law, (iii) a director under Section 174 of the DGCL, as the same exists or hereafter may be amended, (iv) a director or Officer for any transaction from which the director or Officer derived an improper personal benefit or (v) an Officer in any action by or in the right of the Corporation. Any amendment, repeal or elimination of this Article VII shall not affect its application with respect to an act or omission by a director or Officer occurring before such amendment, repeal or elimination. If the DGCL is amended hereafter to authorize the further elimination or limitation of liability of directors or Officers, then the liability of a director or Officer, as applicable, shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent authorized by the DGCL, as so amended. All references in this Article VII to an “Officer” shall mean only a person who, at the time of an act or omission as to which liability is asserted, falls within the meaning of the term “officer,” as defined in Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL.
ARTICLE VIII.
(a) The Corporation shall, to the fullest extent permitted by the provisions of Section 145 of the DGCL, as the same may be amended and supplemented (“Section 145”), indemnify any director or officer of the Corporation whom it shall have the power to indemnify under said section (each a “Covered Person”) from and against any and all of the expenses, liabilities, or other matters referred to in or covered by Section 145 (“Covered Matter”).
(b) Notwithstanding Section (a) of this Article VIII, the Corporation shall indemnify a Covered Person only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the Covered Person is proper in the circumstances because such Covered Person has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 145. Such determination shall be made, with respect to a Covered Person who is a director or officer at the time of such determination, (1) by the Board by a majority vote of directors who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, even though less than a quorum, or (2) by a committee of such directors designated by a majority vote of such directors, even though less than a quorum, or (3) if there are no such directors, or if such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (4) by the stockholders of the Corporation.
(c) Expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by an officer or director in defending any Covered Matter may be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such Covered Matter upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such Covered Person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article VIII. Such expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by former directors and officers or other Covered Persons may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the Corporation deems appropriate.
(d) The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by or granted pursuant to this Article VIII shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which Covered Persons may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in such person’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.