NOTE 3 – LOANS | NOTE 3 – LOANS The composition of loans receivable and loans held-for-sale is as follows: (In thousands) September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Residential 1-4 family $ 414,957 $ 373,131 Residential 5+ multifamily 70,459 52,325 Construction of residential 1-4 family 21,527 19,738 Home equity lines of credit 24,895 23,270 Residential real estate 531,838 468,464 Commercial 367,257 310,923 Construction of commercial 45,762 58,838 Commercial real estate 413,019 369,761 Farm land 4,225 2,807 Vacant land 14,796 14,182 Real estate secured 963,878 855,214 Commercial and industrial ex PPP Loans 186,527 169,543 PPP Loans 469 25,589 Total Commercial and industrial 186,996 195,132 Municipal 18,607 16,534 Consumer 20,344 12,547 Loans receivable, gross 1,189,825 1,079,427 Deferred loan origination costs, net 1,002 285 Allowance for loan losses (14,334 ) (12,962 ) Loans receivable, net $ 1,176,493 $ 1,066,750 Loans held-for-sale Residential 1-4 family $ — $ 2,684 Salisbury has entered into loan participation agreements with other banks and transferred a portion of its originated loans to the participating banks. Transferred amounts are accounted for as sales and excluded from Salisbury’s loans receivable. Salisbury and its participating lenders share ratably in any gains or losses that may result from a borrower’s lack of compliance with contractual terms of the loan. Salisbury services the loans on behalf of the participating lenders and, as such, collects cash payments from the borrowers, remits payments (net of servicing fees) to participating lenders and disburses required escrow funds to relevant parties. Salisbury also has entered into loan participation agreements with other banks and purchased a portion of the other banks’ originated loans. Purchased amounts are accounted for as loans without recourse to the originating bank. Salisbury and its originating lenders share ratably in any gains or losses that may result from a borrower’s lack of compliance with contractual terms of the loan. The originating banks service the loans on behalf of the participating lenders and, as such, collect cash payments from the borrowers, remit payments (net of servicing fees) to participating lenders and disburse required escrow funds to relevant parties. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, Salisbury serviced commercial loans for other banks under loan participation agreements totaling $ 58.5 77.5 Concentrations of Credit Risk Salisbury's loans consist primarily of residential and commercial real estate loans located principally in Litchfield County, Connecticut; Dutchess, Orange and Ulster Counties, New York; and Berkshire County, Massachusetts, which constitute Salisbury's service area. Salisbury offers a broad range of loan and credit facilities to borrowers in its service area, including residential mortgage loans, commercial real estate loans, construction loans, working capital loans, equipment loans, and a variety of consumer loans, including home equity lines of credit, installment loans and collateral loans. All residential and commercial mortgage loans are collateralized by first or second mortgages on real estate. The ability of single family residential and consumer borrowers to honor their repayment commitments is generally dependent on the level of overall economic activity within the market area and real estate values. The ability of commercial borrowers to honor their repayment commitments is dependent on the general economy as well as the health of the real estate economic sector in Salisbury’s market area. Salisbury’s commercial loan portfolio is comprised of loans to diverse industries, several of which may experience operating challenges due to the COVID-19 virus pandemic (“virus”). Approximately 36% of the Bank’s commercial loan portfolio are to entities who operate rental properties, which include commercial strip malls, smaller rental units as well as multi-unit dwellings. Approximately 9% of the Bank’s commercial loans are to entities in the hospitality industry, which includes hotels, bed & breakfast inns and restaurants. Approximately 9% of the Bank’s commercial loans are to educational institutions and approximately 4% of Salisbury’s commercial loans are to entertainment and recreation related businesses, which include camps and amusement parks. Salisbury’s commercial real estate exposure as a percentage of the Bank’s total risk-based capital, which represents Tier 1 plus Tier 2 capital, was approximately 192% as of September 30, 2022 and 179% at December 31, 2021 compared to the regulatory monitoring guideline of 300%. Salisbury’s commercial loan exposure is mitigated by a variety of factors including the personal liquidity of the borrower, real estate and/or non-real estate collateral, U.S. Department of Agriculture or Small Business Administration (“SBA”) guarantees, loan payment deferrals and economic stimulus loans from the U.S. government as a result of the virus, and other factors. Rising interest rates, unemployment and an economic recession may cause the Bank to experience higher loan payment delinquencies and higher loan charge-offs, which could warrant increased provisions for loan losses. At September 30, 2022 Salisbury had PPP loan balances, net of deferred fees, of $ 0.4 25 For the three months ended September 30, 2022, Salisbury recorded interest income and net origination fees of $ 3 69 133 711 71 740 569 2.5 Credit Quality Salisbury uses credit risk ratings as part of its determination of the allowance for loan losses. Credit risk ratings categorize loans by common financial and structural characteristics that measure the credit strength of a borrower. The rating model has eight risk rating grades, with each grade corresponding to a progressively greater risk of default. Grades 1 through 4 are pass ratings and 5 through 8 are criticized as defined by the regulatory agencies. Risk ratings are assigned to differentiate risk within the portfolio and are reviewed on an ongoing basis and revised, if needed, to reflect changes in the borrowers' current financial position and outlook, risk profiles and the related collateral and structural positions. Loans rated as "special mention" (5) possess credit deficiencies or potential weaknesses deserving management’s close attention that if left uncorrected may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loans at some future date. Loans rated as "substandard" (6) are loans where the Bank’s position is clearly not protected adequately by borrower current net worth or payment capacity. These loans have well defined weaknesses based on objective evidence and include loans where future losses to the Bank may result if deficiencies are not corrected, and loans where the primary source of repayment such as income is diminished, and the Bank must rely on sale of collateral or other secondary sources of collection. Loans rated "doubtful" (7) have the same weaknesses as substandard loans with the added characteristic that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full, given current facts, conditions, and values, to be highly improbable. The possibility of loss is high, but due to certain important and reasonably specific pending factors, which may work to strengthen the loan, its reclassification as an estimated loss is deferred until its exact status can be determined. Loans classified as "loss" (8) are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as Bank assets is unwarranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather, it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this loan even though partial recovery may be made in the future. Management actively reviews and tests its credit risk ratings against actual experience and engages an independent third-party to annually validate its assignment of credit risk ratings. In addition, the Bank’s loan portfolio is examined periodically by its regulatory agencies, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) and the Connecticut Department of Banking (“CTDOB”). The composition of loans receivable by risk rating grade is as follows: (in thousands) Pass Special mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total September 30, 2022 Residential 1-4 family $ 410,458 $ 3,030 $ 1,469 $ — $ — $ 414,957 Residential 5+ multifamily 70,308 72 79 — — 70,459 Construction of residential 1-4 family 21,527 — — — — 21,527 Home equity lines of credit 24,730 165 — — — 24,895 Residential real estate 527,023 3,267 1,548 — — 531,838 Commercial 348,824 13,079 5,354 — — 367,257 Construction of commercial 45,762 — — — — 45,762 Commercial real estate 394,586 13,079 5,354 — — 413,019 Farm land 2,402 1,426 397 — — 4,225 Vacant land 14,764 32 — — — 14,796 Real estate secured 938,775 17,804 7,299 — — 963,878 Commercial and industrial 184,584 696 1,716 — — 186,996 Municipal 18,607 — — — — 18,607 Consumer 20,344 — — — — 20,344 Loans receivable, gross $ 1,162,310 $ 18,500 $ 9,015 $ — $ — $ 1,189,825 (in thousands) Pass Special mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total December 31, 2021 Residential 1-4 family $ 367,225 $ 3,543 $ 2,363 $ — $ — $ 373,131 Residential 5+ multifamily 50,588 79 1,658 — — 52,325 Construction of residential 1-4 family 19,738 — — — — 19,738 Home equity lines of credit 23,037 212 21 — — 23,270 Residential real estate 460,588 3,834 4,042 — — 468,464 Commercial 271,821 16,034 23,068 — — 310,923 Construction of commercial 58,838 — — — — 58,838 Commercial real estate 330,659 16,034 23,068 — — 369,761 Farm land 1,162 1,214 431 — — 2,807 Vacant land 14,143 39 — — — 14,182 Real estate secured 806,552 21,121 27,541 — — 855,214 Commercial and industrial 191,857 688 2,587 — — 195,132 Municipal 16,534 — — — — 16,534 Consumer 12,547 — — — — 12,547 Loans receivable, gross $ 1,027,490 $ 21,809 $ 30,128 $ — $ — $ 1,079,427 The composition of loans receivable by delinquency status is as follows: Past due 180 30 Accruing (in thousands) days days 90 days 30-59 60-89 90-179 and and and Non- Current days days days over over over accrual September 30, 2022 Residential 1-4 family $ 414,910 $ 20 $ 12 $ — $ 15 $ 47 $ — $ 137 Residential 5+ multifamily 70,459 — — — — — — — Construction of residential 1-4 family 21,527 — — — — — — — Home equity lines of credit 24,778 117 — — — 117 — — Residential real estate 531,674 137 12 — 15 164 — 137 Commercial 367,172 — 85 — — 85 — 1,199 Construction of commercial 45,762 — — — — — — — Commercial real estate 412,934 — 85 — — 85 — 1,199 Farm land 4,225 — — — — — — 397 Vacant land 14,796 — — — — — — — Real estate secured 963,629 137 97 — 15 249 — 1,733 Commercial and industrial 186,861 23 12 100 — 135 100 27 Municipal 18,607 — — — — — — — Consumer 20,223 116 5 — — 121 — — Loans receivable, gross $ 1,189,320 $ 276 $ 114 $ 100 $ 15 $ 505 $ 100 $ 1,760 Past due 180 30 Accruing (in thousands) days days 90 days 30-59 60-89 90-179 and and and Non- Current days days days over over over accrual December 31, 2021 Residential 1-4 family $ 372,620 $ 223 $ 135 $ 63 $ 90 $ 511 $ — $ 750 Residential 5+ multifamily 51,464 — — — 861 861 — 861 Construction of residential 1-4 family 19,668 — 70 — — 70 — — Home equity lines of credit 23,000 165 98 — 7 270 — 21 Residential real estate 466,752 388 303 63 958 1,712 — 1,632 Commercial 310,331 87 251 — 254 592 — 1,924 Construction of commercial 58,838 — — — — — — — Commercial real estate 369,169 87 251 — 254 592 — 1,924 Farm land 2,807 — — — — — — 432 Vacant land 14,182 — — — — — — — Real estate secured 852,910 475 554 63 1,212 2,304 — 3,988 Commercial and industrial 194,838 250 32 1 11 294 11 200 Municipal 16,534 — — — — — — — Consumer 12,503 40 4 — — 44 — — Loans receivable, gross $ 1,076,785 $ 765 $ 590 $ 64 $ 1,223 $ 2,642 $ 11 $ 4,188 Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs) For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022, there were no troubled debt restructurings. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2021, one residential loan with a loan balance of $ 74 Allowance for Loan Losses Changes in the allowance for loan losses are as follows: Three months ended September 30, 2022 Three months ended September 30, 2021 Beginning balance Provision (Benefit) Charge- offs Reco- veries Ending balance Beginning balance Provision (Benefit) Charge- offs Reco- veries Ending balance Residential 1-4 family $ 3,286 $ 127 $ ( 45 ) $ 25 $ 3,393 $ 2,377 $ 393 $ ( 35 ) $ 5 $ 2,740 Residential 5+ multifamily 1,157 71 — — 1,228 545 156 — — 701 Construction of residential 1-4 family 333 (103 ) (25 ) — 205 95 41 — — 136 Home equity lines of credit 205 14 — — 219 190 26 (20 ) — 196 Residential real estate 4,981 109 (70 ) 25 5,045 3,207 616 (55 ) 5 3,773 Commercial 5,169 598 — — 5,767 6,212 (165 ) — 119 6,166 Construction of commercial 872 (115 ) — — 757 668 118 — — 786 Commercial real estate 6,041 483 — — 6,524 6,880 (47 ) — 119 6,952 Farm land 27 11 — — 38 32 (1 ) — — 31 Vacant land 108 4 — — 112 87 (1 ) — — 87 Real estate secured 11,157 607 (70 ) 25 11,719 10,206 567 (55 ) 125 10,843 Commercial and industrial 1,480 5 — — 1,485 1,256 73 — 3 1,332 Municipal 35 4 — — 39 32 (1 ) — — 31 Consumer 130 11 (25 ) 6 122 66 62 (19 ) 6 115 Unallocated 901 68 — — 969 1,148 (301 ) — — 847 Totals $ 13,703 $ 695 $ (95 ) $ 31 $ 14,334 $ 12,708 $ 400 $ ( 74 ) $ 134 $ 13,168 Nine months ended September 30, 2022 Nine months ended September 30, 2021 Beginning balance Provision (Benefit) Charge- offs Reco- veries Ending balance Beginning balance Provision (Benefit) Charge- offs Reco- veries Ending balance Residential 1-4 family $ 2,846 $ 595 $ ( 73 ) $ 25 $ 3,393 $ 2,646 $ 129 $ ( 44 ) $ 9 $ 2,740 Residential 5+ multifamily 817 642 (231 ) — 1,228 686 15 — — 701 Construction of residential 1-4 family 186 44 (25 ) — 205 65 71 — — 136 Home equity lines of credit 198 32 (11 ) — 219 252 (36 ) (20 ) — 196 Residential real estate 4,047 1,313 (340 ) 25 5,045 3,649 179 (64 ) 9 3,773 Commercial 5,416 722 (372 ) 1 5,767 6,546 (509 ) (7 ) 136 6,166 Construction of commercial 1,025 (268 ) — — 757 596 208 (18 ) — 786 Commercial real estate 6,441 454 (372 ) 1 6,524 7,142 (301 ) (25 ) 136 6,952 Farm land 21 17 — — 38 59 (28 ) — — 31 Vacant land 95 17 — — 112 180 (94 ) — 1 87 Real estate secured 10,604 1,801 (712 ) 26 11,719 11,030 (244 ) (89 ) 146 10,843 Commercial and industrial 1,364 166 (46 ) 1 1,485 1,397 17 (131 ) 49 1,332 Municipal 31 8 — — 39 43 (12 ) — — 31 Consumer 82 95 (70 ) 15 122 77 82 (34 ) (10 ) 115 Unallocated 881 88 — — 969 1,207 (360 ) — — 847 Totals $ 12,962 $ 2,158 $ ( 828 ) $ 42 $ 14,334 $ 13,754 $ ( 517 ) $ ( 254 ) $ 185 $ 13,168 The composition of loans receivable and the allowance for loan losses is as follows: (in thousands) Collectively evaluated Individually evaluated Total portfolio Loans Allowance Loans Allowance Loans Allowance September 30, 2022 Residential 1-4 family $ 413,456 $ 3,393 $ 1,501 $ — $ 414,957 $ 3,393 Residential 5+ multifamily 70,380 1,228 79 — 70,459 1,228 Construction of residential 1-4 family 21,527 205 — — 21,527 205 Home equity lines of credit 24,895 219 — — 24,895 219 Residential real estate 530,258 5,045 1,580 — 531,838 5,045 Commercial 364,729 5,745 2,528 22 367,257 5,767 Construction of commercial 45,762 757 — — 45,762 757 Commercial real estate 410,491 6,502 2,528 22 413,019 6,524 Farm land 3,828 38 397 — 4,225 38 Vacant land 14,796 112 — — 14,796 112 Real estate secured 959,373 11,697 4,505 22 963,878 11,719 Commercial and industrial 186,969 1,485 27 — 186,996 1,485 Municipal 18,607 39 — — 18,607 39 Consumer 20,344 122 — — 20,344 122 Unallocated allowance — 969 — — — 969 Totals $ 1,185,293 $ 14,312 $ 4,532 $ 22 $ 1,189,825 $ 14,334 (in thousands) Collectively evaluated Individually evaluated Total portfolio Loans Allowance Loans Allowance Loans Allowance December 31, 2021 Residential 1-4 family $ 370,558 $ 2,845 $ 2,573 $ 1 $ 373,131 $ 2,846 Residential 5+ multifamily 51,376 817 949 — 52,325 817 Construction of residential 1-4 family 19,738 186 — — 19,738 186 Home equity lines of credit 23,249 198 21 — 23,270 198 Residential real estate 464,921 4,046 3,543 1 468,464 4,047 Commercial 307,377 5,388 3,546 28 310,923 5,416 Construction of commercial 58,838 1,025 — — 58,838 1,025 Commercial real estate 366,215 6,413 3,546 28 369,761 6,441 Farm land 2,375 21 432 — 2,807 21 Vacant land 14,182 95 — — 14,182 95 Real estate secured 847,694 10,575 7,520 29 855,214 10,604 Commercial and industrial 194,856 1,297 276 67 195,132 1,364 Municipal 16,534 31 — — 16,534 31 Consumer 12,547 82 — — 12,547 82 Unallocated allowance — 881 — — — 881 Totals $ 1,071,630 $ 12,866 $ 7,797 $ 96 $ 1,079,427 $ 12,962 The credit quality segments of loans receivable and the allowance for loan losses are as follows: September 30, 2022 (in thousands) Collectively evaluated Individually evaluated Total portfolio Loans Allowance Loans Allowance Loans Allowance Performing loans $ 1,178,589 $ 12,928 $ — $ — $ 1,178,589 $ 12,928 Potential problem loans 1 6,704 415 — — 6,704 415 Impaired loans — — 4,532 22 4,532 22 Unallocated allowance — 969 — — — 969 Totals $ 1,185,293 $ 14,312 $ 4,532 $ 22 $ 1,189,825 $ 14,334 December 31, 2021 (in thousands) Collectively evaluated Individually evaluated Total portfolio Loans Allowance Loans Allowance Loans Allowance Performing loans $ 1,046,614 $ 10,456 $ — $ — $ 1,046,614 $ 10,456 Potential problem loans 1 25,016 1,529 — — 25,016 1,529 Impaired loans — — 7,797 96 7,797 96 Unallocated allowance — 881 — — — 881 Totals $ 1,071,630 $ 12,866 $ 7,797 $ 96 $ 1,079,427 $ 12,962 1 A specific valuation allowance is established for the impairment amount of each impaired loan, calculated using the present value of expected cash flows or fair value of collateral, in accordance with the most likely means of recovery. Certain data with respect to loans individually evaluated for impairment is as follows: Impaired loans with specific allowance Impaired loans with no specific allowance (in thousands) Loan balance Specific Income Loan balance Income Recorded Investment Note Average allowance recognized Recorded Investment Note Average recognized September 30, 2022 Residential $ — $ — $ 398 $ — $ — $ 1,580 $ 1,677 $ 2,321 $ 40 Home equity lines of credit — — — — — — — 11 — Residential real estate — — 398 — — 1,580 1,677 2,332 40 Commercial 572 572 616 22 22 1,956 2,467 2,397 32 Construction of commercial — — — — — — — — — Farm land — — — — — 397 447 415 — Vacant land — — — — — — — — — Real estate secured 572 572 1,014 22 22 3,933 4,591 5,144 72 Commercial and industrial — — 84 — — 27 30 55 — Consumer — — — — — — — — — Totals $ 572 $ 572 $ 1,098 $ 22 $ 22 $ 3,960 $ 4,621 $ 5,199 $ 72 Note: The income recognized is for the nine month period ended September 30, 2022. Impaired loans with specific allowance Impaired loans with no specific allowance (in thousands) Loan balance Specific Income Loan balance Income Recorded Investment Note Average allowance recognized Recorded Investment Note Average recognized September 30, 2021 Residential $ 45 $ 47 $ 1,120 $ 3 $ 2 $ 3,989 $ 4,404 $ 3,642 $ 52 Home equity lines of credit — — 22 — — 86 127 156 — Residential real estate 45 47 1,142 3 2 4,075 4,531 3,798 52 Commercial 1,007 1,033 1,921 43 33 2,866 3,377 3,002 47 Construction of commercial — — — — — — — — — Farm land — — — — — 576 756 415 — Vacant land — — 73 — — 35 39 52 — Real estate secured 1,052 1,080 3,136 46 35 7,552 8,703 7,267 99 Commercial and industrial 221 228 336 44 3 100 270 91 — Consumer — — 8 — — 18 18 15 1 Totals $ 1,273 $ 1,308 $ 3,480 $ 90 $ 38 $ 7,670 $ 8,991 $ 7,373 $ 100 Note: The income recognized is for the nine month period ended September 30, 2021. Certain data with respect to loans individually evaluated for impairment is as follows as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021: Impaired loans with specific allowance Impaired loans with no specific allowance (in thousands) Loan balance Specific Income Loan balance Income Recorded Investment Note Average allowance recognized Recorded Investment Note Average recognized December 31, 2021 Residential $ 43 $ 44 $ 872 $ 1 $ 3 $ 3,480 $ 3,817 $ 3,689 $ 75 Home equity lines of credit — — 17 — — 21 23 131 — Residential real estate 43 44 889 1 3 3,501 3,840 3,820 75 Commercial 608 608 1,678 28 32 2,938 3,493 2,974 62 Construction of commercial — — — — — — — — — Farm land — — — — — 431 447 440 — Vacant land — — 56 — — — — 45 — Real estate secured 651 652 2,623 29 35 6,870 7,780 7,279 137 Commercial and industrial 216 224 309 67 3 60 72 90 — Consumer — — 6 — — — — 13 — Totals $ 867 $ 876 $ 2,938 $ 96 $ 38 $ 6,930 $ 7,852 $ 7,382 $ 137 |