
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands)
March 31, June 30,
2001 2000
------------ ------------
(unaudited) (note 1)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents........................... $105,466 $90,964
Short-term investments.............................. 108,332 93,357
Accounts receivable, net............................ 28,559 9,942
Inventories......................................... 22,474 8,266
Other current assets................................ 2,269 1,922
------------ ------------
Total current assets.............................. 267,100 204,451
Property and equipment, net........................... 41,417 14,990
Intangible assets..................................... 45,343 --
Long-term investments................................. 13,227 56,943
Other assets.......................................... 520 1,757
------------ ------------
Total assets.................................. $367,607 $278,141
============ ============
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings............................... $10,201 $1,525
Accounts payable.................................... 18,793 7,668
Accrued compensation and related expenses........... 6,355 2,999
Accrued warranty.................................... 5,293 1,941
Non-cancelable purchase obligations ................ 10,215 --
Other accrued expenses.............................. 6,815 2,045
Deferred revenue.................................... 6,035 1,953
Current portion of capital lease obligations........ 2,808 786
------------ ------------
Total current liabilities......................... 66,515 18,917
Capital lease obligations............................. 15,497 2,067
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity :
Common stock........................................ 65 64
Additional paid-in capital.......................... 493,280 385,198
Notes receivable from stockholders.................. (2,048) (5,173)
Deferred compensation............................... (45,916) (36,146)
Accumulated deficit................................. (159,786) (86,786)
------------ ------------
Total stockholders' equity........................ 285,595 257,157
------------ ------------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity.... $367,607 $278,141
============ ============
See accompanying notes.
AVANEX CORPORATION
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
March 31, March 31,
------------------------- -------------------------
2001 2000 2001 2000
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Net revenue............................. $30,311 $10,505 $113,026 $21,421
Cost of revenue......................... 39,775 6,781 84,335 14,975
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Gross profit (loss)..................... (9,464) 3,724 28,691 6,446
Operating expenses:
Research and development.............. 11,064 5,018 29,932 8,006
Sales and marketing................... 4,083 2,054 12,806 3,730
General and administrative............ 3,275 1,482 9,990 3,611
Stock compensation.................... 10,563 8,585 44,495 24,282
In-process research and development... -- -- 4,700 --
Amortization of intangibles........... 2,619 -- 7,036 --
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Total operating expenses............ 31,604 17,139 108,959 39,629
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Loss from operations.................... (41,068) (13,415) (80,268) (33,183)
Other income, net....................... 3,553 1,950 10,477 1,924
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Loss before income taxes................ (37,515) (11,465) (69,791) (31,259)
Income tax provision (benefit).......... (1,101) -- 3,209 --
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Net loss................................ (36,414) (11,465) (73,000) (31,259)
Stock accretion......................... -- (17,692) -- (37,743)
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Net loss attributable to
common stockholders................... ($36,414) ($29,157) ($73,000) ($69,002)
============ ============ ============ ============
Basic and diluted net loss
per common share...................... ($0.62) ($0.85) ($1.28) ($4.45)
============ ============ ============ ============
Weighted-average shares
used in computing basic
and diluted net loss per
common share.......................... 58,607 34,129 56,849 15,503
============ ============ ============ ============
See accompanying notes.
AVANEX CORPORATION
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended
March 31,
--------------------------
2001 2000
------------ ------------
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss..................................................... ($73,000) ($31,259)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in
operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization.............................. 8,646 1,435
Provision for excess inventory............................. 11,375 --
Non-cancelable purchase obligations........................ 10,215 --
Non-cash charges, primarily stock compensation expense..... 44,495 24,400
Amortization of intangibles................................ 7,036 --
Acquired in-process research and development............... 4,700 --
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable...................................... (18,617) (3,762)
Inventories.............................................. (25,583) (5,245)
Other current assets..................................... (347) (3,012)
Other assets............................................. 1,237 (1,564)
Accounts payable......................................... 11,125 4,060
Accrued compensation and related expenses................ 3,356 1,400
Other accured expenses and deferred revenue.............. 12,204 3,140
------------ ------------
Net cash used in operating activities.................. (3,158) (10,407)
------------ ------------
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Maturities (purchases) of short-term and long-term investment 28,741 (239,977)
Acquisition of business...................................... (3,077) --
Purchases of property and equipment.......................... (22,224) (8,985)
------------ ------------
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities... 3,440 (248,962)
------------ ------------
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Payments on debt and capital lease obligations............... (2,853) (1,622)
Payments on debt assumed in the acquisition.................. (1,607) --
Proceeds from short-term and long-term debt.................. 14,075 3,646
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of repurchases... 3,665 240,346
Proceeds from payment on stockholders' notes receivable...... 940 --
Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock................ -- 20,027
------------ ------------
Net cash provided by financing activities.............. 14,220 262,397
------------ ------------
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents.................... 14,502 3,028
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period............. 90,964 1,756
------------ ------------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period................... $105,466 $4,784
============ ============
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NONCASH TRANSACTIONS
Equipment acquired under capital leases...................... $12,905 $1,216
============ ============
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock ............... -- $30,408
============ ============
Common stock issued for notes receivable..................... -- $4,881
============ ============
Stock accretion.............................................. -- $37,743
============ ============
Warrants issued in connection with securing a line
of credit.................................................. -- $118
============ ============
See accompanying notes.
AVANEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
1. Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2001, and for the three months and nine months ended March 31, 2001 and 2000, have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial statements and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and include the accounts of Avanex Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively "Avanex" or the "Company"). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position at March 31, 2001 and the operating results and cash flows for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2001 and 2000. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited financial statements and notes for the year ended June 30, 2000.
The results of operations for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2001 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full fiscal year ending June 30, 2001. The balance sheet at June 30, 2000 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not include all the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements.
The Company maintains its financial records on the basis of a fiscal year ending on June 30, with fiscal quarters ending on the Friday closest to the end of the period (thirteen-week periods). For ease of reference, all references to period end dates have been presented as though the period ended on the last day of the calendar month. The third quarter of fiscal 2001 and 2000 ended on March 30, 2001 and March 31, 2000 respectively.
2. Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (determined on a first-in, first-out basis) or market. Inventories consisted of (in thousands):
March 31, June 30,
2001 2000
------------ ------------
Raw materials.................................. $7,730 $2,815
Work-in-process................................ 9,637 4,676
Finished goods................................. 5,107 775
------------ ------------
$22,474 $8,266
============ ============
Provisions to reduce the carrying value of obsolete, slow moving and non-usable inventory to net realizable value are charged to cost of revenues.
At March 31, 2001, the Company had non-cancelable inventory purchase obligations totaling $10.2 million.
3. Net Loss per Common Share
Basic and diluted net loss per common share is presented in conformity with the Financial Accounting Standards Board's (FASB's) Statement No. 128, "Earnings Per Share" (FAS 128). In accordance with FAS 128, basic and diluted net loss per common share has been computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period less the weighted-average number of shares of common stock that are subject to repurchase. All redeemable convertible preferred stock, warrants for common stock, outstanding stock options and shares subject to repurchase have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per common share, as their inclusion would be antidilutive for all periods presented.
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
March 31, March 31,
------------------------- -------------------------
2001 2000 2001 2000
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Net loss attributable to
common stockholders................... ($36,414) ($29,157) ($73,000) ($69,002)
============ ============ ============ ============
Basic and diluted:
Weighted-average shares
of common stock
outstanding......................... 65,595 47,384 65,188 28,523
Less: weighted-average
shares subject to
repurchase.......................... (6,988) (13,255) (8,339) (13,020)
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Weighted-average shares
used in computing basic
and diluted net loss
per common share....................... 58,607 34,129 56,849 15,503
============ ============ ============ ============
Basic and diluted net
loss per common
share.................................. ($0.62) ($0.85) ($1.28) ($4.45)
============ ============ ============ ============
4. Income Tax Expense
The Company recorded a tax provision of $ 3.2 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2001, compared to no provision in the same period of the prior year. The income tax expense was computed using a 40% effective tax rate estimated to be applicable for the fiscal year, which is subject to ongoing review and evaluation by management. The tax provision recorded differs from the tax provision (benefit) that otherwise would be calculated by applying the federal statutory rate to net income (loss) before income taxes primarily because of non-deductible charges related to the inventory provision, the provision for non-cancelable purchase obligations, the Holographix acquisition and stock compensation expenses.
5. Goodwill and other intangible assets
Goodwill and other intangible assets result from acquisitions accounted for under the purchase method. Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles is provided on the straight-line basis over the respective estimated useful lives of the assets. At March 31, 2001, goodwill and other intangibles assets were being amortized over periods ranging from three to five years. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 121, "Accounting for Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of" ("FAS 121"), the Company periodically evaluates whether changes have occurred that would require revision of the remaining estimated useful life of the assigned intangible assets or render the intangibles not recoverable. If such circumstances arise, the Company uses an estimate of the undiscounted value of expected future operating cash flows to determine whether the intangible assets are impaired. At March 31, 2001 no revision was made in the life of the intangibles and no provision for impairment was recorded.
6. Segment Information
The Company's chief operating decision maker is considered to be the Company's Chief Executive Officer (CEO). The CEO reviews the Company's financial information presented on a consolidated basis substantially similar to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Therefore, the Company has concluded that it operates in one segment, to manufacture and market photonic processors, and accordingly has provided only the required enterprise wide disclosures.
7. Acquisition of Holographix
On July 25, 2000, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets and liabilities of Holographix, Inc. ("Holographix"), a developer and manufacturer of holographic diffraction gratings. The transaction was accounted for as a purchase and accordingly, the accompanying financial statements include the results of operations of Holographix subsequent to the acquisition date. The total purchase price of $99.1 million included consideration of 501,880 shares of Avanex common stock, the issuance of 710,047 Avanex stock options in exchange for Holographix options and estimated direct transaction costs.
The total estimated purchase cost of Holographix is as follows (in thousands):
Value of securities issued .................... $40,287
Assumption of Holographix options.............. 55,783
------------
96,070
Estimated transaction costs and expenses....... 3,077
------------
$99,147
============
The preliminary purchase price allocation is as follows (in thousands):
Amount
------------
Purchase Price Allocation:
Tangible net assets (liabilities)........ ($1,509)
Intangible assets acquired:
Developed technology, holographix systems 2,400
Assembled workforce...................... 300
In-process research and development...... 4,700
Deferred compensation expense............ 43,578
Goodwill................................. 49,678
------------
Total estimated purchase price allocation... $99,147
============
Tangible net assets acquired includes cash, accounts receivable, inventories and property and equipment. Liabilities assumed principally include accounts payable, notes payable, accrued compensation and accrued expenses. A portion of the purchase price has been allocated to developed technology and acquired in-process research and development ("IPRD"). Developed technology and IPRD were identified and valued through extensive interviews, analysis of data provided by Holographix concerning developmental products, their stage of development, the time and resources needed to complete them, if applicable, their expected income generating ability, target markets and associated risks. The income approach, which includes an analysis of the markets, cash flows and risks associated with achieving such cash flows, was the primary technique utilized in valuing the developed technology and IPRD.
Where developmental projects had reached technological feasibility, they were classified as developed technology, and the value assigned to developed technology was capitalized. Where the developmental projects had not reached technological feasibility and had no future alternative uses, they were classified as IPRD and charged to expense upon closing of the merger. The Company estimated that a total investment of $2.7 million in research and development over the 18 months following the acquisition would be required to complete the IPRD. We have spent over $1.0 million in the nine month period ended March 31, 2001 on these projects. The nature of the efforts required to develop the purchased IPRD into commercially viable products principally relate to the completion of all planning, designing, prototyping, verification and testing activities that are necessary to establish that the products can be produced to meet their design specifications, including functions, features and technical performance requirements.
In valuing the IPRD, the Company considered, among other factors, the importance of each project to the overall development plan, projected incremental cash flows from the projects when completed and any associated risks. The projected incremental cash flows were discounted back to their present value using a discount rate of 25%. The discount rate was determined after consideration of the Company's weighted average cost of capital and the weighted average return on assets. Associated risks include the inherent difficulties and uncertainties in completing each project and thereby achieving technological feasibility, anticipated levels of market acceptance and penetration, market growth rates and risks related to the impact of potential changes in future target markets.
The acquired existing technology, which is comprised of products that are already technologically feasible, mainly includes holographic based laser scanning systems and the recording of custom holographic master gratings. Avanex is amortizing the acquired existing technology of approximately $2.4 million on a straight-line basis over an average estimated remaining useful life of 3 to 5 years.
The acquired assembled workforce is comprised of 9 skilled employees. Avanex is amortizing the value assigned to the assembled workforce of approximately $300,000 on a straight-line basis over an estimated remaining useful life of 3 years.
Deferred compensation is recognized for the intrinsic value of the unvested Avanex options granted to Holographix employees. The $43.6 million of deferred compensation will be amortized over the remaining vesting period, of approximately 4 years.
Goodwill, which represents the excess of the purchase price of an investment in an acquired business over the fair value of the underlying net identifiable assets and deferred compensation, is being amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated remaining useful life of 5 years.
The following unaudited pro forma summary presents the consolidated results of operations of the Company, excluding the charge for acquired in-process research and development, as if the acquisition of Holographix had occurred at the beginning of fiscal 2000 and does not purport to be indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition been made as of the beginning of fiscal 2000 or of results which may occur in the future. The pro forma 2000 results of operations combines the consolidated results of operations of the Company and Holographix, excluding the charge for acquired in-process research and development attributable to Holographix, for the nine months ended March 31, 2000.
(in thousands, except per share data)
Nine Months Ended
March 31,
----------------------------
2001 2000
------------ ------------
Net Revenue.................................... $113,041 $22,396
Net loss attributable to common stockholders... (74,805) (81,460)
Loss per share................................. (1.32) (5.09)
8. Effect of New Accounting Statements
In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements" ("SAB 101"). The bulletin summarizes some of the commission's views in applying accounting principles generally accepted in the United States to revenue recognition in financial statements. Due to the complex nature of the implementation of SAB 101, the SEC has deferred the implementation of SAB 101 which, for the Company, will be effective in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2001 with retroactive application to the beginning of the fiscal year. Although the Company has not fully assessed the impact, the Company believes the adoption of SAB 101 will not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
9. Subsequent Event
In April 2001, the Company announced measures to restructure the Company to better align expenses with revenue expectations. The Company has reduced its workforce by approximately 428 employees, which includes temporary employees, and it has booked a provision for excess facilities and assets. As a result, the Company expects to incur a restructuring charge of $18 to $24 million by the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2001.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This quarterly report contains certain forward-looking statements (as such term is defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) and information relating to the Company that are based on the beliefs of the management of the Company as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to the management of the Company. For example, the following statements are forward-looking (i) the Company's expected restructuring charge for the quarter ended June 30, 2001, (ii) our future product mix, and (iii) other statements that are not based on historical facts, which can be identified by the use of such words as "likely," "will," "suggests," "target," "may," "would," "could," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "plan," "predict," and similar expressions and their variants. Such statements reflect the judgment of the Company as of the date of this quarterly report and they involve many risks and uncertainties, such as those described below and those contained in "Risk Factors." These factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those predicted in any forward-looking statements and they include any accounting adjustments made during the close of the Company's quarter, general economic conditions, the pace of spending and the timing of economic recovery in the telecommunications industry (particularly the optical networks industry), the Company's inability to sufficiently anticipate market needs and develop products and product enhancements that achieve market acceptance, higher than anticipated expenses the Company may incur, or the inability to identify expenses which can be eliminated. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of these forward-looking statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to update forward looking statements.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in Item 1 in this quarterly report and our audited financial statements and notes for the year ended June 30, 2000.
OVERVIEW
We design, manufacture and market fiber optic-based products, known as photonic processors, which are designed to increase the performance of optical networks. We sell our products to communication service providers and optical system manufacturers. We were founded in October 1997, and began making volume shipments of our products during the quarter ended September 30, 1999.
The market for photonic processors is new and evolving and the volume and timing of orders are difficult to predict. A customer's decision to purchase our products typically involves a commitment of its resources and a lengthy evaluation and product qualification process. This initial evaluation and product qualification process typically takes several months and includes technical evaluation, integration, testing, planning and implementation into the equipment design. Long sales and implementation cycles for our products, as well as the practice of customers in the communications industry to sporadically place large orders with short lead times, may cause our revenues, gross margins and operating results to vary significantly and unexpectedly from quarter to quarter.
We, like many of our peers in the communications equipment industry, have been affected by the slowdown in telecommunications equipment spending. Our revenues decreased from $47.9 million in the quarter ended December 31, 2000 to $30.3 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2001. Due to the continued weakness in the general economy, and the telecom sector in particular, year-over-year revenue growth is expected to weaken compared to prior years, putting downward pressure on margins and profits. We are focusing our efforts on reducing expenses and taking actions to reduce costs. See note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. Based on our intent to implement additional actions to reduce costs in fiscal 2001, we are expecting to record restructuring charges in the fourth quarter in an amount between $18 and $24 million.
Our operating results may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter due to several factors. Our expense levels are based in part on our management's expectations of future revenues. Although management has and will continue to take measures to adjust expense levels, if revenue levels in a particular period fluctuate, operating results may be affected adversely.
Results of Operations
NET REVENUE
Net revenue for the quarter ended March 31, 2001 was $30.3 million, compared to $10.5 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2000. In the quarter ended March 31, 2001, we had three customers that each accounted for greater than 10% of net revenue, compared to one customer that accounted for greater than 10% of net revenue in the quarter ended March 31, 2000. Net revenues for the nine- month period ended March 31, 2001 were $113.0 million, compared with $21.4 million for the same nine-month period of fiscal 2000. The increases in net revenue for both the three-month period and the nine-month period in 2001 as compared to the comparable 2000 periods were primarily due to the increased demand for our products, as well as our ability to increase our production and shipments to meet the increased demand.
We currently derive our revenue primarily from the sale of three products, PowerFilter, PowerMux and PowerExchanger. To date, we have generated most of our revenues from sales of PowerFilter; however, for the quarter ended March 31, 2001, we generated the majority of our revenue from PowerMux.
COST OF REVENUE
Cost of revenue for the quarter ended March 31, 2001 was $39.8, compared to $6.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2000. Cost of revenue was in excess of revenue in the quarter ended March 31, 2001 due to a $21.6 million inventory provision. The provision was required due to an unexpected drop in current and future customer demand. $11.4 million of the provision relates to excess inventory on-hand and $10.2 million of the reserve relates to excess inventory that will result from non-cancelable purchase obligations. We do not expect to use the inventory that was reserved in the next 9 to 12 months. Cost of revenues for the nine-month period ended March 31, 2001 were $84.3 million, compared with $15.0 million for the same nine-month period of fiscal 2000. The increase in cost of revenue is primarily related to the increase in net revenue, as well as the inventory provision, headcount increases in our manufacturing overhead and quality organizations, warranty and other period costs. Our gross margin percentage decreased from the prior nine-month period from 30.0% to 25.4%, primarily due to the inventory provision. Our gross margins are and will be primarily affected by changes in manufacturing volume, mix of products sold, changes in our pricing policies and those of our competitors, and mix of sales channels through which our products are sold. We expect cost of revenue, as a percentage of net revenue, to fluctuate from period to period.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES
Research and development expenses were $11.1 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2001, an increase of $6.1 million over the comparable quarter of fiscal 2000, and were $29.9 million in the nine months ended March 31, 2001, an increase of $21.9 million over the comparable period of 2000. The increase in both the three-month and nine-month periods ended March 31, 2001 as compared to the comparable fiscal 2000 periods was primarily attributable to increases in the number of research and development personnel and related costs, pilot run expense for our new products and cost of other development projects. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related personnel costs, fees paid to consultants and outside service providers, non-recurring engineering charges and prototype costs related to the design, development, testing, pre-manufacturing and enhancement of our products. We expense our research and development costs as they are incurred. We believe that research and development is critical to our strategic product development objectives. We further believe that, in order to meet the changing requirements of our customers, we will need to fund investments in several development projects in parallel.
SALES AND MARKETING EXPENSES
Sales and marketing expenses were $4.1 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2001, an increase of $2.0 million over the comparable quarter of fiscal 2000, and were $12.8 million in the nine months ended March 31, 2001, an increase of $9.1 million over the comparable period of 2000. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in personnel expenses for sales and marketing staff, increased expenses related to customer support, increased sales commissions associated with higher net revenue and increased promotional and product marketing expenses.
GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
General and administrative expenses totaled $3.3 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2001, an increase of $1.8 million over the comparable quarter of fiscal 2000, and were $10.0 million in the nine months ended March 31, 2001, an increase of $6.4 million over the comparable period of 2000. The increase was primarily attributable to increased staffing for finance, management information systems, and human resources, and growth in recruiting and facility related expenses.
STOCK COMPENSATION
Stock compensation expense totaled $10.6 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2001, an increase of $2.0 million over the comparable quarter of fiscal 2000, and were $44.5 million in the nine months ended March 31, 2001, an increase of $20.2 million over the comparable period of 2000. From inception through March 31, 2001, we have expensed a total of $79.7 million of stock compensation, leaving an unamortized balance of $45.9million on our March 31, 2001 unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. This increase was partially due to the granting of stock options and stock purchase rights to additional employees and consultants. Additionally, the increase was due to amortization of deferred stock compensation recognized for the intrinsic value of the unvested Avanex options granted to Holographix employees. The deferred stock compensation was recorded upon the closing of the acquisition and is amortized over the remaining vesting period of the unvested options.
ACQUIRED IN-PROCESS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
For the nine-months ended March 31, 2001, the Company recorded $4.7 million of acquired in-process research and development resulting from the acquisition of Holographix. See Note 7 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. This amount was expensed on the acquisition date because the acquired technology had not yet reached technological feasibility and had no future alternative uses. There can be no assurance that acquisitions of businesses, products or technologies by us in the future will not result in substantial charges for acquired in-process research and development that may cause fluctuations in our quarterly or annual operating results.
A portion of the purchase price has been allocated to developed technology and acquired in-process research and development ("IPRD"). Developed technology and IPRD were identified and valued through extensive interviews, analysis of data provided by Holographix concerning developmental products, their stage of development, the time and resources needed to complete them, if applicable, their expected income generating ability, target markets and associated risks. The income approach, which includes an analysis of the markets, cash flows and risks associated with achieving such cash flows, was the primary technique utilized in valuing the developed technology and IPRD.
Where developmental projects had reached technological feasibility, they were classified as developed technology, and the value assigned to developed technology was capitalized. Where the developmental projects had not reached technological feasibility and had no future alternative uses, they were classified as IPRD and charged to expense upon closing of the merger. The Company estimated that a total investment of $2.7 million in research and development over the 18 months, from the date of acquisition, would be required to complete the IPRD. To date, we have spent over $1.0 million. The nature of the efforts required to develop the purchased IPRD into commercially viable products principally relate to the completion of all planning, designing, prototyping, verification and testing activities that are necessary to establish that the products can be produced to meet their design specifications, including functions, features and technical performance requirements.
In valuing the IPRD, the Company considered, among other factors, the importance of each project to the overall development plan, projected incremental cash flows from the projects when completed and any associated risks. The projected incremental cash flows were discounted back to their present value using a discount rate of 25%. The discount rate was determined after consideration of the Company's weighted average cost of capital and the weighted average return on assets. Associated risks include the inherent difficulties and uncertainties in completing each project and thereby achieving technological feasibility, anticipated levels of market acceptance and penetration, market growth rates and risks related to the impact of potential changes in future target markets.
AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLES
For the quarter ended and the nine-months ended March 31, 2001, amortization of intangibles was $2.6 million and $7.0 million, respectively. This expense is due to the amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets recorded in connection with our acquisition of Holographix, which was accounted for as purchase, and closed on July 25, 2000. The assets are being amortized over their estimated remaining useful life of 5 years.
Our amortization of intangibles will continue to generate net losses for the foreseeable future. Amortization of intangibles could change because of other acquisitions or impairment of existing identified intangible assets and goodwill in future periods.
OTHER INCOME, NET
Other income, net consists primarily of interest on our cash investments offset somewhat by interest expense related to our financing obligations. Other income, net was $3.6 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2001 and $2.0 million in the comparable quarter in fiscal 2000, and was $10.5 million in the nine months ended March 31, 2001, and $1.9 million for the comparable period of 2000. The increase inother income, net was attributable primarily to the net proceeds from the issuance of common stock principally through our initial public offering, which was partially offset by interest charges on additional capital lease obligations and bank debt.
STOCK ACCRETION
Stock accretion decreased to zero for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2001, from $17.7 million and $37.7 million for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2000. Of the charges incurred in fiscal 2000, $20.0 million was recorded in connection with the issuance, in September and October 1999, of 5,230,645 shares of Series D preferred stock at $3.83 per share in order to accrete the value of the preferred stock to its deemed fair value. A $17.7 million charge was incurred in February 2000, in connection with the sale of 769,230 shares of common stock to Microsoft Corporation and MCI WorldCom Venture Fund, an affiliate of MCI WorldCom, Inc., for $13.00 per share. The charge is equal to the difference between the actual price of stock sold in the initial public offering and $13, multiplied by the number of shares issued.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Prior to our initial public offering, we financed our operations primarily through private sales of approximately $30.4 million for convertible preferred stock. We have also financed our operations through bank borrowings as well as through equipment lease financing. In February 2000, we received net proceeds of approximately $238 million from the initial public offering of our common stock and a concurrent sale of stock to corporate investors.
As of March 31, 2001, we had cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of $213.8 million and long-term investment holdings of $13.2 million.
Cash used in operating activities was $3.2 million in the nine months ended March 31, 2001, compared to $10.4 million of cash used in operating activities for the comparative period of fiscal 2000. Our use of cash in operations was primarily the result of our operating loss and increases in accounts receivable and inventory. Offsetting this use of cash was our increase in accounts payable, and increases in other accrued expenses and deferred revenue. Our use of cash was partially offset by non-cash charges related to the provision for excess inventory, non-cancelable purchase obligations, depreciation and amortization, stock compensation expense, amortization of intangibles, and in-process research and development.
Cash generated by investing activities was $3.4 million in the nine months ended March 31, 2001, primarily from the maturity of investment securities, net of purchases. Offsetting this was $3.1 million of cash used for the acquisition of Holographix and $22.2 million used for investments in production equipment, research and development equipment, computers and facilities. Net cash used in investing activities was $249.0 million for the comparable period of fiscal 2000, principally for the net purchase activity of short and long term investments and the acquisition of property and equipment.
Net cash generated from financing activities was $14.2 million in the nine months ended March 31, 2001, primarily from the proceeds from short and long term debt and from the proceeds from the issuance of common stock. Offsetting the cash proceeds were payments on debt and capital lease obligations and payments of debt acquired in the Holographix acquisition. Net cash provided by financing activities was $262.4 million in the comparable period of fiscal 2000, primarily from the proceeds from the initial public offering that closed in February 2000, sales of common stock to Microsoft Corporation and MCI WorldCom Venture Fund, sales of redeemable, convertible preferred stock, and borrowings under revolving lines of credit.
We financed capital purchases through cash, leases or equipment credit lines. We had capitalized lease obligations outstanding of $18.3 million at March 31, 2001 and $3.0 million at March 31, 2000. In July 2000, the Company secured a revolving line of credit from a financial institution, which allows maximum borrowings up to $10 million. In February 2001, the line was increased to $20 million. The revolving credit agreement terminates July 10, 2001, at which time all outstanding principal and interest are due. The line bears interest at the prime rate.
In connection with our expansion into a new manufacturing facility adjacent to our headquarters in Fremont, California we have spent approximately $28.5 million for equipment and leasehold improvements, beginning in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2000, through the quarter ended March 31, 2001. We moved our main production into this building in July 2000.
Our capital requirements depend on market acceptance of our products, the timing and extent of new product introductions and delivery, and the need for us to develop, market, sell and support our products on a worldwide basis. From time to time, we may also consider the acquisition of, or evaluate investments in, products and businesses complementary to our business. Any acquisition or investment may require additional capital. Although we believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investment balance will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months, we cannot assure you that we will not seek additional funds through public or private equity or debt financing or from other sources within this time frame or that additional funding, if needed, will be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.
On July 25, 2000, the Company completed its acquisition of Holographix, in a transaction accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. The Company issued 501,880 Avanex common shares and 710,047 Avanex stock options for substantially all of the assets and liabilities of Holographix as of July 25, 2000. The total estimated purchase cost of Holographix is as follows (in thousands):
Value of securities issued .................... $40,287
Assumption of Holographix options.............. 55,783
------------
96,070
Estimated transaction costs and expenses....... 3,077
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$99,147
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We recorded a non-cash charge for acquired in-process research and development in the quarter ended March 31, 2001 estimated at $4.7 million.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements" ("SAB 101"). This summarizes some of the commission's views in applying generally accepted accounting principles to revenue recognition in financial statements. Due to the complex nature of the implementation of SAB 101, the SEC has deferred the implementation. SAB 101 will be effective in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2001 with retroactive application to the beginning of the fiscal year. Although we have not fully assessed the impact, we currently believe that our current revenue recognition principles comply with the SAB 101.
Risk Factors
UNLESS WE GENERATE SIGNIFICANT REVENUE GROWTH, OUR EXPENSES AND NEGATIVE CASH FLOW WILL SIGNIFICANTLY HARM OUR FINANCIAL POSITION.
Although we were profitable on a pro forma basis (excluding the impact of the in-process research and development write-off, amortization of deferred stock compensation, amortization of intangibles, and stock accretion) for the quarters ended September 30, 2000 and December 31, 2000, we were not profitable on a pro forma basis for the quarter ended March 31, 2001. In addition, we have never been profitable on the basis of generally accepted accounting principals ("GAAP"). On a GAAP basis, as of March 31, 2001, we had an accumulated deficit of $159.8 million. We may incur operating losses for the foreseeable future, and these losses may be substantial. Further, for the quarter ended March 31, 2001, we had negative operating cash flow and for future quarters, we may continue to incur negative operating cash flow.
On a GAAP basis, we have experienced operating losses in each quarterly and annual period since inception. The following table shows our operating losses for the periods indicated:
| PERIOD | OPERATING LOSS |
| Nine months ended March 31, 2001 | $(80,268,000) |
| Fiscal year ended June 30, 2000 | $(44,356,000) |
| Fiscal year ended June 30, 1999 | $(9,250,000) |
| From October 24, 1997 (inception) to June 30, 1998 | $(1,133,000) |
Due to insufficient cash generated from operations, we have funded our operations primarily through the sale of equity securities, bank borrowings and equipment lease financings. Although we began implementation of a cost containment program during the quarter ended March 31, 2001, we still have a large amount of fixed expenses, and we expect to continue to incur significant manufacturing, sales and marketing, product development and administrative expenses. As a result, we will need to generate higher revenues while containing costs and operating expenses if we are to achieve profitability on a GAAP or proforma basis . Although our net revenue has grown from $10.5 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2000 to $30.3 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2001, our revenues decreased from $47.9 million in the quarter ended December 31, 2000. The decrease in revenue from the quarter ended December 31, 2000 demonstrates that we cannot be certain that our revenues will continue to grow or that we will ever maintain sufficient revenue levels to achieve profitability on a GAAP or on a pro forma basis. We will need to generate significant revenue growth to again achieve pro forma profitability and positive operating cash flow.
OUR REVENUES AND OPERATING RESULTS ARE VOLATILE, AND AN UNANTICIPATED DECLINE IN REVENUE MAY DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECT OUR NET INCOME OR LOSS IN A QUARTER.
Our revenues and operating results have fluctuated significantly from quarter-to-quarter in the past and may fluctuate significantly in the future as a result of several factors, some of which are outside of our control. These factors include, without limitation, the following:
- Fluctuations in demand for and sales of our products, which will depend on, among other things, the speed and magnitude of the transition to an all-optical network, the acceptance of our products in the marketplace and the general level of equipment spending in the telecommunications industry;
- Cancellations of orders and shipment rescheduling;
- Changes in customers' requirements in general as well as those specific to product specifications;
- Satisfaction of contractual customer acceptance criteria and related revenue recognition issues;
- Our ability to continue to provide appropriate manufacturing capacity commensurate with the current demand levels for our products at our facilities in Fremont, California;
- Our ability to manage outsourced manufacturing, in which we have no previous experience;
- The ability of our outsourced manufacturers to timely produce and deliver subcomponents, and possibly complete products, in the quantity and of the quality we require;
- The mix of our products sold;
- The practice of companies in the communications industry to sporadically place large orders with short lead times;
- Competitive factors, including introductions of new products and product enhancements by potential competitors, entry of new competitors into the photonic processor market, including Lucent Technologies, Nortel Networks, Fujitsu, Oplink Communications, Inc., Chorum Technologies, Wavesplitter and New Focus, Inc., and pricing pressures;
- Our ability to effectively develop, introduce, manufacture and ship new and enhanced products in a timely manner without defects;
- Our ability to control expenses, particularly in light of our limited operating history;
- Availability of components for our products and equipment and increases in the price of these components and equipment;
- Our ability to meet customer product specifications and qualifications;
- Irregularity of customer demand;
- Difficulties in collecting accounts receivable;
- Our ability to continue to attract and retain qualified, competent and experience professional employees;
- Our ability to continue production operations in areas that are subject to irregular and increasing power disruptions;
- Our ability to introduce effective automation into our production process;
- Our ability to obtain the necessary basic services for our facilities, such as electricity, and the timing of any loss of these basic services, which halts our operations; and
- Economic conditions in general as well as those specific to the communications and related industries.
A high percentage of our expenses, including those related to manufacturing, engineering, sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative functions, are essentially fixed in the short term. As a result, if we experience delays in generating and recognizing revenue, our quarterly operating results are likely to be seriously harmed. New product introductions can result in a mismatching of research and development expenses and sales and marketing expenses that are incurred in one quarter with revenues that are not recognized until a subsequent quarter when the new product is introduced. In addition, there may be significant costs relating to the introduction of new products into volume manufacturing. If growth in our revenues does not outpace the increase in our expenses, our results of operations could be seriously harmed.
Due to these and other factors, we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating results will not be meaningful. You should not rely on our results for one quarter as any indication of our future performance. It is likely that in future quarters our operating results may be below the expectations of public market analysts or investors. If this occurs, the price of our common stock would likely decrease.
MARKET CONDITIONS IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS MARKET MAY SIGNIFICANTLY HARM OUR FINANCIAL POSITION.
We sell our products primarily to a few large customers in the telecommunications market for use in infrastructure projects. Customers in the telecommunications market have recently been reducing their spending for infrastructure projects. The current economic downturn may lead to continued reductions in such infrastructure spending, and our customers may significantly reduce their orders for our products. In addition, because we rely on a high percentage of our sales from only a few customers, any reductions in spending on our products by our current customers, or unwillingness to purchase our products by future customers, could significantly harm our financial position and results of operations. For example, declining orders from WorldCom contributed to our quarterly revenue decline from the December 31, 2000 quarter to the March 31, 2001 quarter. Reduced infrastructure spending could also lead to increased price competition. If our customers and potential customers continue to reduce their infrastructure spending, we may fall short of our revenue expectations for future quarters or the fiscal year.
WE HAVE A LIMITED OPERATING HISTORY, WHICH MAKES IT DIFFICULT TO EVALUATE OUR PROSPECTS.
We are an early-stage company in the emerging photonic processor market. We were first incorporated on October 24, 1997. Because of our limited operating history, we have limited insight into trends that may emerge in our market and affect our business. The revenue and income potential of the photonic processor market, and our business in particular, are unproven. We began shipping our PowerFilter and PowerMux products to customers for evaluation in April 1999. Volume shipments of PowerFilter did not commence until the quarter ended December 31, 1999; while volume shipments of PowerMux did not commence until the quarter ended June 30, 2000. In addition, we only began shipping our PowerShaper product for beta testing purposes in the quarter ended March 31, 2000, and we only began shipping our PowerExpress product for beta testing purposes in the quarter ended December 31, 2000. As a result of our limited operating history, we have limited financial data that you can use to evaluate our business. You must consider our prospects in light of the risks, expenses and challenges we might encounter because we are at an early stage of development in a new and rapidly evolving market.
OUR CUSTOMERS ARE NOT OBLIGATED TO BUY MATERIAL AMOUNTS OF OUR PRODUCTS AND MAY CANCEL OR DEFER PURCHASES ON SHORT NOTICE.
Our customers typically purchase our products under individual purchase orders and may cancel or defer purchases on short notice without significant penalty. While we have executed a long-term contract with one of our customers and may enter into additional long-term contracts with other customers in the future, these contracts do not obligate the customers to buy material amounts of our products, and are subject to cancellation or a slow down on delivery with little or no advance notice and little or no penalty. We also may enter into long-term contracts that do not guarantee orders, and may impose harsher terms and conditions on sales than previously received from that customer in purchase orders. Further, certain of our customers have a tendency to purchase our products near the end of our fiscal quarter. A cancellation or delay of such an order may therefore cause us to fail to achieve that quarter's financial and operating goals. Accordingly, sales in a particular period are difficult to predict. Decreases in purchases, cancellations of purchase orders or deferrals of purchases may have a material adverse effect on us, particularly if we do not anticipate them.
IF WE FAIL TO PREDICT OUR MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS ACCURATELY, WE COULD INCUR ADDITIONAL COSTS OR EXPERIENCE MANUFACTURING DELAYS, WHICH COULD CAUSE US TO LOSE ORDERS OR CUSTOMERS AND RESULT IN LOWER REVENUES.
We currently use a rolling 9-month forecast based primarily on our anticipated product orders and our limited product order history to determine our requirements for components and materials. We provide these forecasts to our outsourced manufacturers, and we use them internally as well. It is very important that we accurately predict both the demand for our products and the lead time required to obtain the necessary components and raw materials. Lead times for materials and components that we order vary significantly and depend on factors such as the specific supplier, the size of the order, contract terms and demand for each component at a given time. If we underestimate our requirements, we, and our third-party outsourced manufacturers may have inadequate manufacturing capacity or inventory, which could interrupt manufacturing of our products and result in delays in shipments and revenues. If we overestimate our requirements, we could have excess inventory of parts as well as over-capitalized manufacturing facilities. For example, the inventory provision booked in the quarter ended March 31, 2001 is a result of our inability to forecast the sudden decrease in demand for our products. The provision consists of $11.4 million reserve against current inventory and a $10.2 million accrual for non-cancelable purchase commitments. We also may experience shortages of components from time to time, which also could delay the manufacturing of our products and could cause us to lose orders or customers.
WE WILL NOT ATTRACT ORDERS AND CUSTOMERS OR WE MAY LOSE CURRENT ORDERS AND CUSTOMERS AND WILL NOT BE SUCCESSFUL IN OUR INDUSTRY IF WE ARE UNABLE TO COMMIT TO DELIVER SUFFICIENT QUANTITIES OF OUR PRODUCTS TO SATISFY MAJOR CUSTOMERS' NEEDS.
Communications service providers and optical systems manufacturers typically require that suppliers commit to provide specified quantities of products over a given period of time. If we are unable to commit to deliver sufficient quantities of our products to satisfy a customer's anticipated needs, we will lose the order and the opportunity for significant sales to that customer for a lengthy period of time. We will be unable to pursue many large orders if we do not have sufficient manufacturing capacity to enable us to commit to provide customers with specified quantities of products.
OUR DEPENDENCE ON INDEPENDENT MANUFACTURERS MAY RESULT IN PRODUCT DELIVERY DELAYS AND MAY HAVE AN ADVERSE AFFECT ON OUR OPERATIONS.
We rely on a small number of outsourced manufacturers to manufacture our subcomponents, and possibly our products in the future. The qualification of these manufacturers is an expensive and time-consuming process, and these outsourced manufacturers build optical components for other companies, including our competitors. In addition, we do not have contracts in place with many of these manufacturers. We have very limited experience in working with third party manufacturers and we may not be able to effectively manage our relationships with our manufacturers. We cannot be certain that they will be able to fill our orders in a timely manner. If we cannot effectively manage these manufacturers or they fail to deliver components in a timely manner, we could experience significant delays in shipping our product. Product delays may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Our outsourced manufacturers have a limited history of manufacturing optical subcomponents and have no history of manufacturing our products on a turn-key basis. Any interruption in the operations of these outsourced manufacturers could harm our ability to meet our scheduled product deliveries to our customers, which could cause the loss of existing or potential customers. In addition, the products and subcomponents that these outsourced manufacturers build for us may be insufficient in quality or in quantity to meet our needs. The inability of our outsourced manufacturers to provide us with adequate supplies of high-quality products and subcomponents in the future could cause a delay in our ability to fulfill customer orders while we obtain a replacement manufacturer and could seriously harm our business.
To successfully meet our overall production goals, we will also have to coordinate effectively our operations in California with those of our outsourced manufacturers in China. We have very limited experience in coordinating and managing production operations that are located on different continents or in the transfer of manufacturing operations from one facility to another. The geographic distance between our headquarters in California and outsourced manufacturers' manufacturing facilities in China will make it difficult for us to manage the relationship and oversee operations there to assure product quality and timely delivery. Our failure to successfully coordinate and manage multiple sites or to transfer our manufacturing operations could seriously harm our overall production.
Because our outsourced manufacturers' manufacturing facilities are located in China, these outsourced manufacturers will be subject to the risk of political instability in China and the possible imposition of restrictive trade regulations and tariffs. We will also be exposed to risks of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and lack of adequate protection of intellectual property under Chinese law.
In addition, our outsourced manufacturers may begin to integrate these subcomponents for us to produce turn-key products for us, which will add to the complexity and difficulty of obtaining sufficient quantities of these products at acceptable quality from these outsourced manufacturers. Any failure of these outsourced manufacturers to timely produce turn-key products for us in the quantities and quality needed will seriously harm our business.
UNDER OUR LICENSE AGREEMENT WITH CMI, CMI CAN MANUFACTURE AND SELL OPTICAL SUBCOMPONENTS BASED ON OUR TECHNOLOGY TO OUR POTENTIAL COMPETITORS, WHICH COULD HARM OUR MARKET POSITION IN THE FUTURE.
Under the agreement with CMI, we have granted licenses to CMI to make in China and the United States, and to use and sell worldwide, certain licensed subcomponents. We also granted them a license to use some of our technical information and manufacturing process know-how in China and the United States. These licenses are exclusive in China and non-exclusive elsewhere. As a result, CMI can manufacture and sell certain optical subcomponents based on our technology to third parties, including our potential competitors. Furthermore, unless the license is terminated, we cannot use additional manufacturers to produce these subcomponents in China, which means that we cannot use any other outsourced manufacturers in China for these subcomponents. We are currently considering entering into agreements with outsourced manufacturers, other than CMI, in China. Our ability to make use of these outsourced manufacturers may depend upon our ability to terminate, or modify, our agreement with CMI, which we may not be able to do on terms favorable to us.
IF WE FAIL TO EFFECTIVELY MANAGE OUR FINANCIAL AND MANAGERIAL CONTROLS, REPORTING SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES, OUR BUSINESS MAY NOT SUCCEED.
. We have grown from revenue of $510,000 in the fiscal year ended June 30, 1999, $40.7 million in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2000, to $113.0 million in the nine month period ended March 31, 2001. We had 251 employees as of March 31, 2000, and at March 31, 2001, we had almost 1,200 employees, including temporary employees. However, in April 2001, we had a reduction-in-force which reduced our employees by approximately 428 people, including temporary employees. We currently operate facilities in Fremont, California and in Richardson, Texas, and CMI manufactures subcomponents for us in China. We also have a sales office with a regional sales manager in Newtown, Pennsylvania. In addition, we acquired substantially all of the assets and certain liabilities of Holographix Inc., a Delaware corporation located in Hudson, Massachusetts. As of March 31, 2001, this unit had eight full-time and two part-time employees. The rapidly changing number of employees and volatile quarterly revenue, combined with the challenges of managing geographically-dispersed operations, has placed, and will continue to place, a significant strain on our management systems and resources. We expect that we will need to continue to improve our financial and managerial controls, reporting systems and procedures, and will need to continue to manage our work force worldwide. However, we may not be able to install adequate control systems in an efficient and timely manner, and our current or planned operational systems, procedures and controls may not be adequate to support our future operations. Delays in the implementation of new systems or operational disruptions when we transition to new systems would impair our ability to accurately forecast sales demand, manage our product inventory and record and report financial and management information on a timely and accurate basis.
IF WE DO NOT REDUCE COSTS, INTRODUCE NEW PRODUCTS OR INCREASE SALES VOLUME, OUR GROSS MARGIN MAY DECLINE.
We anticipate that the average selling prices of our products will decrease and fluctuate in the future due to a number of factors, including competitive pricing pressures, rapid technological change and sales discounts. Therefore, to maintain or increase our gross margin, we must develop and introduce new products and product enhancements on a timely basis. We must also continually reduce our costs of production. As our average selling prices decline, we must increase our unit sales volume to maintain or increase our revenue. We have begun to experience some erosion in the average selling prices of our products, and we expect more significant price erosion in the future. If our average selling prices decline more rapidly than our costs of production, our gross margin will decline, which could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
OUR PRODUCTS MAY HAVE DEFECTS THAT ARE NOT DETECTED UNTIL FULL DEPLOYMENT OF A CUSTOMER'S SYSTEM, WHICH COULD RESULT IN A LOSS OF CUSTOMERS, DAMAGE TO OUR REPUTATION AND SUBSTANTIAL COSTS.
Our products are designed to be deployed in large and complex optical networks and must be compatible with other components of the system, both current and future. In addition, our products may not operate as expected or guaranteed over long periods of time. Our products can only be fully tested for reliability when deployed in networks for long periods of time. Our customers may discover errors, defects or incompatibilities in our products after they have been fully deployed and operated under peak stress conditions. They may also have errors, defects or incompatibilities that we find only after a system upgrade is installed. If we are unable to fix errors or other problems, we could experience:
- Loss of customers or customer orders;
- Loss of or delay in revenues;
- Loss of market share;
- Loss or damage to our brand and reputation;
- Inability to attract new customers or achieve market acceptance;
- Diversion of development resources;
- Increased service and warranty costs;
- Legal actions by our customers; and
- Increased insurance costs.
In some of our contracts and agreements, we have agreed to indemnify our customers against certain liabilities arising from defects in our products. While we carry insurance policies covering this type of liability, these policies may not provide sufficient protection should a claim be asserted. To date, product defects have not had a material negative affect on our results of operations. However, we cannot be certain that product defects will not have a material negative affect on our results of operations in the future. A material product liability claim may have significant consequences on our ability to compete effectively and generate positive cash flow and may seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
IF WE DO NOT ACHIEVE ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURING YIELDS IN A COST-EFFECTIVE MANNER OR ACHIEVE SUFFICIENT PRODUCT RELIABILITY, THIS COULD DELAY PRODUCT SHIPMENTS TO OUR CUSTOMERS OR REQUIRE US TO DEVELOP NEW MANUFACTURING PROCESSES, WHICH WOULD IMPAIR OUR OPERATING RESULTS.
Manufacturing our products involves complex, labor intensive and precise processes. Changes in our manufacturing processes or those of our suppliers, or their inadvertent use of defective materials, could significantly reduce our manufacturing yields and product reliability. Because the majority of our manufacturing costs are relatively fixed, manufacturing yields are critical to our results of operations. Lower than expected production yields could delay product shipments and impair our gross margins. We may not obtain acceptable yields in the future.
In some cases, existing manufacturing techniques, which involve substantial manual labor, may not allow us to cost- effectively meet our production goals so that we maintain acceptable gross margins while meeting the cost targets of our customers. We will need to develop new manufacturing processes and techniques that will involve higher levels of automation to increase our gross margins and achieve the targeted cost levels of our customers. We may not achieve manufacturing cost levels that will fully satisfy customer demands.
Because we plan to introduce new products and product enhancements regularly, we must effectively transfer production information from our product development department and our pilot production line to our manufacturing group and coordinate our efforts with those of our suppliers to rapidly achieve volume production. If we fail to effectively manage this process or if we experience delays, disruptions or quality control problems in our manufacturing operations, our shipments of products to our customers could be delayed.
WE DEPEND ON KEY PERSONNEL TO MANAGE OUR BUSINESS EFFECTIVELY IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING MARKET, AND IF WE ARE UNABLE TO HIRE AND RETAIN QUALIFIED PERSONNEL, OUR ABILITY TO SELL OUR PRODUCTS COULD BE HARMED.
Our future success depends, in large part, on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel. The loss of the services of any of our key personnel, the inability to attract or retain qualified personnel in the future or delays in hiring required personnel, particularly engineers, sales personnel and marketing personnel, may seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. In particular, our future success depends upon the continued services of our executive officers, particularly Walter Alessandrini, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, Paul Engle, our President and Chief Operating Officer, and Xiaofan (Simon) Cao, our Chief Technology Officer, and other key engineering, sales, marketing, manufacturing and support personnel. None of our officers or key employees is bound by an employment agreement for any specific term and these personnel may terminate their employment at any time. In addition, we do not have "key person" life insurance policies covering any of our employees.
As of March 31, 2001, we had almost 1,200 employees, including temporary employees.. In April 2001, we had a reduction-in- force which eliminated about 428 positions, including temporary positions. Our ability to continue to attract and retain highly skilled personnel will be a critical factor in determining whether we will be successful in the future. Competition for highly skilled personnel is intense, especially in the San Francisco Bay Area. We may not be successful in attracting, assimilating or retaining qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future needs. Our planned growth will place a significant demand on our management and operational resources. Many of the members of our management team have only been with us for a relatively short period of time. For example, our Chief Executive Officer joined us in March 1999, and six out of our ten current executive officers have joined us since then. Our President joined us in September, 2000. Failure of the new management team to work effectively together could seriously harm our business.
WE FACE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH OUR INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS THAT COULD PREVENT US FROM SUCCESSFULLY MANUFACTURING, MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTING OUR PRODUCTS INTERNATIONALLY.
In addition to our contract manufacturing relationship with CMI, we intend to expand our international operations in the future, including increasing the number of our subcomponents manufactured overseas. In addition, we may have our products manufactured overseas on a turn-key basis. Further, we intend to increase our international sales and the number of our international customers. This expansion will require significant management attention and financial resources to develop successfully direct and indirect international sales and support channels and manufacturing. We may not be able to establish or maintain international market demand for our products. We currently have little or no experience in manufacturing, marketing and distributing our products internationally.
In addition, international operations are subject to inherent risks, including without limitation:
- Greater difficulty in accounts receivable collection and longer collection periods;
- Difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations with personnel who have expertise in optical network technology;
- Unexpected changes in regulatory or certification requirements for optical systems or networks;
- Reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries, including China, where some of our subcomponents and products will be manufactured; and
- Political and economic instability.
While we expect our international revenues and expenses to be denominated predominantly in U.S. dollars, a portion of our international revenues and expenses may be denominated in foreign currencies in the future. Accordingly, we could experience the risks of fluctuating currencies and could choose to engage in currency hedging activities. We do not currently engage in currency hedging activities to limit the risks of exchange rate fluctuations. Therefore, fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies could have a negative impact on the profitability of our global operations, which would seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
BECAUSE WE DEPEND ON SINGLE OR LIMITED SOURCES OF SUPPLY WITH LONG LEAD TIMES FOR SOME OF THE KEY COMPONENTS IN OUR PRODUCTS AND SOME OF OUR EQUIPMENT, WE COULD ENCOUNTER DIFFICULTIES IN MEETING SCHEDULED PRODUCT DELIVERIES TO OUR CUSTOMERS, WHICH COULD CAUSE CUSTOMERS TO CANCEL ORDERS.
We purchase several key components used in our products and equipment from single or limited sources of supply, including Nippon Sheet Glass, Hoya USA, Inc., CMI, Sumitomo Corporation of America, Casix, Inc., Browave Corporation, Agilent Technologies, and New Focus, Inc. These key components include filters, lenses, specialty glass and test and measurement equipment. We have no guaranteed supply arrangements with any of these suppliers, and we typically purchase our components and equipment through purchase orders. We have experienced shortages and delays in obtaining components and equipment in the past, which adversely impacted delivery of our products, and we may fail to obtain these supplies in a timely manner in the future. Any interruption or delay in the supply of any of these components or equipment, or the inability to obtain these components or equipment from alternate sources at acceptable prices, at acceptable quality and within a reasonable amount of time, would impair our ability to meet scheduled product deliveries to our customers and could cause customers to cancel orders. Lead times for components and equipment vary significantly and depend on numerous factors at any given time, including the specific supplier, specifications for the component or item of equipment, the size of the order, contract terms and market demand for a component or item of equipment. For substantial increases in production levels, suppliers may need longer-than-normal lead times and some may need at least nine months.
Furthermore, financial or other difficulties faced by these suppliers, or significant changes in demand for these components and equipment, could limit the availability of these components and equipment. In addition, a third party could acquire control of one or more of our suppliers and cut off our access to raw materials, components or equipment. For example, JDS Uniphase recently acquired Casix, Inc., one of our critical suppliers of specialty glass. Obtaining components and equipment from alternate suppliers is difficult because we must qualify each new supplier, and this process is time-consuming and expensive.
Because lead times for materials, components and equipment used in the assembly of our products are long and vary significantly, we may have excess or inadequate inventory of some materials, components and equipment if orders do not match forecasts. For example, in the quarter ended March 31, 2001, we booked a $21.6 million inventory provision, consisting of a $11.4 million reserve against current inventory and a $10.2 million accrual for non-cancelable purchase obligations. Furthermore, if we change suppliers, our customers may require that our products be re-qualified by them, which is time consuming and expensive.
We must obtain supplies and materials that are of sufficient quantity and quality in order for us to manufacture our products in acceptable quantities and with acceptable yields. Our inability to obtain supplies and materials in sufficient quality or quantity will seriously harm the yield and production of our products and could seriously harm our business.
OUR FACILITIES ARE VULNERABLE TO DAMAGE FROM EARTHQUAKES AND OTHER NATURAL DISASTERS.
Our assembly facilities are located on or near known earthquake fault zones and are vulnerable to damage from fire, floods, earthquakes, power loss, telecommunications failures and similar events. If such a disaster occurs, our ability to assemble, test and ship our products would be seriously, if not completely, impaired, which would seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot be sure that the insurance we maintain against fires, floods and general business interruptions will be adequate to cover our losses in any particular case.
OUR FACILITIES ARE VULNERABLE TO POWER OUTAGES.
Our assembly facilities are located in the state of California, which presently is experiencing a severe shortage of electrical power. We have experienced several power outages in the recent past, and we expect additional power outages in the future. These power outages have halted our production operations. If such future power outages occur, our ability to assemble, test and ship our products would be seriously impaired, which could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations, particularly if these power outages occur in the last month of our fiscal quarter. We cannot be sure that the insurance we maintain against general business interruptions will be adequate to cover our losses in this particular case, if at all.
WE COULD INCUR COSTS AND EXPERIENCE DISRUPTIONS COMPLYING WITH ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND OTHER REGULATIONS.
We handle small amounts of hazardous materials as part of our manufacturing activities, especially at our Holographix Inc. subsidiary in Hudson, Massachusetts. Although we believe that we have complied to date with all applicable environmental regulations in connection with our operations, we may be required to incur environmental remediation costs to comply with current or future environmental laws.
We introduced our PowerExpress product, which is currently in beta testing stage, during the quarter ended March 31, 2001. Our PowerExpress product is the first product offered by us that incorporates firmware and electronic components. The additional level of complexity created by combining firmware and electronic components with our optical components require that we comply with additional regulations, both domestically and abroad, including without limitation, environmental compliance, power consumption, electrical emission regulations and other regulations known as homologation. Any failure to successfully obtain the necessary permits or comply with the necessary regulations in a timely manner or at all could seriously harm our sales of these products and our business.
WE DEPEND ON A SINGLE APPLICATION SERVICE PROVIDER FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SERVICES, AND IF THERE IS A SERVICE INTERRUPTION, WE MAY HAVE DIFFICULTY IN ACCESSING DATA THAT IS CRITICAL TO THE MANAGEMENT OF OUR BUSINESS.
We rely on a single application service provider, Aristasoft Corporation, to provide an Internet-based management information system and support for this system. We are one of their few customers. All of our financial records and ordering and data tracking information are stored on Aristasoft's computer system and are only accessible over the Internet. The Internet has suffered from delays and outages in the past, which could make it difficult for us to access our data. From time to time, we have experienced difficulties and delays in accessing our data. Lack of direct control over our management information system and delays in obtaining information when needed could harm our business.
We do not have an agreement with Aristasoft requiring it to provide services to us for any specified period, and they could terminate their relationship with us on short notice. If we needed to qualify a new application service provider, we might be unable to do so on a timely basis, or at all. The services are provided on application and database servers located at offsite data facilities and accessed via communications links from our facility. We cannot be certain that Aristasoft will be able to manage a scalable and reliable information technology infrastructure to support the growth of our business. If they stop providing services to us or if there is a service interruption, our ability to process orders, manufacture products, ship products, prepare invoices and manage our day-to-day financial transactions would be harmed, and our results of operations would suffer.
SALES OF OUR POWERFILTER AND POWERMUX PRODUCTS CURRENTLY REPRESENT NEARLY ALL OF OUR REVENUES AND IF WE ARE UNSUCCESSFUL IN COMMERCIALLY SELLING OUR POWERSHAPER PRODUCT AND FUTURE PRODUCTS, OUR REVENUES WILL NOT GROW SIGNIFICANTLY.
We currently offer four products, PowerFilter, PowerExpress Metro, PowerExchanger and PowerMux. Sales of our PowerFilter and PowerMux account for substantially all of our revenues. We will continue to substantially depend on PowerFilter and PowerMux for our near-term revenue. Although we have begun to sell our PowerShaper and PowerExpress products for beta testing, sales of these products to date have not represented a significant portion of our revenue. Our customers who have purchased PowerShaper and PowerExpress products from us to date may not choose to purchase any additional products for commercial use. Declines in the price of, or demand for, our PowerFilter or PowerMux products, or their failure to achieve broad market acceptance, would seriously harm our business. In addition, we believe that our future growth and a significant portion of our future revenue will depend on the broad commercial success of our PowerShaper and PowerExpress products and other future products. If our target customers do not widely adopt, purchase and successfully deploy our products, our revenues will not grow significantly and may decline, and our business will be seriously harmed.
OUR INABILITY TO INTRODUCE NEW PRODUCTS AND PRODUCT ENHANCEMENTS COULD PREVENT US FROM INCREASING REVENUE.
The successful operation of our business depends on our ability to anticipate market needs and to develop and introduce new products and product enhancements that respond to technological changes or evolving industry standards on a timely and cost-effective basis. Our products are complex, and new products may take longer to develop than originally anticipated. These products may contain defects or have unacceptable manufacturing yields when first introduced or as new versions are released. If we do not introduce new products in a timely manner, we will not obtain incremental revenues from these products or be able to replace more mature products with declining revenues or gross margins. Customers that have designed our new products into their system could instead purchase products from our competitors, resulting in lost revenue over a longer term. We could also incur unanticipated costs in attempting to complete delayed new products or to fix defective products. We cannot be certain that we will successfully develop and market these types of products and product enhancements. In addition, our products could quickly become obsolete as new technologies are introduced and incorporated into new and improved products. In particular, we anticipate that our PowerMux product, which incorporates our PowerFilter product and additional functionality, will replace our PowerFilter product in most applications. We must continue to develop state-of-the-art products and introduce them in the commercial market quickly in order to be successful. We introduced our PowerShaper product, which is currently in the beta testing stage, during the quarter ended March 31, 2000, and we introduced our PowerExpress product, which is currently in beta testing stage, during the quarter ended March 31, 2001. Our failure to produce technologically competitive products in a cost-effective manner and on a timely basis will seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. In particular, any failure of PowerMux, PowerShaper, PowerExpress or our other future products to achieve market acceptance could significantly harm our business.
WE MAY EXPERIENCE INCREASED COMPETITION FROM COMPANIES IN THE PHOTONIC PROCESSOR MARKET AND IN THE OPTICAL SYSTEMS AND COMPONENT INDUSTRY, WHICH COULD CAUSE REDUCED SALES LEVELS AND RESULT IN PRICE REDUCTIONS, REDUCED GROSS MARGINS OR LOSS OF MARKET SHARE.
The markets we are targeting are new and rapidly evolving, and we expect these markets to become highly competitive in the future. We anticipate that other companies will expand into our market in the future, and introduce competitive products. We also face indirect competition from public and private companies providing products that address the same optical network problems that our products address. The development of alternative solutions to optical transmission problems by competitors, particularly systems companies who also manufacture components, could significantly limit our growth.
WE EXPECT COMPETITION TO INCREASE.
Some companies in the optical systems and component industry may compete with us in the future, including Lucent Technologies, Nortel Networks, Alcatel, Fujitsu, JDS Uniphase, Oplink Communications, New Focus, Inc., Wavesplitter and Chorum Technologies, and some compete with us now using different technologies. Some of these are large public companies that have longer operating histories and significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we have. As a result, some of these competitors are able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion, sale and support of their products. In addition, our competitors that have large market capitalizations or cash reserves are much better positioned than we are to acquire other companies in order to gain new technologies or products that may displace our product lines. Any of these acquisitions could give our competitors a strategic advantage. Many of our competitors and potential competitors have significantly more established sales and customer support organizations than we do. In addition, many of our competitors have much greater name recognition and have more extensive customer bases, better developed distribution channels and broader product offerings than our company. These companies can use their customer bases and broader product offerings and adopt aggressive pricing policies to gain market share. We expect to encounter potential customers that, due to existing relationships with our competitors, are committed to the products offered by these competitors. As a result, these potential customers may not consider purchasing our products.
Some existing customers and potential future customers are also our competitors. These customers may develop or acquire additional competitive products or technologies in the future, which may cause them to reduce or cease their purchases from us. In addition, customers who are also competitors may unfairly disparage our products in order to gain a competitive advantage. Further, these customers may reduce or discontinue purchasing our products if they perceive us as a serious competitive threat in those or other products with their customers, especially as we develop, manufacture and sell products which incorporate higher levels of sophistication such as our PowerExpress product.
As a result of these factors, we expect that competitive pressures will intensify and may result in price reductions, reduced margins and loss of market share.
OUR PRIVATE COMPANY CLIENTS MAY NOT HAVE ENOUGH CAPITAL TO CONTINUE TO PURCHASE OUR PRODUCTS.
We currently sell our products to a number of privately financed high technology companies. These companies may have difficulty in financing future purchases of our products due to recent disruptions in the capital markets. If these companies reduce their purchases of our products our operating results may be harmed and our stock price may decrease.
AS OUR COMPETITORS CONSOLIDATE, THEY MAY OFFER PRODUCTS OR PRICING WHICH WE CANNOT MEET, WHICH COULD CAUSE OUR REVENUES TO DECLINE.
Consolidation in the fiber optic component industry could intensify the competitive pressures that we face. For example, three of our competitors, JDS Fitel, Uniphase and E-Tek Dynamics, Inc. have merged. This merged company has announced its intention to offer more integrated products that could make our products less competitive, and it has since acquired SDL, Inc. Our customers may prefer to purchase products from certain of our competitors who offer broader product lines, which would negatively affect our sales and operating results.
WE RELY ON A LIMITED NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS, AND ANY DECREASE IN REVENUES FROM, OR LOSS OF, ONE OR MORE OF THESE CUSTOMERS WITHOUT A CORRESPONDING INCREASE IN REVENUES FROM OTHER CUSTOMERS WOULD HARM OUR OPERATING RESULTS.
Our customer base is limited and highly concentrated. Four customers accounted for an aggregate of 88% of our net revenue in the quarter ended March 31, 2001. Fujitsu accounted approximately 51% of our net revenue in the quarter ending March 31, 2001. We expect that the majority of our revenues will continue to depend on sales of our products to a small number of customers.
If current customers do not continue to place significant orders, or cancel or delay current orders, we may not be able to replace these orders. In addition, any downturn in the business of existing customers could result in significantly decreased sales to these customers, which could seriously harm our revenues and results of operations.
Sales to any single customer may vary significantly from quarter to quarter. Customers in the communications industry tend to order large quantities of products on an irregular basis. They base these orders on a decision to deploy their system in a particular geographic area and may not order additional products until they make their next major deployment decision. This means that customers who account for a significant portion of our net revenue in one quarter may not place any orders in the succeeding quarter. These ordering patterns can result in significant quarterly fluctuations in our operating results.
IF OUR CUSTOMERS DO NOT QUALIFY OUR MANUFACTURING LINES FOR VOLUME SHIPMENTS, OUR PRODUCTS MAY BE DROPPED FROM SUPPLY PROGRAMS AND OUR OPERATING RESULTS COULD SUFFER.
Customers generally will not purchase any of our products, other than limited numbers of evaluation units, before they qualify our products, approve our manufacturing process and approve our quality system. Our existing manufacturing line, as well as each new manufacturing line, must pass through various levels of approval with our customers. Customers may require that we be registered and maintain registration under international quality standards, such as ISO 9001. We successfully passed the ISO 9001 registration audit and received formal registration of our Quality System in August, 2000. Our products may also have to be qualified to specific customer requirements. This customer approval process determines whether we can consistently achieve the customers' quality, performance and reliability standards. In order for outsourced manufacturers to manufacture products or discrete components for us in the future, their manufacturing process and Quality System may also need to be qualified by our customers. Delays in product qualification or losing ISO 9001 registration by us, our suppliers or our outsourced manufacturers may cause a product to be dropped from a long-term supply program and result in significant lost revenue opportunity over the term of that program.
OUR LENGTHY AND VARIABLE QUALIFICATION AND SALES CYCLE MAKES IT DIFFICULT TO PREDICT THE TIMING OF A SALE OR WHETHER A SALE WILL BE MADE, WHICH MAY CAUSE US TO HAVE EXCESS MANUFACTURING CAPACITY OR INVENTORY AND NEGATIVELY IMPACT OUR OPERATING RESULTS.
Customers typically expend significant efforts in evaluating and qualifying our products and manufacturing processes. This evaluation and qualification process frequently results in a lengthy sales cycle, typically ranging from three to nine months and sometimes longer. While our customers are evaluating our products and before they place an order with us, we may incur substantial sales and marketing and research and development expenses, expend significant management efforts, increase manufacturing capacity and order long-lead-time supplies prior to receiving an order. Even after this evaluation process, it is possible that a potential customer will not purchase our products for deployment. In addition, product purchases are frequently subject to unplanned processing and other delays, particularly with respect to larger customers for which our products represent a very small percentage of their overall purchase activity.
If we increase capacity and order supplies in anticipation of an order that does not materialize, our gross margins will decline and we will have to carry or write off excess inventory. Even if we receive an order, the additional manufacturing capacity that we add to service the customer's requirements may be underutilized in a subsequent quarter, especially if an order is delayed or cancelled. Either situation could cause our results of operations to be below the expectations of investors and public market analysts, which could, in turn, cause the price of our common stock to decline. Our long sales cycles, as well as the practice of companies in the communications industry to sporadically place large orders with short lead times, may cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly and unexpectedly from quarter to quarter.
In addition, we cannot be certain that the sales cycle for our products will not lengthen in the future. In addition, the emerging and evolving nature of the photonic processor market may cause prospective customers to delay their purchase decisions as they evaluate new technologies and develop and implement new systems. As the average order size for our products grows, the process for approving purchases is likely to become more complex, leading to potential delays in receipt of these orders. As a result, our long and unpredictable sales cycle contributes to the uncertainty of our future operating results.
WE WILL LOSE SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMER SALES AND OPPORTUNITIES AND MAY NOT BE SUCCESSFUL IF OUR CUSTOMERS DO NOT QUALIFY OUR PRODUCTS TO BE DESIGNED INTO THEIR PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS.
In the communications industry, service providers and optical systems manufacturers often undertake extensive qualification processes prior to placing orders for large quantities of products such as ours, because these products must function as part of a larger system or network. Once they decide to use a particular supplier's product or component, these potential customers design the product into their system, which is known as a design-in win. Suppliers whose products or components are not designed in are unlikely to make sales to that company until at least the adoption of a future redesigned system. Even then, many companies may be reluctant to design entirely new products into their new systems, as it could involve significant additional redesign efforts. If we fail to achieve design-in wins in our potential customer's qualification process, we will lose the opportunity for significant sales to that customer for a lengthy period of time.
IF CARRIERS FOR NEW TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS DEPLOYMENTS DO NOT SELECT OUR SYSTEMS-LEVEL CUSTOMERS, OUR SHIPMENTS AND REVENUES WILL BE REDUCED.
Sales of our components depend on sales of fiber optic telecommunications systems by our systems-level customers, which are shipped in quantity when telecommunications service providers, or carriers, add capacity. Systems manufacturers compete for sales in each capacity deployment. If systems manufacturers that use our products in their systems do not win a contract, their demand for our products will decline, reducing our future revenues. Similarly, a carrier's delay in selecting systems manufacturers for a deployment could delay our shipments and revenues.
SALES IN THE FUTURE TO CUSTOMERS BASED OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES MAY ACCOUNT FOR AN INCREASED PORTION OF OUR REVENUE, WHICH EXPOSES US TO RISKS INHERENT IN INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS.
Our increased international operations are subject to a variety of risks associated with conducting business internationally any of which could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. These risks include without limitation:
- Greater difficulty in accounts receivable collections;
- Import or export licensing and product certification requirements;
- Tariffs, duties, price controls or other restrictions on foreign currencies or trade barriers imposed by foreign countries;
- Potential adverse tax consequences, including restrictions on repatriation of earnings;
- Fluctuations in currency exchange rates;
- Seasonal reductions in business activity in some parts of the world;
- Unexpected changes in regulatory requirements;
- Burdens of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws, particularly with respect to intellectual property, license requirements, environmental requirements, and homologation;
- Difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations;
- Political instability;
- The impact of recessions in economies outside of the United States; and
- Limited ability to enforce agreements, intellectual property and other rights in some foreign countries.
IF WE DO NOT SUBSTANTIALLY EXPAND OUR DIRECT AND INDIRECT SALES OPERATIONS, WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO INCREASE MARKET AWARENESS AND SALES OF OUR PRODUCTS AND OUR REVENUES WILL SUFFER.
Our products and services require a long, involved sales effort targeted at several departments within our prospective customers' organizations. Therefore, our sales effort requires the prolonged efforts of executive personnel, specialized system and application engineers and marketing personnel working together with dedicated salespersons in making sales. Because we have a relatively small number of dedicated salespersons, we need to hire additional qualified sales personnel, system and application engineers and marketing personnel. Competition for these individuals is intense, and we might not be able to hire the type and number of sales personnel, system and application engineers and marketing personnel we need.
In addition, we believe that our future success depends significantly on our ability to establish relationships successfully with a variety of distribution partners, such as original equipment manufacturers, value-added resellers and distributors, both domestically and internationally. To date, we have entered into agreements with two distributors in Japan, and we have entered into agreements with one sales representative in Italy. These distributors also sell products that compete with our products. We cannot be certain that we will be able to reach agreement with additional distribution partners or representatives on a timely basis or at all, or that our distribution partners and representatives will devote adequate resources to selling our products. Even if we enter into agreements with additional distribution partners or representatives, they may not result in increased product sales.
If we are unable to expand our direct and indirect sales operations, we may not be able to increase market awareness or sales of our products, which may prevent us from increasing our revenues.
IF THE INTERNET AND OTHER COMMUNICATION MEDIA DO NOT CONTINUE TO EXPAND AS A WIDESPREAD COMMUNICATION AND COMMERCE MEDIA, DEMAND FOR OUR PRODUCTS MAY DECLINE SIGNIFICANTLY.
Our future success depends on the continued growth of the Internet as a widely-used medium for commerce and communication and the continuing demand for increased bandwidth over communications networks. If the Internet does not continue to expand as a widespread communication medium and commercial marketplace, the need for significantly increased bandwidth across networks and the market for optical transmission products may not develop. As a result, it would be unlikely that our products would achieve commercial success.
IF THE COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY DOES NOT ACHIEVE A RAPID AND WIDESPREAD TRANSITION TO OPTICAL NETWORKS, OUR BUSINESS WILL NOT SUCCEED.
The market for our products is relatively new and evolving. Future demand for our products is uncertain and will depend to a great degree on the speed of the widespread adoption of optical networks. If the transition occurs too slowly or ceases altogether, the market for our products and the growth of our business will be significantly limited.
OUR MARKET IS NEW AND IS CHARACTERIZED BY RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES AND EVOLVING STANDARDS, AND IF WE DO NOT RESPOND IN A TIMELY MANNER, OUR PRODUCTS WILL NOT ACHIEVE MARKET ACCEPTANCE.
The communications market is characterized by rapid technological change, frequent new product introductions, changes in customer requirements and evolving industry standards. In developing our products, we have made, and will continue to make, assumptions with respect to which standards will be adopted within our industry. If the standards that are actually adopted are different from those that we have chosen to support, our products may not achieve significant market acceptance.
OUR STOCK PRICE IS HIGHLY VOLATILE.
The trading price of our common stock has fluctuated significantly since our initial public offering in February 2000 and is likely to remain volatile in the future. In addition, the trading price of our common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to many events or factors, including without limitation, the following:
- Quarterly variations in our operating results;
- Changes in financial estimates by securities analysts;
- Changes in market valuations or financial results of Telecommunications-related companies;
- Announcements by us or our competitors of technology innovations, new products or of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or joint ventures;
- Any deviation from projected growth rates in revenues, or decreases in our book to bill ratio,
- Any loss by us of a major customer or a major customer order;
- Additions or departures of key management or engineering personnel;
- Any deviations in our net revenues or in losses from levels expected by securities analysts;
- Activities of short sellers and risk arbitrageurs;
- Future sales of our common stock; and
- Volume fluctuations, which are particularly common among highly volatile securities of Telecommunications-related companies.
In addition, the stock market has experienced volatility that has particularly affected the market prices of equity securities of many high technology companies and that often has been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. As long as we continue to depend on a limited customer base, and particularly when a substantial majority of their purchases consist of a limited number of types of our products, there is substantial risk that our quarterly results will vary widely.
Furthermore, if our stockholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock, including shares issued upon exercise of outstanding options or warrants, in the public market during a short period of time, our stock price may decline significantly.
WE MAY IN THE FUTURE BE THE TARGET OF SECURITIES CLASS ACTION OR OTHER LITIGATION, WHICH COULD BE COSTLY AND TIME CONSUMING TO DEFEND.
In the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against a company following periods of volatility in the market price of its securities. We may in the future be targeted for similar litigation. Our acquisition activity may involve us in disputes from time to time. Litigation that may arise from these disputes may lead to volatility in our stock price or may result in our being the target of securities class action litigation. Securities litigation may result in substantial costs and divert management's attention and resources, which may seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
IF WE ARE UNABLE TO PROTECT OUR PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY, THIS TECHNOLOGY COULD BE MISAPPROPRIATED, WHICH WOULD MAKE IT DIFFICULT TO COMPETE IN OUR INDUSTRY.
We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. Although as of March 31, 2001, we had 17 U.S. patents issued or allowed and 1 foreign patent issued, we cannot assure you that the remaining 65 U.S. patent applications and 21 foreign patent applications that we have filed as of March 31, 2001 and have not been approved will be approved. In addition, we cannot assure you that any patents that have been issued or may issue will protect our intellectual property or that any patents issued will not be challenged by third parties. Much of our intellectual property is held has trade secrets, which requires much more monitoring and control mechanisms to protect. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our products or technology. Monitoring unauthorized use of our products is difficult, and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent misappropriation of our technology. Further, other parties may independently develop similar or competing technology or design around any patents that may be issued to us. We use various methods to attempt to protect our intellectual property rights. However, we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent the misappropriation of our intellectual property, particularly in foreign countries, such as China, where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States.
OUR PRODUCTS MAY INFRINGE ON THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES, WHICH MAY RESULT IN LAWSUITS AND PROHIBIT US FROM SELLING OUR PRODUCTS.
We believe there is a risk that third parties have filed, or will file applications for, or have received or will receive, patents or obtain additional intellectual property rights relating to materials or processes that we use or propose to use. As a result, from time to time, third parties may assert exclusive patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights to technologies that are important to us. In addition, third parties may assert claims or initiate litigation against us or our manufacturers, suppliers or customers with respect to existing or future products, trademarks or other proprietary rights. Any claims against us or customers that we indemnify against intellectual property claims, with or without merit, may be time-consuming, result in costly litigation and diversion of technical and management personnel or require us to develop non-infringing technology. If a claim is successful, we may be required to obtain a license or royalty agreement under the intellectual property rights of those parties claiming the infringement. If we are unable to obtain the license, we may be unable to market our products. Limitations on our ability to market our products and delays and costs associated with monetary damages and redesigns in compliance with an adverse judgment or settlement could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
IF NECESSARY LICENSES OF THIRD-PARTY TECHNOLOGY BECOME UNAVAILABLE TO US OR BECOME VERY EXPENSIVE, WE MAY BECOME UNABLE TO DEVELOP NEW PRODUCTS AND PRODUCT ENHANCEMENTS, WHICH WOULD PREVENT US FROM OPERATING OUR CURRENT BUSINESS.
From time to time we may be required to license technology from third parties to develop new products or product enhancements. We cannot assure you that third-party licenses will be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. The inability to obtain any third-party license required to develop new products and product enhancements could require us to obtain substitute technology of lower quality or performance standards or at greater cost, either of which could prevent us from operating our business.
We license technology from Fujitsu Limited that is critical to our PowerShaper product and other products that use their proprietary virtually imaged phased array technology. The license agreement is subject to termination upon the acquisition of more than a 50% interest in us by certain major communications system suppliers. Thus, if we are acquired by any of these specified companies, we will lose this license. The existence of this license termination provision may have an anti-takeover effect in that it would discourage those specified companies from acquiring us.
WE COULD BECOME SUBJECT TO LITIGATION REGARDING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, WHICH COULD DIVERT MANAGEMENT ATTENTION, CAUSE US TO INCUR SIGNIFICANT COSTS AND PREVENT US FROM SELLING OR USING THE CHALLENGED TECHNOLOGY.
In recent years, there has been significant litigation in the United States involving patents and other intellectual property rights. As a result of the proliferation of the Internet and other networking technologies, there has been, and we expect that there will continue to be, an increasing amount of this litigation in our industry. Many companies in the high-technology industry aggressively use their patent portfolios to bring infringement claims against their competitors. As a result, it is possible that we may be a party to litigation in the future to protect our intellectual property or as a result of an alleged infringement of others' intellectual property, or we may be subject to litigation to defend our intellectual property against infringement claims of others. These claims and any resulting lawsuit, if successful, could subject us to significant liability for damages and invalidation of our proprietary rights. These lawsuits, regardless of their success, would likely be time-consuming and expensive to resolve and would divert management time and attention. Any potential intellectual property litigation also could force us to do one or more of the following:
- Stop selling, incorporating or using our products that use the challenged intellectual property;
- Obtain from the owner of the infringed intellectual property right a license to sell or use the relevant technology, which license may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all; or
- Redesign the products that use the technology.
If we are forced to take any of these actions, our business may be seriously harmed. Although we carry general liability insurance, our insurance may not cover potential claims of this type or may not be adequate to indemnify us for all liability that may be imposed.
We may in the future initiate claims or litigation against third parties for infringement of our proprietary rights in order to determine the scope and validity of our proprietary rights or the proprietary rights of competitors. These claims could result in costly litigation and the diversion of our technical and management personnel.
IF WE BECOME SUBJECT TO UNFAIR HIRING CLAIMS, THESE CLAIMS COULD DIVERT THE ATTENTION OF OUR MANAGEMENT AWAY FROM OUR OPERATIONS AND COULD CAUSE US TO INCUR SUBSTANTIAL COSTS IN DEFENDING OURSELVES.
Companies in our industry whose employees accept positions with competitors frequently claim that their competitors have engaged in unfair hiring practices. For instance, in December 1999, E-Tek Dynamics, Inc. (E-Tek), now a subsidiary of JDS Uniphase, filed a lawsuit against us. E-Tek's complaint alleges that we participated in the illegal recruiting of E-Tek employees. Despite the fact that we believe this complaint is without merit, we may incur additional costs in defending this lawsuit, including management time and attention. We cannot assure you that we will not receive claims of this kind in the future as we seek to hire qualified personnel or that those claims will not result in litigation. We could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves against these claims, regardless of their merits or outcomes. In addition, defending ourselves from these claims could divert the attention of our management away from our operations.
IF WE ARE UNABLE TO RAISE ANY NEEDED ADDITIONAL CAPITAL, WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO GROW OUR BUSINESS, WHICH COULD LOWER THE VALUE OF YOUR INVESTMENT.
We may need to raise additional funds, and additional financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. We may also require additional capital to acquire or invest in complementary businesses or products or obtain the right to use complementary technologies. The development and marketing of new products and the expansion of our manufacturing facilities and associated support personnel will require a significant commitment of resources. In addition, if the market for photonic processors develops at a slower pace than we anticipate or if we fail to establish significant market share and achieve a significantly increased level of revenue, we may continue to incur significant operating losses and utilize significant amounts of capital. If cash from available sources is insufficient, or if cash is used for acquisitions or other unanticipated uses, we may need to raise additional capital. We cannot be certain that additional debt or equity capital will be available to us at all, or that, if it is available, it will be on terms favorable to us. Any inability to raise additional capital when we require it would seriously harm our business. Any additional issuance of equity or equity-related securities will dilute our existing stockholders' percentage ownership in us. In addition, if our stockholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock, including shares issued upon exercise of outstanding options or warrants, in the public market during a short period of time, our stock price may decline significantly, which would make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.
ACQUISITIONS AND INVESTMENTS MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR BUSINESS.
We regularly review acquisition and investment prospects that would complement our existing product offerings, augment our market coverage, secure supplies of critical materials or enhance our technological capabilities. For example, in July 2000, we acquired substantially all of the assets and certain liabilities of Holographix Inc. Acquisitions or investments could result in a number of financial consequences, including without limitation:
- Potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities;
- Large one-time write-offs;
- Reduced cash balances and related interest income;
- Higher fixed expenses which require a higher level of revenues to maintain gross margins;
- The incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities; and
- Amortization expenses related to goodwill and other intangible assets.
Furthermore, acquisitions involve numerous operational risks, including without limitation:
- Difficulties in the integration of operations, personnel, technologies, products and the information systems of the acquired companies;
- Diversion of management's attention from other business concerns;
- Diversion of resources from our existing businesses, products or technologies;
- Risks of entering geographic and business markets in which we have no or limited prior experience; and
- Potential loss of key employees of acquired organizations.
OUR CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION, OUR BYLAWS, DELAWARE LAW AND A LICENSE WE HAVE WITH A THIRD PARTY CONTAIN PROVISIONS THAT COULD DELAY OR PREVENT A CHANGE OF CONTROL OF US.
Certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition that a stockholder may consider favorable. These provisions include:
- Authorizing the board of directors to issue additional preferred stock;
- Prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors;
- Limiting the persons who may call special meetings of stockholders;
- Prohibiting stockholder action by written consent;
- Establishing advance notice requirements for nominations for election of the board of directors, or for proposing matters that can be acted on by stockholders at stockholder meetings; and
- Providing a staggered board of directors with staggered three-year terms for each of three groups.
We are also subject certain provisions of Delaware law which could delay, deter or prevent us from entering into an acquisition, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder unless specific conditions are met.
In addition, our license agreement with Fujitsu Limited could discourage certain companies from making a bid to acquire us because it terminates if certain major communications systems suppliers acquire us.
INSIDERS HAVE SUBSTANTIAL CONTROL OVER AND COULD DELAY OR PREVENT A CHANGE IN OUR CORPORATE CONTROL, WHICH MAY NEGATIVELY AFFECT YOUR INVESTMENT.
As of March 31, 2001, our executive officers, directors and entities affiliated with them, in the aggregate, beneficially owned approximately 20% of our outstanding common stock. These stockholders, if acting together, would be able to influence significantly all matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers or other business combination transactions.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investment portfolio. We place our investments with high credit issuers in short-term and long-term securities with maturities ranging from overnight up to 24 months. The average maturity of the portfolio will not exceed 18 months. The portfolio includes only marketable securities with active secondary or resale markets to ensure portfolio liquidity. We have no investments denominated in foreign country currencies and therefore our investments are not subject to foreign exchange risk.
The following table summarizes the expected maturity, average interest rate and fair market value of the short-term and long- term securities held by the Company as of March 31, 2001 (in thousands).
-------------------------------------------------
TOTAL FAIR
AMORTIZED MARKET
2001 2002 COST VALUE
-------------- ------------- -------------------
Held-to-maturity securities.. 108,332 13,227 121,559 122,169
Average interest rate........ 6.7% 6.0%
Exchange Rate Sensitivity
We operate primarily in the United States, and all sales to date have been made in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, there has not been any material exposure to foreign currency rate fluctuations.
PART II OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On December 7, 1999, before the effective date of our initial public offering, E-Tek Dynamics, Inc. (E-Tek), now a subsidiary of JDS Uniphase, filed a complaint with the Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara. E-Tek initially named us and Ma Li, a third party individual not associated with Avanex Corporation, as defendants in the complaint. E-Tek has recently amended its complaint to add Edward Ning, an employee of ours, as an additional named defendant.
E-Tek's complaint alleges that we, through Ma Li and Edward Ning, have participated in illegal recruitment of E-Tek employees. Specifically and without limitation, E-Tek alleges that we worked through Edward Ning, who then worked through Ma Li, to recruit and hire E-Tek employees in violation of Ma Li's agreement with E-Tek. Ma Li has agreed to a permanent injunction, and E-Tek has subsequently dismissed its case against Ma Li. E-Tek seeks a permanent injunction, damages to be determined at trial, and costs and attorney's fees. We believe that this allegation is without merit and intend to vigorously defend against it. We believe that this complaint will not have a material effect on our business.
ITEM 2. CHANGES IN SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-92097) was declared effective on February 3, 2000 and we commenced our initial public offering ("IPO") on February 4, 2000. In the IPO, we sold an aggregate of 6,900,000 shares of common stock (including 900,000 shares sold in connection with the exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option) at $36.00 per share. The sale of the shares of common stock generated aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $248.4 million for the company. The aggregate net proceeds were approximately $228.2 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $17.4 million and directly paying expenses of the offering of approximately $2.8 million. Concurrently with the completion of this offering, we sold to Microsoft Corporation and MCI WorldCom Venture Fund, an affiliate of WorldCom, an aggregate of 769,230 shares of our common stock for $13.00 per share. The proceeds from the sales of these shares were approximately $10 million.
Of the net proceeds, as of March 31, 2001, we have used approximately $35.9 million for general corporate purposes, including working capital and capital expenditures. Approximately $3.7 million of the proceeds were used to repay debt and capital lease obligations. Additionally, approximately $4.7 million of the proceeds were used during the acquisition of Holographix Inc.
In the future, we expect to use the net proceeds from the sale of the common stock for general corporate purposes, including working capital and capital expenditures. The amounts actually expended for such purposes may vary significantly and will depend on a number of factors, including our future revenues and cash generated by operations and the other factors described under "Risk Factors". Accordingly, we retain broad discretion in the allocation of the net proceeds of the offering. A portion of the net proceeds may also be used to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, technologies or product offerings; however, there are no current material agreements or commitments with respect to any such activities.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) List of Exhibits
None.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K:
Report on Form 8-K as filed on March 20, 2001 reports the promotion of Dr. Charles X. Mao to Senior Vice President, Sales and Marketing and reports the resignation of Peter Maguire, former Vice President of Worldwide Sales.
Report on Form 8-K as filed on April 13, 2001 reports preliminary financial results for the third quarter ended March 31, 2001.
Report on Form 8-K as filed on April 26, 2001 reports the third quarter earnings press release for the quarter ended March 31, 2001 and reports that Paul Engle, President and Chief Operating Officer, would become Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the company and Walter Alessandrini will retire as CEO, effective July 1, 2001.
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
AVANEX CORPORATION
/s/ Jessy Chao
Jessy Chao
Chief Financial Officer
(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal
Financial and Accounting Officer)
Dated: May 15, 2001
EXHIBIT INDEX
None.
