LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | NOTE 3 - LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The following table summarizes the Company’s loan portfolio by type of loan as of: March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Commercial and industrial $ 269,560 $ 287,565 Real estate: Construction and development 273,300 296,639 Commercial real estate 906,684 923,195 Farmland 180,502 186,295 1-4 family residential 523,573 514,603 Multi-family residential 44,569 44,292 Consumer 54,375 57,059 Agricultural 12,418 12,685 Overdrafts 276 243 Total loans 2,265,257 2,322,576 Net of: Deferred loan fees, net ( 685 ) ( 775 ) Allowance for credit losses ( 30,560 ) ( 30,920 ) Total net loans (1) $ 2,234,012 $ 2,290,881 (1) Excludes accrued interest receivable on loans of $ 8.9 million and $ 9.5 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which is presented separately on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s estimate of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the assets, adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate. The contractual term does not consider possible extensions, renewals or modifications. The following tables present the activity in the ACL by class of loans for the three months ended March 31, 2024, for the year ended December 31, 2023 and for the three months ended March 31, 2023: For the Three Months Ended Commercial Construction Commercial Farmland 1-4 family Multi-family Consumer Agricultural Overdrafts Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 3,719 $ 3,623 $ 12,257 $ 2,231 $ 7,470 $ 521 $ 945 $ 152 $ 2 $ 30,920 Provision for (reversal of) credit losses 67 ( 363 ) 19 ( 27 ) 215 ( 4 ) ( 194 ) ( 6 ) 43 ( 250 ) Loans charged-off ( 216 ) — — — — — ( 35 ) — ( 59 ) ( 310 ) Recoveries 174 — — — — — 7 2 17 200 Ending balance $ 3,744 $ 3,260 $ 12,276 $ 2,204 $ 7,685 $ 517 $ 723 $ 148 $ 3 $ 30,560 For the Year Ended Commercial Construction Commercial Farmland 1-4 family Multi-family Consumer Agricultural Overdrafts Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 4,382 $ 4,889 $ 12,658 $ 2,008 $ 6,617 $ 490 $ 778 $ 149 $ 3 $ 31,974 (Reversal of) provision for credit losses ( 209 ) ( 1,266 ) ( 124 ) 223 853 31 238 4 250 — Loans charged-off ( 473 ) — ( 277 ) — — — ( 139 ) ( 3 ) ( 312 ) ( 1,204 ) Recoveries 19 — — — — — 68 2 61 150 Ending balance $ 3,719 $ 3,623 $ 12,257 $ 2,231 $ 7,470 $ 521 $ 945 $ 152 $ 2 $ 30,920 For the Three Months Ended Commercial Construction Commercial Farmland 1-4 family Multi-family Consumer Agricultural Overdrafts Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 4,382 $ 4,889 $ 12,658 $ 2,008 $ 6,617 $ 490 $ 778 $ 149 $ 3 31,974 (Reversal of) provision for credit losses ( 239 ) ( 25 ) 32 78 24 ( 11 ) 82 ( 4 ) 63 — Loans charged-off ( 3 ) — — — — — ( 7 ) ( 3 ) ( 81 ) ( 94 ) Recoveries 8 — — — — — 45 2 18 73 Ending balance $ 4,148 $ 4,864 $ 12,690 $ 2,086 $ 6,641 $ 479 $ 898 $ 144 $ 3 $ 31,953 We recorded a $ 250,000 reversal to our provision for credit losses during the first quarter of 2024. Our loan balances decreased $ 57.3 million during the quarter, while credit quality trends remained relatively stable and the qualitative factors used to account for changes in economic conditions and expected losses were adjusted in 2023. Those assumptions remain relevant in the current quarter, thus no additional qualitative factor adjustments were made in the current quarter. The Company uses the weighted-average remaining maturity ("WARM") method as the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. The WARM method uses a historical average annual charge-off rate containing loss content over a historical lookback period and is used as a foundation for estimating the credit loss reserve for the remaining outstanding balances of loans in a segment at the balance sheet date. The average annual charge-off rate is applied to the contractual term, further adjusted for estimated prepayments, to determine the unadjusted historical charge-off rate. The calculation of the unadjusted historical charge-off rate is then adjusted, using qualitative factors, for current conditions and for reasonable and supportable forecast periods. Qualitative loss factors are based on the Company’s judgment of company, market, industry or business specific data, differences in loan-specific risk characteristics such as underwriting standards, portfolio mix, risk grades, delinquency level, or term. These qualitative factors serve to compensate for additional areas of uncertainty inherent in the portfolio that are not reflected in our historic loss factors. Additionally, we have adjusted for changes in expected environmental and economic conditions, such as changes in unemployment rates, property values, and other relevant factors over the next 12 to 24 months. Management adjusted the historical loss experience for these expectations. No reversion adjustments were necessary, as the starting point for the Company’s estimate was a cumulative loss rate covering the expected contractual term of the portfolio. The ACL is measured on a collective segment basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Our loan portfolio is segmented first by regulatory call report code, and second, by internally identified risk grades for our commercial loan segments and by delinquency status for our consumer loan segments. We also have separate segments for our internally originated SBA loans and for our SBA loans acquired from Westbound Bank. Consistent forecasts of the loss drivers are used across the loan segments. For loans that do not share general risk characteristics with segments, we estimate a specific reserve on an individual basis. A reserve is recorded when the carrying amount of the loan exceeds the discounted estimated cash flows using the loan's initial effective interest rate or the fair value of collateral for collateral-dependent loans. Assets are graded “pass” when the relationship exhibits acceptable credit risk and indicates repayment ability, tolerable collateral coverage and reasonable performance history. Lending relationships exhibiting potentially significant credit risk and marginal repayment ability and/or asset protection are graded “special mention.” Assets classified as “substandard” are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. Substandard graded loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets graded “doubtful” are substandard graded loans that have added characteristics that make collection or liquidation in full improbable. Loans that are on nonaccrual status are generally classified as substandard. In general, the loans in our portfolio have low historical credit losses. The Company closely monitors economic conditions and loan performance trends to manage and evaluate the exposure to credit risk. Key factors tracked by the Company and utilized in evaluating the credit quality of the loan portfolio include trends in delinquency ratios, the level of nonperforming assets, borrower’s repayment capacity, and collateral coverage. The following table summarizes the credit exposure in the Company’s loan portfolio, by year of origination, as of March 31, 2024: March 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Total Commercial and industrial: Pass $ 7,894 $ 36,490 $ 65,398 $ 36,745 $ 12,123 $ 19,193 $ 88,921 $ 266,764 Special mention — — 9 88 — 82 — 179 Substandard — 490 255 33 990 566 — 2,334 Nonaccrual — 51 126 — 7 87 12 283 Total commercial and industrial loans $ 7,894 $ 37,031 $ 65,788 $ 36,866 $ 13,120 $ 19,928 $ 88,933 $ 269,560 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ ( 216 ) $ — $ — $ ( 216 ) Recoveries — — — — — 174 — 174 Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ ( 216 ) $ 174 $ — $ ( 42 ) Construction and development: Pass $ 12,766 $ 78,785 $ 94,439 $ 55,898 $ 6,243 $ 18,042 $ 6,624 $ 272,797 Special mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — 187 — — 67 — 254 Nonaccrual 73 132 — — — 44 — 249 Total construction and development loans $ 12,839 $ 78,917 $ 94,626 $ 55,898 $ 6,243 $ 18,153 $ 6,624 $ 273,300 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate: Pass $ 10,388 $ 55,208 $ 359,523 $ 146,488 $ 79,919 $ 215,062 $ 14,692 $ 881,280 Special mention — — 12,325 — — 4,494 — 16,819 Substandard — — 1,296 7,063 — 226 — 8,585 Nonaccrual — — — — — — — — Total commercial real estate loans $ 10,388 $ 55,208 $ 373,144 $ 153,551 $ 79,919 $ 219,782 $ 14,692 $ 906,684 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — March 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Total Farmland: Pass $ 1,089 $ 23,045 $ 73,513 $ 45,185 $ 7,989 $ 20,445 $ 8,459 $ 179,725 Special mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — 48 — 76 — 124 Nonaccrual — — — 256 104 293 — 653 Total farmland loans $ 1,089 $ 23,045 $ 73,513 $ 45,489 $ 8,093 $ 20,814 $ 8,459 $ 180,502 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 1-4 family residential: Pass $ 14,126 $ 62,059 $ 143,318 $ 117,522 $ 41,147 $ 118,567 $ 22,114 $ 518,853 Special mention — — — 72 — 19 — 91 Substandard — — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — — — 1,245 371 2,847 166 4,629 Total 1-4 family residential loans $ 14,126 $ 62,059 $ 143,318 $ 118,839 $ 41,518 $ 121,433 $ 22,280 $ 523,573 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Multi-family residential: Pass $ — $ 1,971 $ 19,946 $ 15,047 $ 2,337 $ 5,261 $ 7 $ 44,569 Special mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — — — — — — — — Total multi-family residential loans $ — $ 1,971 $ 19,946 $ 15,047 $ 2,337 $ 5,261 $ 7 $ 44,569 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — March 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Total Consumer and overdrafts: Pass $ 6,817 $ 21,293 $ 12,771 $ 4,987 $ 2,033 $ 2,630 $ 3,830 $ 54,361 Special mention — 27 7 — — 9 — 43 Substandard — — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — 29 80 72 23 43 — 247 Total consumer loans and overdrafts $ 6,817 $ 21,349 $ 12,858 $ 5,059 $ 2,056 $ 2,682 $ 3,830 $ 54,651 Charge-offs $ ( 59 ) $ ( 20 ) $ ( 8 ) $ — $ — $ ( 7 ) $ — $ ( 94 ) Recoveries 17 — — 2 3 2 — 24 Current period net $ ( 42 ) $ ( 20 ) $ ( 8 ) $ 2 $ 3 $ ( 5 ) $ — $ ( 70 ) Agricultural: Pass $ 689 $ 1,612 $ 1,702 $ 1,001 $ 636 $ 804 $ 5,855 $ 12,299 Special mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 19 — 19 Nonaccrual — — — — — 100 — 100 Total agricultural loans $ 689 $ 1,612 $ 1,702 $ 1,001 $ 636 $ 923 $ 5,855 $ 12,418 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — 2 — 2 Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 2 $ — $ 2 Total loans: Pass $ 53,769 $ 280,463 $ 770,610 $ 422,873 $ 152,427 $ 400,004 $ 150,502 $ 2,230,648 Special mention — 27 12,341 160 — 4,604 — 17,132 Substandard — 490 1,738 7,144 990 954 — 11,316 Nonaccrual 73 212 206 1,573 505 3,414 178 6,161 Total loans $ 53,842 $ 281,192 $ 784,895 $ 431,750 $ 153,922 $ 408,976 $ 150,680 $ 2,265,257 Charge-offs $ ( 59 ) $ ( 20 ) $ ( 8 ) $ — $ ( 216 ) $ ( 7 ) $ — $ ( 310 ) Recoveries 17 — — 2 3 178 — 200 Total current period net (charge-offs) recoveries $ ( 42 ) $ ( 20 ) $ ( 8 ) $ 2 $ ( 213 ) $ 171 $ — $ ( 110 ) The following table summarizes the credit exposure in the Company’s loan portfolio, by year of origination, as of December 31, 2023: December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Total Commercial and industrial: Pass $ 42,646 $ 72,376 $ 38,328 $ 12,864 $ 8,249 $ 12,524 $ 96,215 $ 283,202 Special mention — 16 132 958 147 — 250 1,503 Substandard — 190 — 370 370 153 — 1,083 Nonaccrual — 129 1,528 7 — 79 34 1,777 Total commercial and industrial loans $ 42,646 $ 72,711 $ 39,988 $ 14,199 $ 8,766 $ 12,756 $ 96,499 $ 287,565 Charge-offs $ ( 79 ) $ — $ ( 25 ) $ ( 41 ) $ ( 31 ) $ ( 4 ) $ ( 293 ) $ ( 473 ) Recoveries — — — — — 4 15 19 Current period net $ ( 79 ) $ — $ ( 25 ) $ ( 41 ) $ ( 31 ) $ — $ ( 278 ) $ ( 454 ) Construction and development: Pass $ 86,641 $ 112,347 $ 62,548 $ 7,074 $ 5,915 $ 12,504 $ 9,237 $ 296,266 Special mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — 189 — — — 67 — 256 Nonaccrual — 73 — — — 44 — 117 Total construction and development loans $ 86,641 $ 112,609 $ 62,548 $ 7,074 $ 5,915 $ 12,615 $ 9,237 $ 296,639 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate: Pass $ 46,655 $ 368,933 $ 149,536 $ 81,765 $ 54,100 $ 176,509 $ 15,065 $ 892,563 Special mention — 7,000 — — — 333 — 7,333 Substandard — 15,831 6,950 — 49 337 — 23,167 Nonaccrual — — — — 32 100 — 132 Total commercial real estate loans $ 46,655 $ 391,764 $ 156,486 $ 81,765 $ 54,181 $ 177,279 $ 15,065 $ 923,195 Charge-offs $ ( 190 ) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ ( 87 ) $ — $ ( 277 ) Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ ( 190 ) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ ( 87 ) $ — $ ( 277 ) December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Total Farmland: Pass $ 25,009 $ 77,371 $ 46,817 $ 8,556 $ 5,599 $ 15,850 $ 6,849 $ 186,051 Special mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — 27 53 — 80 Nonaccrual — — — — — 164 — 164 Total farmland loans $ 25,009 $ 77,371 $ 46,817 $ 8,556 $ 5,626 $ 16,067 $ 6,849 $ 186,295 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 1-4 family residential: Pass $ 57,348 $ 143,992 $ 120,964 $ 42,535 $ 28,764 $ 95,198 $ 22,146 $ 510,947 Special mention — — — — — 863 — 863 Substandard — — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — — 1,249 53 175 1,316 — 2,793 Total 1-4 family residential loans $ 57,348 $ 143,992 $ 122,213 $ 42,588 $ 28,939 $ 97,377 $ 22,146 $ 514,603 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Multi-family residential: Pass $ 1,984 $ 18,041 $ 16,496 $ 2,363 $ 3,862 $ 1,492 $ 54 $ 44,292 Special mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — — — — — — — — Total multi-family residential loans $ 1,984 $ 18,041 $ 16,496 $ 2,363 $ 3,862 $ 1,492 $ 54 $ 44,292 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Total Consumer and overdrafts: Pass $ 26,161 $ 15,181 $ 5,840 $ 2,449 $ 589 $ 2,307 $ 4,488 $ 57,015 Special mention 6 26 5 — — — — 37 Substandard — — — — — — — — Nonaccrual 19 52 75 25 42 37 — 250 Total consumer loans and overdrafts $ 26,186 $ 15,259 $ 5,920 $ 2,474 $ 631 $ 2,344 $ 4,488 $ 57,302 Charge-offs $ ( 346 ) $ ( 38 ) $ ( 51 ) $ ( 11 ) $ ( 5 ) $ — $ — $ ( 451 ) Recoveries 61 — 4 1 — 23 40 129 Current period net $ ( 285 ) $ ( 38 ) $ ( 47 ) $ ( 10 ) $ ( 5 ) $ 23 $ 40 $ ( 322 ) Agricultural: Pass $ 1,857 $ 1,962 $ 1,078 $ 685 $ 236 $ 604 $ 5,879 $ 12,301 Special mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 25 — 25 Nonaccrual — — 256 — 74 29 — 359 Total agricultural loans $ 1,857 $ 1,962 $ 1,334 $ 685 $ 310 $ 658 $ 5,879 $ 12,685 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ ( 3 ) $ — $ ( 3 ) Recoveries — — — — — 2 — 2 Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ ( 1 ) $ — $ ( 1 ) Total loans: Pass $ 288,301 $ 810,203 $ 441,607 $ 158,291 $ 107,314 $ 316,988 $ 159,933 $ 2,282,637 Special mention 6 7,042 137 958 147 1,196 250 9,736 Substandard — 16,210 6,950 370 446 635 — 24,611 Nonaccrual 19 254 3,108 85 323 1,769 34 5,592 Total loans $ 288,326 $ 833,709 $ 451,802 $ 159,704 $ 108,230 $ 320,588 $ 160,217 $ 2,322,576 Charge-offs $ ( 615 ) $ ( 38 ) $ ( 76 ) $ ( 52 ) $ ( 36 ) $ ( 94 ) $ ( 293 ) $ ( 1,204 ) Recoveries 61 — 4 1 — 29 55 150 Total current period net charge-offs $ ( 554 ) $ ( 38 ) $ ( 72 ) $ ( 51 ) $ ( 36 ) $ ( 65 ) $ ( 238 ) $ ( 1,054 ) There were no loans classified in the “doubtful” or “loss” risk rating categories as of March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. There were no individually evaluated collateral-dependent loans within the ACL model as of March 31, 2024. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of individually evaluated collateral-dependent loans within the ACL model as of December 31, 2023. December 31, 2023 Real Estate Non-RE Total Allowance for Credit Losses Allocation Commercial and industrial $ — $ 217 $ 217 $ 217 Real estate: Construction and development — — — — Commercial real estate 14,527 — 14,527 — Total $ 14,527 $ 217 $ 14,744 $ 217 The following tables summarize the payment status of loans in the Company’s total loan portfolio, including an aging of delinquent loans and loans 90 days or more past due continuing to accrue interest as of: March 31, 2024 30 to 59 Days 60 to 89 Days 90 Days Total Current Total Recorded Commercial and industrial $ 643 $ 127 $ 130 $ 900 $ 268,660 $ 269,560 $ — Real estate: Construction and 94 — 176 270 273,030 273,300 — Commercial real 454 576 — 1,030 905,654 906,684 — Farmland 2,311 — 251 2,562 177,940 180,502 — 1-4 family residential 2,165 266 3,257 5,688 517,885 523,573 — Multi-family residential — — — — 44,569 44,569 — Consumer 264 59 153 476 53,899 54,375 — Agricultural 73 — 29 102 12,316 12,418 — Overdrafts — — — — 276 276 — Total $ 6,004 $ 1,028 $ 3,996 $ 11,028 $ 2,254,229 $ 2,265,257 $ — December 31, 2023 30 to 59 Days 60 to 89 Days 90 Days Total Current Total Recorded Commercial and industrial $ 621 $ 30 $ 1,656 $ 2,307 $ 285,258 $ 287,565 $ — Real estate: Construction and 315 288 117 720 295,919 296,639 — Commercial real 356 — 132 488 922,707 923,195 — Farmland 226 84 — 310 185,985 186,295 — 1-4 family residential 2,827 1,110 1,612 5,549 509,054 514,603 — Multi-family residential — — — — 44,292 44,292 — Consumer 169 77 162 408 56,651 57,059 — Agricultural 16 — — 16 12,669 12,685 — Overdrafts — — — — 243 243 — Total $ 4,530 $ 1,589 $ 3,679 $ 9,798 $ 2,312,778 $ 2,322,576 $ — The following table presents information regarding nonaccrual loans as of: March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Commercial and industrial $ 283 $ 1,777 Real estate: Construction and development 249 117 Commercial real estate — 132 Farmland 653 164 1-4 family residential 4,629 2,793 Consumer and overdrafts 247 250 Agricultural 100 359 Total $ 6,161 $ 5,592 There were no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were classified as nonaccrual. There were no nonaccrual loans for which there was no related allowance at March 31, 2024. Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the three months ended March 31, 2023. No loan modifications were made during the three months ended March 31, 2024. For the Three Months Ended Term Total Class of Financing Receivable Consumer $ 49 0.08 % Total loans $ 49 0.00 % The following tables present the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2023: Loan Type Financial Effect Consumer Amortization period was extended by a weighted-average period of 7.2 years. The following table provides an age analysis of loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that have been modified during the last twelve months and continue to experience financial difficulty as of March 31, 2024: Current 30 to 89 Days 90 Days Commercial and industrial $ 792 $ — $ — 1-4 family residential 53 — — Consumer 9 — — Total loans $ 854 $ — $ — As of March 31, 2024, the Company did not have any loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 t hat subsequently defaulted. |