four years, (2) aggregate expenditures of the REIT during the four-year period preceding the sale which are includible in basis do not exceed 30% of the net selling price of the property, (3) (a) during the taxable year the REIT has made no more than seven sales of property or, in the alternative, (b) the aggregate of the adjusted bases of all properties sold during the year does not exceed 10% of the adjusted bases of all of the REIT’s properties during the year, (4) in the case of property, not acquired through foreclosure or lease termination, the REIT has held the property for not less than four years for the production of rental income, and (5) if the requirement of clause (3) (a) is not satisfied, substantially all of the marketing and development expenditures were made through an independent contractor. Brandywine, as general partner of the Operating Partnership, believes that the Operating Partnership intends to hold its properties for investment with a view to long-term appreciation, to engage in the business of acquiring, developing, owning, operating and leasing properties and to make such occasional sales of the properties as are consistent with its and the Operating Partnership’s investment objectives. No assurance can be given, however, that every property sale by the Partnerships will constitute a sale of property held for investment.
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Sale or Exchange of Common and Preferred Shares
In general, a U.S. Shareholder will recognize capital gain or loss on the disposition of common or preferred shares equal to the difference between the sales price for such shares and the adjusted tax basis for such shares. Gain or loss recognized upon a sale or exchange of common or preferred shares by a U.S. Shareholder who has held such shares for more than one year will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, respectively, and otherwise will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any loss upon a sale or exchange of shares by a U.S. Shareholder who has held such shares for six months or less (after applying certain holding period rules) will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent such shareholder has received distributions from us required to be treated as long-term capital gain. U.S. Shareholders who realize a loss on the sale or exchange of shares may be required to file IRS Form 8886, Reportable Transaction Disclosure Statement, if the loss exceeds certain thresholds (for individual taxpayers, the threshold is $2,000,000 for a loss in a single taxable year). U.S. Shareholders should consult with their tax advisors regarding Form 8886 filing requirements.
Distributions from us and gain from the disposition of shares will not be treated as passive activity income and, therefore, U.S. Shareholders will not be able to apply any “passive losses” against such income. Distributions from us (to the extent they do not constitute a return of capital or capital gain dividends) and, on an elective basis, capital gain dividends and gain from the disposition of shares will generally be treated as investment income for purposes of the investment income limitation.
Redemption of Preferred Shares
Our preferred shares are redeemable by us under certain circumstances. A redemption of preferred shares will be treated under Section 302 of the Code as a distribution taxable as a dividend (to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits) at ordinary income rates, unless the redemption satisfies one of the tests set forth in Section 302(b) of the Code and is therefore treated as a sale or exchange of the redeemed shares. The redemption will be treated as a sale or exchange if it (i) is “substantially disproportionate” with respect to the holder, (ii) results in a “complete termination” of the holder’s share interest in our company, or (iii) is “not essentially equivalent to a dividend with respect to the holder, all within the meaning of Section 302(b) of the Code.
In determining whether any of these tests has been met, there must be taken into account not only any preferred shares owned by the holder, but also such holder’s ownership of the our common shares, other series of preferred shares and any options to acquire any of the foregoing. The holder also must take into account any such securities (including options) which are considered to be owned by such holder by reason of the constructive ownership rules set forth in Sections 318 and 302(c) of the Code. If a particular holder owns (actually or constructively) no common shares or an insubstantial percentage of common shares or preferred shares, based upon current law, it is probable that the redemption of the preferred shares from such holder would be considered “not essentially equivalent to a dividend.” However, because the determination as to whether any of the alternative tests of Section 302(b) of the Code will be satisfied with respect to any particular holder of preferred shares depends upon the facts and circumstances at the time the determination must be made, prospective holders of preferred shares are advised to consult their own tax advisors to determine such tax treatment.
If a redemption of preferred shares is not treated as a distribution taxable as a dividend to a particular holder, it will be treated as a taxable sale or exchange by that holder. As a result, the holder will recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between (i) the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received (less any portion thereof attributable to accumulated and declared but unpaid dividends, which will be taxable as a dividend to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits) and (ii) the holder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares. Such gain or loss will be capital gain or loss if the shares were held as a capital asset, and will be long-term gain or loss if such shares were held for more than one year.
If the redemption is treated as a distribution taxable as a dividend, the amount of the distribution will be measured by the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received by the holder. The holder’s adjusted tax basis in the preferred shares redeemed will be transferred to any other shareholdings of
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the holder in Brandywine. If the holder of the preferred shares owns no other shares, under certain circumstances, such basis may be transferred to a related person, or it may be lost entirely.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
In general, Brandywine will report to its U.S. Shareholders and the IRS the amount of distributions paid (unless the U.S. Shareholder is an exempt recipient such as a corporation) during each calendar year, and the amount of tax withheld, if any. Under the backup withholding rules, a shareholder may be subject to backup withholding at the rate of 28% with respect to distributions paid unless such shareholder (a) is a corporation or comes within certain other exempt categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact, or (b) provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding and otherwise complies with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. A shareholder that does not provide us with his correct taxpayer identification number may also be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. Any amount paid as backup withholding may be credited against the shareholder’s income tax liability. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distributions to any shareholders who fail to certify their non-foreign status to Brandywine. See “—Taxation of Foreign Shareholders.”
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Shareholders
Distributions by us to a shareholder that is a tax-exempt entity should not constitute “unrelated business taxable income” (“UBTI”), as defined in Section 512(a) of the Code provided that the tax-exempt entity has not financed the acquisition of its shares with “acquisition indebtedness” within the meaning of the Code and the shares are not otherwise used in an unrelated trade or business of the tax-exempt entity.
In the case of a “qualified trust” (generally, a pension or profit-sharing trust) holding shares in a REIT, the beneficiaries of the trust are treated as holding shares in the REIT in proportion to their actuarial interests in the qualified trust, instead of treating the qualified trust as a single individual (the “look-through exception”). A qualified trust that holds more than 10% of the shares of a REIT is required to treat a percentage of REIT dividends as UBTI if the REIT incurs debt to acquire or improve real property. This rule applies, however, only if (1) the qualification of the REIT depends upon the application of the “look through” exception (described above) to the restriction on REIT shareholdings by five or fewer individuals, including qualified trusts (see “Description of Shares of Beneficial Interest—Restrictions on Transfer”) and (2) the REIT is “predominantly held” by qualified trusts, i.e., if either (a) a single qualified trust holds more than 25% by value of the interests in the REIT or (b) one or more qualified trusts, each owning more than 10% by value, holds in the aggregate more than 50% of the interests in the REIT. The percentage of any dividend paid (or treated as paid) to such a qualified trust that is treated as UBTI is equal to the amount of modified gross income (gross income less directly connected expenses) from the unrelated trade or business of the REIT (treating the REIT as if it were a qualified trust), divided by the total modified gross income of the REIT. A de minimis exception applies where the percentage is less than 5%.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders
The rules governing United States Federal income taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders are complex and no attempt will be made herein to provide more than a summary of such rules. Prospective Non-U.S. Shareholders should consult with their own tax advisors to determine the impact of Federal, state and local income and estate tax laws with regard to an investment in our shares, including any reporting requirements.
Distributions made by us that are not attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by us of United States real property interests and not designated by us as capital gains dividends will be treated as dividends of ordinary income to the extent that they are made out of current or accumulated earnings and profits of Brandywine. Such distributions will ordinarily be subject to a withholding tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of the distribution unless an applicable tax treaty reduces or eliminates that tax. However, if income from the investment in our shares is treated as effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Shareholder’s conduct of a United States trade or business, the Non-U.S. Shareholder generally will be subject to a tax at graduated rates, in the same manner as U.S. Shareholders are taxed with respect to such distributions (and may also be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a shareholder that is a foreign corporation). We expect to withhold United States income tax at the rate of 30% on the gross amount of any such distributions made to
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a Non-U.S. Shareholder unless (1) a lower treaty rate applies and the Non-U.S. Shareholder files a W-8BEN (or applicable substitute form) or (2) the Non-U.S. Shareholder files an IRS Form W-8ECI with us claiming that the distribution is effectively connected income. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to a shareholder to the extent that such distributions do not exceed the adjusted basis of the shareholder’s shares, but rather will reduce the adjusted basis of the shareholder in such shares. To the extent that distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits exceed the adjusted basis of a Non-U.S. Shareholder’s shares, such distributions will give rise to tax liability if the Non-U.S. Shareholder would otherwise be subject to tax on any gain from the sale or disposition of its shares, as described below. If it cannot be determined at the time a distribution is made whether or not such distribution will be in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be subject to withholding at the same rate as dividends. However, amounts thus withheld are refundable to the shareholder if it is subsequently determined that such distribution was, in fact, in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits.
For any year in which Brandywine qualifies as a REIT, except as provided below for certain distributions after January 1, 2005, distributions that are attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by us of United States real property interests will be taxed to a Non-U.S. Shareholder under the provisions of the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 (“FIRPTA”). Under FIRPTA, distributions attributable to gain from sales of United States real property interests are taxed to a Non-U.S. Shareholder as if such gain were effectively connected with a United States business. Individuals who are Non-U.S. Shareholders will be required to report such gain on a U.S. federal income tax return and such gain will be taxed at the normal capital gain rates applicable to U.S. individual shareholders (subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals). Also, distributions subject to FIRPTA may be subject to a 30% branch profits tax in the hands of a foreign corporate shareholder not entitled to treaty relief. Brandywine is required by applicable Treasury Regulations to withhold 35% of any distribution that could be designated by us as a capital gains dividend. The amount is creditable against the Non-U.S. Shareholder’s U.S. tax liability.
For distributions after January 1, 2005, the Act provides that distributions attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by us of United States real property interests are treated as ordinary dividends (not subject to FIRPTA) if the distribution is made to a Non-U.S. Shareholder with respect to any class of stock which is “regularly traded” on an established securities market located in the United States and if the Non-U.S. Shareholder did not own more than 5% of such class of stock at any time during the taxable year. Accordingly, such distributions will generally be subject to a 30% U.S. withholding tax (subject to reduction under applicable treaty) and a Non-U.S. Shareholder will not be required to report the distribution on a U.S. tax return. In addition, the branch profits tax will not apply to such distributions.
Gain recognized by a Non-U.S. Shareholder upon a sale of shares generally will not be taxed under FIRPTA if Brandywine is a “domestically controlled REIT,” defined generally as a REIT in which at all times during a specified testing period less than 50% in value of the shares of beneficial interest was held directly or indirectly by foreign persons. It is currently anticipated that we will be a “domestically controlled REIT,” and therefore the sale of shares by a Non-U.S. Shareholder will not be subject to taxation under FIRPTA. However, because the shares may be traded, we cannot be sure that we will continue to be a “domestically controlled REIT.” Gain not subject to FIRPTA will be taxable to a Non-U.S. Shareholder if (1) investment in the shares is effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Shareholder’s United States trade or business, in which case the Non-U.S. Shareholder will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. Shareholders with respect to such gain or (2) the Non-U.S. Shareholder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year, in which case the nonresident alien individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual’s capital gains. If the gain on the sale of shares were to be subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the Non-U.S. Shareholder would be subject to the same treatment as U.S. Shareholders with respect to such gain (subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals).
If we were not a domestically controlled REIT, a sale of common or preferred shares by a Non-U.S. Shareholder would not be subject to taxation under FIRPTA as a sale of a U.S. real property interest if (1) our preferred shares or common shares were “regularly traded” on an established securities market within the
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meaning of applicable Treasury regulations and (2) the Non-U.S. Shareholder did not actually, or constructively under specified attribution rules under the Code, own more than 5% of our preferred shares or common shares at any time during the shorter of the five-year period preceding the disposition or the holder’s holding period.
Even if our common or preferred shares were not regularly traded on an established securities market, a Non-U.S. Shareholder would not be subject to taxation under FIRPTA as a sale of a U.S. real property interest if such Non-U.S. Shareholder’s common or preferred shares had a fair market value on the date of acquisition that was equal to or less than 5% of our regularly traded class of shares with the lowest fair market value. For purposes of this test, if a Non-U.S. Shareholder acquired shares of common or preferred shares and subsequently acquired additional shares at a later date, then all such shares would be aggregated and valued as of the date of the subsequent acquisition.
Statement of Share Ownership
Brandywine is required to demand annual written statements from the record holders of designated percentages of our shares disclosing the actual owners of the shares. Brandywine must also maintain, within the Internal Revenue District in which it is required to file its federal income tax return, permanent records showing the information Brandywine has received as to the actual ownership of such shares and a list of those persons failing or refusing to comply with such demand.
Brandywine, the Operating Partnership, the Subsidiary Partnerships and Brandywine’s shareholders may be subject to state or local taxation in various state or local jurisdictions, including those in which it or they transact business or reside. The state and local tax treatment of Brandywine, the Operating Partnership, the Subsidiary Partnerships and Brandywine’s shareholders may not conform to the Federal income tax consequences discussed above. Consequently, prospective shareholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect of state and local tax laws on an investment in our securities.
Debt Securities
The stated interest on debt securities generally will be taxable to a U.S. Holder as ordinary income at the time that it is paid or accrued, in accordance with the U.S. Holder’s method of accounting for United States federal income tax purposes.
If you own debt securities issued with original issue discount (“OID”), you will be subject to special tax accounting rules, as described in greater detail below. In that case, you should be aware that you generally must include OID in gross income in advance of the receipt of cash attributable to that income. However, you generally will not be required to include separately in income cash payments received on the debt securities, even if denominated as interest, to the extent those payments do not constitute “qualified stated interest,” as defined below. If we determine that a particular debt security will be an OID debt security, we will disclose that determination in the prospectus supplement or supplements relating to those debt securities.
A debt security with an “issue price” that is less than the “stated redemption price at maturity” (the sum of all payments to be made on the debt security other than “qualified stated interest”) generally will be issued with OID if that difference is at least 0.25% of the stated redemption price at maturity multiplied by the number of complete years to maturity. The “issue price” of each debt security in a particular offering will be the first price at which a substantial amount of that particular offering is sold to the public. The term “qualified stated interest” means stated interest that is unconditionally payable in cash or in property, other than debt instruments of the issuer, and the interest to be paid meets all of the following conditions:
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| • | it is payable at least once per year; |
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| • | it is payable over the entire term of the debt security; and |
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| • | it is payable at a single fixed rate or, subject to certain conditions, based on one or more interest indices. |
If we determine that particular debt securities of a series will bear interest that is not qualified stated interest, we will disclose that determination in the prospectus supplement or supplements relating to those debt securities.
If you own a debt security issued with “de minimis” OID, which is discount that is not OID because it is less than 0.25% of the stated redemption price at maturity multiplied by the number of complete years to maturity, you generally must include the de minimis OID in income at the time principal payments on the debt securities are made in proportion to the amount paid. Any amount of de minimis OID that you have included in income will be treated as capital gain.
Certain of the debt securities may contain provisions permitting them to be redeemed prior to their stated maturity at our option and/or at your option. OID debt securities containing those features may be subject to rules that differ from the general rules discussed herein. If you are considering the purchase of OID debt securities with those features, you should carefully examine the applicable prospectus supplement or supplements and should consult your own tax advisors with respect to those features since the tax consequences to you with respect to OID will depend, in part, on the particular terms and features of the debt securities.
If you own OID debt securities with a maturity upon issuance of more than one year you generally must include OID in income in advance of the receipt of some or all of the related cash payments using the “constant yield method” described in the following paragraphs. This method takes into account the compounding of interest.
The amount of OID that you must include in income if you are the initial United States holder of an OID debt security is the sum of the “daily portions” of OID with respect to the debt security for each day during the taxable year or portion of the taxable year in which you held that debt security (“accrued OID”). The daily portion is determined by allocating to each day in any “accrual period” a pro rata portion of the OID allocable to that accrual period. The “accrual period” for an OID debt security may be of any length and may vary in length over the term of the debt security, provided that each accrual period is no longer than one year and each scheduled payment of principal or interest occurs on the first day or the final day of an accrual period. The amount of OID allocable to any accrual period is an amount equal to the excess, if any, of:
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| • | the debt security’s “adjusted issue price” at the beginning of the accrual period multiplied by its yield to maturity, determined on the basis of compounding at the close of each accrual period and properly adjusted for the length of the accrual period, over |
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| • | the aggregate of all qualified stated interest allocable to the accrual period. |
OID allocable to a final accrual period is the difference between the amount payable at maturity, other than a payment of qualified stated interest, and the adjusted issue price at the beginning of the final accrual period. Special rules will apply for calculating OID for an initial short accrual period. The “adjusted issue price” of a debt security at the beginning of any accrual period is equal to its issue price increased by the accrued OID for each prior accrual period, determined without regard to the amortization of any acquisition or bond premium, as described below, and reduced by any payments made on the debt security (other than qualified stated interest) on or before the first day of the accrual period. Under these rules, you will generally have to include in income increasingly greater amounts of OID in successive accrual periods. We are required to provide information returns stating the amount of OID accrued on debt securities held of record by persons other than corporations and other exempt holders.
Floating rate debt securities are subject to special OID rules. In the case of an OID debt security that is a floating rate debt security, both the “yield to maturity” and “qualified stated interest” will be determined solely for purposes of calculating the accrual of OID as though the debt security will bear interest in all periods at a fixed rate generally equal to the rate that would be applicable to interest payments on the debt
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security on its date of issue or, in the case of certain floating rate debt securities, the rate that reflects the yield to maturity that is reasonably expected for the debt security. Additional rules may apply if either:
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| • | the interest on a floating rate debt security is based on more than one interest index; or |
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| • | the principal amount of the debt security is indexed in any manner. |
This discussion does not address the tax rules applicable to debt securities with an indexed principal amount. If you are considering the purchase of floating rate OID debt securities or securities with indexed principal amounts, you should carefully examine the prospectus supplement or supplements relating to those debt securities, and should consult your own tax advisors regarding the United States federal income tax consequences to you of holding and disposing of those debt securities.
You may elect to treat all interest on any debt securities as OID and calculate the amount includible in gross income under the constant yield method described above. For purposes of this election, interest includes stated interest, acquisition discount, OID, de minimis OID, market discount, de minimis market discount and unstated interest, as adjusted by any amortizable bond premium or acquisition premium. You must make this election for the taxable year in which you acquired the debt security, and you may not revoke the election without the consent of the IRS. You should consult with your own tax advisors about this election.
If you purchase debt securities, other than OID debt securities, for an amount that is less than their stated redemption price at maturity, or, in the case of OID debt securities, their adjusted issue price, the amount of the difference will be treated as “market discount” for United States federal income tax purposes, unless that difference is less than a specified de minimis amount. Under the market discount rules, you will be required to treat any principal payment on, or any gain on the sale, exchange, retirement or other disposition of, the debt securities as ordinary income to the extent of the market discount that you have not previously included in income and are treated as having accrued on the debt securities at the time of their payment or disposition. In addition, you may be required to defer, until the maturity of the debt securities or their earlier disposition in a taxable transaction, the deduction of all or a portion of the interest expense on any indebtedness attributable to the debt securities. You may elect, on a debt security-by-debt security basis, to deduct the deferred interest expense in a tax year prior to the year of disposition. You should consult your own tax advisors before making this election.
Any market discount will be considered to accrue ratably during the period from the date of acquisition to the maturity date of the debt securities, unless you elect to accrue on a constant interest method. You may elect to include market discount in income currently as it accrues, on either a ratable or constant interest method, in which case the rule described above regarding deferral of interest deductions will not apply. Your election to include market discount in income currently, once made, applies to all market discount obligations acquired by you on or after the first taxable year to which your election applies and may not be revoked without the consent of the IRS. You should consult your own tax advisor before making this election.
Acquisition Premium and Amortizable Bond Premium
If you purchase OID debt securities for an amount that is greater than their adjusted issue price but equal to or less than the sum of all amounts payable on the debt securities after the purchase date other than payments of qualified stated interest, you will be considered to have purchased those debt securities at an “acquisition premium.” Under the acquisition premium rules, the amount of OID that you must include in gross income with respect to those debt securities for any taxable year will be reduced by the portion of the acquisition premium properly allocable to that year.
If you purchase debt securities (including OID debt securities) for an amount in excess of the sum of all amounts payable on those debt securities after the purchase date other than qualified stated interest, you will be considered to have purchased those debt securities at a “premium” and, if they are OID debt securities, you will not be required to include any OID in income. You generally may elect to amortize the premium over the remaining term of those debt securities on a constant yield method as an offset to interest when includible in income under your regular accounting method. In the case of debt securities that provide for
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alternative payment schedules, bond premium is calculated by assuming that (a) you will exercise or not exercise options in a manner that maximizes your yield, and (b) we will exercise or not exercise options in a manner that minimizes your yield (except that we will be assumed to exercise call options in a manner that maximizes your yield). If you do not elect to amortize bond premium, that premium will decrease the gain or increase the loss you would otherwise recognize on disposition of the debt security. Your election to amortize premium on a constant yield method will also apply to all debt obligations held or subsequently acquired by you on or after the first day of the first taxable year to which the election applies. You may not revoke the election without the consent of the IRS. You should consult your own tax advisor before making this election.
Sale, Exchange and Retirement of debt securities
A U.S. Holder of debt securities will recognize gain or loss upon the sale, exchange, retirement, redemption or other taxable disposition of such debt securities in an amount equal to the difference between:
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| • | the amount of cash and the fair market value of other property received in exchange for such debt securities, other than amounts attributable to accrued but unpaid stated interest, which will be subject to tax as ordinary income to the extent not previously included in income; and |
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| • | the U.S. Holder’s adjusted basis of the debt securities. |
The adjusted basis of the debt securities will, in general, be the U.S. Holders cost for the debt securities, increased by OID and reduced by any cash payments on the debt securities other than qualified stated interest. Any gain or loss recognized will generally be capital gain or loss, and such capital gain or loss will generally be long-term capital gain or loss if debt securities has been held by the U.S. Holder for more than one year. Long-term capital gain for non-corporate taxpayers is subject to reduced rates of United States federal income taxation. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to certain limitations.
The following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income and estate tax consequences that generally will apply to you if you are a Non-U.S. Holder of debt securities.
Interest (including OID) paid to a Non-U.S. Holder of debt securities will not be subject to United States federal withholding tax under the “portfolio interest exception,” provided that:
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| • | interest paid on debt securities is not effectively connected with a Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States; |
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| • | the Non-U.S. Holder does not actually or constructively own 10% or more of the capital or profits interest in the Operating Partnership; |
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| • | the Non-U.S. Holder is not |
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| | • | a controlled foreign corporation that is related to us through stock ownership, or |
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| | • | a bank that receives such interest on an extension of credit made pursuant to a loan agreement entered into in the ordinary course of its trade or business; and |
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| • | the beneficial owner of debt securities provides a certification, which is generally made on an IRS Form W-8BEN or a suitable substitute form and signed under penalties of perjury, that it is not a United States person. |
A payment of interest (including OID) to a Non-U.S. Holder that does not qualify for the portfolio interest exception and that is not effectively connected to a United States trade or business will be subject to United States federal withholding tax at a rate of 30%, unless a United States income tax treaty applies to reduce or eliminate withholding.
A Non-U.S. Holder will generally be subject to tax in the same manner as a U.S. Holder with respect to payments of interest (including OID) if such payments are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business by the Non-U.S. Holder in the United States and, if an applicable tax treaty provides, such gain is attributable to a United States permanent establishment maintained by the Non-U.S. Holder. In some
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circumstances, such effectively connected income received by a Non-U.S. Holder which is a corporation may be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30% base rate or, if applicable, a lower treaty rate.
To claim the benefit of a lower treaty rate or to claim exemption from withholding because the income is effectively connected with a United States trade or business, the Non-U.S. Holder must provide a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8ECI, or a suitable substitute form, as applicable, prior to the payment of interest. Such certificate must contain, among other information, the name and address of the Non-U.S. Holder.
Non-U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding applicable income tax treaties, which may provide different rules.
Sale or Retirement of debt securities
A Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to United States federal income tax or withholding tax on gain realized on the sale, exchange or redemption of debt securities unless:
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| • | the Non-U.S. Holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the sale, exchange or redemption, and certain other conditions are met; or |
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| • | the gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business of the Non-U.S. Holder in the United States and, if an applicable tax treaty so provides, such gain is attributable to a United States permanent establishment maintained by such holder. |
Except to the extent that an applicable tax treaty provides otherwise, a Non-U.S. Holder will generally be subject to tax in the same manner as a U.S. Holder with respect to gain realized on the sale, exchange or redemption of debt securities if such gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business by the Non-U.S. Holder in the United States and, if an applicable tax treaty provides, such gain is attributable to a United States permanent establishment maintained by the Non-U.S. Holder. In certain circumstances, a Non-U.S. Holder that is a corporation will be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate or, if applicable, a lower treaty rate on such income.
Your estate will not be subject to U.S. federal estate tax on the debt securities beneficially owned by you at the time of your death, provided that any payment to you on the debt securities, including OID, would be eligible for exemption from the 30% U.S. federal withholding tax under the “portfolio interest” rule described above, without regard to the certification requirement.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Certain non-corporate U.S. Holders may be subject to information reporting requirements on payments of principal and interest (including OID) on debt securities and payments of the proceeds of the sale, exchange, or redemption of debt securities, and backup withholding, currently imposed at a rate of 28%, may apply to such payment if the U.S. Holder:
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| • | fails to furnish an accurate taxpayer identification number, or TIN, to the payor in the manner required; |
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| • | is notified by the IRS that it has failed to properly report payments of interest or dividends; or |
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| • | under certain circumstances, fails to certify, under penalties of perjury, that it has furnished a correct TIN and that it has not been notified by the IRS that it is subject to backup withholding. |
A Non-U.S. Holder is generally not subject to backup withholding with respect to payments of interest (including OID) on debt securities if it certifies as to its status as a Non-U.S. Holder under penalties of perjury or if it otherwise establishes an exemption, provided that neither we nor our paying agent has actual knowledge or reason to know that the Non-U.S. Holder is a United States person or that the conditions of any other exemptions are not, in fact, satisfied. Information reporting requirements, however, will apply to payments of interest (including OID) to Non-U.S. Holders where such interest is subject to withholding or exempt from United States withholding tax pursuant to a tax treaty. Copies of these information returns may
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also be made available under the provisions of a specific treaty or agreement to the tax authorities of the country in which the Non-U.S. Holder resides.
The payment of the proceeds from the disposition of debt securities to or through the United States office of any broker, United States or foreign, will be subject to information reporting and possible backup withholding unless the owner certifies as to its non-United States status under penalties of perjury or otherwise establishes an exemption, provided that the broker does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that the Non-U.S. Holder is a United States person or that the conditions of any other exemption are not, in fact, satisfied.
The payment of the proceeds from the disposition of debt securities to or through a non-United States office of a non-United States broker that is not a “United States related person” generally will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding. For this purpose, a “United States related person” is:
| | | |
| • | a controlled foreign corporation for United States federal income tax purposes; |
| | | |
| • | a foreign person 50% or more of whose gross income from all sources for the three-year period ending with the close of its taxable year preceding the payment, or for such part of the period that the broker has been in existence, is derived from activities that are effectively connected with the conduct of a United States trade or business; or |
| | | |
| • | a foreign partnership that at any time during the partnership’s taxable year is either engaged in the conduct of a trade or business in the United States or of which 50% or more of its income or capital interests are held by United States persons. |
In the case of the payment of proceeds from the disposition of debt securities to or through a non-United States office of a broker that is either a United States person or a United States related person, the payment may be subject to information reporting unless the broker has documentary evidence in its files that the owner is a Non-U.S. Holder and the broker has no knowledge or reason to know to the contrary. Backup withholding will not apply to payments made through foreign offices of a broker that is a United States person or a United States related person, absent actual knowledge that the payee is a United States person.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a Holder will be allowed as a refund or a credit against such Holder’s United States federal income tax liability, provided that the requisite procedures are followed.
Holders of debt securities are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding their qualification for exemption from backup withholding and the procedure for obtaining such an exemption, if applicable.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We and, where applicable, selling securityholders may sell the securities to one or more underwriters for public offering and sale by them or may sell the securities directly to one or more investors or through agents or through a combination of any of such methods. Any such underwriter or agent involved in the offer and sale of the securities will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We or underwriters may offer and sell the securities at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, at prices related to the prevailing market prices at the time of sale or at negotiated prices for cash or assets. We also may, from time to time, authorize underwriters acting as our agents to offer and sell the securities upon the terms and conditions as are set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. In connection with the sale of the securities, underwriters may be deemed to have received compensation from us in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions and may also receive commissions from purchasers of the securities for whom they may act as agent. Underwriters may sell securities to or through dealers, and such dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agent.
We may engage one or more firms to act as our agent (each, an “Offering Agent”) for one or more offerings, from time to time, of our common shares. We will identify any Offering Agents in the applicable prospectus supplement or a post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. If we reach agreement with an Offering Agent with respect to a specific offering, including the number of common shares and any minimum price below which sales may not be made, then an Offering Agent would agree to use its commercially reasonable efforts, consistent with its normal trading and sales practices, to try to sell such common shares on the agreed terms. An Offering Agent could make sales in privately negotiated transactions and/or any other method permitted by law, including sales deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, sales made directly on the New York Stock Exchange or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange. At-the-market offerings may not exceed 10% of the aggregate market value of our outstanding voting securities held by non-affiliates on a date within 60 days prior to the filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. An Offering Agent will be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act, with respect to any sales effected through an “at the market” offering.
We may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third parties may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of securities, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of securities. The third parties in such sale transactions will be underwriters and will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement or a post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
We or one of our affiliates may loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities using this prospectus. Such financial institution or third party may transfer its short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a simultaneous offering of other securities offered by this prospectus or otherwise.
Any underwriting compensation paid by us to underwriters or agents in connection with the offering of the securities, and any discounts, concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters to participating dealers, will be set forth or described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Underwriters, dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters, and any discounts and commissions received by them and any profit realized by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act.
Underwriters, dealers and agents may be entitled, under agreements entered into with us, to indemnification against and contribution toward certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
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Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, each series of securities will be a new issue with no established trading market, other than the common shares, the Series C Preferred Shares and the Series D Preferred Shares, which are listed on the NYSE, as of the date of this prospectus. We may elect to list any series of preferred shares or American Depository Receipts representing depository shares on an exchange, but are not obligated to do so. It is possible that one or more underwriters may make a market in a series of securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. Therefore, no assurance can be given as to the liquidity of, or the trading market for, the securities.
If so indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will authorize underwriters or other persons acting as our agents to solicit offers by certain institutions to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in such prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on the date or dates stated in such prospectus supplement. Institutions with whom delayed delivery contracts, when authorized, may be made include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, educational and charitable institutions, and other institutions but will in all cases be subject to our approval. Delayed delivery contracts will not be subject to any conditions except (1) the purchase by an institution of the securities covered by its contracts shall not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of any jurisdiction in the United States to which such institution is subject, and (2) if the securities are being sold to underwriters, we will have sold to such underwriters the total principal amount of the securities less the principal amount thereof covered by contracts.
Underwriters, dealers and agents and their affiliates may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, or be tenants of, or be lenders to, us in the ordinary course of business.
LEGAL MATTERS
Unless otherwise set forth in a prospectus supplement, the validity of the securities offered will be passed upon for us by Pepper Hamilton LLP.
EXPERTS
The financial statements and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting (which is included in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting) incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Form 10-K of Brandywine Realty Trust for the year ended December 31, 2004 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
The financial statements incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P. for the year ended December 31, 2004 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
The audited historical financial statements and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Prentiss Properties Trust incorporated in this prospectus by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Brandywine Realty Trust’s and Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P.’s Current Reports on Form 8-K/A dated December 14, 2005 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
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PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The following table sets forth the costs and expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, incurred in connection with the distribution of the securities being registered (all amounts are estimated):
| | Amount to be Paid | |
| |
|
| |
SEC registration fee | | $ | * | |
Printing and engraving expenses | | $ | 50,000 | |
Legal fees and expenses | | $ | 50,000 | |
Accounting fees and expenses | | $ | 50,000 | |
Trustees and transfer agents fees | | $ | 50,000 | |
Miscellaneous | | $ | 50,000 | |
Total | | $ | 250,000 | |
| | | | |
* | This registration statement relates to the registration of securities having an indeterminate maximum aggregate principal amount. The registration fee will be calculated and paid in accordance with Rule 457(r) of the SEC. |
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
The Maryland REIT Law permits a Maryland real estate investment trust to include in its Declaration of Trust a provision limiting the liability of its trustees and officers to the trust and its shareholders for money damages except for liability resulting from (1) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (2) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action. Brandywine’s Declaration of Trust contains a provision which eliminates such liability to the maximum extent permitted by the Maryland REIT Law.
The Maryland REIT Law permits a Maryland REIT to indemnify and advance expenses to its trustees and officers to the same extent as permitted for directors and officers of a Maryland corporation under the Maryland General Corporation Law. In the case of directors and officers of a Maryland corporation, the Maryland General Corporation Law permits a Maryland corporation to indemnify present and former directors and officers against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made a party by reason of such service, unless it is established that either: (1) the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and either (a) was committed in bad faith or (b) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; (2) the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or (3) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.
Brandywine’s Bylaws require Brandywine to indemnify, without a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, (1) any present or former trustee, officer or shareholder who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of a proceeding to which he was made a party by reason of such status, against reasonable expenses incurred by him in connection with the proceeding; (2) any present or former trustee or officer against any claim or liability to which he may become subject by reason of such status unless it is established that (a) his act or omission was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (b) he actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (c) in the case of a criminal proceeding, he had reasonable cause to believe that his act or omission was unlawful; and (3) each shareholder or former shareholder against any claim or liability to which he may be subject by reason of such status as a shareholder or former shareholder.
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In addition, Brandywine’s Bylaws require Brandywine to pay or reimburse, in advance of final disposition of a proceeding, reasonable expenses incurred by a present or former trustee, officer or shareholder made a party to a proceeding by reason of his status as a trustee, officer or shareholder provided that, in the case of a trustee or officer, Brandywine shall have received (1) a written affirmation by the trustee or officer of his good faith belief that he has met the applicable standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by Brandywine as authorized by the Bylaws and (2) a written undertaking by him or on his behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by Brandywine if it shall ultimately be determined that the applicable standard of conduct was not met. The Bylaws also (1) permit Brandywine, with the approval of its trustees, to provide indemnification and payment or reimbursement of expenses to a present or former trustee, officer or shareholder who served Brandywine’s predecessor in such capacity, and to any of Brandywine’s employees or agents of its predecessor, (2) provide that any indemnification or payment or reimbursement of the expenses permitted by our Bylaws shall be furnished in accordance with the procedures provided for indemnification and payment or reimbursement of expenses under Section 2-418 of the Maryland General Corporation Law for directors of Maryland corporations and (iii) permit Brandywine to provide such other and further indemnification or payment or reimbursement of expenses as may be permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law for directors of Maryland corporations.
Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P.
The limited partnership agreement of Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P., referred to in the prospectus as the Operating Partnership, also provides for indemnification by the Operating Partnership of Brandywine and its trustees and officers for any costs, expenses or liabilities incurred by them by reason of any act performed by them for or on behalf of the Operating Partnership; provided that such person’s conduct was taken in good faith and in the belief that such conduct was in the best interests of the Operating Partnership and that such person was not guilty of fraud, willful misconduct or gross negligence.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our trustees and officers pursuant to the foregoing provisions or otherwise, we have been advised that, although the validity and scope of the governing statute has not been tested in court, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In addition, indemnification may be limited by state securities laws.
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Item 16. Exhibits
Exhibit No. | | | Description | | | Incorporated by Reference to Filings Indicated |
|
1.1 | | | Form of Underwriting Agreement relating to Debt Securities. | | | ** |
|
1.2 | | | Form of Underwriting Agreement relating to Preferred Shares, Common Shares, Depository Shares and Warrants. | | | ** |
|
3.1.1 | | | Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of Brandywine amended and restated as of May 12, 1997 (Previously filed as an exhibit to Brandywine’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 9, 1997 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
|
3.1.2 | | | Articles of Amendment to Declaration of Trust of Brandywine dated September 4, 1997 (Previously filed as an exhibit to Brandywine’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 10, 1997 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
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3.1.3 | | | Articles of Amendment to Declaration of Trust of Brandywine dated May 15, 1998 (Previously filed as an exhibit to Brandywine’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 3, 1998 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
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3.1.4 | | | Articles Supplementary to Declaration of Trust of Brandywine dated September 28, 1998) (Previously filed as an exhibit to Brandywine’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 13, 1998 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
|
3.1.5 | | | Articles of Amendment to Declaration of Trust of Brandywine dated March 19, 1999) (Previously filed as an exhibit to Brandywine’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
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3.1.6 | | | Articles Supplementary to Declaration of Trust of Brandywine dated April 19, 1999) (Previously filed as an exhibit to Brandywine’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 26, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
|
3.1.7 | | | Articles Supplementary to Declaration of Trust of Brandywine dated December 30, 2003) (Previously filed as an exhibit to Brandywine’s Form 8-A dated December 29, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
|
3.1.8 | | | Articles Supplementary to Declaration of Trust of Brandywine dated February 5, 2004) (Previously filed as an exhibit to Brandywine’s Form 8-A dated February 5, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
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3.1.9 | | | Articles of Amendment to Declaration of Trust of Brandywine dated October 3, 2005 (Previously filed as an exhibit to Brandywine’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 4, 2005 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
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3.1.10 | | | Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P. (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K dated December 17, 1997 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
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3.1.11 | | | First Amendment to Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K dated December 17, 1997 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
|
3.1.12 | | | Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership Agreement of the Operating Partnership (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K dated April 13, 1998 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
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Exhibit No. | | | Description | | | Incorporated by Reference to Filings Indicated |
|
3.1.13 | | | Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K dated May 14, 1998 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
|
3.1.14 | | | Fourth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K dated October 13, 1998 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
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3.1.15 | | | Fifth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K dated October 13, 1998 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
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3.1.16 | | | Sixth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K dated October 13, 1998 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
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3.1.17 | | | Seventh Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
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3.1.18 | | | Eighth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
|
3.1.19 | | | Ninth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
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3.1.20 | | | Tenth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
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3.1.21 | | | Eleventh Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
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3.1.22 | | | Twelfth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
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3.1.23 | | | Thirteenth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K dated September 21, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
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3.1.24 | | | Fourteenth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K dated January 10, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
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Exhibit No. | | | Description | | | Incorporated by Reference to Filings Indicated |
|
3.2 | | | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Brandywine (Previously filed as an exhibit to Brandywine’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 14, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference). | | | |
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4.1 | | | Indenture, dated October 22, 2004, among Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P., Brandywine Realty Trust, certain wholly owned subsidiaries of Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P. named thereon and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (Previously field as an exhibit to Brandywine's Current Report on Form 8-K updated on October 22, 2004). | | | |
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5.1 | | | Opinion of Pepper Hamilton LLP regarding the validity of the securities being registered. | | | * |
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8.1 | | | Opinion of Pepper Hamilton LLP regarding tax matters | | | * |
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12.1 | | | Statement of computation of ratios of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred share distributions of Brandywine. | | | * |
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12.2 | | | Statement of computation of ratios of earnings to fixed charges of the Operating Partnership. | | | * |
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23.1 | | | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (Philadelphia). | | | * |
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23.2 | | | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (Philadelphia). | | | * |
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23.3 | | | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (Dallas). | | | * |
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23.4 | | | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP. | | | * |
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23.5 | | | Consent of Pepper Hamilton LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1). | | | |
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23.6 | | | Consent of Pepper Hamilton LLP (included in Exhibit 8.1). | | | |
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24.1 | | | Power of Attorney (included in Part II of the Registration Statement). | | | |
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25.1 | | | Statement of Eligibility of The Bank of New York on Form T-1. | | | * |
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| |
** | To be filed by an amendment or as an exhibit to a document filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and incorporated by reference herein. |
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Item 17. Undertakings
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in the volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
provided, however, that paragraphs (i), (ii) and (iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities in the post-effective amendment at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:
(A) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5) or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.
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That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of the securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
To file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers or controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission this type of indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities and Exchange Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Philadelphia, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, on January 24, 2006.
| | | BRANDYWINE REALTY TRUST | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | By: | | /s/ Gerard H. Sweeney | |
| | | | |
| |
| | | | | Name: Gerard H. Sweeney | |
| | | | | Title: President and Chief Executive Officer | |
| | | BRANDYWINE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | By: | | Brandywine Realty Trust, its General Partner | |
| | | | | | |
| | | By: | | /s/ Gerard H. Sweeney | |
| | | | |
| |
| | | | | Name: Gerard H. Sweeney | |
| | | | | Title: President and Chief Executive Officer | |
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POWER OF ATTORNEY
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this registration statement and Power of Attorney have been signed by the following persons in the capacity and on the dates indicated.
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose name appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Gerard H. Sweeney his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Signature | | Title(s) | | Date |
| |
| |
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| | | | | | |
/s/ Gerard H. Sweeney Gerard H. Sweeney | | | President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee (Principal Executive Officer) | | | January 24, 2006 |
| | | | | | |
/s/ Christopher P. Marr Christopher P. Marr | | | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | | | January 24, 2006 |
| | | | | | |
/s/ Scott W. Fordham Scott W. Fordham | | | Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer | | | January 24, 2006 |
| | | | | | |
/s/ Walter D’Alessio Walter D’Alessio | | | Chairman of the Board of Trustees | | | January 24, 2006 |
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/s/ D. Pike Aloian D. Pike Aloian | | | Trustee | | | January 24, 2006 |
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/s/ Thomas F. August Thomas F. August | | | Trustee | | | January 24, 2006 |
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/s/ Donald E. Axinn Donald E. Axinn | | | Trustee | | | January 24, 2006 |
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/s/ Wyche Fowler Wyche Fowler | | | Trustee | | | January 24, 2006 |
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/s/ Michael J. Joyce Michael J. Joyce | | | Trustee | | | January 24, 2006 |
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/s/ Anthony A. Nichols, Sr. Anthony A. Nichols, Sr. | | | Trustee | | | January 24, 2006 |
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/s/ Charles P. Pizzi Charles P. Pizzi | | | Trustee | | | January 24, 2006 |
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/s/ Michael V. Prentiss Michael V. Prentiss | | | Trustee | | | January 24, 2006 |
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