LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | NOTE 3 - LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The following table summarizes the Company’s loan portfolio by type of loan as of: June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Commercial and industrial $ 522,248 $ 279,583 Real estate: Construction and development 265,982 280,498 Commercial real estate 606,061 567,360 Farmland 77,625 57,476 1-4 family residential 383,590 412,166 Multi-family residential 29,692 37,379 Consumer 52,986 53,245 Agricultural 18,981 18,359 Overdrafts 275 329 Total loans (1) 1,957,440 1,706,395 Net of: Deferred loan (fees) costs, net (4,120 ) 601 Allowance for credit losses (34,119 ) (16,202 ) Total net loans (1) $ 1,919,201 $ 1,690,794 (1) Excludes accrued interest receivable on loans of $8.9 million and $6.4 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, which is presented on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s estimate of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications unless the Company has identified an expected troubled debt restructuring. The following tables present the activity in the ACL by class of loans for the six months ended June 30, 2020, and the activity in the allowance for loan loss by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2019 and for the six months ended June 30, 2019: For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 Commercial and industrial Construction and development Commercial real estate Farmland 1-4 family residential Multi-family residential Consumer Agricultural Overdrafts Specific unallocated COVID-19 reserve Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance, prior to adoption of ASC 326 $ 2,056 $ 2,378 $ 6,853 $ 570 $ 3,125 $ 409 $ 602 $ 197 $ 12 $ — $ 16,202 Impact of adopting ASC 326 546 323 2,228 26 1,339 (50 ) 72 73 (9 ) — 4,548 Provision for credit losses 1,491 2,193 6,567 654 1,729 245 364 114 60 83 13,500 Loans charged-off (43 ) — — — (59 ) — (80 ) (18 ) (83 ) — (283 ) Recoveries 86 — — — 2 — 17 20 27 — 152 Ending balance $ 4,136 $ 4,894 $ 15,648 $ 1,250 $ 6,136 $ 604 $ 975 $ 386 $ 7 $ 83 $ 34,119 For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 Commercial and industrial Construction and development Commercial real estate Farmland 1-4 family residential Multi-family residential Consumer Agricultural Overdrafts Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 1,751 $ 1,920 $ 6,025 $ 643 $ 2,868 $ 631 $ 565 $ 238 $ 10 $ 14,651 Provision for loan losses (117 ) 458 827 (73 ) 268 (222 ) (2 ) (41 ) 152 1,250 Loans charged-off (86 ) — — — (14 ) — (72 ) (89 ) (192 ) (453 ) Recoveries 508 — 1 — 3 — 111 89 42 754 Ending balance $ 2,056 $ 2,378 $ 6,853 $ 570 $ 3,125 $ 409 $ 602 $ 197 $ 12 $ 16,202 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Commercial and industrial Construction and development Commercial real estate Farmland 1-4 family residential Multi-family residential Consumer Agricultural Overdrafts Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 1,751 $ 1,920 $ 6,025 $ 643 $ 2,868 $ 631 $ 565 $ 238 $ 10 $ 14,651 Provision for loan losses 297 (45 ) 747 15 61 45 (410 ) 375 65 1,150 Loans charged-off (49 ) — — — (6 ) — (18 ) — (92 ) (165 ) Recoveries 12 — 1 — 3 — 67 — 24 107 Ending balance $ 2,011 $ 1,875 $ 6,773 $ 658 $ 2,926 $ 676 $ 204 $ 613 $ 7 $ 15,743 The ACL as of June 30, 2020 The Company uses the weighted-average remaining maturity (WARM) method as the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. The WARM method uses a historical average annual charge-off rate containing loss content over a historical lookback period and is used as a foundation for estimating the credit loss reserve for the remaining outstanding balances of loans in a segment at the balance sheet date. The average annual charge-off rate is applied to the contractual term, further adjusted for estimated prepayments, to determine the unadjusted historical charge-off rate. The calculation of the unadjusted historical charge-off rate is then adjusted, using qualitative factors, for current conditions and for reasonable and supportable forecast periods. Qualitative loss factors are based on the Company’s judgement of company, market, industry or business specific data, differences in loan-specific risk characteristics such as underwriting standards, portfolio mix, risk grades, delinquency level, or term. These qualitative factors serve to compensate for additional areas of uncertainty inherent in the portfolio that are not reflected in our historic loss factors. Additionally, we have adjusted for changes in expected environmental and economic conditions, such as changes in unemployment rates, property values, and other relevant factors over the next 12 to 24 months. Management adjusted the historical loss experience for these expectations. No reversion adjustments were necessary, as the starting point for the Company’s estimate was a cumulative loss rate covering the expected contractual term of the portfolio. The ACL is measured on a collective segment basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Our loan portfolio is segmented first by regulatory call report code, and second, by internally identified risk grades for our commercial loan segments and by delinquency status for our consumer loan segments. We also have separate segments for our warehouse lines of credit, for our internally originated SBA loans and for our SBA loans acquired from Westbound Bank. Consistent forecasts of the loss drivers are used across the loan segments. For loans that do not share general risk characteristics with segments, we estimate a specific reserve on an individual basis. A reserve is recorded when the carrying amount of the loan exceeds the discounted estimated cash flows using the loan's initial effective interest rate or the fair value of collateral for collateral-dependent loans. Assets are graded “pass” when the relationship exhibits acceptable credit risk and indicates repayment ability, tolerable collateral coverage and reasonable performance history. Lending relationships exhibiting potentially significant credit risk and marginal repayment ability and/or asset protection are graded “special mention.” Assets classified as “substandard” are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. Substandard graded loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets graded “doubtful” are substandard graded loans that have added characteristics that make collection or liquidation in full improbable. Loans that are on nonaccrual status are generally classified as substandard. In general, the loans in our portfolio have low historical credit losses. The Company closely monitors economic conditions and loan performance trends to manage and evaluate the exposure to credit risk. Key factors tracked by the Company and utilized in evaluating the credit quality of the loan portfolio include trends in delinquency ratios, the level of nonperforming assets, borrower’s repayment capacity, and collateral coverage. The following table summarizes the credit exposure in the Company’s loan portfolio, by year of origination, as of June 30, 2020: June 30, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Total Commercial and industrial: Risk rating Pass $ 342,132 $ 39,539 $ 19,145 $ 11,883 $ 9,506 $ 18,739 $ 75,191 $ 516,135 Special mention — — — — — 488 5,249 5,737 Substandard — — 216 17 57 — — 290 Nonaccrual — 35 51 — — — — 86 Total commercial and industrial loans $ 342,132 $ 39,574 $ 19,412 $ 11,900 $ 9,563 $ 19,227 $ 80,440 $ 522,248 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ (43 ) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (43 ) Recoveries — — 43 — — 14 29 86 Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 14 $ 29 $ 43 Construction and development: Risk rating Pass $ 60,411 $ 106,373 $ 35,101 $ 27,185 $ 9,085 $ 10,871 $ 9,316 $ 258,342 Special mention 209 2,247 — 1,001 — — — 3,457 Substandard 2,907 600 6 — 670 — — 4,183 Nonaccrual — — — — — — — — Total construction and development loans $ 63,527 $ 109,220 $ 35,107 $ 28,186 $ 9,755 $ 10,871 $ 9,316 $ 265,982 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate: Risk rating Pass $ 41,486 $ 108,723 $ 106,164 $ 73,624 $ 88,076 $ 129,566 $ 10,466 $ 558,105 Special mention — 1,643 1,593 7,374 9,597 4,732 — 24,939 Substandard — — 1,999 438 — 9,313 — 11,750 Nonaccrual — 1,191 157 4,128 4,751 1,040 — 11,267 Total commercial real estate loans $ 41,486 $ 111,557 $ 109,913 $ 85,564 $ 102,424 $ 144,651 $ 10,466 $ 606,061 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland: Risk rating Pass $ 6,563 $ 13,815 $ 12,889 $ 7,919 $ 11,479 $ 18,258 $ 6,227 $ 77,150 Special mention — — — — — 39 — 39 Substandard — — — — — 139 — 139 Nonaccrual — — 177 — — 120 — 297 Total farmland loans $ 6,563 $ 13,815 $ 13,066 $ 7,919 $ 11,479 $ 18,556 $ 6,227 $ 77,625 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — June 30, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Total 1-4 family residential: Risk rating Pass $ 33,776 $ 68,348 $ 60,360 $ 42,784 $ 51,232 $ 113,953 $ 10,532 $ 380,985 Special mention — — — — — 54 — 54 Substandard — — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — — 341 443 211 1,556 — 2,551 Total 1-4 family residential loans $ 33,776 $ 68,348 $ 60,701 $ 43,227 $ 51,443 $ 115,563 $ 10,532 $ 383,590 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (59 ) $ — $ (59 ) Recoveries — — — — — 2 — 2 Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (57 ) $ — $ (57 ) Multi-family residential: Risk rating Pass $ 1,891 $ 4,540 $ 13,543 $ 1,464 $ 1,779 $ 5,868 $ 607 $ 29,692 Special mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — — — — — — — — Total multi-family residential loans $ 1,891 $ 4,540 $ 13,543 $ 1,464 $ 1,779 $ 5,868 $ 607 $ 29,692 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current period net $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Consumer and overdrafts: Risk rating Pass $ 14,736 $ 17,510 $ 12,848 $ 2,928 $ 1,115 $ 719 $ 3,112 $ 52,968 Special mention 12 9 43 — 6 — — 70 Substandard — — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — 65 134 20 3 1 — 223 Total consumer loans and overdrafts $ 14,748 $ 17,584 $ 13,025 $ 2,948 $ 1,124 $ 720 $ 3,112 $ 53,261 Charge-offs $ (83 ) $ (24 ) $ (18 ) $ (38 ) $ — $ — $ — $ (163 ) Recoveries 27 1 3 7 2 4 — 44 Current period net $ (56 ) $ (23 ) $ (15 ) $ (31 ) $ 2 $ 4 $ — $ (119 ) Agricultural: Risk rating Pass $ 2,366 $ 2,423 $ 2,944 $ 896 $ 383 $ 305 $ 9,425 $ 18,742 Special mention — — — 56 — — — 56 Substandard — — 10 — 117 — — 127 Nonaccrual — 21 30 — — 5 — 56 Total agricultural loans $ 2,366 $ 2,444 $ 2,984 $ 952 $ 500 $ 310 $ 9,425 $ 18,981 Charge-offs $ — $ — $ (18 ) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (18 ) Recoveries — — — — 20 — — 20 Current period net $ — $ — $ (18 ) $ — $ 20 $ — $ — $ 2 Total loans $ 506,489 $ 367,082 $ 267,751 $ 182,160 $ 188,067 $ 315,766 $ 130,125 $ 1,957,440 Charge-offs $ (83 ) $ (24 ) $ (79 ) $ (38 ) $ — $ (59 ) $ — $ (283 ) Recoveries 27 1 46 7 22 20 29 152 Total current period net charge-offs $ (56 ) $ (23 ) $ (33 ) $ (31 ) $ 22 $ (39 ) $ 29 $ (131 ) The following table summarizes the credit exposure in the Company’s loan portfolio by class as of December 31, 2019: December 31, 2019 Commercial and industrial Construction and development Commercial real estate Farmland 1-4 family residential Multi-family residential Consumer and Overdrafts Agricultural Total Grade: Pass $ 279,217 $ 278,679 $ 548,662 $ 57,152 $ 409,896 $ 37,379 $ 53,327 $ 18,101 $ 1,682,413 Special mention 153 600 1,071 91 1,425 — 192 126 3,658 Substandard 213 1,219 17,627 233 845 — 55 132 20,324 Total $ 279,583 $ 280,498 $ 567,360 $ 57,476 $ 412,166 $ 37,379 $ 53,574 $ 18,359 $ 1,706,395 There were no loans classified in the “doubtful” or “loss” risk rating categories as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of individually evaluated collateral-dependent loans by class of loans, and their impact on ACL, as of June 30, 2020: Real Estate Non-RE Total Allowance for Credit Losses Allocation Commercial and industrial $ 134 $ — $ 134 $ 37 Real estate: Construction and development 600 — 600 175 Commercial real estate 9,692 — 9,692 1,688 Farmland — — — — 1-4 family residential — — — — Multi-family residential — — — — Consumer — — — — Agricultural — — — — Overdrafts — — — — Total $ 10,426 $ — $ 10,426 $ 1,900 The following tables summarize the payment status of loans in the Company’s total loan portfolio, including an aging of delinquent loans and loans 90 days or more past due continuing to accrue interest as of: June 30, 2020 30 to 59 Days Past Due 60 to 89 Days Past Due 90 Days and Greater Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing Commercial and industrial $ 102 $ 11 $ 7 $ 120 $ 522,128 $ 522,248 $ — Real estate: Construction and development 398 7 — 405 265,577 265,982 — Commercial real estate 301 — 8,713 9,014 597,047 606,061 — Farmland 4 — — 4 77,621 77,625 — 1-4 family residential 2,212 154 307 2,673 380,917 383,590 — Multi-family residential — — — — 29,692 29,692 — Consumer 189 77 62 328 52,658 52,986 — Agricultural 35 7 6 48 18,933 18,981 — Overdrafts — — — — 275 275 — Total $ 3,241 $ 256 $ 9,095 $ 12,592 $ 1,944,848 $ 1,957,440 $ — December 31, 2019 30 to 59 Days Past Due 60 to 89 Days Past Due 90 Days and Greater Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing Commercial and industrial $ 321 $ 53 $ 15 $ 389 $ 279,194 $ 279,583 $ — Real estate: Construction and development 161 — — 161 280,337 280,498 — Commercial real estate 1,181 49 882 2,112 565,248 567,360 — Farmland 103 — — 103 57,373 57,476 — 1-4 family residential 2,514 1,433 845 4,792 407,374 412,166 — Multi-family residential — — — — 37,379 37,379 — Consumer 373 152 96 621 52,624 53,245 — Agricultural 51 67 — 118 18,241 18,359 — Overdrafts — — — — 329 329 — Total $ 4,704 $ 1,754 $ 1,838 $ 8,296 $ 1,698,099 $ 1,706,395 $ — Troubled Debt Restructurings A troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) is a restructuring in which a bank, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower's financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. The outstanding balances of TDRs are shown below: June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Nonaccrual TDRs $ 95 $ 101 Performing TDRs 7,216 7,240 Total $ 7,311 $ 7,341 Specific reserves on TDRs $ — $ 164 There were no loans modified as TDRs that occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2020. The following table presents loans by class, modified as TDRs that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2019: Year Ended December 31, 2019 Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Troubled Debt Restructurings: Commercial real estate 4 $ 1,680 $ 1,515 Total 4 $ 1,680 $ 1,515 There were two TDRs that subsequently defaulted during 2019 and remained on nonaccrual status as of December 31, 2019. The TDRs described above did not increase the allowance for loan losses and resulted in no charge-offs during the year ended December 31, 2019. The following table presents loans by class, modified as TDRs that occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2019 : Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Troubled Debt Restructurings: Commercial real estate 4 $ 1,680 $ 1,515 Total 4 $ 1,680 $ 1,515 There were no TDRs that subsequently defaulted through June 30, 2019. The following table presents loans individually and collectively evaluated for impairment, and the respective allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2019, as determined in accordance with ASC 310 prior to the adoption of ASC 326. A loan was considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it was probable that the Company would be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with original contractual terms of the loan. Loans with insignificant delays or insignificant short falls in the amount payments expected to be collected were not considered to be impaired. Loans defined as individually impaired included larger balance non-performing loans and TDRs. December 31, 2019 Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment With no related allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 289 $ 289 $ — $ 312 Real estate: Construction and development 1,212 1,212 — 1,259 Commercial real estate 4,612 4,612 — 4,244 Farmland — — — — 1-4 family residential 2,498 2,498 — 1,798 Multi-family residential — — — — Consumer — — — — Agricultural 62 62 — 190 Subtotal 8,673 8,673 — 7,803 With allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial — — — 61 Real estate: Construction and development — — — - Commercial real estate 12,871 12,871 1,587 9,111 Farmland 133 133 62 135 1-4 family residential — — — 78 Multi-family residential — — — — Consumer — — — — Agricultural — — — — Subtotal 13,004 13,004 1,649 9,385 Total $ 21,677 $ 21,677 $ 1,649 $ 17,188 |