LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | NOTE 3 - LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The following table summarizes the Company’s loan portfolio by type of loan as of: March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Commercial and industrial $ 295,936 $ 314,067 Real estate: Construction and development 372,203 377,135 Commercial real estate 900,190 887,587 Farmland 190,802 185,817 1-4 family residential 499,944 493,061 Multi-family residential 44,760 45,147 Consumer 60,163 61,394 Agricultural 13,545 13,686 Overdrafts 270 282 Total loans 2,377,813 2,378,176 Net of: Deferred loan fees, net ( 1,620 ) ( 1,957 ) Allowance for credit losses ( 31,953 ) ( 31,974 ) Total net loans (1) $ 2,344,240 $ 2,344,245 (1) Excludes accrued interest receivable on loans of $ 7.7 million and $ 7.6 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which is presented separately on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s estimate of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The contractual term does not consider possible extensions, renewals or modifications. The following tables present the activity in the ACL by class of loans for the three months ended March 31, 2023, for the year ended December 31, 2022 and for the three months ended March 31, 2022: For the Three Months Ended Commercial Construction Commercial Farmland 1-4 family Multi-family Consumer Agricultural Overdrafts Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 4,382 $ 4,889 $ 12,658 $ 2,008 $ 6,617 $ 490 $ 778 $ 149 $ 3 $ 31,974 Provision for (reversal of) for credit losses ( 239 ) ( 25 ) 32 78 24 ( 11 ) 82 ( 4 ) 63 — Loans charged-off ( 3 ) — — — — — ( 7 ) ( 3 ) ( 81 ) ( 94 ) Recoveries 8 — — — — — 45 2 18 73 Ending balance $ 4,148 $ 4,864 $ 12,690 $ 2,086 $ 6,641 $ 479 $ 898 $ 144 $ 3 $ 31,953 For the Year Ended Commercial Construction Commercial Farmland 1-4 family Multi-family Consumer Agricultural Overdrafts Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 3,600 $ 4,221 $ 13,765 $ 1,698 $ 5,818 $ 396 $ 762 $ 169 $ 4 $ 30,433 (Reversal of) provision for credit losses 902 668 ( 1,108 ) 310 769 94 283 ( 20 ) 252 2,150 Loans charged-off ( 192 ) — — — — — ( 322 ) — ( 335 ) ( 849 ) Recoveries 72 — 1 — 30 — 55 — 82 240 Ending balance $ 4,382 $ 4,889 $ 12,658 $ 2,008 $ 6,617 $ 490 $ 778 $ 149 $ 3 $ 31,974 For the Three Months Ended Commercial Construction Commercial Farmland 1-4 family Multi-family Consumer Agricultural Overdrafts Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 3,600 $ 4,221 $ 13,765 $ 1,698 $ 5,818 $ 396 $ 762 $ 169 $ 4 30,433 Provision for (reversal of) credit losses 230 ( 323 ) ( 1,569 ) 302 ( 119 ) 60 146 ( 13 ) 36 ( 1,250 ) Loans charged-off ( 119 ) — — — — — ( 17 ) — ( 67 ) ( 203 ) Recoveries 39 — 1 — 30 — 16 — 30 116 Ending balance $ 3,750 $ 3,898 $ 12,197 $ 2,000 $ 5,729 $ 456 $ 907 $ 156 $ 3 $ 29,096 In the first quarter of 2022, all remaining COVID-specific qualitative factors were removed and a reverse provision of $ 1,250 was recorded to account for significant improvements in COVID-related health statistics and economic impacts through that time period. However, growth in the loan portfolio during subsequent quarters, as well as declines in economic outlooks in 2022 and an adjustment to qualitative factors for an expected 2023 recession resulted in a $ 2,150 provision expense for the year ended December 31, 2022. There was no provision for loan losses recorded in during the first quarter of 2023. The Company uses the weighted-average remaining maturity ("WARM") method as the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. The WARM method uses a historical average annual charge-off rate containing loss content over a historical lookback period and is used as a foundation for estimating the credit loss reserve for the remaining outstanding balances of loans in a segment at the balance sheet date. The average annual charge-off rate is applied to the contractual term, further adjusted for estimated prepayments, to determine the unadjusted historical charge-off rate. The calculation of the unadjusted historical charge-off rate is then adjusted, using qualitative factors, for current conditions and for reasonable and supportable forecast periods. Qualitative loss factors are based on the Company’s judgment of company, market, industry or business specific data, differences in loan-specific risk characteristics such as underwriting standards, portfolio mix, risk grades, delinquency level, or term. These qualitative factors serve to compensate for additional areas of uncertainty inherent in the portfolio that are not reflected in our historic loss factors. Additionally, we have adjusted for changes in expected environmental and economic conditions, such as changes in unemployment rates, property values, and other relevant factors over the next 12 to 24 months. Management adjusted the historical loss experience for these expectations. No reversion adjustments were necessary, as the starting point for the Company’s estimate was a cumulative loss rate covering the expected contractual term of the portfolio. The ACL is measured on a collective segment basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Our loan portfolio is segmented first by regulatory call report code, and second, by internally identified risk grades for our commercial loan segments and by delinquency status for our consumer loan segments. We also have separate segments for our warehouse lines of credit, for our internally originated SBA loans and for our SBA loans acquired from Westbound Bank. Consistent forecasts of the loss drivers are used across the loan segments. For loans that do not share general risk characteristics with segments, we estimate a specific reserve on an individual basis. A reserve is recorded when the carrying amount of the loan exceeds the discounted estimated cash flows using the loan's initial effective interest rate or the fair value of collateral for collateral-dependent loans. Assets are graded “pass” when the relationship exhibits acceptable credit risk and indicates repayment ability, tolerable collateral coverage and reasonable performance history. Lending relationships exhibiting potentially significant credit risk and marginal repayment ability and/or asset protection are graded “special mention.” Assets classified as “substandard” are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. Substandard graded loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets graded “doubtful” are substandard graded loans that have added characteristics that make collection or liquidation in full improbable. Loans that are on nonaccrual status are generally classified as substandard. In general, the loans in our portfolio have low historical credit losses. The Company closely monitors economic conditions and loan performance trends to manage and evaluate the exposure to credit risk. Key factors tracked by the Company and utilized in evaluating the credit quality of the loan portfolio include trends in delinquency ratios, the level of nonperforming assets, borrower’s repayment capacity, and collateral coverage. The following table summarizes the credit exposure in the Company’s loan portfolio, by year of origination, as of March 31, 2023: March 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Total Commercial and industrial: Pass $ 20,706 $ 86,053 $ 53,172 $ 17,774 $ 10,891 $ 16,203 $ 88,735 $ 293,534 Special mention — — — — 287 — 640 927 Substandard — 13 — 240 410 204 — 867 Nonaccrual — 135 343 75 — 31 24 608 Total commercial and industrial loans $ 20,706 $ 86,201 $ 53,515 $ 18,089 $ 11,588 $ 16,438 $ 89,399 $ 295,936 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ ( 3 ) $ — $ ( 3 ) Recoveries — — — — — 4 4 8 Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1 $ 4 $ 5 Construction and development: Pass $ 12,877 $ 177,829 $ 127,875 $ 16,879 $ 8,031 $ 13,573 $ 11,750 $ 368,814 Special mention — 893 — — — — — 893 Substandard — — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — 262 799 — — 1,435 — 2,496 Total construction and development loans $ 12,877 $ 178,984 $ 128,674 $ 16,879 $ 8,031 $ 15,008 $ 11,750 $ 372,203 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate: Pass $ 19,634 $ 356,222 $ 148,170 $ 85,555 $ 59,890 $ 194,906 $ 15,545 $ 879,922 Special mention — — — 1,291 — 5,961 — 7,252 Substandard — 1,617 — 262 — 4,181 — 6,060 Nonaccrual — — — — 87 6,869 — 6,956 Total commercial real estate loans $ 19,634 $ 357,839 $ 148,170 $ 87,108 $ 59,977 $ 211,917 $ 15,545 $ 900,190 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — March 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Total Farmland: Pass $ 10,605 $ 91,287 $ 50,961 $ 9,384 $ 6,530 $ 17,194 $ 4,642 $ 190,603 Special mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — 30 60 — 90 Nonaccrual — — — — — 109 — 109 Total farmland loans $ 10,605 $ 91,287 $ 50,961 $ 9,384 $ 6,560 $ 17,363 $ 4,642 $ 190,802 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 1-4 family residential: Pass $ 13,428 $ 144,109 $ 130,185 $ 48,171 $ 29,331 $ 110,684 $ 20,781 $ 496,689 Special mention — — 45 — 47 123 — 215 Substandard — — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — 300 429 183 112 1,316 700 3,040 Total 1-4 family residential loans $ 13,428 $ 144,409 $ 130,659 $ 48,354 $ 29,490 $ 112,123 $ 21,481 $ 499,944 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Multi-family residential: Pass $ — $ 18,146 $ 18,225 $ 2,438 $ 4,182 $ 1,678 $ 91 $ 44,760 Special mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — — — — — — — — Total multi-family residential loans $ — $ 18,146 $ 18,225 $ 2,438 $ 4,182 $ 1,678 $ 91 $ 44,760 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — March 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Total Consumer and overdrafts: Pass $ 7,309 $ 27,868 $ 9,807 $ 4,593 $ 1,370 $ 3,084 $ 6,201 $ 60,232 Special mention — 10 9 — 19 9 — 47 Substandard — — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — 22 79 25 10 18 — 154 Total consumer loans and overdrafts $ 7,309 $ 27,900 $ 9,895 $ 4,618 $ 1,399 $ 3,111 $ 6,201 $ 60,433 Charge-offs $ ( 81 ) $ ( 4 ) $ ( 3 ) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ ( 88 ) Recoveries 18 — 1 — — 4 40 63 Current period net $ ( 63 ) $ ( 4 ) $ ( 2 ) $ — $ — $ 4 $ 40 $ ( 25 ) Agricultural: Pass $ 652 $ 2,503 $ 1,483 $ 929 $ 459 $ 716 $ 6,736 $ 13,478 Special mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 25 — 25 Nonaccrual — — — — — 42 — 42 Total agricultural loans $ 652 $ 2,503 $ 1,483 $ 929 $ 459 $ 783 $ 6,736 $ 13,545 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ ( 3 ) $ — $ ( 3 ) Recoveries — — — — — 2 — 2 Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ ( 1 ) $ — $ ( 1 ) Total loans: Pass $ 85,211 $ 904,017 $ 539,878 $ 185,723 $ 120,684 $ 358,038 $ 154,481 $ 2,348,032 Special mention — 903 54 1,291 353 6,093 640 9,334 Substandard — 1,630 — 502 440 4,470 — 7,042 Nonaccrual — 719 1,650 283 209 9,820 724 13,405 Total loans $ 85,211 $ 907,269 $ 541,582 $ 187,799 $ 121,686 $ 378,421 $ 155,845 $ 2,377,813 Charge-offs $ ( 81 ) $ ( 4 ) $ ( 3 ) $ — $ — $ ( 6 ) $ — $ ( 94 ) Recoveries 18 — 1 — — 10 44 73 Total current period net (charge-offs) recoveries $ ( 63 ) $ ( 4 ) $ ( 2 ) $ — $ — $ 4 $ 44 $ ( 21 ) The following table summarizes the credit exposure in the Company’s loan portfolio, by year of origination, as of December 31, 2022: December 31, 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Total Commercial and industrial: Pass $ 99,750 $ 57,854 $ 19,577 $ 11,797 $ 4,172 $ 12,907 $ 105,628 $ 311,685 Special mention — 131 — 333 — — 905 1,369 Substandard 14 — 246 423 192 23 — 898 Nonaccrual 72 33 10 — — — — 115 Total commercial and industrial loans $ 99,836 $ 58,018 $ 19,833 $ 12,553 $ 4,364 $ 12,930 $ 106,533 $ 314,067 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ ( 67 ) $ — $ — $ — $ ( 125 ) $ ( 192 ) Recoveries — — — — — 32 40 72 Current period net $ — $ — $ ( 67 ) $ — $ — $ 32 $ ( 85 ) $ ( 120 ) Construction and development: Pass $ 179,501 $ 138,388 $ 17,361 $ 8,697 $ 3,443 $ 10,535 $ 16,870 $ 374,795 Special mention 905 — — — — — — 905 Substandard — — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — — — — 1,435 — — 1,435 Total construction and development loans $ 180,406 $ 138,388 $ 17,361 $ 8,697 $ 4,878 $ 10,535 $ 16,870 $ 377,135 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate: Pass $ 347,162 $ 147,986 $ 86,897 $ 63,988 $ 51,002 $ 158,384 $ 12,007 $ 867,426 Special mention — — 1,300 — 2,594 3,427 — 7,321 Substandard 1,336 — — — 26 4,207 — 5,569 Nonaccrual — — 251 96 — 6,924 — 7,271 Total commercial real estate loans $ 348,498 $ 147,986 $ 88,448 $ 64,084 $ 53,622 $ 172,942 $ 12,007 $ 887,587 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — 1 — — 1 Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1 $ — $ — $ 1 December 31, 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Total Farmland: Pass $ 93,128 $ 51,912 $ 10,284 $ 6,646 $ 5,956 $ 11,741 $ 5,948 $ 185,615 Special mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — 31 — 62 — 93 Nonaccrual — — — — — 109 — 109 Total farmland loans $ 93,128 $ 51,912 $ 10,284 $ 6,677 $ 5,956 $ 11,912 $ 5,948 $ 185,817 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 1-4 family residential: Pass $ 143,268 $ 128,957 $ 50,140 $ 30,068 $ 27,104 $ 89,678 $ 21,956 $ 491,171 Special mention — — 43 — — 156 — 199 Substandard — — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — 148 — 116 118 1,309 — 1,691 Total 1-4 family residential loans $ 143,268 $ 129,105 $ 50,183 $ 30,184 $ 27,222 $ 91,143 $ 21,956 $ 493,061 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — 30 — 30 Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 30 $ — $ 30 Multi-family residential: Pass $ 18,183 $ 18,331 $ 2,463 $ 4,216 $ 878 $ 985 $ 91 $ 45,147 Special mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — — — — — — — — Total multi-family residential loans $ 18,183 $ 18,331 $ 2,463 $ 4,216 $ 878 $ 985 $ 91 $ 45,147 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — December 31, 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Total Consumer and overdrafts: Pass $ 32,817 $ 11,789 $ 5,455 $ 1,835 $ 3,079 $ 473 $ 6,008 $ 61,456 Special mention 14 4 — 28 4 — — 50 Substandard — — — — — — — — Nonaccrual 17 93 21 12 23 4 — 170 Total consumer loans and overdrafts $ 32,848 $ 11,886 $ 5,476 $ 1,875 $ 3,106 $ 477 $ 6,008 $ 61,676 Charge-offs $ ( 335 ) $ ( 26 ) $ ( 25 ) $ ( 21 ) $ — $ — $ ( 250 ) $ ( 657 ) Recoveries 83 3 6 11 1 33 — 137 Current period net $ ( 252 ) $ ( 23 ) $ ( 19 ) $ ( 10 ) $ 1 $ 33 $ ( 250 ) $ ( 520 ) Agricultural: Pass $ 3,148 $ 1,914 $ 984 $ 491 $ 392 $ 422 $ 6,243 $ 13,594 Special mention — — — — — 3 — 3 Substandard — — — — — 32 — 32 Nonaccrual — — — — 4 53 — 57 Total agricultural loans $ 3,148 $ 1,914 $ 984 $ 491 $ 396 $ 510 $ 6,243 $ 13,686 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Total loans: Pass $ 916,957 $ 557,131 $ 193,161 $ 127,738 $ 96,026 $ 285,125 $ 174,751 $ 2,350,889 Special mention 919 135 1,343 361 2,598 3,586 905 9,847 Substandard 1,350 — 246 454 218 4,324 — 6,592 Nonaccrual 89 274 282 224 1,580 8,399 — 10,848 Total loans $ 919,315 $ 557,540 $ 195,032 $ 128,777 $ 100,422 $ 301,434 $ 175,656 $ 2,378,176 Charge-offs $ ( 335 ) $ ( 26 ) $ ( 92 ) $ ( 21 ) $ — $ — $ ( 375 ) $ ( 849 ) Recoveries 83 3 6 11 2 95 40 240 Total current period net charge-offs $ ( 252 ) $ ( 23 ) $ ( 86 ) $ ( 10 ) $ 2 $ 95 $ ( 335 ) $ ( 609 ) There were no loans classified in the “doubtful” or “loss” risk rating categories as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. There were no individually evaluated collateral-dependent loans within the ACL model as of March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022. The following tables summarize the payment status of loans in the Company’s total loan portfolio, including an aging of delinquent loans and loans 90 days or more past due continuing to accrue interest as of: March 31, 2023 30 to 59 Days 60 to 89 Days 90 Days Total Current Total Recorded Commercial and industrial $ 449 $ 79 $ 208 $ 736 $ 295,200 $ 295,936 $ — Real estate: Construction and 1,347 — 2,306 3,653 368,550 372,203 — Commercial real 353 — 6,675 7,028 893,162 900,190 — Farmland 129 97 — 226 190,576 190,802 — 1-4 family residential 2,586 290 1,840 4,716 495,228 499,944 — Multi-family residential — — — — 44,760 44,760 — Consumer 697 78 81 856 59,307 60,163 — Agricultural — 40 — 40 13,505 13,545 — Overdrafts — — — — 270 270 — Total $ 5,561 $ 584 $ 11,110 $ 17,255 $ 2,360,558 $ 2,377,813 $ — December 31, 2022 30 to 59 Days 60 to 89 Days 90 Days Total Current Total Recorded Commercial and industrial $ 440 $ 44 $ 105 $ 589 $ 313,478 $ 314,067 $ — Real estate: Construction and 258 73 1,435 1,766 375,369 377,135 — Commercial real 882 354 6,708 7,944 879,643 887,587 — Farmland 129 79 — 208 185,609 185,817 — 1-4 family residential 2,101 547 572 3,220 489,841 493,061 — Multi-family residential — — — — 45,147 45,147 — Consumer 164 118 70 352 61,042 61,394 — Agricultural 37 10 — 47 13,639 13,686 — Overdrafts — — — — 282 282 — Total $ 4,011 $ 1,225 $ 8,890 $ 14,126 $ 2,364,050 $ 2,378,176 $ — The following table presents information regarding nonaccrual loans as of: March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Commercial and industrial $ 608 $ 115 Real estate: Construction and development 2,496 1,435 Commercial real estate 6,956 7,271 Farmland 109 109 1-4 family residential 3,040 1,691 Consumer and overdrafts 154 170 Agricultural 42 57 Total $ 13,405 $ 10,848 There were no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were classified as nonaccrual. Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (“ASU 2022-02”) effective January 1, 2023. The amendments in ASU 2022-02 eliminated the recognition and measure of troubled debt restructurings and enhanced disclosures for loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the three months ended March 31, 2023: For the Three Months Ended Term Total Class of Financing Receivable Consumer $ 49 0.1 % Total loans $ 49 0.1 % The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2023: Term Extension Loan Type Financial Effect Consumer Amortization period was extended by a weighted-average period of 7.2 years. The following table provides an age analysis of loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficult that were modified on or after our ASU 2022-02 adoption date of January 1, 2023: Current 30 to 89 Days 90 Days Consumer 49 — — Total loans $ 49 $ — $ — As of March 31, 2023, the Company did not have any loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the first quarter of 2023 that subsequently defaulted. There were no loans restructured during the three months ended March 31, 2022. |