NOTE 4 - LOANS | NOTE 4 - LOANS The composition of loans receivable and loans held-for-sale is as follows: December 31, 2022 2021 (in thousands) Total Loans Total Loans Residential 1-4 family $ 428,486 $ 373,131 Residential 5+ multifamily 80,400 52,325 Construction of residential 1-4 family 22,534 19,738 Home equity lines of credit 25,699 23,270 Residential real estate 557,119 468,464 Commercial 374,281 310,923 Construction of commercial 46,866 58,838 Commercial real estate 421,147 369,761 Farm land 4,081 2,807 Vacant land 14,440 14,182 Real estate secured 996,787 855,214 Commercial and industrial ex PPP Loans 190,191 169,543 PPP Loans 299 25,589 Total Commercial and industrial 190,490 195,132 Municipal 19,693 16,534 Consumer 20,546 12,547 Loans receivable, gross 1,227,516 1,079,427 Deferred loan origination costs (fees), net 1,001 285 Allowance for loan losses (14,846 ) (12,962 ) Loans receivable, net $ 1,213,671 $ 1,066,750 Loans held-for-sale Residential 1-4 family $ — $ 2,684 Salisbury also has entered into loan participation agreements with other banks and purchased a portion of the other banks’ originated loans. Purchased amounts are accounted for as loans without recourse to the originating bank. Salisbury and its originating lenders share ratably in any gains or losses that may result from a borrower’s lack of compliance with contractual terms of the loan. The originating banks service the loans on behalf of the participating lenders and, as such, collect cash payments from the borrowers, remit payments (net of servicing fees) to participating lenders and disburse required escrow funds to relevant parties. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, Salisbury serviced commercial loans for other banks under loan participation agreements totaling $ 64.1 77.5 Concentrations of Credit Risk Salisbury's loans consist primarily of residential and commercial real estate loans located principally in Litchfield County, Connecticut; Dutchess, Orange and Ulster Counties, New York; and Berkshire County, Massachusetts, which constitute Salisbury's service area. Salisbury offers a broad range of loan and credit facilities to borrowers in its service area, including residential mortgage loans, commercial real estate loans, construction loans, working capital loans, equipment loans, and a variety of consumer loans, including home equity lines of credit, installment loans and collateral loans. All residential and commercial mortgage loans are collateralized by first or second mortgages on real estate. The ability of single family residential and consumer borrowers to honor their repayment commitments is generally dependent on the level of overall economic activity within the market area and real estate values. The ability of commercial borrowers to honor their repayment commitments is dependent on the general economy as well as the health of the real estate economic sector in Salisbury’s market area. Salisbury’s commercial loan portfolio is comprised of loans to diverse industries, several of which may experience operating challenges from the economic downturn caused by the COVID-19 virus pandemic (“virus”). Approximately 31% of the Bank’s commercial loan portfolio are to entities who operate rental properties, which include commercial strip malls, smaller rental units as well as multi-unit dwellings. Approximately 10% of the Bank’s commercial loans are to entities in the hospitality industry, which includes hotels, bed & breakfast inns and restaurants. Approximately 9% of the Bank’s commercial loans are to educational institutions and approximately 4% of Salisbury’s commercial loans are to entertainment and recreation related businesses, which include a ski resort, bowling alleys and amusement parks. Salisbury’s commercial real estate exposure as a percentage of the Bank’s total risk-based capital, which represents Tier 1 plus Tier 2 capital, was approximately 198% as of December 31, 2022 and 179% at December 31, 2021 compared to the regulatory monitoring guideline of 300%. Salisbury’s commercial loan exposure is mitigated by a variety of factors including the personal liquidity of the borrower, real estate and/or non-real estate collateral, U.S. Department of Agriculture or Small Business Administration (“SBA”) guarantees, loan payment deferrals and economic stimulus loans from the U.S. government as a result of the virus, and other factors. Credit Quality Salisbury uses credit risk ratings as part of its determination of the allowance for loan losses. Credit risk ratings categorize loans by common financial and structural characteristics that measure the credit strength of a borrower. The rating model has eight risk rating grades, with each grade corresponding to a progressively greater risk of default. Grades 1 through 4 are pass ratings and 5 through 8 are criticized as defined by the regulatory agencies. Risk ratings are assigned to differentiate risk within the portfolio and are reviewed on an ongoing basis and revised, if needed, to reflect changes in the borrowers' current financial position and outlook, risk profiles and the related collateral and structural positions. Loans rated as "special mention" (5) possess credit deficiencies or potential weaknesses deserving management’s close attention that if left uncorrected may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loans at some future date. Loans rated as "substandard" (6) are loans where the Bank’s position is clearly not protected adequately by the borrower’s current net worth or payment capacity. These loans have well defined weaknesses based on objective evidence and include loans where future losses to the Bank may result if deficiencies are not corrected, and loans where the primary source of repayment such as income is diminished and the Bank must rely on the sale of collateral or other secondary sources of collection. Loans rated "doubtful" (7) have the same weaknesses as substandard loans with the added characteristic that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full, given current facts, conditions, and values, to be highly improbable. The possibility of loss is high, but due to certain important and reasonably specific pending factors, which may work to strengthen the loan, its reclassification as an estimated loss is deferred until its exact status can be determined. Loans classified as "loss" (8) are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as Bank assets is unwarranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather, it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this loan even though partial recovery may be made in the future. Management actively reviews and tests its credit risk ratings against actual experience and engages an independent third-party to annually validate its assignment of credit risk ratings. In addition, the Bank’s loan portfolio is examined periodically by its regulatory agencies, the FDIC and the CTDOB. The composition of loans receivable by risk rating grade is as follows: (in thousands) Pass Special mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total December 31, 2022 Residential 1-4 family $ 423,612 $ 2,995 $ 1,879 $ — $ — $ 428,486 Residential 5+ multifamily 80,254 68 78 — — 80,400 Construction of residential 1-4 family 22,534 — — — — 22,534 Home equity lines of credit 25,536 163 — — — 25,699 Residential real estate 551,936 3,226 1,957 — — 557,119 Commercial 355,963 12,934 5,384 — — 374,281 Construction of commercial 46,866 — — — — 46,866 Commercial real estate 402,829 12,934 5,384 — — 421,147 Farm land 2,408 1,280 393 — — 4,081 Vacant land 14,410 30 — — — 14,440 Real estate secured 971,583 17,470 7,734 — — 996,787 Commercial and industrial 188,267 680 1,543 — — 190,490 Municipal 19,693 — — — — 19,693 Consumer 20,541 — 5 — — 20,546 Loans receivable, gross $ 1,200,084 $ 18,150 $ 9,282 $ — $ — $ 1,227,516 (in thousands) Pass Special mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total December 31, 2021 Residential 1-4 family $ 367,225 $ 3,543 $ 2,363 $ — $ — $ 373,131 Residential 5+ multifamily 50,588 79 1,658 — — 52,325 Construction of residential 1-4 family 19,738 — — — — 19,738 Home equity lines of credit 23,037 212 21 — — 23,270 Residential real estate 460,588 3,834 4,042 — — 468,464 Commercial 271,821 16,034 23,068 — — 310,923 Construction of commercial 58,838 — — — — 58,838 Commercial real estate 330,659 16,034 23,068 — — 369,761 Farm land 1,162 1,214 431 — — 2,807 Vacant land 14,143 39 — — — 14,182 Real estate secured 806,552 21,121 27,541 — — 855,214 Commercial and industrial 191,857 688 2,587 — — 195,132 Municipal 16,534 — — — — 16,534 Consumer 12,547 — — — — 12,547 Loans receivable, gross $ 1,027,490 $ 21,809 $ 30,128 $ — $ — $ 1,079,427 The composition of loans receivable by delinquency status is as follows: Past due (In thousands) Current 30-59 days 60-89 days 90-179 days 180 days and over 30 days and over Accruing 90 days and over Non- accrual December 31, 2022 Residential 1-4 family $ 427,769 $ 672 $ 30 $ — $ 15 $ 717 $ — $ 820 Residential 5+ multifamily 80,400 — — — — — — — Construction of residential 1-4 family 22,534 — — — — — — — Home equity lines of credit 25,411 288 — — — 288 — — Residential real estate 556,114 960 30 — 15 1,005 — 820 Commercial 374,196 — — 85 — 85 — 1,255 Construction of commercial 46,866 — — — — — — — Commercial real estate 421,062 — — 85 — 85 — 1,255 Farm land 4,081 — — — — — — 393 Vacant land 14,440 — — — — — — — Real estate secured 995,697 960 30 85 15 1,090 — 2,468 Commercial and industrial 190,340 149 1 — — 150 — 189 Municipal 19,693 — — — — — — — Consumer 20,303 154 84 5 — 243 — 5 Loans receivable, gross $ 1,226,033 $ 1,263 $ 115 $ 90 $ 15 $ 1,483 $ — $ 2,662 Past due (In thousands) Current 30-59 days 60-89 days 90-179 days 180 days and over 30 days and over Accruing 90 days and over Non- accrual December 31, 201 Residential 1-4 family $ 372,620 $ 223 $ 135 $ 63 $ 90 $ 511 $ — $ 750 Residential 5+ multifamily 51,464 — — — 861 861 — 861 Construction of residential 1-4 family 19,668 — 70 — — 70 — — Home equity lines of credit 23,000 165 98 — 7 270 — 21 Residential real estate 466,752 388 303 63 958 1,712 — 1,632 Commercial 310,331 87 251 — 254 592 — 1,924 Construction of commercial 58,838 — — — — — — — Commercial real estate 369,169 87 251 — 254 592 — 1,924 Farm land 2,807 — — — — — — 432 Vacant land 14,182 — — — — — — — Real estate secured 852,910 475 554 63 1,212 2,304 — 3,988 Commercial and industrial 194,838 250 32 1 11 294 11 200 Municipal 16,534 — — — — — — — Consumer 12,503 40 4 — — 44 — — Loans receivable, gross $ 1,076,785 $ 765 $ 590 $ 64 $ 1,223 $ 2,642 $ 11 $ 4,188 Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs) Troubled debt restructurings occurring during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021: For the twelve months ended December 2022, there were no troubled debt restructurings, for the twelve months ended December 2021, there was one residential real estate loan with a modification and term extension that was a troubled debt restructuring. Salisbury currently does not have any commitments to lend additional funds to TDR loans. The following table discloses the recorded investment and number of modifications for TDRs within the last year where a concession has been made, that then defaulted in the current reporting period. All TDR loans are included in the Impaired Loan schedule and are individually evaluated. Modifications that Subsequently Defaulted For the twelve months ending December 31, 2022 For the twelve months ending December 31, 2021 Quantity Balance Quantity Balance Troubled Debt Restructurings Residential 1-4 family — — 1 74 Total — — 1 74 Impaired loans Loans individually evaluated for impairment (impaired loans) are loans for which Salisbury does not expect to collect all principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include all modified loans classified as TDRs and loans on non-accrual status. The components of impaired loans are as follows: December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Non-accrual loans, excluding troubled debt restructured loans $ 2,595 $ 2,838 Non-accrual troubled debt restructured loans 67 1,350 Accruing troubled debt restructured loans 2,670 3,609 Total impaired loans $ 5,332 $ 7,797 Commitments to lend additional amounts to impaired borrowers $ — $ — Year Ended December 31, 2022 Year Ended December 31, 2021 (in thousands) Beginning balance Prov- ision (release) Charge- offs Reco- veries Ending balance Beginning balance Prov- ision (release) Charge- offs Reco- veries Ending balance Residential 1-4 family $ 2,846 $ 822 $ (73 ) $ 27 $ 3,622 $ 2,646 $ 225 $ (44 ) $ 19 $ 2,846 Residential 5+ multifamily 817 779 (231 ) — 1,365 686 131 — — 817 Construction of residential 1-4 family 186 42 (25 ) — 203 65 121 — — 186 Home equity lines of credit 198 53 (11 ) — 240 252 (34 ) (21 ) 1 198 Residential real estate 4,047 1,696 (340 ) 27 5,430 3,649 443 (65 ) 20 4,047 Commercial 5,416 907 (372 ) 1 5,952 6,546 (1,260 ) (6 ) 136 5,416 Construction of commercial 1,025 (309 ) — — 716 596 447 (18 ) — 1,025 Commercial real estate 6,441 598 (372 ) 1 6,668 7,142 (813 ) (24 ) 136 6,441 Farm land 21 9 — — 30 59 (39 ) (2 ) 3 21 Vacant land 95 (4 ) — — 91 180 (86 ) — 1 95 Real estate secured 10,604 2,299 (712 ) 28 12,219 11,030 (495 ) (91 ) 160 10,604 Commercial and industrial 1,364 31 (46 ) 1 1,350 1,397 45 (131 ) 53 1,364 Municipal 31 28 — — 59 43 (12 ) — — 31 Consumer 82 111 (88 ) 18 123 77 68 (59 ) (4 ) 82 Unallocated 881 214 — — 1,095 1,207 (326 ) — — 881 Totals $ 12,962 $ 2,683 $ (846 ) $ 47 $ 14,846 $ 13,754 $ (720 ) $ (281 ) $ 209 $ 12,962 December 31, 2020 (in thousands) Beginning balance Provision (release) Charge-offs Recoveries Ending balance Residential 1-4 family $ 2,393 $ 255 $ (11 ) $ 9 $ 2,646 Residential 5+ multifamily 446 282 (42 ) — 686 Construction of residential 1-4 family 75 (10 ) — — 65 Home equity lines of credit 197 (197 ) — 252 252 Residential real estate 3,111 330 (53 ) 261 3,649 Commercial 3,742 2,776 (17 ) 45 6,546 Construction of commercial 104 492 — — 596 Commercial real estate 3,846 3,268 (17 ) 45 7,142 Farm land 47 12 — — 59 Vacant land 71 109 — — 180 Real estate secured 7,075 3,719 (70 ) 306 11,030 Commercial and industrial 1,145 612 (362 ) 2 1,397 Municipal 46 (3 ) — — 43 Consumer 60 72 (70 ) 15 77 Unallocated 569 638 — — 1,207 Totals $ 8,895 $ 5,038 $ (502 ) $ 323 $ 13,754 The composition of loans receivable and the allowance for loan losses is as follows: (in thousands) Collectively evaluated Individually evaluated Total portfolio Loans Allowance Loans Allowance Loans Allowance December 31, 2022 Residential 1-4 family $ 426,377 $ 3,622 $ 2,109 $ — $ 428,486 $ 3,622 Residential 5+ multifamily 80,322 1,365 78 — 80,400 1,365 Construction of residential 1-4 family 22,534 203 — — 22,534 203 Home equity lines of credit 25,699 240 — — 25,699 240 Residential real estate 554,932 5,430 2,187 — 557,119 5,430 Commercial 371,723 5,930 2,558 22 374,281 5,952 Construction of commercial 46,866 716 — — 46,866 716 Commercial real estate 418,589 6,646 2,558 22 421,147 6,668 Farm land 3,688 30 393 — 4,081 30 Vacant land 14,440 91 — — 14,440 91 Real estate secured 991,649 12,197 5,138 22 996,787 12,219 Commercial and industrial 190,301 1,350 189 — 190,490 1,350 Municipal 19,693 59 — — 19,693 59 Consumer 20,541 123 5 — 20,546 123 Unallocated allowance — 1,095 — — — 1,095 Totals $ 1,222,184 $ 14,824 $ 5,332 $ 22 $ 1,227,516 $ 14,846 (in thousands) Collectively evaluated Individually evaluated Total portfolio Loans Allowance Loans Allowance Loans Allowance December 31, 2021 Residential 1-4 family $ 370,558 $ 2,845 $ 2,573 $ 1 $ 373,131 $ 2,846 Residential 5+ multifamily 51,376 817 949 — 52,325 817 Construction of residential 1-4 family 19,738 186 — — 19,738 186 Home equity lines of credit 23,249 198 21 — 23,270 198 Residential real estate 464,921 4,046 3,543 1 468,464 4,047 Commercial 307,377 5,388 3,546 28 310,923 5,416 Construction of commercial 58,838 1,025 — — 58,838 1,025 Commercial real estate 366,215 6,413 3,546 28 369,761 6,441 Farm land 2,375 21 432 — 2,807 21 Vacant land 14,182 95 — — 14,182 95 Real estate secured 847,693 10,575 7,521 29 855,214 10,604 Commercial and industrial 194,856 1,297 276 67 195,132 1,364 Municipal 16,534 31 — — 16,534 31 Consumer 12,547 82 — — 12,547 82 Unallocated allowance — 881 — — — 881 Totals $ 1,071,630 $ 12,866 $ 7,797 $ 96 $ 1,079,427 $ 12,962 December 31, 2022 (in thousands) Collectively evaluated Individually evaluated Total portfolio Loans Allowance Loans Allowance Loans Allowance Performing loans $ 1,216,108 $ 13,351 $ — $ — $ 1,216,108 $ 13,351 Potential problem loans 1 6,076 378 — — 6,076 378 Impaired loans — — 5,332 22 5,332 22 Unallocated allowance — 1,095 — — — 1,095 Totals $ 1,222,184 $ 14,824 $ 5,332 $ 22 $ 1,227,516 $ 14,846 December 31, 2021 (in thousands) Collectively evaluated Individually evaluated Total portfolio Loans Allowance Loans Allowance Loans Allowance Performing loans $ 1,046,614 $ 10,456 $ — $ — $ 1,046,614 $ 10,456 Potential problem loans 1 25,016 1,529 — — 25,016 1,529 Impaired loans — — 7,797 96 7,797 96 Unallocated allowance — 881 — — — 881 Totals $ 1,071,630 $ 12,866 $ 7,797 $ 96 $ 1,079,427 $ 12,962 1 A specific valuation allowance is established for the impairment amount of each impaired loan, calculated using the present value of expected cash flows or collateral, market value approach, in accordance with the most likely means of recovery. Certain data with respect to loans individually evaluated for impairment is as follows: Impaired loans with specific allowance Impaired loans with no specific allowance (In thousands) Loan balance Loan balance Recorded Investment Note Average Specific allowance Income recognized Recorded Investment Note Average Income recognized December 31, 2022 Residential $ — $ — $ 306 $ — $ — $ 2,187 $ 2,283 $ 2,192 $ 61 Home equity lines of credit — — — — — — — 8 — Residential real estate — — 306 — — 2,187 2,283 2,200 61 Commercial 559 559 604 22 30 1,999 2,148 2,308 45 Construction of commercial — — — — — — — — — Farm land — — — — — 393 443 410 — Vacant land — — — — — — — — — Real estate secured 559 559 910 22 30 4,579 4,874 4,918 106 Commercial and industrial — — 64 — — 189 195 88 13 Consumer — — — — — 5 5 — — Totals $ 559 $ 559 $ 974 $ 22 $ 30 $ 4,773 $ 5,074 $ 5,006 $ 119 Impaired loans with specific allowance Impaired loans with no specific allowance (In thousands) Loan balance Loan balance Recorded Investment Note Average Specific allowance Income recognized Recorded Investment Note Average Income recognized December 31, 2021 Residential $ 43 $ 44 $ 872 $ 1 $ 3 $ 3,480 $ 3,817 $ 3,689 $ 75 Home equity lines of credit — — 17 — — 21 23 131 — Residential real estate 43 44 889 1 3 3,501 3,840 3,820 75 Commercial 608 608 1,678 28 32 2,938 3,493 2,974 62 Construction of commercial — — — — — — — — — Farm land — — — — — 431 447 440 — Vacant land — — 56 — — — — 45 — Real estate secured 651 652 2,623 29 35 6,870 7,780 7,279 137 Commercial and industrial 216 224 309 67 3 60 72 90 — Consumer — — 6 — — — — 13 — Totals $ 867 $ 876 $ 2,938 $ 96 $ 38 $ 6,930 $ 7,852 $ 7,382 $ 137 |